State Cluster Development Policy Road Map

Prepared by
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and
Policy Analysis, Bhopal
In association with
Foundation of MSME Cluster, New Delhi
Department of Micro Small & Medium Enterprises
Government of Madhya Pradesh
State Cluster Development
Policy Road map

Madhya Pradesh- State Cluster Policy Roadmap
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Table of Contents
Abbreviations........................................................................................................................ 3
List of Tables........................................................................................................................ 4
Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 5
Chapter One: Introduction..................................................................................................... 8
I. Study Background ........................................................................................................................ 8
II. The Need & Objective of the Policy Roadmap for Madhya Pradesh.......................................... 8
III. Approach & Methodology used to prepare the Policy Roadmap.............................................. 9
Chapter Two: Cluster Initiatives Globally ........................................................................... 12
2.1 Evolution of the cluster development initiatives.................................................................... 12
2.2 Learning from the Cluster Best Practices................................................................................ 16
Chapter Three: Madhya Pradesh Cluster Scenario............................................................... 23
3.1 State Cluster scenario ............................................................................................................. 23
3.2 Key Learnings from DSR .......................................................................................................... 24
Chapter Four: Policy Road map for Government of MP ...................................................... 27
4.1 Objective & time framework .................................................................................................. 27
4.2 Fundamental elements of the Cluster Development Programme Design.............................. 27
4.3 Cluster Mapping and Selection............................................................................................... 28
4.4 Cluster Development Implementation Stages........................................................................ 31
4.5 How will the cluster initiatives be managed?......................................................................... 33
4.6 Few Recommended Programs for State Clusters ................................................................... 39
Chapter 5: Roll Out Plan for the Cluster Development Strategy and Budget Requirements.. 41
Stage I: Inception Stage(Year 1).................................................................................................... 42
Sate II: Capacity Building Stage(Year 2) ........................................................................................ 43
Stage III: Full Roll Out of Cluster Implementation Stage (Years 3-5) ............................................ 45
Estimated Budgetary Requirements:............................................................................................ 46
Annex 1: Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for a cluster initiative with suggestive
parameters........................................................................................................................... 49
Annex 2: Illustrative list of likely services to be provided by the proposed 10 MSME
Facilitation Centres ............................................................................................................. 52
Annex-3 Cluster Development Training Plan for DoMSME................................................ 54
Annex-4 Few Cluster Development Schemes by the Government of India .......................... 59

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Abbreviations
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
AP : Action Plan
AIGGPA : AtalBihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis
BMO : Business Membership Organisation
BDS : Business
CCC : Cluster Coordination Committee
CD : Cluster Development
CDP : Cluster Development Programme
CFC : Common Facility Centre
CPSA : Cluster Programme SupportAgency
DIC : District Industry Centre
DSR : Diagnostic Study Report
DoMSME : Department of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises
DPR : Detailed Project Report
EU : European Union
GoI : Government of India
GoMP : Government of Madhya Pradesh
GVC : Global Value Chain
IIUS : Industrial Infrastructure Upgradation Scheme
KPI : Key Performance Indicator
LE : Large/ Lead Enterprise
MSE-CDP : Micro, Small Enterprises-Cluster Development Programme
MoSPI : Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
MSMEs : Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
SFURTI : Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries
SIDBI : Small Industries Development Bank of India
SPV : Special Purpose Vehicle
SSI : Small Scale Industries
Rs. : Rupees
ToR : Terms of Reference
ToT : Training of the Trainers
UNIDO : United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
UPTECH : Integrated Technology Up gradation and Management Programme
TUP : Technology Upgradation Programme
VDP :Vendor Development programme

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List of Tables
Table 1 Key Findings from various sources......................................................................................... 5
Table 2 Study Methodology................................................................................................................ 9
Table 3: List of Stakeholders of CPSA................................................................................................ 34
Table 4 Roll out Plan ......................................................................................................................... 41
Table 5 Estimated Budgetary requirements..................................................................................... 47

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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Executive Summary
1. The purpose of undertaking this study is to develop a roadmap to promote Cluster
development initiatives in the state of Madhya Pradesh with a view to support and foster
development of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises [MSME] sector. There is a broad
consensus that many countries in the world as well as many states in India have benefitted
through cluster development approach. However, in case of Madhya Pradesh, success story of
cluster initiatives is minimal. Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy
Analysis [AIGGPA] commissioned the study to examine the status of Cluster development
initiatives in the state and to develop policy road map for cluster initiatives in association with
Foundation of MSME Cluster [FMC], New Delhi.
2. Diagnostic Studies (DSs)were conducted in six shortlisted clusters based on their socio-
economic importance in the state economy, which was defined by parameters like Number of
units, Gross Value Added, Employment generation etc. The DSs were undertaken with an
objective to understand the current scenario in the clusters, the issues/bottlenecks and also to
take feedback/suggestions from the unit holders on various government initiatives and schemes.
Simultaneously, interaction sessions were also done with DICs, AKVNs, Financial Institutions
like SIDBI, Banks, other stakeholders like Raw material providers, Machine suppliers, Traders,
Business Membership Organisations (BMOs), Bankers and MSME-DI to capture overall views
and perception of different stakeholders. Moreover, desk research based on the available
information/reports, best practices etc were reviewed and analysed. The key findings from
various source of research is provided in the table below :-
Table 1 Key Findings from various sources
Findings of the DSs in 6 clusters Findings of the Secondary Research on National
and Global Best Practices on Cluster
Business Needs
i. Raw Material Banks
ii. Development of Infrastructure and space
requirements
iii. Skill and Human Resource development
iv. Quality assurance & certification
v. Business development Support services
vi. Market access
vii. Financial Linkage
viii. Technology up gradation
ix. Support of Local Authority & concerning
Regulations
Issues related to Cluster Initiatives
i. Lack of knowledge of schemes of CDPs &
understanding about their process including
formation of SPV, establishment of CFC
etc.
ii. Lack of trust among all stakeholder and
hence failing the basic objective of cluster.
i. Strong sustainable clusters cannot be created
without intensive soft interventions.
ii. There is a need for developing a local cluster
eco-system where inter-linkages between
relevant private and public; public and
public; and private and private players
across the value chain with strong BMOs
and other networks are critical for
sustainability and strong outcomes.
iii. Hard interventions, if required should
generally follow and not be an entry point of
interventions.
iv. Skilled human resources and responsive
project implementing administrative
structure has a significant impact on the
success/ failure of the cluster programmes.

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3. Till date more than 30 cluster development schemes/programmes like MSE-CDP, SFURTI,
etc. have been introduced by various institutions including ministries of the Central
government, different State Governments, financial institutions, technical institutions, apex
business member organizations and international agencies. However the issues/problems of the
sector have largely remain the same and are primarily because of poor execution. Hence it is
recommended in the study not to create any other new policy/schemes/programme, etc. but to
develop strong mechanism for efficient and effective implementation of the existing schemes
for the benefit of the sector. Here we feel that it becomes necessary to review the
implementation strategy more deeply in order to address major challenges and introduce a
dedicated MSME cell which will guide and steer the Cluster development program and create
awareness about CDP amongst MSME unit holders.
4. As we know, the problems and challenges by MSMEs are multi-faceted encompassing social,
economic and environmental areas, and therefore there is a need for integrated support that can
be ensured with convergence of development schemes of assistance and coordination of
relevant stakeholders. There is a need to optimize efforts through inter-sectoral approaches and
synergies between different government schemes in terms of ensuring their reach and benefits
to the target industry stakeholders. It is recommended to create an umbrella body, named as
Cluster Program Support Agency (CPSA) to execute, coordinate &manage the MSME
development initiatives including clusters approach in MP. The structure and detailing is
provided in Chapter 4 of this report.
5. We feel that it is imperative to develop strong base by introducing awareness on CDP,
developing cluster database using cluster mapping etc. along with having its own cluster policy
at later stage. Hence we have provided detailed policy roadmap with an intention to give step
by step process by which the objective of developing state cluster policy may be streamlined.
This has been explained in detail in the subsequent chapters along with the Roll out strategy.
6. The study also proposes the cluster initiatives road map along with Roll out plan for
implementation of Cluster development programs. The initial policy implementation proposed
to be for a period of five years. During this period the focus should be to ensure buy in about
the cluster policy, create a foundation and ensure credibility through successful outcomes in
select clusters. It is believed that this period of five years will provide sufficient knowledge and
institutional capacities to CPSA, various other Departments of Govt. of MP and also non-
government actors to scale similar initiatives in most of the clusters of Madhya Pradesh.
Sustainability of the initiative after the initial pilot is also deliberated in the roadmap.
7. The role of the CPSA is envisaged to coordinate, manage and provide technical guidance
for undertaking cluster development initiatives in the state. Apart from cluster development,
CPSA will also offer various other need based services to institutions and also to the industry.
Some of the key services to be provided or integrated with cluster initiatives are as follows.
iii. Lack of motivation due to long and
complicated process involved in
implementation of schemes
iv. Cumbersome procedures in application and
project approvals
v. Lack of mentoring and guidance for Clusters
development

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• Capacity Building initiatives for stakeholders like Financial & Technical
institution, Developmental organisation – NGOs, BMOs and so on.
• Skill development programs
• Vendor Development programs (VDP)
• Business Development Services strengthening (BDS)
• Industrial Linkage Programs (ILP)

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Chapter One:
Chapter One:
Chapter One:
Chapter One: Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
I.
I.
I.
I. Study Background
Study Background
Study Background
Study Background
Cluster Development is not a new concept for the country. In fact Cluster Development program
has become a widespread tool as a part of the MSMEs development strategy of the Govt. of India.
However, the cluster approach has not been aptly used except for a few cases. In case of Madhya
Pradesh, the concept is still in its infancy with no visible outcomes. The state has initiated MSME
Cluster Development programme but is still striving hard to get due recognition as few other states
of the country have. As we all know that MSME sector plays crucial role in economic development
and growth in any region, but to enhance their ability and capacity to integrate with global economy
it becomes even more important to adopt cluster approach and benefit from opportunities of various
Cluster development program. We will understand in the subsequent session why approach of
cluster development is crucial for MSME sectors development and promotion.
Enterprises in a cluster can achieve levels of competitiveness that reach beyond the potential of
individual enterprises. While the growth of individual MSME is constrained by limited access to
resources and inability to achieve scale of economies, firms within clusters benefit from collective
efficiency gains, i.e. “the competitive advantage derived from local or external economies and joint
action”. Collaborative approach allows them to pool resources and efforts together for the
achievement of shared economic goals and sustained development. Collective efficiency gains can
be further enhanced when the institutional and policy frameworks are responsive to the firms’ needs
and supportive of their efforts.
To improve MSME competitiveness and help them become dynamic, such clusters must learn to
undertake targeted joint action and increase their stock of social capital. The Cluster Development
(CD) initiatives are a step towards that. The cluster development approach explains how
cooperation and joint activities can go hand in hand with competition to help an
underachieving cluster to become a dynamic cluster.
Government of Madhya Pradesh recognises the importance of Cluster Development as a means to
foster growth of the MSMEs and therefore is actively promoting the cluster initiatives in every
forum. It is endeavoured to create and strengthen the policy ecosystem that can help the industry
take benefit of cluster development approach to improve their competitiveness. The purpose of
having this study is to develop State Cluster Policy roadmap for promoting MSME sector through
cluster development approach.
II.
II.
II.
II. T
T
T
The Need
he Need
he Need
he Need & Objective of the
& Objective of the
& Objective of the
& Objective of the Policy Roadmap
Policy Roadmap
Policy Roadmap
Policy Roadmap for M
for M
for M
for Madhya Pradesh
adhya Pradesh
adhya Pradesh
adhya Pradesh
As we mentioned above that Madhya Pradesh (MP) has a huge scope to develop as a strong
manufacturing state with the presence of abundant natural resources and a strong base of MSMEs.
However it is still far away in the country to get the required investment from domestic industries
as well as attract global companies. The state is making all efforts to attract Industries by
developing ecosystem and policy reforms. One of the approaches to enhance the industrial base
isalsothroughcluster development approach. Madhya Pradesh is one of the states where Cluster

Development is yet to take-off visibly and therefore this policy roadmap intends to suggest the
potential of clustering approach and its roll out plan to develop the competitiveness of MSMEs in
the state.
III.
III.
III.
III. Approach & Methodology
Approach & Methodology
Approach & Methodology
Approach & Methodology used to
used to
used to
used to
A three step approach as alluded below was followed to prepare t
which is detailed out in subsequent sessions.
Table
off visibly and therefore this policy roadmap intends to suggest the
used to
used to
used to
used to prepare
prepare
prepare
prepare the Policy Roadmap
the Policy Roadmap
the Policy Roadmap
the Policy Roadmap
A three step approach as alluded below was followed to prepare the policy roadmap for the state
which is detailed out in subsequent sessions.
Table 2 Study Methodology
State Cluster Policy Roadmap
off visibly and therefore this policy roadmap intends to suggest the
he policy roadmap for the state

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Step One- Understand Cluster Development Context in MP: The objective of the Diagnostic
Study was to understand the socio-economic environment of the selected clusters in MP, assess
their growth opportunities and critical bottlenecks for development, assess most effective leverage
points for intervention and suggest the intervention strategy. To identify the clusters that can give
the right insights required suggesting appropriate policy measures, a systematic methodology was
followed covering the following steps.
6 clusters were drawn looking at two scenarios of growth opportunities as mentioned below:
Scenario 1:Value Chain & Lead Firms Led Cluster Development: 3 clusters were chosen where
there is a scope to develop market access (both domestic and international). This access was looked
from the approach of integrating in the Global Value Chains of the product or in helping the efforts
of attracting the lead firms to establish manufacturing units locally and get benefited by the demand
there-off.
Scenario 2: Cluster Development through Value Chain Upgradation: MSME firms grow
through collective action. The objective here was of helping the sustenance/ livelihood cause for
these units before they move/ plan for higher stages of value segments. This scenario of the cluster
development is to make the MSME firms grow in the value chain. For example, clusters producing
“low value added products” and operating at a lower end of a value chain (e.g. doing primary
processing and low value added work whereas the high value added work is done outside the cluster)
could be assessed to understand the scope of moving up in the value chain by switching to high value
added work. The objective here is of helping the sustenance/ livelihood cause for these units before
they move plan for higher stages of the value segments.
However, there are lot of commonalities in approaches in both the scenarios, but here the purpose
was only to optimise cluster diversity in the sample 6 clusters so that learning can be maximised to
use them for making well informed strategic decisions.
Cluster Selection Under Scenario-1:Industry data on three key parameters viz.- Number of Units,
Gross Value Added (GVA) and Employment was gathered from the Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation (MoSPI) data base on Annual Survey of Industry (ASI), 2012-13 for 2
digit NIC code. These three parameters were chosen to identify the sectors having higher
economic (GVA & No of Units) and socio (Employment) importance. The sectors were then
ranked around these parameters and a final list of sectors of importance was created based on their
respective average ranks.
A minimum cut off of number of units as 100 and employment as 10,000 was decided to identify
the sectors where there is a probability of getting bigger clusters is high. A list of 11 sectors were
identified based on this criteria.
Secondary information sources like DC-MSME, KVIC, Cluster Observatory of India, Annual
reports of District Industry Centres of the state of Madhya Pradesh (MP) were referred to list down
names of existing clusters among the identified list of 11 sectors, referred to at Step Two above. A
list of 105 existing clusters was thus created. From the list of the existing clusters in MP, the
clusters that could be linked up with Global Value Chain (GVC)/ Lead Enterprise led cluster
development were identified through quick assessment based on four supply side feasibility
parameters viz. product type, number of units, existing market and quality and two demand side
parameters viz. existing GVCs/ LEs linkages and their current market scenarios.

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Based on this methodology, three clusters as mentioned below were identified for the diagnostic
study, based on primary survey. The diagnostic studies would help in getting deeper insights to
identify key bottlenecks that can be overcome with targeted policy interventions.
Cluster 1: Indore Pharmaceutical Cluster
Cluster 2: Ujjain Plastic Cluster
Cluster 3:Gwalior Transformer Applied Product Cluster
Cluster Selection under Scenario-2:The same process as mentioned in the scenario –1, upto
creating a list of 105 clusters was followed. From that list clusters were chosen based on the
parameters viz- socio-economic importance, potential for introducing high value added
products/ processes, improving productivity by introducing new technology, market and so
on. Based on this methodology, three clusters as mentioned below were identified for the diagnostic
study, based on primary survey.
Cluster 1:JabalpurMishthan and Namkeen Cluster
Cluster 2:Guna Brick Cluster
Cluster 3:Nimrani Ready-made Garment (RMG) Cluster
Step Two- Identifying bench mark cluster development Practices:
Several cluster development initiatives by Multilateral Agencies like UNIDO, European Union,
Inter-American Development Bank, USAID, etc. and Bilateral Agencies like Ministry of MSMEs,
Ministry of Science & Technology of Government of India, SIDBI, SBI and few State
Governments like GoGujarat, GoWest Bengal &GoOdisha were reviewed and learnings were
drawn that have relevance for clusters in Madhya Pradesh.
Step Three- Preparation of CD Policy Road Map for MP:
The policy road map was prepared based on the learning from the best practices on cluster
development in the country and in other economies. The road map was planned to assist in roll-out
of cluster development as a policy tool, by the state government. It captures the intervention model
to assist decisions, to initiate cluster development by the state govt.; define the critical to success
factors for all steps of the process; define programme management including monitoring and
evaluation through Key Performance Indicators'; prepare a process guideline for transitioning from
govt. led model to private participation in due course of time. An indication on how govt. can
operate the CD process till the time high degree of private sector participation is reached is also
captured as part of the policy road map. A framework to decide the overall objective that a cluster
should attempt, based on prevailing factors was also explained.
The approach of the study was to have more interaction with the stakeholders from the state
to understand the real issue and also to take feedback from them on the possible solutions.
Based on the above methodology and own analysis the following policy roadmap has been
prepared. Before we discuss on the policy road map, it is important to understand the global
and national scenario in Cluster Development. In the subsequent chapter, a brief about
cluster initiatives globally/nationally is discussed.

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Chapter Two:
Chapter Two:
Chapter Two:
Chapter Two: Cluster Initiatives
Cluster Initiatives
Cluster Initiatives
Cluster Initiatives Globally
Globally
Globally
Globally
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1 Evolution
Evolution
Evolution
Evolution of the
of the
of the
of the cluster development
cluster development
cluster development
cluster development initiatives
initiatives
initiatives
initiatives
Cluster Development Initiatives in the Globe: Over the past two decade, there has been
tremendous growth in the practice of cluster-based competitiveness initiatives. It has gained
increasing prominence on the agenda of international development organizations, governments,
companies, and other institutions over the last decade. As a result, today, there are hundreds of
cluster initiatives in action around the world, all with their unique focus and shape depending on
where and how they emerged and who started the initiative and with what objective. The Cluster
Initiative Green book, for example, identified more than 500 cluster initiatives around the world by
2003 which have reached to more than 5000 by 2016 according to an internal estimation undertaken
by FMC. The bottom line is that cluster-based initiatives have now become a widely-used approach
to promote economic development – in both industrialized and developing countries. It has also
started getting recognized in under developed countries.
There is no definitive or widely-accepted version of what a cluster initiative constitutes of. Some of
the development agencies call them as competitiveness practices and some use the work cluster
development initiatives. USAID once reviewed and interviewed a number of practitioners and
found thatthis has been far from a linear process. Rather, competitiveness initiatives represent the
confluence of at least three distinct and separate developments that emerged through the 1980s: (i)
the perceived loss of U.S. competitiveness and the quest for solutions; (ii) the development of
competitiveness theory; and (iii) the growing emphasis around the world on the role of the private
sector as the engine of economic growth. These developments emerged independently of one
another during the 1980s. However, over a period of time, they have become more closely inter-
twined to shape the strategies and approaches often used to promote competitiveness.
While a number of initiatives were launched in the early 1990s, much of the significant growth in
the use of cluster-based approaches has emerged towards end of 2000. Concomitant with this
growth, donors have also started to explore the use of cluster-based initiatives in developing
countries. One of the World Bank’s earliest efforts was in Morocco in 1995. Carried out in close
cooperation with the World Bank and with financing from the European Union, Le
MarocCompetitif facilitated cluster development in four areas: textiles and apparel, sea products,
tourism, and electronic and information technology. UNIDO started its first cluster initiative in
1993 in Senegal. The mandate of the UNIDO was to promote and accelerate sustainable industrial
development in developing countries and economies in transition. In recent years, UNIDO has
assumed an enhanced role in the global development agenda by focusing on poverty reduction,
inclusive globalization, innovation and environmental sustainability. It has worked in 29 countries
for various cluster development initiatives. The major focus has been in Africa, followed by Central
America, Asia and Latin America.

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Global Examples of Cluster Development Initiatives
Italy: Approaches to supporting regional specialisation have broadened significantly over the years. It started
of with programmes that focus on “traditional” industrial districts, which originated with the Law 317 (1991).
Article 4 of the law was particularly significant because it formalizes the concept of “consortia” between
small firms and gave prominence to the provision of collective services for groups of firms (often known as
“real services”). This led to creation of a number of real service canters.
In 1999, a new national law on industrial clusters (140/99) simplified procedures and gave more power to the
regions to develop their own strategies based on criteria that follow the national criteria but with some
flexibility. Examples of regions that have successfully developed their own plans with regional funding to
support clusters are Campania and Emilia Romagna. The Lombardia and Veneto regions have also developed
their own legislative framework to support industrial districts.
Again, “PacchettiIntegrati di Agevolazione (PIA)” Networking is part of the 2000-2006 Country Operational
Programme (Development of Local Entrepreneurship), promoted the consortia model for purchase of
services, training, etc. Besides, there are programmes that have a strong regional development dimension,
specifically programmes focusing on southern Italy. These are often co-funded through EU regional
development funds. Finally, there are a number of more recent initiatives that emphasise high growth
industries and that recognise the important regional concentration of skills and investment in these industries,
including the Technological Districts.
Canada: In Canada, the Quebec Provincial Government was the first to adopt cluster development in 1991.
They identified 14 clusters, established committees for each cluster and service centres. In 2002 Quebec
Provincial Government entrusted cluster development activities to SGF, a government holding company.
Some of the clusters which did exceedingly well included (a) Wine Cluster of Niagara, Ontario, which
promoted unique “ice wines”, winning international awards and superior ratings through cluster level
investment in advertising and marketing, (b) Silicon Valley cluster of Ottawa, whose success was linked to
unprecedented R&D spending, access to laboratories, tax credits and start–up incentives, (c) Saskatoon
Biotechnology Agriculture Cluster, etc.
Pakistan: SMEDA in collaboration with PSIC and UNIDO has started “Cluster Development Program for
SMEs in Pakistan The objective of this program is to help in developing over 7 SME clusters in various parts
of Pakistan. SMEDA is also working exclusively with UNIDO in four clusters i.e. Sports Wear Sialkot, Auto
Part Lahore, PVC Pipes & Plastic Products Lahore and Marble & Granite Rawalpindi/Islamabad.
Iran: The Iran Small Industry and Industrial Park Organization (ISIPO), with the support of UNIDO has
initiated a cluster development programme in Iran. ISIPO has initiated cluster development in 41cluster, 3 of
them by UNIDO. These are for holistic cluster development with high emphasis on capacity building and
promoting networks to go for new business development with financing support to be organized from local
sources.
Vietnam: The Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) of Vietnam has initiated with the support of
UNIDO an "SME Cluster Development" in 2009. This project will help the Enterprise Development Agency
(EDA) under MPI and selected industry associations to draw lessons from the successful experiences of Italy
and UNIDO in SME Cluster Development. The project is also an important step towards the implementation
of a number of measures under the SME Development Plan 2006-2010.
(Source: FMC Working Paper)

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Cluster Development Initiatives in the World
Cluster Development Initiatives in India:
With an estimated over 6000 clusters mapped, India has the highest number of clusters compared to
any other country across the globe. As per the 4th
All India census on MSMEs, conducted by the
Ministry of MSME (Govt. of India) in 2009, there are 26.1 million enterprises, employing 59.4
million people. The census estimate MSME sector contribution to national industrial output and
industrial export at 45 per cent and 40 per cent respectively and is responsible for 9 per cent of the
country’s gross domestic product (GDP).
It is estimated that 77 percent of all industrial MSMEs with around 72 percent of employment, 61
percent investment, 59 percent output, and about 76 percent exports of the small scale industry sector
exist in clusters in India. The following map illustrates the presence of industrial clusters in India.

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Presence of Industrial Clusters in India (Illustrative)
(Source: www.clusterobservatory.in)
While many clusters have existed for centuries and have proven to be advantageous over
enterprises outside clusters, cluster based development of MSMEs in India is not more than two and
half decades old. In late eighties to late nineties, cluster development in India was based on select
thematic areas e.g. technology/quality up-gradation, etc. often termed as technology up-gradation
(UPTECH) programmes and was initiated by financial institutions like SIDBI, State Bank of India
and the then Ministry of SSI. It was in 1996 that UNIDO conducted a study and mapped 138
clusters in the country. In the same year, the Government appointed Abid Hussain Committee
underlined the importance of promoting MSEs through clusters and also the role that can be played
by various stakeholders in that process. During the subsequent years, UNIDO also did
implementation of cluster development programmes in 7 clusters with a special emphasis on social
capital as a key strategy for cluster development. UNIDO also developed and propagated a
methodology on how to undertake cluster development keeping social capital as the central pillar.
However, it was only in 2002-03 that cluster development programmes (CDPs), especially in
traditional manufacturing, gathered noticeable momentum at the national level, with lead taken by
the Ministry of MSME and the introduction of the Small Industries Cluster Development
Programme (SICDP) scheme. The Scheme was later renamed as Micro and Small Enterprise
Cluster Development Programme (MSECDP), in the year 20061
. As mentioned above, this was
soon followed by a scheme called SFURTI and later a scheme for promoting competitiveness of
MSMEs called NMCP.
Since then the holistic cluster development programmes have gathered a noticeable momentum at
the national level. Till date more than 30 schemes/programmes have been introduced based on
cluster development by various institutions including ministries of the Central government,
1
Policy and Status Paper on Cluster Development, 2007 by FMC

Page 16
different State Governments, financial institutions, technical institutions apex business member
organization and international agencies.
Besides, there are other ministries, like Ministry of Textiles and Department of Science &
Technology that have taken up cluster development in a bigger way. Moreover, various other
government institutions like NABARD and SIDBI besides various international organizations like
DFID, GIZ and ILO have also embarked on holistic cluster based development initiatives for a
sufficiently longer duration. Industry Associations like Confederation of Indian Industries (CII)
also has supported 240 clusters (groups of enterprises not necessarily located in a local geography)
in last one decade impacting about 2500 units through its cluster initiatives.
A reliable estimate suggests that cluster development has been initiated in more than 2000 under
various cluster development programmes, mainly using Government schemes of assistance.
However, only a select few states have proactively participated in the cluster programmes using
schemes of the Central Govt. ministries while still fewer have launched their own initiatives.
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2 Learning from the
Learning from the
Learning from the
Learning from the Cluster Best Practices
Cluster Best Practices
Several cluster development initiatives by Multilateral Agencies like UNIDO, European Union,
Inter-American Development Bank, USAID, etc. and Bilateral Agencies like Ministry of MSMEs,
Ministry of Science & Technology of Government of India, SIDBI, SBI and few State
Governments like GoGujarat, GoWest Bengal &GoOdisha were reviewed and learnings were
drawn that have relevance for clusters in Madhya Pradesh. These learning have been captured in
this section and are used to suggest policy roadmap in the next section of the report.
MSMEs operate in a sectorial and regional Eco-System which has significant bearing on their
strategy and operations. The eco-system includes core enterprises, their backward and forward
linkages across the value chains, support institutions, service providers, regulators, policy makers,
international market, etc. The MSMEs do not operate in isolation and their own competitiveness
and context is influenced by the regional and sectorial ecosystems. State and Sectorial ecosystems
are groups of enterprises, related actors, and institutions that often draw productive advantages from
their linkages. Clusters arise within these ecosystems and grow because the firms within them profit
mainly from the externalities of close proximity that bring them competitive advantages, ranging
from the presence of a specialized workforce to supplier specialization and the exchange of
information, services and knowledge. However, despite having potential externalities, many such
ecosystems are facing basic competitiveness problems largely because of lack of linkages for
cooperation towards common ventures and thus are categorized as underachieving regions.
Moreover, local enterprises in such regions rarely make use of high end business development
services (BDS), support systems and institutional facilities. Left on their own, such underachieving
clusters remain trapped in a vicious cycle of price based cut-throat competition, falling profit
margins and decreasing business performance.
The level of dynamism of the eco-system plays a decisive role on the competitiveness of industry
and realization of the growth objectives. The less dynamic eco systems are characterised by no or
poor linkages between the stakeholders. As illustrated below, the dynamism of an eco-system is
directly linked by the strength of various stakeholders in the system and mutual linkages between
different stakeholders with consequential competitiveness derived from such linkages. This will
necessarily require the MSMEs to visualise their clients directly and through the lens of clusters and

Page 17
value chains linked through large buyers, OEMs, exporters, raw material providers, equipment
suppliers, assemblers, sub-contractors etc.
Underperforming Vs Performing Cluster
Characteristics of underperforming and performing clusters are as follows.
Underperforming Performing Cluster
• Weak or no inter and intra firm & other
stakeholder collaboration
• Low productivity and less competitiveness
of firm
• Weak or missing BDS linkages
• Unhealthy competition
• Poor infrastructure
• Unsustainable production practices
• High inter and intra firm & other
stakeholder collaboration and Strong
supportive Policy Environment
(Developmental and regulatory)
• Strong linkages between MSMEs with the
support institutions (Technical/ Non-
technical), suppliers, Banks, OEMs, buyers,
GVCs, etc.
• Strong BDS linkages (Existence of Market
based demand driven Strategic &
Operational Business Development Service
(BDS) providers having vibrant linkages
with MSMEs)
• Effective clustering & collaboration
between MSMEs
• State of the art infrastructure (General-
Road, railway, electricity, water, etc., and
cluster specific-Tooling, R&D, testing,
packaging, etc.)
• Sustainable production practices (Clean
technology, Waste management system)
A state’s economic performance largely depends on how the actors relate to each other as elements
of a collective eco-system of knowledge creation and diffusion. Actors such as institutions,
industry, academia, and government, along with factors such as R&D, funding, incubation,
mentoring, infrastructure, markets, and businesses, are crucial to any industrial ecosystem. The
degree and effectiveness of connectedness of these eco-system actors decides the rate or success.
To strengthen the state level industrial eco-system, coordinated efforts among regulatory &
development policy makers, enterprises & their representative bodies, service providers and banks
are important.
MSMEs in MP enjoys many industrial growth opportunities due to close proximity to Delhi,
Investment promotion through Make in India drive, development of DMIC and so on. However, it

Page 18
also faces a number of problems like sub-optimal scale of operation, technological obsolescence,
supply chain inefficiencies, increasing product commoditization, fund shortages, change in
manufacturing strategies and turbulent and uncertain market scenario. Also, the economic distress
worldwide has hugely impacted the MSME by laying-off a large number of workers due to
depressed demand, pending retrievable and squeezed credit market.
A multipronged approach and involvement of different stakeholders at State, sector and cluster
level need to be integrated in the system through coordination among stakeholders and convergence
of available development resources from different public support schemes, institutional knowledge/
capacities/ facilities and so on.
Our approach aims to align the project outputs with the larger goals of ‘Make in India – Make in
MP’, ‘Zero defect Zero Effect’, to help make MP one of the most preferred top manufacturing
destinations. We believe that to transform the existing ecosystem it is important to understand what
a Model Ecosystem looks like and what are the prevalent gaps between a model and the existing
ecosystem in MP.
Model MSME Eco-system
The primary drivers of the MSME eco-system must be the private sector actors that undertake
commercially viable decisions for provision of range of services. Besides, they must also
collaborate among themselves for issues of common good as also with the public institutions to
undertake ventures that benefit the MSME sector as a whole. The role of public institutions in the
eco-system will be limited to ensuring that fair & transparent rules are framed and that the Rule of
law is followed. Besides, the public institutions will also be engaged in healthy dialogue with the
private sector to better understand their issues and participate in select promotional measures that
are considered necessary for the overall growth of the private sector in the context of society &
environment at large.
Cluster Development is implemented through a systematic approach and its stages are not mutually
exclusive. They often overlap. In particular, the Monitoring & Evaluation is a continuous one that
cuts across Diagnostic Study, Action Plan formulation and Implementation. Similarly trust building
Business Development
Services (BDS)
Finance
• Funding through Banks, FIs
• Funding through Govt. Schemes
• Credit Rating of MSMEs
Quality
• Quality Marking Centres
• Licensing
• QMS / QTT
Skill
• Skill Development Centres
Innovation
• Technology Development Centres
• Patenting
• R & D Institutions
Market
o Strong linkages with Anchor units
(National & International level)
o E - Commerce
Infrastructure
o Physical and Support Infra
o CFCs and Tool Room
MSMEs
M
• Accounting
• Tax
• Web Designing
• Transport
• Telecom & IT
• Consultancy Raw Material/Equipment
• Repairs &
Maintenance
• Legal
• Brokering
• Computer
Services
M M
M
M
M
Lead Enterprise National &
International
Markets

Page 19
is a process that over laps all the stages. There are formal ways of building trust (workshops,
seminars, exposure visits etc.), but trust building also takes place through a range of bilateral and
informal group meetings. Trust building between the implementing agency (IA) and the cluster
stakeholders starts even during the process of diagnostic study report preparation.
Some of the Key learnings from various Cluster Initiatives are as follows.
1. Cluster initiatives are going beyond collective public good action to market development
models: Agglomerations of firms have been extensively encouraged by government
interventions. Traditionally, cluster was focused because of ease of promoting collective
actions to address various enterprise based needs, opportunities and challenges, but gradually it
is realized that, market based models even without collective actions can also be promoted
through cluster. In such cases, cluster is viewed as a potential market for service providers and
service seekers. For example, Value Chain investment promotion or BDS development to not
necessarily require collective actions, but if linkages are forged in clusters these can generate
sustainable results. For the market based models, cluster as an aggregate of enterprises is a
better option rather than targeting individual enterprises because of the benefits of scalability,
selective customization and low transaction costs.
2. Contemporary challenges are leading to new policy options in clusters: New opportunities
and challenges are emerging in the industrial development area. Some of the growing
challenges are in the areas of sustainable product designs, environment degradation, waste
material recycling and so on. At international level, European Union has a Switch Asia&
Switch Africa programme that targets sustainable production and consumption while the World
Bank funds energy efficiency initiatives through Global Environment Facility (GEF) initiatives.
At the national level, Ministry of Environment & Forest and Ministry of MSMEs support select
common initiatives that help tackle environment challenges. However, there are not enough
programmes to address these challenges. With the growing urbanisation around existing
industrial clusters, regulatory authorities and judiciary call for cluster relocation. This is fast
emerging as a significant policy challenge that is yet to be matched by a coherent and
substantive policy response. Moreover methodologies and positive case examples are yet to
emerge in this arena.
Highlights to Make the Cluster Development Successful and Sustainable
1. Strong sustainable clusters cannot be created without intensive soft interventions, unless the local
industry associations/ SPVs are strong enough to shoulder the responsibility. Sufficient soft
interventions that help deliver short and long term results ensure overcome the likely potential
resistance to change in the initial stages.
2. There is a need for developing a local cluster eco-system where inter-linkages between relevant
private and public; public and public; and private and private players across the value chain with
strong BMOs and other networks are critical for sustainability and strong outcomes.
3. Hard interventions, if required should generally follow and not be an entry point of interventions
especially in those clusters that requires building up of social capital and local institutional capacities.
4. Skilled human resources and responsive project implementing administrative structure has a
significant impact on the success/ failure of the cluster programmes. Effective leadership of the
Industry Associations/ SPVs and also competent secretarial staff to undertake day to day activities are
important

Page 20
3. Generic cluster development goals giving way to more targeted goals: Cluster development
initiatives during 1990-2000 were primarily focused on technology-intensive industries such as,
medical devices, biopharmaceuticals, leather, auto components, etc. with broad objective of
improving productivity and competitiveness of SMEs. However, during the period 2000-2010,
many changes in terms of objectives have been witnessed. Cluster initiatives were subsequently
applied for poverty alleviation, fostering business responsibility and inclusive growth by
international agencies such as UNIDO and USAID while several countries developed focused
interventions among Handlooms, Handicrafts and other rural enterprises in the informal sector.
Innovation became focus of a number of European cluster initiatives across different sectors. In
India, it is the Ministry of Science & Technology and National Innovation Council that initiated
cluster initiatives with innovation focus. With a view to ensure cross learnings and promote
commercial linkages across similar sectors in different countries, European Union and UNIDO
supported select interventions across Italy, Vietnam, India and other European countries. With
a view to support cluster branding, European Union and UNIDO undertook initiatives in
Europe, Africa and Latin America to support a range of clusters across diverse sectors with
unique products & services to offer.
4. LE/ GVC Led Cluster Development: Large / Lead Enterprise (LE) and Global Value Chain
(GVC) led supply chain help create/ strengthen the factor conditions locally for small
enterprises to come up and integrate them into the chain. Through such supply chain
opportunities, the LEs and GVCs not only give market opportunities, but during the process
they also build capacities of small enterprises through technical and non-technical measures.
There are plenty of such anecdotal evidences in industrially flourished economies in India and
across the globe viz. South East Asian economies, China, Japan where such integrations have
helped develop competitiveness of small industries.
For example, the Tiruchirapalli Engineering and Metallurgy cluster comprising of hundreds of
small enterprises as sub-contractors to local BHEL unit, has tremendously benefitted through
the supply chain arrangement and could attain excellence in fabrication. BHEL has been the
source of technology and a knowledge provider to the cluster. Similarly enterprises in Kolkata
Leather Cluster have taken a significant step towards entering an entirely new export
destination Japan with the help an international BDSP was identified to conduct a Market
Survey in Japan and link the units with the leather MSMEs. Similarly, many other Indian
clusters, like, Ludhiana Knitwear (capacity built to create their own brands), Ahmedabad
pharmaceuticals (linked with global markets, particularly in Africa/Middle East), Ambur
Footwear (created employment opportunities), Kirtinagar (Delhi) Furniture cluster (created
national as well as global markets through product specialisation) could attract many lead firms
and became globally known destinations of production. Even in the artisan products, there are
examples of Anokhi, FabIndia, Dastakar Andhra have linked themselves with handloom and
other traditional product clusters, thus linking up in national and global value chains through
their retail set up.
5. Intensive focus on limited flagship themes that generates greater results: There are various
issues that challenge a cluster at any point of time, although in varying degrees. However,
cluster development programme being a Project with a limited time span, it is very difficult to
address all kind of problems in the cluster. Hence rather than addressing a multitude of issues,
there is a need for identifying the critical issues that can be solved within the project time line

and with the given financial resources. These selected few themes are being termed as flagship
themes. Some of the cluster interventions followed the flagship theme approach and have
achieved commendable results.
6. Flexibility in implementation
development project needs flexibility. Understanding the true demand requires good trust with
the stakeholders, which is generally weak to start with in many MSME clusters. Sometimes
understanding of the exact need is weak du
and with improved level of trust. And therefore the project should have enough space to
accommodate changes in activities if required.
7. Robust System is a must
Successful Execution: Success or
failure of any project depends on four
major factors viz. 1) implementation
strategy which is a function of clear
understanding of cluster problems and
thus preparing appropriate action plan;
2) Competency of the human resources
which include both skill/ aptitud
experience; 3) Monitoring and
Evaluation of the project, which is an
integral part of the project life cycle
management and it also includes the
technical handholding by a senior
persons, may be internal or external to
the team for effective implemen
of the project and troubleshooting; 4) Systematic recording of activities, output, outcomes and
financial details which is otherwise known as Management Information System (MIS
initiatives (mostly by the private sector initiatives funded by mul
European Union-SWITCH Asia Programme, UNIDO and so on) focused on creating such
robust systems to ensure quality outcomes and its
8. Involvement of Cluster Stakeholders for
initiatives, right selection of BMO and other stakeholders were carefully done to ensure
sustainability of the interventions. Cluster Coordination Committees (CCCs) were created from
beginning which comprised of key business units, BMOs, FIs, governmen
business houses, reputed technical and financial institutions, etc. CCC vetted/ validated each
development/ initiative which included diagnostic,
stakeholders could ensure their participatio
9. Cluster information and knowledge backbone on clusters is weak
learning cost high: The cluster concept has gained increasing prominence on the agenda of
international development organiza
cluster based development have also become operational with varying objectives,
methodologies and scope, producing various results and lessons. However, there are few
platforms and sources where ev
available, particularly in the national context and more specifically in the developing country
en financial resources. These selected few themes are being termed as flagship
achieved commendable results.
Flexibility in implementation makes the action efficient: Being a demand led system any
understanding of the exact need is weak during the project beginning, which matures with time
accommodate changes in activities if required.
is a must for
Success or
e of any project depends on four
major factors viz. 1) implementation
strategy which is a function of clear
understanding of cluster problems and
thus preparing appropriate action plan;
2) Competency of the human resources
which include both skill/ aptitude and
experience; 3) Monitoring and
Evaluation of the project, which is an
integral part of the project life cycle
management and it also includes the
technical handholding by a senior
persons, may be internal or external to
the team for effective implementation
financial details which is otherwise known as Management Information System (MIS
initiatives (mostly by the private sector initiatives funded by multilateral agencies like
SWITCH Asia Programme, UNIDO and so on) focused on creating such
robust systems to ensure quality outcomes and its sustainability.
Involvement of Cluster Stakeholders for Ensuring Sustainability: In some of the clus
beginning which comprised of key business units, BMOs, FIs, government representatives, key
development/ initiative which included diagnostic, action plan (AP) etc. Involvement of these
stakeholders could ensure their participation, ownership and sustainability of the action.
Cluster information and knowledge backbone on clusters is weak and thus, making the
The cluster concept has gained increasing prominence on the agenda of
international development organizations over the last decade. A number of public schemes for
platforms and sources where evidence based learning of different cluster initiatives are readily
en financial resources. These selected few themes are being termed as flagship
Being a demand led system any
ring the project beginning, which matures with time
financial details which is otherwise known as Management Information System (MIS).The
tilateral agencies like
SWITCH Asia Programme, UNIDO and so on) focused on creating such
In some of the cluster
t representatives, key
Involvement of these
ownership and sustainability of the action.
and thus, making the
The cluster concept has gained increasing prominence on the agenda of
tions over the last decade. A number of public schemes for
idence based learning of different cluster initiatives are readily

Page 22
context. The cluster specific experiences and learnings from these initiatives is the least
available. At international level, ‘The Competitiveness Institute’ (TCI) based in Barcelona has
helped bridge this gap through its regular series of seminars and e-based learning platform.
10. Un-standardised Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) frameworks making it difficult to
draw learnings: Despite a range of cluster initiatives and with high level of investment on
cluster initiatives, cluster initiatives remain challenged by the lack of robust M&E framework.
One of the challenges pertains to the lack of base lines to capture before and after effect while
relying on anecdotal evidences. Second the process of interventions and their effect is often
ignored while tracking the progress. Third, many of these initiatives have an impact that goes
beyond the project duration that gets missed out for capturing with the project cycle. The
practitioners therefore miss out from taking corrective actions during the ongoing process while
policy makers miss out on the expected benchmarks of outcomes and redesigning of future
initiatives. New tools need to be evolved that can help measure impact and make initiatives
accountable. Such M&E frameworks need to be designed at cluster level, scheme/programme
level, and policy level.
Based on the Key learning from various cluster initiatives globally, it was realized that there is few
major challenges which need to be addressed from grass root level, hence need for a dedicated
agency to plan, manage &implement the same was realized. Also further this agency should work
more comprehensively in convergence with other departments to address few priority segments.
With this lookout we have drafted the state cluster policy roadmap and identified few programmes
which can be adopted by the DoMSME to address cluster challenges through this dedicated agency.

Chapter Three:
Chapter Three:
Chapter Three:
Chapter Three: Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh Cluster
Cluster
Cluster
Cluster Scenario
Scenario
Scenario
Scenario
3.1 State Cluster
3.1 State Cluster
3.1 State Cluster
3.1 State Cluster scenario
scenario
scenario
scenario
As mentioned above Madhya Pradesh is one of the states where Cluster Development is yet to be
taken-off visibly and therefore a study was conducted to understand the reason behind less success
of cluster development and constraints faced by entrepreneurs in the state. The map below indicates
some of the potential clusters in the state.
Experience shows that the types of challenges faced by clusters are mostly common across all the
states. Some of these commonly surfaced challenges are summarised below. The Diagnostic
Studies undertaken with an objective to understand the scenario in the state also validate these
challenges.
What are the types of challenges that a cluster initiative can address?
Availability of adequate and timely credit, collateral requirement and high cost
Procurement of quality raw materials at a competitive cost
Problems of storage, designing, packaging and product display
Lack of access to global markets
Inadequate infrastructure facilities, including power, water, roads, etc.
Low technology levels and lack of access to modern technology

Page 24
Clusters in the state are not being able to exhaust the full opportunities from the various cluster
development program and initiatives taken by Central/State Government. The following reasons
were found while discussing with the stakeholders of each clusters during the Diagnostic Studies:
• Lack of knowledge about the Cluster Development Program [CDP] schemes which may be
relevant for the cluster
• Less understanding of cluster development procedures such as formation of SPV,
establishment of CFC etc.
• Lack of trust amongst stakeholders and hence failing the basic objective of cluster.
• Lack of motivation due to long and complicated process involved in implementation of
CDP schemes
• Cumbersome bureaucratic procedures in project approvals
• Financial constraints like access to credit, collaterals etc.
• Despite the important role of state/ regional authority, most initiatives to encourage
MSMEs to adopt CDP approach are based on implementation on national level. Even when
there are state or regional initiatives, their effectiveness is limited by restricted
administrative capacity such as funding or human resource
The specific findings from Diagnostic Study Report are mentioned below which substantiate the
needs of interventions from the State government.
3.2 Key Learning
3.2 Key Learning
3.2 Key Learning
3.2 Key Learnings from DSR
s from DSR
s from DSR
s from DSR
I. Capacity Building awareness creation:
At present majority of clusters are not prepared to take up collective action due to lack of
awareness and trust amongst the cluster stake holders and weak inter/ intra link networking.
The first and foremost requirement is therefore awareness creation on the demand
and supply side that would then create stimulus to seek linkages for harnessing the
potential.
II. Raw Material Bank:
Raw material bank would aid in the bulk purchase of indigenous and imported raw
materials plus lower the transportation costs. This help the entrepreneurs in focusing on the
manufacture of better quality products/ high value added products, both for domestic and
international markets. The Raw Material Assistance Scheme of National Small Industries
Corporation (NSIC) caters to enterprises that have these requirements.
In case of Ujjain Plastic Cluster, 50% of the cluster uses reprocessed granules whose
product quality is very poor and make non-food use household articles such as
buckets/mugs, 30% use virgin materials for household use such as crockery or industrial
packaging and the rest use a mix of both for low cost use. In order to upgrade their markets
from the current to the Big Bazar chains, the products manufactured should be made of
100% virgin material which is more expensive than the reprocessed granules. Here the state
government support is required.

Page 25
III. Infrastructure and space requirements:
MSMEs Clusters required a better infrastructure support not only with basic amenities but
also deals with environmental issues. Many of MSMEs looking forward for their expansion
but lack of space / land is a major hurdle for them.
IV. Quality assurance certification:
MSMEs are not able to perform into their capacity due to quality issues. In the global
competitive market MSMEs should take steps to ensure the quality of products and get it
certified from concerning authority. In Ujjain Plastic Cluster, currently all the units are
producing almost the same range of products and supplying to the similar low cost/low
quality markets. Units supply to the local/regional markets in tier 3 cities and in villages
where there is no demand for high quality and where there is good volume. The cluster is
complacent to supply to these markets targeting higher quality markets involves increase in
investment by 50-200% (for machinery and raw material). This has made their operations
limited to local markets and they are not able to expand their market base in global arena.
In case of Indore Pharmaceutical cluster, 80% of the cluster caters to low profit market,
highly competitive, “unregulated” markets as they do not have WHO-GMP quality
certification. The cluster survival is threatened as the unregulated market is shrinking
Recognising the threat of not having the certification is an important step in taking
measures to implement it. This can be done through Capacity building programme for the
association member through exposure visits to benchmarked clusters like Ahmedabad
Cluster.
V. Skilled Human Resource:
Clusters are facing the problem of shortage of skilled human resource. Units are forced to
incur the cost of training poorly skilled, fresh graduates on the job as the current formal
learning has more theoretically oriented which does not help the local units. In general
there is are significant skill gaps in the existing workforce to work on the new technology.
A special drive is required to introduce more and more short term and long term program as
per skill set competencies required by the MSMEs in the state.
VI. Business development Support services
It was found that the Clusters are facing problems due to weak backward forward
linkages. For example, in case of Jabalpur Namkeen cluster, the Cluster were facing
problem due to non availability of technical institute or testing laboratory for determining
the quality of raw material. This is kind of weak backward linkage. This hinders their
growth prospect and hence intervention through Business Development Support services is
recommended. It is important to understand the supply and value chain segment for the
cluster to understand the services required under BDS program.
VII. Technology up gradation:
Requirement of Production technology, product design, product quality, awareness about
the market scope besides management information system is felt for MSME sector.
Industries are not well aware of new technology in their sector or less interested in
innovation. That leads to poor quality of products or obsolete in due times. Action need to

Page 26
be taken to remove obstacles to firm- level learning of best practices technology and
innovation management must take into account the different needs of the various types of
cluster.
VIII. Market access:
Marketing activities are increasingly undertaken through physical and/or virtual
aggregators by bigger players who are able to invest into required high end IT platforms,
branding, customer service systems, market research and also achieve required high
physical volumes. The awareness about harnessing of this potential is lacking among the
MSME clusters. Majority of MSMEs units do retailing in the local market segment due to
either their production capacity or product quality and inability to reach national /
international market. However, they can enhance their business and profitability by
targeting mid and high income market segment where they can reach out through
intermediary organisations/ wholesalers/ traders.
IX. Support of Local Authority concerning Regulations:
The regional and local authorities' plays a very important role in the development of
MSMEs and economic development at territorial level also helps to improve governance
and create a supportive and friendly environment for MSMEs development.
Based on the key learning and understanding about the state social and economic condition,
few programs are suggested in the subsequent chapter.

Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
4
4
4
4.1
.1
.1
.1 Objective time framework
Objective time framework
The State Cluster Policy is envisaged to contribute to sustainable development by improving the
competitiveness of MSMEs and enhance
will contribute to (1) Increased sustainable economic growth (2) New businesses and job creation,
and (3) Employment retention.
The time frame for the suggested policy will be five years (2017
a perspective of 10 years where the first five years will focus on incubation, piloting and
successfully completing select cluster initiatives, while the next five years should aim to scale up
the cluster initiatives to cover most of the clusters in the state.
4
4
4
4.2 Fundamental elements of the Cluster Development Programme Design
.2 Fundamental elements of the Cluster Development Programme Design
There are eight fundamental elements for designing the cluster policy as mentioned below.
Scope of convergence: There is a need to optimize
efforts through inter-sectoral approaches and
synergisation of different government programmes
and schemes in terms of planning, process and
implementation. The programme should be able to
address different development issues of MSME
development to tackle social, e
environmental challenges.
Beneficiaries-led, need-based and flexible
implementation: Participation of beneficiaries in
the developmental process allowing them to
influence/contribute in designing, implementing and
monitoring according to their own local need.
Scope of resource augmentation:
augmentation in planning process can have
significant impact on the developmental process.
Resource augmentation here refers implementation of the developmental programmes through
Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) reallocating existing resources to accomplish the actions
developed as part of the plans.
Monitoring and evaluation: Rigorous Monitoring and Evaluation (ME) system should be able to
provide the information needed to assess and guide the program
operations/implementation and inform future programming.
Institutional support: There is a need for a co
mechanism for maximizing results of the various initiatives taken by th
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter Four
Four
Four
Four:
:
:
: Policy Road map for
Policy Road map for
Policy Road map for
Policy Road map for
Government
Government
Government
Government of MP
of MP
of MP
of MP
Cluster Policy is envisaged to contribute to sustainable development by improving the
competitiveness of MSMEs and enhance employment opportunities. More specifically, the policy
olicy will be five years (2017-22). The policy will however have
st of the clusters in the state.
There is a need to optimize
sectoral approaches and
synergisation of different government programmes
and schemes in terms of planning, process and
implementation. The programme should be able to
address different development issues of MSME
development to tackle social, economic,
based and flexible
Participation of beneficiaries in
the developmental process allowing them to
influence/contribute in designing, implementing and
local need.
Scope of resource augmentation: Resource
augmentation in planning process can have
significant impact on the developmental process.
ship (PPP) reallocating existing resources to accomplish the actions
Rigorous Monitoring and Evaluation (ME) system should be able to
provide the information needed to assess and guide the programme strategy, ensure effective
operations/implementation and inform future programming.
There is a need for a co-ordinated and comprehensive institutional support
mechanism for maximizing results of the various initiatives taken by the different organs of
Sustainabile
Growth
Scope of
Convergence
Monitoring and
Evaluation
Institutional
Support
Risk Sharing
Mechanisms
Enabling legal
framework
Policy Road map for
Policy Road map for
Policy Road map for
Policy Road map for
of MP
of MP
of MP
of MP
Cluster Policy is envisaged to contribute to sustainable development by improving the
specifically, the policy
he policy will however have
ship (PPP) reallocating existing resources to accomplish the actions
Rigorous Monitoring and Evaluation (ME) system should be able to
me strategy, ensure effective
ordinated and comprehensive institutional support
e different organs of
Sustainabile
Growth
Beneficiary led
need-based
implementation
Scope of resource
augmentation
Innovation and
Research

government. This institutional support also needs to be extended to the point of delivery with
appropriate structures at the cluster level.
Risk sharing mechanisms: MSMEs may face disproportionately higher levels of vulnerability
risks due to their size, informality and lack of requisite skills to deal with business challenges.
Therefore, various risk-sharing mechanisms (viz., incentivized, subsidized and equity based) within
a well-designed programme can help sustenance and growth.
Enabling Legal and regulatory frameworks:
provisions affect the MSE sector where disparities between policies and programmes do not support
the developmental planning process. Therefore, enabling environmen
legal framework need to be ensured where MSMEs can sustain and grow.
Innovation, Research and Development:
encourages out of box thinking, innovations and enables the innovatio
innovators. Such inputs at aggregated level sectorally and geographically can be meaningfully
deployed for healthy outreach and absorption. This is however only feasible if the coordinating
public institutions themselves are wi
applying the learnt lessons back to further work.
4
4
4
4.3 Cluster Mapping and Selection
.3 Cluster Mapping and Selection
There is currently no database of clusters in the state of Madhya Pradesh that is available to the
DoMSME and other public and private sector stakeholders. In the absence of this database, it is not
possible for convergence of resources that are available with diverse range of stakeholders.
Moreover, the selection of clusters, goal setting, prioritisation of suppor
requirements for implementation of cluster initiatives and monitoring of progress thereupon without
appropriate structures at the cluster level.
MSMEs may face disproportionately higher levels of vulnerability
s due to their size, informality and lack of requisite skills to deal with business challenges.
sharing mechanisms (viz., incentivized, subsidized and equity based) within
designed programme can help sustenance and growth.
Enabling Legal and regulatory frameworks: Sometimes the legal and regulatory structures and
the developmental planning process. Therefore, enabling environment that supports appropriate
legal framework need to be ensured where MSMEs can sustain and grow.
Innovation, Research and Development: This is essential to understand whether the scheme
encourages out of box thinking, innovations and enables the innovation ecosystem to encourage the
public institutions themselves are willing and open to experimentation, learning, sharing and
applying the learnt lessons back to further work.
ther public and private sector stakeholders. In the absence of this database, it is not
Moreover, the selection of clusters, goal setting, prioritisation of support requirements, budget
MSMEs may face disproportionately higher levels of vulnerability
s due to their size, informality and lack of requisite skills to deal with business challenges.
sharing mechanisms (viz., incentivized, subsidized and equity based) within
Sometimes the legal and regulatory structures and
t that supports appropriate
This is essential to understand whether the scheme
n ecosystem to encourage the
lling and open to experimentation, learning, sharing and
ther public and private sector stakeholders. In the absence of this database, it is not
t requirements, budget

Page 29
such a database is not feasible. It is therefore critical to build a sound database of clusters that fall
under the domain of DoMSME. The following two subsections below provide a framework of how
mapping of clusters in the state can be done and how selection of clusters needs to be made.
4.3.1 Cluster mapping: Cluster is a concept that is not bound in a legal definitional framework in
India or any other states. Clusters are defined differently across countries and even states within a
country based on sectoral variations, socio-economic context and varied objectives that the cluster
initiatives are expected to serve. Clusters need to be necessarily defined by the ‘product/service
range’ and their ‘geographies’. Other supplementary information inputs of the clusters such as
number of enterprises, employment, production output etc. are required not only for selection of
clusters for implementation but also for the purpose of monitoring growth over time. Such
information is also useful to facilitate possibilities of cluster to cluster collaborations. Once the
necessary and supplementary parameters are defined, cluster mapping is the process of
identification of all such clusters that qualify as per that definition. The primary basis of cluster
identification is the size or quantum, but not the extent of cooperation, existence of specific
institutions and degree of inter-linkages that a cluster may demonstrate. Such information however
is not readily available from secondary sources in most of the states in India. This calls for a
methodology that stands on two pillars of
(i) Zooming in from available macro information to identify possible clusters and
(ii) A simultaneous process of iterative validation from the primary sources of information with
in the likely clusters.
The ‘zooming in’ approach reflects a movement from profiling the state economy in the given
socio-political context to that of the specific sector from which clusters need to be identified. The
iterative approach reflects a process oriented technique to arrive at the final output of identified
clusters using secondary and primary sources of information alternatively to cross-check and
validate the outputs obtained from different sources. This process based approach helps to enhance
the degree of confidence not only about the degree of authenticity but also usefulness for the
purpose of cluster identification. Some countries have used only statistical methods for mapping of
clusters with different contexts and varying objectives.
However in most of the developing country contexts where secondary information is neither
authentic nor updated, reliance on primary information is considered essential to bring out the key
elements of cluster information. There are often a large number of unregistered and informal
enterprises without authentic records available about their number and typology of enterprises thus
necessitating primary information collection and intelligent estimation of the cluster contours.
The 4 major steps suggested in the methodology of mapping are:
Step I: Profiling the sector and identifying the key sub-sectors and profiles of their growth:
The expected outputs of this step are to gauge the current and potential significance of the key
sectors in the state economy in terms of its economic output, estimated number of enterprises,
employment and major inter-sectoral linkages. An overall understanding of the broad social and
political setting in which the sector may be placed in is useful to profile the context.
Step II: Validating, gap plugging and reworking of the sectoral profile: Validation, seeking
clarifications, plugging of gaps and reworking of the profile based on further information will
require meeting knowledgeable people targeted selectively and thereafter based on some references
in the field.

Page 30
Step III: Profiling the sub-sectors/ sectoral products and identifying the key potential
locations: Sectors are usually classified on the basis of 2-digit classification system that include
areas such as textile clothing, food food products, wood wooden products, ceramics, leather
leather products, engineering, chemicals plastics. However, most of the clusters engage in
manufacture and supply of products services that are far more deeply specialised and could only
be captured on 4, 5 or 6 digit classification or a combination of these. The complexity of capturing
clusters from available statistical information base becomes clear by the fact that there is no
uniformity about the level of digital classification that could uniformly capture all the clusters.
While some cluster products may be captured on 4-digit, others may be captured on 5 or 6 digit
level. Moreover, cluster enterprises do not establish themselves in different locations on the basis of
statistical classification. Indeed a cluster could comprise of several products that originate from
multiple sectors and different levels of classification.
Step IV: Validating, gap plugging and reworking cluster profiles: Most often the information
that is thus obtained from different institutions regarding clusters will however be estimates that
may not necessarily match fully with one another. In the face of such anomalies, it is therefore
important to iron out the gaps based upon interviews with key persons. These interviews are likely
to be open-ended but with a focus to close the gaps or else find explanatory variables to reconcile
the varied information. A quick mapping of the relevant value chains in relation to the products/
sub-sectors in question is a reliable way to cross check the authenticity of the estimates provided by
the associations/ agencies both from the input side (raw material other inputs) and market end
(major buyers and their volume of sourcing).
4.3.2 Cluster selection: There are three ways of cluster selection viz. self-selection system and top
down selection system or a combination of the two. In the self-selection system against a given call
for proposals, any group of enterprises from a cluster can submit a proposal by giving details as per
the required call and justification to seek selection. This is the most popular system of cluster
selection that ensures high degree of proactivity from among the cluster stakeholders who seek to
be selected. On the other side is the top down selection system where the policy makers may
depending on the priorities undertake cluster selection based on select criteria. A combination of
both the ways viz. self-selection and top down selection system is also possible. The below
mentioned table provides some of the criteria that has been used for cluster selection by UNIDO
since 1996.
Primary data required for cluster selection
1 Does the cluster have a minimum critical mass?
• Number of enterprises, enterprise distribution (large/medium/small)
• Estimated turnover of broad groups
• Contribution to employment (men and women) and income
• Contribution to exports
• Importance of product in the chain
• Sales trends
• Seasonal/mainstay activities

Page 31
2 Location of cluster
• Within a city/village/linkage with nearby cities/villages (if executing agency has a
specific rural/urban mandate)
• Presence of support enterprises and service providers
3 Replicability
• Size of the industry, number of similar clusters
• Linkage with other clusters at that location
4 Social and environmental conditions
• Sketchy profile of typical owners/managers, and workers and of their economic
status
• Average yearly earnings (man/woman) of workers/unit owners
• Drudgery in activity, if any
• Pollution related issues
• Legal issue related to quality
5. Viability
• What are the prospects of upgrading production technology?
• Does the product has a future in current national/global settings?
• Main markets (geographical, consumer segments)
• Major threats
• Stage of product in the product life cycle
• Value chain position
6 Promotability
• Have enterprises undertaken product upgrading or diversification, explored new
markets, made technological innovations, invested significantly in or updated
equipment, etc.
• Does the birth rate of enterprises substantially exceed to closure rate?
• How sensitive are enterprises to major issues that are bothering them?
7. Complementarity
• Potential for complementing other development initiatives
• Scope for value addition of a support project
4
4
4
4.4
.4
.4
.4 Cluster Development Implementation Stages
Cluster Development Implementation Stages
The implementation process begins after the cluster has been selected for intervention. The three
stages that are commonly followed are cluster diagnostic study preparation, undertaking of soft
interventions and finally hard interventions if need be. However since most of the existing cluster
development schemes instituted by the various ministries of the Govt. of India are targeted for hard
interventions for setting up of common cluster facilities and for industrial parks, the possible
conclusion of cluster development implementation at the stage of soft interventions is commonly
not understood among the states and beneficiary groups of enterprises. An illustration of the
commonly understood and followed stages is given as under:

The mobilisation of the cluster stakeholders is undertaken by an external implementing agency,
often termed as IA which can be govt. body or an NGO or consulting organisation appo
nodal department. Mobilisation is required to undertake a detailed diagnostic study since it needs to
be a multi-stakeholder consultation process with active support of local DIC offices, BMOs, key
cluster buyers, select sample of MSMEs, business
other commercial service providers. The diagnostic study covers mapping of the relevant business
processes of the clusters e.g. manufacturing process, technology, marketing, quality control, testing,
purchase, outsourcing etc. in order to find out the strengths, weakness, threats and opportunities of
the cluster. Through the diagnostic study the major problems and impediments of the cluster are to
be identified and a well-planned course of action drawn out in order
sustaining growth.
The diagnostic study report also includes the validated action plan, cost estimates for implementing
the action plan and performance indicators and milestones for evaluation of the projects. If funding
is required from Govt. of India schemes, the diagnostic studies are required to be prepared in line
with the guidelines of the respective schemes. If there is perceived a need for common facility or an
industrial park, then an exercise of preparing technica
Project Report (DPR) will need to be undertaken as per the indicative guidelines and the prescribed
formats of the relevant schemes of assistance. The technical inputs w.r.t. project components,
machinery, costs etc. need to be accumulated by forming Joint working groups involving industry,
machinery suppliers, DIC officials etc. A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) is legally constituted
under most of the Govt. of India schemes of assistance for implementation. The S
participating MSMEs that are willing to put their partial stake in the project and manage the
implementation process.
Diagnostic
study (DS):
•Implementation of the cluster
participatory manner. Such information
and support mechanisms available,
The Diagnostic study can ideally
external agency or the cluster
and prioritisation of key action
Action plan:
•This list of activities drawn up
of cluster stakeholders starts
relationships among the stakeholders
cluster as a whole in a set
collaboration. Action Plan is made
Soft
Intervention:
•Activities which are targeted
physical structures are called
stakeholders, stronger institutions
Hard
Intervention
•Activities on creating tangible
activities, if required, are necessarily
comprising of private sector
resources is contributed by the
often termed as IA which can be govt. body or an NGO or consulting organisation appo
stakeholder consultation process with active support of local DIC offices, BMOs, key
cluster buyers, select sample of MSMEs, business development service providers (BDSPs) and
ourcing etc. in order to find out the strengths, weakness, threats and opportunities of
planned course of action drawn out in order to support the cluster for self
s required from Govt. of India schemes, the diagnostic studies are required to be prepared in line
industrial park, then an exercise of preparing technically feasible and financially viable Detailed
etc. need to be accumulated by forming Joint working groups involving industry,
under most of the Govt. of India schemes of assistance for implementation. The SPV is led by the
cluster development initiative starts by gathering information about the
information includes constraints faced by the stakeholders, untapped potential,
available, etc. The participatory process helps to build initial trust with the
ideally be done by the stakeholders themselves, by support institutions
cluster stakeholders can hire any consultant to conduct the DS. The DS leads
action areas over a given time frame
up generally for a year which is more than the sum total of demands from
starts with inputs from the diagnostic study and trust building. It is a roadmap
stakeholders while delivering visible results. It is also an attempt to embody
of short term and medium term activities that can be implemented
made annually and reviewed for changes for the next year’s action plan
targeted toward developing capacities, skills, linkages, etc. and are not tangible
called soft interventions. Such activities often lead to creation of better
institutions and thus may create ground for hard interventions if required.
tangible hard infrastructure like Common Facility Centres (CFC) are called hard
necessarily owned and run by a specialised legally constituted special
member stakeholders with partial contribution drawn from themselves
the government through existing schemes of assistance.
often termed as IA which can be govt. body or an NGO or consulting organisation appointed by
stakeholder consultation process with active support of local DIC offices, BMOs, key
development service providers (BDSPs) and
ourcing etc. in order to find out the strengths, weakness, threats and opportunities of
to support the cluster for self-
s required from Govt. of India schemes, the diagnostic studies are required to be prepared in line
lly feasible and financially viable Detailed
etc. need to be accumulated by forming Joint working groups involving industry,
PV is led by the
the cluster in a strongly
potential, local linkages
the local stakeholders.
institutions like DICs or by any
leads to a shared vision
from the different groups
roadmap that will help foster
embody the vision for the
implemented through stakeholder
plan.
tangible in the form of
better level trust among
hard intervention. These
purpose vehicle (SPV)
themselves. A greater share of

Page 33
4
4
4
4.5
.5
.5
.5 How will the cluster initiatives be managed?
How will the cluster initiatives be managed?
The cluster initiatives in several cluster locations need to be coordinated by the nodal department-
DoMSME that will need to allocate funds through an appropriately designed scheme of assistance,
setting up of cluster information management system, bridging of training capacity building
requirements within the department as also among key stakeholders and establishment of MSME
facilitation centres. The entire process of cluster initiatives must be managed by a Cluster
Programme Support Agency (CPSA).
As we know, the problems and challenges by MSMEs are multi-faceted encompassing social,
economic and environmental areas, and therefore there is a need for integrated support that can
be ensured with convergence of development schemes of assistance and coordination of
relevant stakeholders. There is a need to optimize efforts through inter-sectoral approaches and
synergies between different government schemes in terms of ensuring their reach and benefits to
the target industry stakeholders.
To draw up learning from existing practices and suggest an appropriate structure for CPSA, attempt
was made to study various cluster development initiatives by state as well as central departments/
ministries and also by the private stakeholders. However it was found that, there are a very few
examples of Cluster Project Management Cells/ Units (PMCs/ PMUs) by Industry Departments in
States like West Bengal, Odisha, Karnataka and at the KVIC, Coir board, etc. at the central level.
But, none of these models are based on multi-departments and multi stakeholders driven initiatives
envisioned to execute industrial development with collective efforts. In these existing examples,
typically a PMC or PMU is a dedicated team for designing and implementing of cluster
development initiative under a particular department. The teams take care of identifying potential
clusters for intervention, conduct Diagnostic Studies, prepare action strategies, and undertake
execution directly or through Implementing Agencies (IAs). Sometimes such PMCs/PMUs are
external agencies (E.g.-in WB Odisha, PMCs are agencies like FMC, EDII, EY, etc.) and
sometimes they are in-house team (E.g.- Coir Board and KVIC have in-house PMC for
implementing SFURTI programme). However, they lack convergence with other departments/
stakeholders in the industry ecosystem.
Nevertheless, there are few experiential learning's from European Union (EU) and United Nations
Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) funded projects, where multidepartment efforts
could make the initiative effective/ impact making and sustainable. The EU has created a global
platform of www.clusterobservatory.eu in this regard. Moreover it has given specialised tasks (e.g.
cluster mapping, cluster score board, training, organisation mapping, etc.) to various specialised
agencies to ensure scaling up of cluster development initiatives globally. Similarly, UNIDO had
created agencies who can continue providing institutional support for cluster development after its
initiation pilots. For example, FMC in India is an offshoot of such initiative of UNIDO, who keeps
on creating knowledge repository and also provide institutional support in India and also in many
other underdeveloped and developing economies.
Project based learning from multi-stakeholder engagement can also be drawn from a EU funded
initiative by the ‘Casa de la, India’ of Spain in collaboration with Tourism Department, Municipal
Corporation, Department of Industry, Centre for Heritage Management and many other key state
holders in the state industrial ecosystem initiated a collective effort to develop the Heritage, culture
and creative industry in the State of Gujarat. The ‘Cultural Heritage Management Venture Lab’

Page 34
(http://www.ahmedabadheritagecluster.com/en/venture-lab) created under the project is a
permanent body (private-public) to promote new policies, create new cultural industries in the
heritage sector and thus contribute to economic growth, preserve heritage, and improve social
awareness and livelihood in the inner cities of Gujarat.
Drawing quick learning from these examples and based on our assessment of the context in MP, it
is proposed that, the CPSA will be an inter-departmental body set-up under the purview of Chief
Minister and will be anchored by the Department of MSME. The stakeholders in the CPSA will
be drawn from various key departments and private stakeholders who are relevant for the cluster
development initiatives and ensure a clear division of roles and responsibilities. CPSA will be
envisioned to promote cluster development in the state by ensuring cooperation among different
departments and achieving collaboration amongst various agencies. CPSA work towards
stakeholder alignment, strategy development execution, all of which require skills as well as
subject knowledge. Generally no single department can provide all the required support services,
development process management skills and the subject knowledge and thus CPSA will bring
together combined capabilities of partner organizations and stakeholders.
CPSA being a body dedicated to the cluster development cause will develop institutional memory
which is currently weak in the Government departments where frequent changes of staff and also
their responsibilities. Moreover with the lack of systems to transfer knowledge and capacities make
leakages in the institutional memory of the departments. CPSA will create a repository of tools/
techniques, process guides and knowledge/ information about the clusters and interventions.
Moreover it will also house a system to train and create capacities among the field level
implementers.
A list of such partner agencies is captured in the following table under two headings of Core and
Non-core members.
Cluster Programme Support Agency (CPSA).
Table 3: List of Stakeholders of CPSA
Stakeholders Core (Administrative Advisory) Non-Core (Only Advisory)
I. Government Bodies
Developmental State Government Departments:
• Department of MSME, GoMP
• Department of Industry
Commerce
• MSME-Dis
• State Science Technology
Department
State Government Institutions:
• AIGGPA
Financial Institutions:
• Banks (Public Sector Bank with
MSME development mandates,
like-SIDBI)
• Department of Urban
Development Housing
• Sector Development Corporations
(e.g. textiles, etc. if any)
• State Livelihood Mission
• Lead/ Large Firms (Public Sector
e.g. BHEL, etc.)
• Technical Institutes/ Universities
(NIFT, Bhopal NIT, etc.)
Regulatory • MP Pollution Control Board
(MPSPCB)
• Department of Revenue

II. Private Bodies
Development
Organisations
Commercial
Entities
Others
Very often departments and other key stakeholders find it difficult to reach out to the indus
directly for executing their schemes and promotional measures. CP
but will also enable them to find potential convergence with other member stakeholders
implement programmes jointly. For example, if a Financial In
based financing, can collaborate with the cluster development initiative by DoMSME or any other
department or sectoral body and create financing systems in the target clusters. This type of
collaboration will be mutually beneficial
individual autonomy.
A broad organogram of the proposed CPSA and its mandates have been illustrated in the following
figure.
• NGOs
• Financial Institutions (Banks
NBFCs)
• Lead/ Large Firms (Pvt. Sector)
• State Level Associations,
Chamber of Commerce
Industry
Very often departments and other key stakeholders find it difficult to reach out to the indus
directly for executing their schemes and promotional measures. CPSA will not only give that
enable them to find potential convergence with other member stakeholders
implement programmes jointly. For example, if a Financial Institution wants to undertake cluster
y beneficial for the partnering organisation without losing their
Financial Institutions (Banks
Lead/ Large Firms (Pvt. Sector)
State Level Associations,
Chamber of Commerce
Very often departments and other key stakeholders find it difficult to reach out to the industries
A will not only give that access
enable them to find potential convergence with other member stakeholders and
stitution wants to undertake cluster
without losing their

Page 36
While the field level execution of the cluster development initiatives will be done through the
Facilitation Centres (FCs) housed within the District Industry Centres (DICs) under the
administrative control of DoMSME (details given in the following section), the FCs will get
knowledge and Technical Advisory (TA) support from the CPSA. The TA support includes
information about schemes, training and handholding support for implementation of the cluster
development programme and various schemes, get access to BDS market, FIs, Technical
Institutions and so on. In short, CPSA will provide all the need based support to the FCs and make
them enablers of cluster development initiatives with in the cluster and regions.
4.5.1 Designing of appropriate scheme of assistance for clusters and fund allocation
Cluster development initiatives in Madhya Pradesh have not delivered substantive results so far.
Primary reasons being lack of understanding of the concept of clusters and its implementation
process. There has been dependence on GoI schemes of assistance that have a limited mandate to
support common infrastructure facilities without first building the foundation of mutual trust
cooperation and institutional structures in the clusters. Govt. of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP) will
therefore need to undertake a range of preparatory initiatives at the state level to reach a common
framework of understanding not only within the government but also among the key non-
governmental stakeholders including BMOs, lead buyers (wherever relevant) and other commercial
service providers. GoMP will also need to institute a scheme of assistance to clusters where funds
can be allocated to kick-start the process of building the foundations of social capital riding on
successes of low hanging fruits, thus strengthening the eco system to take up more capital intensive
and long term initiatives. There are few schemes of assistance from the Govt. of India that are
meant for building the foundations in the state and therefore the entire fund requirement for the
same will need to come from within the state budget. Only if and when common facilities are
required to be built in select clusters, the existing national cluster schemes of various ministries can
be harnessed for the same.
4.5.2 Cluster information management system (CIMS)
Considering the fact that cluster mapping will throw up information about several clusters, this
information needs to be made available to the various stakeholders that are likely to be engaged
along the various implementation stages illustrated above. A list of more than 4500 clusters has
been compiled on www.clusterobservatory.org. This list is however incomplete. There is also a
large repository of knowledge material in the form of text and audio visual formats is made
available on this portal. Besides a compendium based on a well-researched compilation of more
than 200 relevant public support schemes has been prepared by the Foundation for MSME Clusters
(FMC) and is made available there. Detailed information about the schemes in easily searchable
system has been developed using filters that does not unnecessarily make MSMEs spend time
identifying the most relevant schemes suited to them. It is suggested that a similar cluster
information management system will need to be created specific to the requirements of Madhya
Pradesh that should provide information about clusters in Madhya Pradesh, various cluster
initiatives undertaken in the state and learnings of various cluster initiatives. The CIMS should also
become a repository of the progress made under various cluster initiatives and should be housed
and managed by the CPSA. The online IT based CIMS is expected to serve as a monitoring
evaluation platform for sanctioned projects and thus contribute to their timely implementation. A
suggested framework for Monitoring Evaluation is separately provided subsequently in this
chapter.

4.5.3 Training capacity building needs
While providing the above mentioned services, it will be ensured that the capacities of BMOs, DICs
and service providers are adequately built to ensure sustainability during and beyond the cluster
intervention design period. A specific set of training capacity building programmes will be
undertaken for the industry
association leaders and their
secretariats to build competencies and
help them draw up a road map for
them to be implemented over
subsequent years. Linkages need to be
built with the strategic BDS
providers, banks, government
schemes and relevant institutions for
the BMOs to be able to help leverage
their initiatives drawn up
collaboratively in the BMO road map.
Similarly the cluster initiatives will
also enable the DICs and private stake holders to learn from new range of initiatives that they will
be a part of, thus enabling them to undertake similar
compendium of various training needs is elaborated separately in the roll out plan in subsequent
sections.
4.5.4 Establishment of MSME Facilitation Centres anchored in DICs
In order to facilitate cluster
development process and
engagement of various local
stakeholders among different
clusters in every district, a
physical platform is also
necessary since most of the
BMOs do not have the physical
facilities for the same. However
the MSME Facilitation Centres
will not be an exclusive preserve
of the DICs but should provide a
spring board for several other
stakeholders including BMOs,
Lead enterprises, Banks,
Suppliers and BDSPs to draw
upon and set up their own
systems to engage with one
another. For the MSMEs to
prosper, a model ecosystem must
lead to vibrant linkages among
different stakeholders to realize
their potential. The Facilitation
Centres are expected to alleviate
general problems related to doing
business. An illustrative range of challenges that these
figure.
Capacity
Building
DICs
BMOs MSMEs
Providers
4.5.3 Training capacity building needs
e providers are adequately built to ensure sustainability during and beyond the cluster
undertaken for the industry
association leaders and their
build competencies and
help them draw up a road map for
them to be implemented over
subsequent years. Linkages need to be
built with the strategic BDS
providers, banks, government
schemes and relevant institutions for
the BMOs to be able to help leverage
heir initiatives drawn up
collaboratively in the BMO road map.
Similarly the cluster initiatives will
be a part of, thus enabling them to undertake similar initiatives beyond the project duration. A
4.5.4 Establishment of MSME Facilitation Centres anchored in DICs
business. An illustrative range of challenges that these centres can help alleviate are given
Dis-ease of Doing
Business
Lack of Awareness
about Govt.
Schemes/Incentives
among MSMEs
Lack of awareness
about potential buyers,
their requirement and
Complicated processes
and procedures to
Inadequate and
insufficient availability
of BDS providers, both
Strategic
Operational.
Lack of proper
handholding support
mechanism
Need to Deal with
numerous Govt.
departments, for
accessing information,
tracking application
status etc.
BDS
Providers
e providers are adequately built to ensure sustainability during and beyond the cluster
initiatives beyond the project duration. A
centres can help alleviate are given in the
Lack of awareness
about potential buyers,
their requirement and
processes.
Complicated processes
and procedures to
secure approvals,
licenses etc

Following should be the core objectives of the facilitation centres:
(i) Approvals and status of applications to ensure ease of doing business
related to forms, processes, policies,
Spreading Awareness among MSMEs about funding available under various schemes of Govt. of
MP/Govt. of India. BMOs and BDSPs should
act as outreach platforms.
(ii) Providing physical platform to help
forge linkages between MSMEs their
public private sector service providers
like BDSPs, QMCs, Tool rooms, Banks, RD
centres, academic institutions etc.
(iii) Capacity building platform provision
for MSMEs, BMOs, BDSPs
workshops and conferences related to various
aspects of business such as procurement,
finance, IPRs, latest technology, processes of
Govt. etc.
The state of Madhya Pradesh comprises of 51 districts and it is proposed to set up MSME
facilitation centre in all of them. We believe that
large segment of MSMEs would prefer local physical platforms not only to get updated information
but more importantly as facilitation
various stakeholders. These interactions are potentially expected to build new partnerships and self
sustaining cooperation initiatives between MSMEs and among diverse range of stakeholders across
all regions of the state.
Salient features of the MSME Facilitat
t
Salient Features of Facilitation Centre
Repository of Government schemes and policies promoting investment
Accountability, traceability and transparency of various scheme based approvals
Online submission of forms for various clearances required for set
Increased coordination and cohesiveness between organizations and departments
Online tracking of application status and issues
Email alerts to members with application updates
Online processing and approval of various applications by Government
departments/ organizations
Platform for linkages among public and private stakeholders to help draw common
Information
provision
Approvals
and
application
status
Capacity
Building
Following should be the core objectives of the facilitation centres:
Approvals and status of applications to ensure ease of doing business. Providing guidance
related to forms, processes, policies, schemes, incentives and their approval processes etc.
MP/Govt. of India. BMOs and BDSPs should
Providing physical platform to help
rge linkages between MSMEs their
public private sector service providers
like BDSPs, QMCs, Tool rooms, Banks, RD
Capacity building platform provision
for MSMEs, BMOs, BDSPs through
lated to various
aspects of business such as procurement,
finance, IPRs, latest technology, processes of
facilitation centre in all of them. We believe that this is a step in the right direction as significantly
facilitation centre to enable mutual dialogue and interaction among the
stakeholders. These interactions are potentially expected to build new partnerships and self
Salient features of the MSME Facilitation Centres are illustrated below: 4.4 Proposed Programs for
Salient Features of Facilitation Centre
Repository of Government schemes and policies promoting investment
Online submission of forms for various clearances required for set-up of units
Online tracking of application status and issues
Email alerts to members with application updates
departments/ organizations
Linkages
between
MSMEs
and Sevice
providers
. Providing guidance
schemes, incentives and their approval processes etc.
this is a step in the right direction as significantly
centre to enable mutual dialogue and interaction among the
stakeholders. These interactions are potentially expected to build new partnerships and self-
4.4 Proposed Programs for
up of units

Page 39
4.6 Few Recommended Programs for
4.6 Few Recommended Programs for State Clusters
State Clusters
State Clusters
State Clusters
Based on the study, few programs are recommended for the MSME department to take up as per
the need of the cluster specific. This can be undertaken by CSPA once it is formed. Till then
MSME department may initiate these programs. Some of the programmes which may be started in
the state are proposed below. The programmes suggested are based on the best practises adopted
globally and nationally with reference to the key findings from Madhya Pradesh existing clusters.
4.6.1 Skill Development Programme -
For development and sustenance of MSME clusters, special focus on Skill development
programmes is very important. For example, Handloom handicraft cluster, Leather Cluster,
jewellery cluster etc which are basically traditional in nature may be the target cluster. This may be
done by undertaking few Skill development program based on the requirement of the clusters. This
will help the state to sustain and enhance the MSMEs growth prospect through disseminating the
skill information to its members.
Methods for skill development: promotion of in house training programmes, Exposure visit,
learning through the evaluation of activities, dissemination of public awareness materials,
community meetings, sharing information on websites, and sharing experiences with other
communities that have successfully initiated or implemented innovative programmes.
4.6.2 Vendor Development programme [VDP]
Local small and medium-sized enterprises are vital part of Madhya Pradesh economy, however,
they often lack the resources to grow their business, expand by meeting national international
standards. MSMEs also often struggle to penetrate into existing markets, or create new ones,
especially when competing against established businesses. To address this issue, Vendor
Development Program (VDP) is recommended in few clusters of the State.
Vendor Development Programme (VDP) is aimed at developing MSMEs as a dynamic supplier to
large industries or Multinational Corporations (MNCs). The programme is implemented through
tripartite arrangement between the Ministry/ lead department, large industries (anchor companies)
and financial institutions. This programme will indeed promote industrial linkages between
MSMEs and large industries.VDP is designed to help local MSMEs become competitive and
encourage the development of technology and standards for market outreach.
4.6.3 Business Development Services
A major finding which came out of the study is that MSMEs in Madhya Pradesh are
underperformed and non-competitive because of lack of awareness about market access and their
limited capacity to respond to the growing demand. MSMEs Cluster in Madhya Pradesh have a
range of different “needs” that are critical to their survival and growth. SMEs need more types of
intervention to support and sustain in the competitive world for example, awareness and access of
target market, designing of products, enhance productivity, quality of product, Raw material
procurement, awareness on standardisation, communicate effectively, and access new technology.
The nature degree of support and services will be influenced by sector of cluster and stage of
Cluster development.

Page 40
It is generally accepted that a clusters can't be good at everything. Its strength is focus by its core
competence i.e product development etc but cannot be strong at performing external functions like
certifying the product, testing the product, Quality assurance etc. Here Business development
support (BDS) intervention plays a very important means of supporting the MSMEs in this area
which help them to avoid market failures.
4.6.4 Industrial Linkage Programme
Industrial Linkage Programme (ILP) like BHEL linked with Govindpura Engineering cluster and
vice versa aims to forge linkages between MSMEs with large companies and MNCs. The
programme facilitate market access and technology transfer to the SMEs which is important for
uplifting MSMEs continuous market access, technical know-how, innovative development etc. The
ILP requires participating MSMEs to achieve competencies in supplying the desired products and
services required by the MNCs. Under the programme, Government, in collaboration with the
training institutions and MNCs, works out training modules necessary for the MSMEs to acquire
core competencies, capacity and capability to fulfill the requirement of Large Industries/MNC.
The above mentioned Tools/programs are suggestive only and can be customised by MSME
department through CPSA as per the need of the clusters.

Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter 5
5
5
5
Development Strategy
The policy implementation period is proposed to be for a period of five years. During this period
the focus should to ensure buy in about the cluster poli
through successful outcomes in select clusters. It is believed that this period of five years will
provide sufficient knowledge and institutional capacities for Govt. of Madhya Pradesh and various
non-government actors to scale similar initiatives in most of the clusters of Madhya Pradesh
through CPSA. This chapter builds on the previous one and details out the implementation plan for
the first five years. This will ensure that the future implementation endeavo
sustainable and self-replicable. The roll out plan consists of three stages and builds in sustainability
dimension strongly into its implementation process. These three stages are referred to as Inception,
Capacity Building and Full Roll out of Cluster Implementation. These three stages are proposed to
be implemented in Year 1, Year 2 and Years 3
The expected outcomes for all the three stages are detailed as under along with the likely activities
required to be undertaken to achieve the same. The final monitoring framework of the Cluster
5
5
5
5: Roll Out Plan for the Cluster
: Roll Out Plan for the Cluster
Development Strategy and Budget
and Budget
and Budget
and Budget
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
the focus should to ensure buy in about the cluster policy, create a foundation and ensure credibility
nt actors to scale similar initiatives in most of the clusters of Madhya Pradesh
. This chapter builds on the previous one and details out the implementation plan for
the first five years. This will ensure that the future implementation endeavours will be more
replicable. The roll out plan consists of three stages and builds in sustainability
ut of Cluster Implementation. These three stages are proposed to
be implemented in Year 1, Year 2 and Years 3-5 respectively.
to achieve the same. The final monitoring framework of the Cluster
Table 4 Roll out Plan
and Budget
and Budget
and Budget
and Budget
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
cy, create a foundation and ensure credibility
nt actors to scale similar initiatives in most of the clusters of Madhya Pradesh
. This chapter builds on the previous one and details out the implementation plan for
urs will be more
replicable. The roll out plan consists of three stages and builds in sustainability
ut of Cluster Implementation. These three stages are proposed to
to achieve the same. The final monitoring framework of the Cluster

Page 42
Implementation Strategy can only be determined once the scope, funding and disbursement
modalities are known that are expected to fully in place ahead of the initiation of the Rollout Stage.
However, wherever possible the names of institutions that should be responsible for the relevant
outcomes are also mentioned. An indication of the number of activities and target outputs is also
provided. These details will help to serve the purpose of monitoring the progress through Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs).
Stage I: Inception Stage
Stage I: Inception Stage(Year 1)
(Year 1)
(Year 1)
(Year 1)
To demonstrate the relevance of a cluster development approach to sustainable growth in Madhya
Pradesh and to generate sufficient buy-in and momentum.
This is required since there are several misconceptions about the concept of clusters and cluster
development that need to aligned with a common language and a conceptual framework. This
stage should be able to build a general understanding of the relevance of clusters,
implementation principles and how the strategy fits into the overall state and national level
policies. This stage is also helpful for aligning the interests of diverse functional departments and
private institutions at state and national level. Awareness of other state departments and national
ministries that can have relevance to the selected target/pilot clusters needs to be raised e.g.
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development are relevant if a selected cluster focuses on
the production of agricultural based products or agro-processing. The intent will be to build a
common understanding of the Cluster Development Strategy and to explore synergies with other
initiatives, programmes, policies, and strategies under implementation.
As far as other local actors are concerned, it will also be important to sensitize the broader cluster
environment about the planned activities and to prepare relevant actors and stakeholders, in
particular the relevant business associations, BDS providers, academic institutions, relevant banks,
lead buyers and other commercial service providers for their possible support functions
The Inception Stage will aim at the following outcomes:
(i) Outcome 1: Cluster Programme SupportAgency (CPSA) has created by the DoMSME
under the chairmanship of the Chief Minister to provide technical expertise and coordinate
various activities on Cluster Development
Activities required: Terms of reference for the CPSA are drawn, budgetary provisions are made
and the members (Core Non-core) are mobilised with their clear roles and responsibilities
(ii)Outcome 2: A common understanding about the concept of clusters and cluster
development process has been built within CPSA and its anchored DoMSME and other
member institutions, other relevant Govt. departments and private sector stakeholders.
Activities required: Seminars, workshops, focussed group discussions are organised at the district
level (51), division level (10) and at the state level (3).
(iii)Outcome 3: Mapping of clusters in the state of MP has been completed and is made
available on line for all public and private sector stakeholders
Activities required: A survey based mapping of clusters is undertaken and enumeration done with
basic statistical parameters, such as location, product, number of enterprises, structure of

Page 43
enterprises, estimated output, employment levels, key socio economic issues. The information is
made available through an on line system
(iv) Outcome 4: Goals for cluster development have been defined agreed upon. Required
functions for the envisaged governance structure have been defined, State Scheme for cluster
development has been finalized, requisite budget has been earmarked with processes and a
State-level monitoring evaluation framework has been delineated.
Activities required: CPSA draws in consultation with DoMSME, othermembers to put in place a
detailed draft cluster development strategy document for final approval.
Sate II:
Sate II:
Sate II:
Sate II: Capacity Building Stage
Capacity Building Stage
Capacity Building Stage
Capacity Building Stage(Year 2)
(Year 2)
(Year 2)
(Year 2)
This stage focuses on broadening and deepening of the results achieved during the Inception Stage.
The objective of this stage is to build up dedicated institutional capacities and upgrade the
governance and coordination structures at various levels to ensure full readiness for implementation
among select number of clusters.
To reach the above mentioned objective, the Capacity Building Stage will aim at following
outcomes:
Outcome 1: Different operational modalities for strategy implementation have been tested at
the cluster level, i.e. collaboration among different public and private sector entities,
including at different levels of government and institutional bottlenecks have been identified
Activities required: Five pilot clusters are chosen through an open call for proposals for
undertaking short term (3-12 months duration) collaborative activities to test different operational
modalities at cluster level. It is envisaged that there will be one Implementing Agency (IA) for each
of the 5 pilot clusters. The selection system will be conceived and organised by the CPSA in
coordination with and reporting to DoMSME.
Outcome 2: Collective efficiency gains have been obtained or are within reach through select
short term interventions in 5 pilot clusters. It also aims to give an understanding of what such
results will look like over the short, medium and long-term.
Activities required: Continuous assessment is undertaken by CPSA in coordination with
implementing agencies in 5 pilot clusters, local key cluster stakeholders and DIC during the entire
implementation process. Short updations of the progress are made available on quarterly basis and
made available on line. A final learning document is produced at the end of the year 2, drawing
lessons and giving suggestions on the changes that are required to be made in the cluster
development strategy document, for the third stage of roll out of cluster implementation.
Outcome 3: Intermediary organization(s) are ready to provide standardized training
programmes and counselling approach for cluster development managers, policy makers,
private sector actors and institutional representatives. Fully capacitated cluster development
managers are able to support cluster development initiatives at the local level and pursue
coordination with local stakeholders.
Activities Required: While some capacities may already exist in the state, additional training and
handholding of the existing cluster development managers will have to be undertaken to strengthen
their “soft skills” and overall ability to guide, motivate and involve cluster stakeholders and enable

Page 44
trust building among cluster members. Throughout the implementation process at the local level,
the cluster development manager gradually builds the capacity of the cluster stakeholders to follow
the process, to assume the assigned responsibilities in implementing the local cluster action plan,
and to provide information on progress. Through regular meetings with the local stakeholders, their
understanding of the cluster development process and the likely results to be obtained will be
fostered. The capacity building stage will also concentrate on building the institutional capacities of
select academic institutions, skill development institutions, regulatory bodies, research
organisations etc. in the State to enable the broadening of cluster development activities during the
Rollout Stage.
At least one state based intermediary organisations is provided training of trainers (ToT) on the
cluster development implementation methodology by CPSA directly or in partnership with other
national institution(s). The intermediary organisation then organises 5 training programmes across
10 divisions of the state. The training is organised with support from CPSA and other national
institutions.
Outcome 4: Ten MSME Facilitation Centres (FCs) are set up within as many DICs to support
the process of cluster development through an improved eco system.
Activities Required: Range of existing and new services required to be provided in the DICs have
been identified, information and knowledge are provided to the nodal persons within the DICs to
effectively and efficiently provide these services to the respective stakeholders. A system of
reporting and linkages between the DICs and DoMSME established along with communication
channels with other state departments for flow of information are modified wherever required.
These FCs will be housed within the DICs and will be guided by the CPSA. An illustrative list of
services to be offered by FCs can be seen in Annexure-2.
Outcome 5: Cluster Development Strategy’s governance and coordination structure is tested
for short term interventions and long term sustainability plan of CPSA is prepared. The
monitoring framework effectively specifies reporting lines, timelines and the type of
information to becollected/communicated.
Activities required: Based on the quarterly updates and learning document from outcome 2, CPSA
will suggest a possible framework to set up governance and coordination framework at cluster and
state level. The reporting systems, monitoring parameters, timelines and types of information
required will be embedded in the framework of governance and coordination. The long term
sustainability plan of CPSA to scale up and continue cluster development will be prepared.
Outcome 6: Selection/assessment criteria and funding mechanisms for the full roll out stage
have been developed and endorsed at the state level to provide support to additional rounds of
clusters during the Full Rollout of the Strategy.
Activities required: CPSA develops a complete terms of reference for open call for proposals for a
3 year cluster intervention in 10 clusters, gets the same approved by its members and manages the
entire process of selection of proposals for funding.
Outcome 7: First list of ten clusters has been selected based on the selection/ assessment
criteria and a detailed action plan for the Rollout Stage of the Cluster Development Strategy
has been prepared and endorsed.

Page 45
Activities required: DoMSME approves the final selection and releases funds required as per the
ToR for implementation of activities to be implemented during the years 3-5.
Outcome 8: Knowledge management dissemination system is established to better share
information on progress and learning.
Activities required: The establishment of an IT based platforms and other information sharing
mechanisms need to be done to collect/host/provide information on progress with Cluster
Development Strategy implementation at the state, institutional and cluster levels. In order to
facilitate knowledge management and the dissemination of available data and in recognition of
transparency as an implementation criterion, DoMSME with the technical support of CPSA will
also create a cluster observatory either as a stand-alone initiative of CPSA or embedded in the
existing website of DoMSME.
Stage III:
Stage III:
Stage III:
Stage III: Full Roll Out of Cluster Implementation Stage
Full Roll Out of Cluster Implementation Stage
Full Roll Out of Cluster Implementation Stage
Full Roll Out of Cluster Implementation Stage (Years 3
(Years 3
(Years 3
(Years 3-
-
-
-5)
5)
5)
5)
This stage aims to achieve the following objective “Effectively and efficiently extend full cluster
development support to a larger number of clusters (10) in Madhya Pradesh to achieve the strategic
objectives”
To reach the overall objective, the Rollout Stage will aim at following outcomes:
Outcome 1: Collective efficiency gains have been obtained or are within reach at the level of
second round of 10 targeted clusters. The clusters selected through open call in the Stage 2
will experience competitiveness gains and make a significant contribution to the achievement
of the three strategic objectives of the Cluster Development Strategy.
Activities required: Cluster initiatives are implemented in full steam by the respective 10
implementing agencies under the guidance and coordination of CPSA and local multi-stakeholder
coordination structures put in place. CPSA provides necessary policy level strategic support that is
required for mid-course corrections. The MSME facilitation centres in respective DICs provide
local support as per their ToR. Over a 3 year period of implementation, significant gains are
expected to be witnessed where several local private sector stakeholders take lead in co-managing
and co-implementing various activities within the cluster specific plans.
Outcome 2: The coordination structure effectively supports the rollout of the strategy by
meeting and reviewing progress regularly and by feeding policy inputs back to cluster- level
implementation (state to local) and from the cluster-level up to the policy level (local to state).
Activities required: A quarterly review of the progress made in the clusters and identification of
policy support required for supporting the growth is undertaken. A compilation of the action
required for DoMSME and other line departments is made for consultation and decisions thereof.
The technical coordination will be undertaken by CPSA while DoMSME will ensure coordination
with other line departments where information and/or action is required to be undertaken.
Outcome 3: CPSA continue to provide training and counselling services for cluster
development managers as well as for policy makers, private sector actors and institutional
representatives.

Page 46
Activities required: Based on the quarterly and yearly progress reviews of cluster activities
undertaken in all the 10 clusters, common training and capacity building requirements that may be
required to be undertaken are identified and implemented by CPSA.
Outcome 4: CPSA led by DoMSME facilitates exchange of information on issues relating to
cluster development, systematically promotes mutually reinforcing policy actions across
government departments and agencies, and creates synergies towards achieving the
prioritized strategic objectives.
Activities required: The CPSA organises meetings and events in coordination with other line
departments, regulatory institutions, key stakeholders for exchange of experiences and lessons, at
least once every 6 months. These meetings and events are expected to bring out new initiatives and
new ways of collaborating at public-public, public-private and private-private levels. This will help
identify systemic issues, including required access to infrastructure, skills and vocational training,
access to finance, legal constraints, etc. that are critical to the development of the specific cluster.
The final assessment of the full rollout stage for Cluster Implementation will be based on strategic
level indicators that capture impact in terms of (i) Economic Growth (ii) new business and job
creation and (iii) employment retention
Estimated Budgetary Requirements:
The budgetary requirements can be better estimated only when the goals and strategy are finally
agreed upon. However it is good to make a ball park estimate of the budgetary requirements for the
cluster policy execution based on suggested roadmap. These estimates have been drawn on the
basis of similar cluster development initiatives undertaken recently by Small Industries
Development Bank of India (SIDBI) during 2009-12. For the purpose of hiring agencies for
supporting cluster management, estimates are drawn from recent bidding undertaken by Govt. of
Haryana in the year 2016-17. Similarly interventions undertaken by Govt. of West Bengal over the
last 3 years also provide meaningful estimates that help to set up a benchmark figure. A bidding
undertaken by the office of Development Commissioner, MSME, Ministry of MSME for cluster
management was undertaken with support from the World Bank in the year 2016-17 which also
provides a benchmark.
Wherever there is a feasibility to leverage upon the Govt. of India cluster schemes such as MSE-
CDP, SFURTI, Comprehensive Powerloom Cluster Development Scheme, Comprehensive
Handloom Cluster Development Scheme, Scheme for development of AYUSH clusters, Scheme for
setting up plastic parks, Food processing park, Industrial Infrastructure Upgradation Scheme
(IIUS), Cluster Development Program for Pharma Sector, etc., the same must be undertaken.
However most of the GoI cluster schemes are targeted for hard interventions for creation or
upgradation of physical infrastructure. Some of these schemes are targeted for industrial clusters
while others are specific to sectors such as plastics, power-looms, textiles, handicrafts, handlooms
and food processing. Most of these schemes require a group of MSMEs to collectively form a legal
entity (Special Purpose Vehicle or SPV) that will not only financially contribute to the common
infrastructure project but also undertake to create the physical structure and run it for wider public
good.
In most of the clusters, there is absence of history of collaboration among the cluster enterprises and
there are few industry associations that go beyond reacting to the policy changes of the Govt. or
fighting regulatory enforcements. In such circumstances, SPVs are more difficult to form partially

Page 47
due to the lack of clarity for which a common project should be drawn up and partially due to lack
of trust as well as capacities to manage the project. The budgetary requirements suggested for
cluster development in Madhya Pradesh are drawn up on the basis of following realistic
assumptions:
There have been few cluster interventions, both with soft or hard interventions that have taken place
in the state.
Cluster interventions are required to initiate the process of collective efficiency through smaller
interventions with low investment levels and little risk. These interventions are expected to mature
towards solving challenges that require higher investments or have longer payback period or both.
There is lack of capacities to handle cluster development management, both in the private and
public institutions
In light of the above, budget will need to be allocated by the state and only when some of the
clusters require common facilities and MSMEs have matured enough to undertake those
interventions, that they will leverage GoI schemes of assistance.
Based on the above assumptions, an estimated budgetary requirements are drawn up to throw up an
indicative number in the table below.
All figures in Rs. Crores
Table 5 Estimated Budgetary requirements
S.
No.
Purpose Total
estimated
amount
Inception
Stage
(Year 1)
Capacity
Building
Stage
(Year 2)
Roll out
implementation
Stage (Year 3-5)
1 Hiring services of Knowledge
Institutions for Creating
operationalizingCPSAfor a
period of 5 years
10 2 2 6
2 Undertaking of cluster
mapping across Madhya
Pradesh
3 2 - 1
3 Setting up and managing of a
portal for cluster
information, cluster
initiatives and knowledge
management by CPSA
1 0.5 0.2 0.3
4 Undertaking pilot
interventions (3-9 months) in
5 clusters @ Rs. 20 lacs each
1 - 1 -
5 Undertaking full scale cluster
interventions (36 months
each) in 10 clusters @ Rs. 2
cr.
20 - - 20
6 Organising more than 100
awareness seminars/
workshops/ meetings/ ToT/
Training programmes for
Cluster Managers etc.
2.5 1.2 0.3 1

Page 48
besides FGDs across the
state @ Rs. 2.5 lacs average
7 Setting up of 10 MSME
Facilitation Centres in as
many DICs
3 - 3 -
8 Leveraging schemes of GoI
for 3 clusters completed for
CFCs etc. @ Rs. 10 cr. Each
with co-funding of Rs. 2 Cr.
by state and Rs. 3 Cr. by
beneficiary enterprises
45 - - 30 (GoI
component), 6
(GoMP) and 9
(Private sector
beneficiaries)
Total 85.5 5.7 6.5 73.3
(i) Govt. of MP contribution 46.5 5.7 6.5 34.3
(ii) Govt. of India contribution 30 0 0 30
(iii) Private sector contribution 9 0 0 9
Please note that the estimated budgetary requirement does not include the budget provision for
the proposed programs in the study. This may be detailed out at the discretion of DoMSME,
GoMP.

Page 49
Annex
Annex
Annex
Annex 1:
1:
1:
1: Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for a cluster initiative with
Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for a cluster initiative with
s
s
s
suggestive
uggestive
uggestive
uggestive parameters
parameters
parameters
parameters
A. The parameters for monitoring and evaluation can be broadly divided into the following in
an increasing scale of changes brought about in a cluster/overall scenario:
1.1 Activity completion: The art here is ability of the agency in guiding the cluster stakeholders
towards completion of activities, even without complete utilization of budget. At times this may be
a proxy variable of the former and even vice versa.
1.2 Budget utilization: The art here is ability of the agency in making an appropriate budget, i.e.
understanding the appropriate areas and also the ability of the cluster to utilize the budget.
The variables and their units along with periodicity are given as table 1 below:
Table 7: Data Check for Budget and Activities for selected clusters
Budget Activities
Total budget for year 1 Budget utilized in year 1 Planned activities in year 1 Activities done in year 1
Gross Project Budget Gross Budget Utilized Planned activities Utilized Gross activities done
2. Contribution by primary stakeholder: The art here is creating clarity in action plans, such
that is more and more driven by stakeholders. This gets reflected in higher and higher
contribution by primary stakeholders. The variables and their units along with periodicity are
given as below:
3. Contribution by secondary stakeholders: The art here is degree of influence created or
linkage made to involve natural support stakeholders (e.g. government). The variables and their
units along with periodicity are given as below:
The variables and their units along with periodicity are given as table 2 below:
Table 8: Data Check for Stakeholder Contribution for selected clusters
Primary stakeholder (in Rs) Secondary (support) stakeholder (in Rs)
Contribution in year 1 Contribution in year 1
Gross Contribution Gross Contribution
4. Capacity building of agency: This becomes critical when the job profile entails getting
implementation done by another agency, i.e. in case of indirect and remote cases (see below).
The variables and their units along with periodicity are given as below:
Table 9: Data Check for Capacity Building for selected clusters
Training of Institutions
Name of Institution Number of persons trained and handholding provided

Page 50
Policy Workshops
Done in Year 1 Institutional Participants
5. Output: These are variables which are strategic for creating the appropriate torques for
realizing the ultimate goals, from the perspective of cluster stakeholders. The variables and
their units along with periodicity are given as below:
Table -: Data Check for Output for selected clusters
Number of training programmes conducted Number of trainees
Number of visits to benchmark cluster/area Number of visitors
Number of enterprises got quality certification
Number of enterprises adopted new technology
Number of enterprises entered into new market
Number of enterprises did energy savings
Number of enterprises did productivity improvement
Number of enterprises did design development
Number of enterprises implemented improved working
conditions
Number of enterprises got linked to banks
Number of enterprises adopted pollution reduction measures
6. Outcome: These are variables which when realized is considered to be the best possible
outcome from the cluster perspective. The variables and their units along with periodicity are
given as below:
Table -: Data Check for Outcome for selected clusters
Savings increased in Rupees
Turnover increased in Rupees
Increase in income level – value in rupees Number of persons, of which women, poverty groups
Increase in wage level – value in rupees Number of persons, of which women, poverty groups
Increase in employment - number
Loan disbursed – value in rupees Number of enterprises, of which micro
Enterprises created – number
(Important to have base level data on the above)
7. Impact: These are variables which are often outcomes of typical successful implementation
initiatives or are creations by influencing policy based on results elsewhere.
Table -: Data Check for Impact for selected clusters
Number of new cluster programmes started
Number of old programmes modified to include cluster issues
Number of new clusters picked up
Reflected in new policy document
8. Sustainability: This is reflected in the number of associations/institutions created/energized
and number of BDS providers (formal/informal) created/linked
Table -: Data Check for Sustainability for selected clusters

Page 51
Number of existing networks Number of existing BDSPs
Size of those networks Number of BDSPs created
Number of new formal networks created Number of BDSPs linked
Size of those formal networks
In a cluster, where direct implementation is being made, an agency is supposed to influence the
outcome parameters. But given the project time constraint, degree of success in outcome parameters
get restricted. Hence there is also a need to look at relevant output parameters too. Impact is mostly
beyond the scope of such interventions for an agency. Needless to say that while parameters like
budget utilization, activity completions are the tools for the above, their ultimate test gets reflected
in output and outcome. However from a sustainability view point contribution by primary and
secondary stakeholders is critical, although not as important as outcome and output. Hence the
parameters of importance in order of degree of importance are:
(a) Outcome
(b) Output
(c) Contribution by primary and secondary stakeholders
(d) Local institutions/associations created/revived and BDSPs linked
B. Additional documents to be checked are as follows:
(1) Terms of reference (giving inter variable weights).
(2) Composition of team along with CV and overall job chart and appointment letter
(3) Existing Management Information System (MIS)
(4) A note on internal review mechanism of projects and support data (e.g. programme and minutes
of project review meeting)

Page 52
Annex
Annex
Annex
Annex 2:
2:
2:
2: Illustrati
Illustrati
Illustrati
Illustrative list of likely services to be provided by the proposed 10
ve list of likely services to be provided by the proposed 10
MSME Facilitation Centres
Further, we propose the ten facilitation centres should be established in strategic locations that
caters to the majority of MSMEs (high catchment of clusters) in terms of number of enterprises,
sectors (Manufacturing, Agri-processing Services), Sub-sectors (Food processing, etc.) and
spread of the state.
Objective/Scope Role of Facilitation Centre
Hand-holding of MSMEs
w.r.t applications/procedures
etc.
MSME facilitation or interaction
Guidance for forms, approvals, schemes, policies, incentives
etc.
Handholding queries
Interdepartmental coordination
Linking MSMEs to Business
Development Service
Providers by creating a pool
of professional BDSPs for
each specialized area
Strategic Service Providers: Vendor development, market
linkage facilitation, technical guidance for process
improvement for better quality and productivity, product/
design development, etc.
Generic Service Providers: Financial, Accounting
Taxation Consulting: Consultancy on issues related to
Companies Act,2013, Income Tax Act, Sale Tax issues
related to VAT and CST, representation to higher
authorities in case of department hurdles, Application for
PAN, VAT Registration, Service Tax Registration, Filing of
returns , Restructuring of Loans, Listing of Company,
Opening of Company, Registration of Partnership
Enterprises, Digital Signatures, Society Registration, Export
Guidance, Certificate of Origin for exporters, Change of
Land use application and process, ISO Certification,
Delayed Payment Assistance: Help MSMEs recover their
lost/stuck payments, inform them about various safeguards,
show them various legal measures, make them aware of
latest laws and show them simple roadmap that they can
follow and recover long held-up and stuck payments.
Pollution Clearances: Techno-legal Consultancy Services
for the ‘Testing Treatment of Industrial Pollution’ such as
Documentation Filing of NOC-Clearance-Consents-
Authorization-Environment Statement Monthly-Annual
Returns etc.; Testing of Stack Air-Ambient Air-Effluent-
Water Noise Pollution; Design, Installation, Process
Chemicals of Air Pollution Control Device (APCD),
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), Drinking Process Water
Treatment Plant including RO, Sewage Treatment Plant
(STP), Septic Tank, Solid-Hazardous Waste Management,
Environment Audit (EA), Environment Impact Assessment
(EIA) Environment Monitoring etc.
All the documents required for NOC including Site Plan,
Location Pan, Project Deport, CA Certificate, NOC from
DTP, EM Number, Feasibility Report, ETP drawing etc.

Page 53
Power Connection: application forms, approval process,
documents required
Information for all Permits required for Construction,
Legal assistance towards Consumer rights, Delayed
Payment Council, Human Rights, RTIs.
Labour Laws, ESI Provident Fund Assistance Services
Awareness about GoI/GoMP
schemes for funding MSMEs
There are around 23 schemes of
GoMP and more than 400
public schemes of GoI focused
towards MSMEs
entrepreneurship development
covering almost all problem
areas such as new common
infrastructure creation, skill
development, financing,
technology, RD etc. For eg:
MSME-CDP, DIPP-IIUS,
NSDC, MoFPI schemes for
cold chain and processing
infrastructure, State Mini
Cluster Development Scheme,
Critical Infrastructure Scheme,
Employment Generation
Subsidy, Electrical duty
exemption, Investment Subsidy
on VAT, Interest Subsidy
Scheme, CLSS scheme etc.
Conducting Awareness Campaigns
Annual /Semi-annual conferences with participation from
Govt. officials, MSMEs, Industry bodies, Consultants etc.
Discussions with BMOs/trade associations/Industry Bodies
etc.
Compiling all schemes/incentives focused towards MSME
sector in a booklet and circulating among BMOs etc.
Awareness through Distribution of Pamphlets/Brochures
among members
Distribution of Newsletter to members/MSMEs on a
periodic basis
Information dissemination through Websites and mobile
based applications to help MSMEs access relevant schemes
with ease and assisted support forms that can be submitted
online wherever feasible. Moreover the website will also be
capable to provide the applicant with application tracking
option. The schemes of assistance will be segregated on the
basis of category of applicant (individual MSME, group of
enterprises, institution), thematic areas (technology,
marketing, infrastructure, etc.) and source from where it can
be accessed (Ministry/ Department/ Bank, etc.). Moreover,
the schemes link will also provide access to the template
form for filling the application.

Page 54
Annex
Annex
Annex
Annex-
-
-
-3 Cluster Development Training Plan for DoMSME
3 Cluster Development Training Plan for DoMSME
To foster dynamism in the cluster eco-system and make the initiative sustainable impact making,
it is important to train and develop the capacities of the various stakeholders on the concept
process of cluster development. However, the content methodology of the training programmes
will differ based on their envisaged roles and responsibilities.
A suggestive list of training modules for different stakeholders is captured in the following table.
While some of these trainings may be conducted stand-alone, others may have to be clubbed
depending on the need of the Department of MSME and other counterparts.
List of Training Modules for the Key Stakeholders
Level Categories of
Stakeholders
Illustrative list of Stakeholders Training
Capacity
Developmen
t Plan
State
Ecosystem
Policy
Stakeholders
A. Development
• Department of MSME, GoMP
• Department of Industry Commerce
• MSME-DIs
• Department of Urban Development
Housing
• State Science Technology Department
• State Livelihood Mission
• Sector Development Corporations (e.g.
textiles, etc. if any)
Lot-1
B. Regulatory
• MP Pollution Control Board (RSPCB)
• Department of Revenue
Lot-1
Others Financial Institutions (Banks NBFCs) Lot-1
Technical Institutions/ BDSPs
NIFT, Bhopal NIT, etc.
Lot-1
Development
Organisations
NGOs/ Pvt. Sector Development Organisation
State Level Associations, Chamber of Commerce
Industry
Lot-1,2,3
Cluster
Ecosystem
Principal Firms MSMEs Lot-3
Support Firms Other value chain stakeholders like inputs suppliers
(like raw material suppliers), buyers, etc.
Lot-3
BMOs Cluster MSME associations Lot-23
BDSPs Strategic: Technical consultants, etc.
Generic: CA, Financial Consultants
Lot-3
Support
Institutions
Local technical institutions like research institutes/
RD centres, local departments, Financial
Institutions
Lot-3

Page 55
Training and Capacity Building Indicative Modules
Lot 1: Training for the Policy Stakeholders at the State Ecosystem
Objective: Build capacities of the policy makers to conceptualise, plan, implement and effectively
monitor productive cluster development programme in the state
Contents:
Module 1: Cluster and Cluster development Concept
Module 2: Cluster development policies (global national) and examples (Why some clusters
perform and others do not - Evidence from Clusters in Developed and Developing Countries)
Module 3: Cluster Development Process
Module 4: Role of policy in promoting clusters (Focus will also be on integration of cluster with
Lead Enterprises/ Global Value Chains and also with SEZ/EPZ/Industrial Corridors)
• Implementing Cluster development programme
• Role of Trust Building in Cluster Development
• Promoting Business Development Services in Clusters
• Waste to Wealth-Methodological aspects
• Common Facility Centre (CFC) development
Module 5: Government support Scheme linkages (for fund mobilisation)
Module 6:Market development Linking with Global Value Chains (GVC) (Cluster Twinning
for knowledge and business flow)
Module 7: Promoting Innovation in Clusters
Module 8: Effective Public-Private-Dialogue PPD
Module 9: Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact assessment of Cluster Development Programme
Module10: Information Management
Method:
The methodology will be a mix of class room sessions, case studies, exposure visits, individual
assignments, presentations, discussions etc.
Lot 2: Training for the Business Membership Organisations (BMOs)/ Industry Associations
Objective: Training and capacity building of the office bearers and secretariat of Business
Membership Organizations (BMOs) including industry associations and chamber of commerce.
Contents:
Module 1: Introduction to the concept of BMOs of MSMEs (Types, purpose, activities, etc.)
Module 2: Effective Management of BMOs
Module 3: Income Generating Services for the MSMEs
Module 4: Schemes Available for Benefit of MSMEs and their direct Stakeholders
Module 5: Responsible Competitiveness

Page 56
Module 6: Effective Public-Private-Dialogue underpinning Advocacy
Method:
Class room training sessions, case studies, group exercises exposure to benchmark BMOs
Lot 3: Specific Cluster focused training for Cluster Members and Constituents
Objective: a) To infuse a culture of competition and cooperation among local MSMEs, value chain
partners, institutions, business advisory service providers and other infrastructure input providers
through networking, linkages and institutional up-gradation at local level in select clusters.
b) To strengthen the capacities of firms to address their technical and non-technical needs to
enhance productivity competitiveness.
Contents:
Group-1: Cluster Development Methodology (General)
Module 1: Cluster Cluster development Concepts (Why cluster is important)
Module 2: Importance of Cooperation (Types of cooperation, need for cooperation outcomes)
Module 3: Preparing Action Plan of a Cluster – Concept Tools and Guidelines
Module 4: Implementation tools and techniques (Organising joint activities, Creation of
networks/ consortia, etc.)
Module 5: Resource mobilisation
Module 6: Creation of CFC
Module 7: Identification and role of business development services providers (BDSPs)
linkages
Group-2: Smart business for Smart Cluster (Need based. It can be customised as per the
requirements of the select clusters)
Module 1: Market development Linking with Global Value Chains (GVC)
Module 2: Cluster Branding
Module 3: Cluster Twinning for knowledge and business flow
Module 4: Energy Efficiency
Module 5: Smart Cluster / Smart City correlation
Module 6: Waste to wealth (Industrial symbiosis for Industrial waste Consumption waste)
Infrastructure
Module 7: Production management (Lean/ TQM)
Module 8: Skill development
Method:
Class room training sessions, case study, group exercises, interaction with technical experts (for
technical themes), exposure to benchmark practices.

Annex
Annex
Annex
Annex-
-
-
-4 Few Cluster Development Schemes by
4 Few Cluster Development Schemes by
4 Few Cluster Development Schemes by
4 Few Cluster Development Schemes by the
the
the
the Government of India
Government of India
Government of India
Government of India
Name of
Scheme
Who can apply Support For Grant Apply to
Ministry of MSME, DC-MSME
Micro Small
Enterprise
Cluster
Development
Programme
(MSE-CDP)
Implementing agencies are:
Offices of MoMSME/ state
government, National/
international institutions
working for development of
MSME sector, institution/
agency etc.It is necessary to
form an SPV, with at least 20
units (relaxed to 10 in special
cases), from the beneficiary
cluster that will manage the
CFC.
Diagnostic Study: Preparation of diagnostic study report
(DSR). BMOs help in project implementation or facilitation
Soft Interventions: Creation of general awareness,
motivation and trust building, exposure visits, participation
in seminars, workshops and training programmes on
technology upgradation etc.
Detailed Project Report: Technically and financially viable
project report for setting up of a CFC centre for cluster of
MSE units and/or infrastructure development project for
new industrial estate/ area or for upgradation of existing
infrastructure in existing area
Hard Interventions (subject to approval of DPR): Creation
of common facility centres (CFCs), Design Centres, Testing
Facilities, Training Centre, RD Centres, Effluent
Treatment Plant, etc.
Rs. 2.50 lakh per DSR. For field organisation of
MoMSMERs. 1 lakh per DSR.
75% of project cost maximum up to Rs. 25.00 lakh
per cluster. For clusters with more than 50% (a)
micro/ village (b) women owned (c) SC/ST units, the
GoI grant will be 90%.
Rs. 5.00 lakhs per DPR
50% of the amount sanctioned will be released after
the approval. Balance 50% will be released only after
acceptance of report.
70% of cost of project maximum up to Rs. 15.00
crore and 90% in case of to the clusters with more
than 50% (a) micro/ village (b) women owned (c)
SC/ST units
Office of DC-
MSME through
concerned state
government
For more details
visit:
http://msme.gov.in/
WriteReadData/Do
cumentFile/Modifie
dGuidelinesofMSE.
pdf
State/UT Governments through
an appropriate state government
agency with a good track record
in implementing such projects.
Infrastructure Development: facilities like power
distribution network, water, telecommunication, drainage
and pollution control facilities, roads, banks, raw materials,
storage and marketing outlets, common service facilities and
technological backup services for MSEs in the new/ existing
industrial estates/areas.
The GoI grant will be restricted to 60% of the cost of
project of Rs 10.00 crore. GoI grant will be 80% for
projects, industrial areas/ estates with more than 50%
(a) micro (b) women owned (c) SC/ST units.
Lean
manufacturing
competitiveness
scheme for
MSMEs under
NMCP
All MSME units formed into
mini clusters (MC) of 10 (+/-2)
registered as an SPV (trust/
society/ company).
Assistance from government of India under the scheme is
envisaged towards the cost of conducting awareness
programmes and implementation of LM technique. This
would be carried out in MCs by LMCs.
Up to 80% of the fees of Lean Manufacturing
Consultant (LMC)
To be implemented by an LMC, empanelled with
National Productivity Council.
For more details
visit:
http://www.dcmsm
e.gov.in/Guidelines
%20Lean.pdf
Setting up of
New Mini Tool
Rooms (MTRs)
under Public
(i) Centre PPP Model: Set up
and operated by Private Partner
(individual, company,
association, NGO/society)
Set up of Mini tool rooms and training canters that
undertake and also provide training facility on tool
manufacturing and design, act as a nucleus/common facility
centre and consultancy for small scale industries to assist
GoI financial assistance is follows:
Centre PPP Model: To fill the Viability Gap
restricted to 40% of the project cost or Rs. 9.00
crorewhichever is less.
Request for
Proposal will be
called for.
For more details

Page 60
Private
Partnership
(PPP) Mode
(ii) State PPP Model: Set up
by State Governments in
cooperation with NGOs (SPVs)
who will run the projects on
mutually agreed terms (This
model will be resorted to when
model 1 is not viable)
(iii) Centre State Model:
Projects to be set up and
managed by State Government/
State Government Agencies.
(This model will be resorted to
when model 1 is not viable)
them in product development State PPP model: 90% of the cost of machinery and
equipments restricted to Rs. 9.00 crore.
Centre-State model: 90% of the cost of machinery
and equipments restricted to Rs. 9.00 crore.
visit:
http://www.dcmsm
e.gov.in/schemes/M
TRGudelines_New.
pdf
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)
SFURTI Implementing Agencies (IAs)
are Non-Government
organizations (NGOs),
institutions of the Central and
State Governments and semi-
Government institutions, field
functionaries of State and
Central Govt., Panchayati Raj
institutions (PRIs), etc. with
suitable expertise to undertake
cluster development. Private
sector, Corporates and CSR can
also apply for participation.
Formation of SPV is mandatory
to seek the final approval by IA.
Three broad categories of intervention:
Soft intervention: General awareness building, institution
development, skill development, exposure visits, design
product development, participation in workshops and
training programs
Hard intervention: Common Facility Centres (CFCs),
Raw Material Banks(RMBs),Up gradation of production
infrastructure, warehousing facility, Training centre, Value
addition and processing centre, multiple facilities for
multiple products.
Thematic intervention: Brand Building and promotion
campaign, new media campaign, e-Commerce initiatives,
innovation, RD initiatives, institutional linkages with
existing and proposed clusters.
Four categories of funding:
Soft intervention: 100 % funding subject to
maximum 33% of total project cost or Rs 25 lakhs,
whichever is less
- Hard interventions: 75 % funding
- Thematic interventions: Additional 5% of the total
budget allocation
- Cost of technical agency: 8% of soft and hard
interventions
- Cost of implementing agency: 100% funding.
Maximum Rs.20 lakhs per project
Cluster size wise fund allotment:
- Minor clusters (Up to 500 artisans): Upto 1.5 crores
is the budget limit
- Major clusters(500-1000 artisans): UptoRs 3 crores
is the budget limit
Heritage clusters (1000-2500 artisans): Up to Rs. 8
crores is the budget limit
Deputy Secretary,
Ministry of MSME
For more details
visit:
http://coirboard.gov
.in/wp-
content/uploads/201
5/07/REVISED-
SFURTI-
GUIDELINES-
30.06.2015.pdf
Ministry of Textiles
Comprehensive
Powerloom
Cluster
Development
i)SPVregistered under company
Act having leading
manufacturers, suppliers,
buyers, and artisan
Development of clusters that have 5000 decentralized
power looms or more through i) CFC for pre/post loom
processing ii) Mini-Industrial Parks with work-sheds and
core infrastructure iii) other need based innovations
Ceiling of Rs. 50 cr. inclusive of administrative
expenditure, Monitoring and Evaluation (ME) and
professional fee. Government grant/equity would be
provided with the expectation of matching
through invitation
For more details
visit:

Page 61
Scheme; federations/SHGs as its
stakeholders.(ii)CMTA a private
agency having proven capability
in terms of technical,
managerial, financial,
infrastructure.
iv)technology up gradation v) skill development. investment by the industry in the ratio of 60:40 :
(Government : Private)
http://ministryoftext
iles.gov.in/sites/def
ault/files/11a_Modi
fied_CPCDS_0.pdf
Scheme for
Integrated
Textile Parks of
India
SPV registered under the
companies act with the
representatives of local industry,
financial institutions, state and
central govt etc. Empanelled
Project Management
Consultants (PMC) will enable
implementation and report to
Ministry of Textiles, which shall
directly supervise the
implementation of projects.
Common infrastructure, CFCs, factory building for
production purposes and Up-gradation of existing plant
machinery.
The GoI support under the Scheme by way of Grant
or Equity will be limited to 40% of the project cost
subject to a ceiling of Rs. 40 crore for parks.
GOI support will be generally in the form of grant to
the SPV unless specifically decided by the PAC to be
equity. However, the combined equity stake of
GOI/State Government/State Industrial Development
Corporation, if any, would not exceed 49%.
Project
Management
Committee,
For details visit:
http://ministryoftext
iles.gov.in/sites/def
ault/files/sitp%20ne
w%20park%20guid
elines.pdf
DC-Handicraft, Ministry of Textiles
DastkarShasktik
aranYojana
Eligible Non-Governmental
Organizations, local statutory
bodies, Apex cooperative
Societies and National level
Apex Societies (registered under
society act/ trust act, etc.)
● Community Empowerment for Mobilization of Artisans
into Self Help Groups
● Preparation of DPR/ DSR for which will include the
diagnostic study, interventions to be carried out in the
cluster and the financial requirements for implementing
the programmes contained in the DPR
● Project management Cost for the Implementing Agency to
carry out the above activities (including cost of Cluster
Manager)
● Community Mobilization of Artisans into Self Help
Groups: Rs. 300/- per artisan for the number of
persons surveyed.
● Maximum of Rs. 1 lakh per year/ maximum of
three years for formation of Producer Company/
Federation.
● Preparation of DPR/ DSR: Maximum of Rs. 2
lakhs per annum per moderator for a period of 3
years.
● Project management Cost including wage
compensation to cluster manager: Rs 5 lakhs per
annum for a period of 3 years.
Office of DC
Handicraft
For more details
visit:
http://handicrafts.ni
c.in/pdf/Scheme.pdf
#page=7
DC-Handlooms, Ministry of Textiles
Comprehensive
Handloom
Cluster
Development
Scheme
SPV at cluster level with
representation of key
stakeholders.
Diagnostic Study and formulation of Detailed Project
Report (DPR): Preparation of report by the Technical
Agency for identifying the needs and activities to be
undertaken under the scheme components
Formation of Consortium/SPV: Mobilization of weavers
This activity shall be carried out by the Cluster
Management Technical Agency (CMTA) as a part
of their responsibilities and therefore, this will be met
out from the overall Project Management Cost to be
paid to CMTA.
For more details
visit:
http://handlooms.ni
c.in/writereaddata/1
202.pdf

Page 62
Ministry of health and family welfare
Scheme for
development of
AYUSH
clusters
Units operating in the
Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani,
Homeopathy and Yoga and
Naturopathy sectors.
SPV formed by at least 15
enterprises can apply.
Core interventions- Testing facilities, first level processing
facilities, manufacturing facilities, product display centre,
quality and productivity improvement, standardisation of
raw materials and finished products, development of
references and standards, adoption of new technologies and
processes, application of ERP and other IT tools and skill
development.
Add on interventions: related to marketing/branding,
provision of general infrastructure support to production
units, etc.
The grant is restricted to 60% of the project cost,
maximum of Rs. 15 crores. The remaining 40%
would be required to be arranged by the SPV through
equity, borrowings from Banks / Financial
Institutions and other sources. The assistance will be
utilized only for physical infrastructure, civil works,
construction of building, plants machinery and
equipments.
For more details
visit:
http://ayush.gov.in/
sites/default/files/71
13825026-
Cluster%20scheme
%20without%20Tra
ck%20Change%20
%2021.pdf
Ministry of Chemicals and fertilizers
Scheme for
setting up
plastic parks
State Government or any of its
agencies such as State Industrial
Development Corporation
(SIDC) in association with user
enterprises representing the
plastic sector / sub sector in the
form of SPV.
One time grant in assistance for setting up of plastic parks
towards:
Common facilities such as characterization, prototyping
virtualization, non-destructive material testing, incubation,
training, warehousing, plastic recycling, tooling, designing,
Research Development) and for support services(canteen,
hostel, creche, marketing services etc.),infrastructure (roads,
telecommunication lines, water supply, effluent treatment
plant),etc.
There will be grant funding up to 50% of the project
cost subject to a ceiling of Rs. 40 crore per project.
The remaining contribution in the SPV will be from
the State Government or State Industrial
Development Corporation or similar agencies of
State Government, beneficiary industries and loan
from financial Institutions.
Department of
Chemicals and
Petrochemicals, as
and when there are
calls for proposals.
Ministry of Food Processing
Food processing
park
SPV which shall be a body
corporate registered under the
Companies Act. However, in
case of State Govt./ State
Govt.entities/Cooperatives
implementing the project,
registration of a separate SPV
under the Companies Act will
not be necessary.
Establishment of Core infrastructure such as
i) Collection Centres (CC) and Primary Processing
Centres(PPC) which include grading,sorting,, dry
warehousing, pre-cooling, mobile collection facilities
ii) Central Processing Centre (CPC) as testing labs,
packaging,steam sterilization units, food incubation cum
development centres, cold storage chains etc.
iii) Establishment of non-core infrastructure such
50 % of the eligible project cost for general areas and
75% for difficult/hilly/ ITDP notified areas limited to
50 crores excluding cost of land, pre-operative
expenses and margin money for working capital. At
least 50 acres of land is required for CPC along with
additional land for PPC and CCs for establishing 30-
35 food processing units. Factory buildings should
cover maximum 10 per cent of the area of CPC. For
basic infrastructure maximum Rs. 10 crore and for
non-core infrastructure maximum 10% of the project
cost should be spent from the grant.
For more details
visit:
http://mofpi.nic.in/
H_Dwld.aspx?KYE
wmOL+HGpVvrjs+
CYNMLqhQLFBZ
cdgAOpUMbFczjL
V66KWSasRDw==
Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
Industrial
Infrastructure
State Implementing Agency -
State Infrastructure
Upgrade infrastructure in Industrial Estates/Parks/Areas in
i)Technical Areas like CFC, RD/productdevelopment,
The central government will contribute upto 50%
each of the project cost subject to a ceiling of Rs.50
For more details
visit:

Page 63
Upgradation
Scheme (IIUS)
Development Corporation CETP, Training centre, quality certification, benchmarking
ii)Social Infrastructure like hostels, dormitories for
workers
iii)Physical Infrastructure like roads, water, captive power,
solid waste management/disposal etc.,
Crore. The remaining contribution will be from the
SIA, beneficiary industries and loan from financial
institutions. The minimum contribution of the SIA
will be 25% of the project cost. Projects with
minimum beneficiary industry contribution of 10%
shall be given priority
http://dipp.nic.in/En
glish/Schemes/IIUS
/IIUS_modified_01
August2013.pdf
Mega Leather
Cluster
(MLC)Scheme
SPV that may be promoted by
private companies registered
under the Companies Act, 1956
engaged in leather industry
value chain, industry
organizations registered under
Societies Act,
i)Core Infrastructure: Road, power, streetlights, solid waste
disposal etc.; ii)Social Infrastructure: CFC such as
warehouse, trade /display/convention centre, RMB,
hostels, etc.; iii)Production Infrastructure such as work
sheds;iv) HRD/social infrastructure: Training centre,
library, crèche, restrooms etc.;v)RD Infrastructure:
Product design development centre, testing lab, quality
benchmark centre, material research etc.;vi) Export
services related infrastructure: Clearing Agents, Customs/
Central Excise/ Service Tax offices and DGFT liaison
office
GoI assistance can be upto 50% of the Project Cost,
subject to the limitations as follows, depending on the
total land area of the MLC.
For more details
visit:
http://dipp.nic.in/En
glish/Schemes/ILD
P/MLC_15January2
014.pdf
Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Department of Pharmaceuticals
Cluster
Development
Program for
Pharma Sector
SPV with minimum 10
enterprises as members
Assistance under the Scheme will be admissible for
i) Development of DPR with details of the cluster and the
proposed project
ii) Creation of common facilities such as common testing
labs, training centre, RD centre, ETPs, logistic centres
etc.
i) 50% of the cost of the DPR preparation (maximum
of Rs. 5 lakhs) of which 50% will be released if the
DPR is accepted.
ii)Maximum limit of Rs 20.00 crore per cluster or
70% of the cost of project whichever is less. Gol
grant will be 90% for CFCs for difficult and
backward regions.In case existing land and building
is provided by stakeholders, its cost may be taken
towards contribution for the project.
For more details
visit:
http://pharmaceutic
als.gov.in/sites/defa
ult/files/cluster.pdf
The table above shows that we have lot many and diverse number of schemes and programmes to cater to the demand of MSME sector. Some schemes are
common for all sectors and few are for sector specific. However the benefits from the schemes are not being utilized properly by the cluster in the state. Hence
there is a need to create a dedicated cell who can independently work towards supporting the MSME sector with cluster development approach.

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lhih,l, : DyLVj izksxzke liksVZ ,tsalh
MhvkbZlh : fMfLVªDV baMLVªh lsaVj
Mh,lvkj : Mk;XuksfLVd LVMh fjiksVZ
Mhvks,e,l,ebZ : fMikVZesaV vkWQ ekbØks] Leky ,aM ehfM;e ,aVjizkbtsl
Mhihvkj : fMVsYM izkstsDV fjiksVZ
bZ;w : ;wjksfi;u ;wfu;u
thvksvkbZ : xouZesaV vkWQ bafM;k
thvks,eih : xouZesaV vkWQ e/;izns'k
thohlh : Xykscy oSY;w pSu
vkbZvkbZ;w,l : baMfLVª;y bUÝkLVªDpj vixzsMs'ku Ldhe
dsihvkbZ : dh ijQksesZUl bUMhdsVj
,ybZ : yktZ@yhM ,aVjizkbtsl
,e,lbZlhMhih : ekbØks] Leky ,aVjizkbtslDyLVj MsoysiesaV izksxzke
,evks,lihvkbZ : fefuLVªh vkWQ LVsfVfLVDl ,aM izksxzke baIyhesUVs'ku
,e,l,ebZ,l : ekbØks] Leky ,aM ehfM;e ,aVjizkbtsl
,l,Q;wvkjVhvkbZ : Ldhe vkWQ QaM QkWj jhtujs'ku vkWQ VªsMh'kuy baMLVªht+
,lvkbZMhchvkbZ : Leky baMLVªht+ MsoysiesaV cSad vkWQ bafM;k
,lihoh : Lis'ky ijil Oghdy
,l,lvkbZ : Leky Ldsy baMLVªht
vkj,l : :ihl
Vhvksvkj : VeZ vkWQ fjÝsUl
VhvksVh : Vªsfuax vkWQ n VªsulZ
;w,uvkbZMhvks : ;wukbZVsM us'kUl baMfLVª;y MsoysiesaV vkWxsZukbZts'ku

3 | P a g e
;wihVhbZlh,p : baVhxzsVsM VsDuksykWth vi xzsMs'ku ,aM eSustesaV izksxzke
Vh;wih : VsDuksykWth vi xzsMs'ku izksxzke
ohMhih : osaMj MsoysiesaV izksxzke
rkfydk lwph
rkfydk lwph
rkfydk lwph
rkfydk lwph
rkfydk 1% fofHkUu L=ksrksa ls izkIr eq[; fudkZ
rkfydk 2% v/;;u dh dk;Zi)fr
rkfydk 3% lhih,l, ds fgr/kkjdksa dh lwph
rkfydk 4% fØ;kUo;u ;kstuk
rkfydk 5% vuqekfur ctV vko';drk

4 | P a g e
dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k
dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k
dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k
dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k
1 bl v/;;u dk mís'; e/;izns'k esa DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dks izksRlkgu nsus ds fy, jksMesi
rS;kj djuk gS rkfd lw{e] y?kq o e/;e m|e ¼,e,l,ebZ½ {ks= ds fodkl dks izksRlkfgr
fd;k tk ldsA bl fok; ij vke jk; gS fd nqfu;k ds vusd ns'kksa vkSj Hkkjr ds vusd
jkT;ksa dks DYkLVj fodkl n`fVdks.k viukus ls ykHk gqvk gS ijarq e/;izns'k esa DyLVj fodkl
ds {ks= esa cgqr de lQyrk gkfly gks ldh gSA vVy fcgkjh oktis;h lq'kklu ,oa uhfr
fo'ysk.k laLFkku ¼,vkbZththih,½ }kjk fd, x, bl v/;;u dk mís'; jkT; esa DyLVj
fodkl iz;klksa dh fLFkfr dk v/;;u vkSj QkamMs'ku vkWQ ,e,l,ebZ DyLVj ¼,Q,elh½] ubZ
fnYyh ds lg;ksx ls DyLVj iz;klksa ds fy, uhfrxr jksMesi rS;kj djuk gSA
2- Ng p;fur DyLVjksa dk MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh fd;k x;kA bu DyLVjksa dk p;u jkT; dh
vFkZO;oLFkk esa muds lkekftdvkfFkZd egRo dks n`fVxr j[krs gq, fd;k x;k vkSj blds
fy, bdkbZ;ksa dh la[;k] tksM+k x;k ldy ewY; ¼Gross Value added½] jkstxkj ds voljksa dk
l`tu vkfn dks ekud cuk;k x;kA MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh dk mís'; DyLVjksa dh orZeku fLFkfr
dks leuk] muds le{k mifLFkr leL;kvksa dks tkuuk vkSj ljdkj ds fofHkUu iz;klksa vkSj
;kstukvksa ds laca/k esa bdkbZ /kkjdksa ds lqko tkuuk vkSj muls QhMcSd ysuk FkkA blds lkFk
gh] ftyk m|ksx dsUæksa] vkS|ksfxd dsUæ fodkl fuxeksa] vkfFkZd laLFkkvksa tSls flMch] cSad o
vU; fgr/kkjdksa tSls dPPkk eky miyC/k djokus okyksa] e'khu iznk;drkZvksa] O;olkf;;ksa]
fctusl esacjf'ki vkxZukbZts'kal ¼ch,evks½] cSadjksa o lw{e] y?kq o e/;e m|e fodkl laLFkkvksa
ls Hkh ppkZ dh xbZ rkfd fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa ds fopkjksa vkSj /kkj.kkvksa dks lek tk ldsA
blds vykok] miyC/k tkudkfj;ksa@fjiksVksZa] csLV iszfDVfll bR;kfn dh leh{kk vkSj O;k[;k Hkh
dh xbZA 'kks/k ds fofHkUu L=ksrksa ds eq[; fudkksZa dks fuEu rkfydk esa fn;k tk jgk gS%
rkfydk1 fofHkUu L=ksrksa ls izkIr eq[; fudkZ
N
N
N
Ng DyLVjksa ds
g DyLVjksa ds
g DyLVjksa ds
g DyLVjksa ds MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh ds fudkZ
ds fudkZ
ds fudkZ
ds fudkZ DyLVj laca/kh jkVªh; vkSj oSf'od
DyLVj laca/kh jkVªh; vkSj oSf'od
DyLVj laca/kh jkVªh; vkSj oSf'od
DyLVj laca/kh jkVªh; vkSj oSf'od csLV izsfDVfll ij
csLV izsfDVfll ij
csLV izsfDVfll ij
csLV izsfDVfll ij
f}rh;d 'kks/k ds fudkZ
O;olkf;d vko';
O;olkf;d vko';
O;olkf;d vko';
O;olkf;d vko';drk,a
drk,a
drk,a
drk,a
1- dPPks eky ds cSad
2- v/kkslajpuk dk fodkl vkSj txg dh
vko';drk
3- dkS'ky o ekuo lalk/ku fodkl
4- xq.koRrk vk'oklu o izek.khdj.k
5- O;kikj fodkl lgk;d lsok,a
6- cktkj rd igqap
7- foRrh; tqM+ko
8- rduhdh mUu;u
9- LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ksa o lacaf/kr fu;eksa dk
lg;ksx
DyLVj iz;klksa ls tqM+h leL;k,a
1- lhMhih ls lacaf/kr ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh
dk vHkko vkSj blls tqM+h izfØ;k,a] ftuesa
1- etcwr ,oa /kkj.kh; DyLVjksa dk fodkl] gkMZ
o lkW¶V baVjosU’ku ds fcuk ugha gks ldrkA
2- LFkkuh; DyLVj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dk fodkl
vko';d gS rkfd laiw.kZ ewY; J`a[kyk ls
lacaf/kr futh o lkoZtfud] lkoZtfud o
lkoZtfud vkSj futh o futh laLFkkvksa ds chp
ikjLifjd tqM+ko gks ldsA /kkj.kh;rk vkSj
vPNs urhtksa ds fy, etcwr ch,evks egRoiw.kZ
gSaA
3- vxj gkMZ baVjosU’kuksa dh vko';drk gks rks ;s
lkW¶V baVjosU’ku ds i'pkr fd, tkus pkfg,A
'kq:vkr esa ughaA
4- dq'ky ekuo lalk/kuksa vkSj mRrjnk;h
ifj;kstuk fØ;kUo;u iz'kklfud kaps dk
DyLVj dk;ZØeksa dh lQyrk@foQyrk ij
xgjk izHkko iM+rk gSA

5 | P a g e
3- vc rd dsUæ ljdkj ds ea=ky;ksa] fofHkUu jkT; ljdkjksa] foRr laLFkkvksa] rduhdh laLFkkvksa] 'khkZ
fctusl esacj vkxZukbZts'kuksa o varjkZVªh; ,tsafl;ksa lfgr fofHkUu laLFkkvksa us rhl ls vf/kd DyLVj
fodkl ;kstuk,a@dk;ZØe ykxw fd, gSaA buesa ,e,lbZlhMhih] ,l,Q;wvkjVhvkbZ vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
ijarq bl {ks= dh leL;k,a yxHkx tl dh rl cuh gqbZ gSa vkSj bldk eq[; dkj.k gS fØ;kUo;u
Bhd ls u fd;k tkukA blfy, v/;;u esa ;g vuq'kalk dh xbZ gS fd dksbZ ubZ uhfr@;kstuk@
dk;ZØe vkfn izkjaHk u fd;k tk, vfirq orZeku ;kstukvksa ds izHkkodkjh o dq'ky fØ;kUo;u ds fy,
etcwr ra= fodflr fd;k tk,A gesa ,slk yxrk gS fd fØ;kUo;u dh j.kuhfr dh xgjkbZ ls leh{kk
dh tkuh pkfg, rkfd eq[; pqukSfr;ksa dk eqdkcyk fd;k tk ldsA blds vfrfjDr] ,d ,e,l,ebZ
izdksB dh LFkkiuk fd, tkus dh vko';drk gS tks DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe dk ekxZn'kZu djs] mls
vkxs ys tk, vkSj ,e,l,ebZ bdkbZ /kkjdksa esa lhMhih ds laca/k esa tkx:drk c+k,A
4- tSlk fd ge tkurs gSa ,e,l,ebZ ds le{k mifLFkr leL;k,a vkSj pqukSfr;ka cgqvk;keh gSa vkSj budh
izd`fr lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj i;kZoj.kh; Hkh gSA blfy, bldh mUufr ds fy, lefUor iz;klksa dh
vko';drk gS tks fd lacaf/kr fgr/kkjdksa ds chp leUo; vkSj lgk;rk ds fy, cukbZ xbZ fodkl
;kstukvksa dks ,d dj fd;k tk ldrk gSA var%{ks=h; n`fVdks.k viukdj bl fn'kk esa iz;klksa dks
izHkkodkjh cuk, tkus dh t+:jr gS rkfd muds ykHk yf{kr m|ksx ds fgr/kkjdksa rd igqap ldsaA
blds fy, fofHkUu 'kkldh; ;kstukvksa ds chp rkyesy LFkkfir djus dh t+:jr Hkh gksxhA gekjh
;g vuq'kalk gS fd DyLVj izksxzke liksVZ ,tsalh ¼lhih,l,½ uked ,d O;kid laLFkk dk xBu fd;k
tk, tks ,e,l,ebZ fodkl iz;klksa ds fØ;kUo;u] leUo; vkSj izca/ku dk dke djsA bl laLFkk ds
kaps bR;kfn ds laca/k esa foLr`r fooj.k bl fjiksVZ ds pkSFks v/;k; esa fn;k x;k gSA
5- gekjh ;g /kkj.kk gS fd ,d etcwr vk/kkj cukus ds fy, lhMhih ds laca/k eas tkx`fr mRiUu dh
tkuh pkfg, vkSj DyLVj esfiax ds t+fj, DyLVj MkVkcsl dk fodkl fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vkxs
pydj jkT; dh viuh DyLVj uhfr cukbZ tk ldrh gSA ;gka geus bl uhfr ds fuekZ.k dh
izfØ;k dk foLr`r fooj.k fn;k gS] ftldk mís'; LVsi ckbZ LVsi jkT; DyLVj uhfr dk fodkl
djus dh jkg fn[kkuk gSA vkxs ds v/;k;ksa esa uhfr fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k vkSj bls ykxw djus dh
foLr`r j.kuhfr dk Hkh fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA
6- v/;;u esa DyLVj iz;klksa ds jksMesi ds lkFklkFk] DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds fØ;kUo;u dh
;kstuk dk Hkh izLrko fd;k x;k gSA 'kq:vkr esa uhfr dks ikap lky dh vof/k ds fy, ykxw fd;k
tkuk izLrkfor gSA bl vof/k esa t+ksj DyLVj uhfr ds fuekZ.k] DyLVj fodkl dk ,d etcwr
vk/kkj rS;kj djus vkSj pqus gq, DyLVjkas dk lQy fodkl dj fo'oluh;rk LFkkfir djus ij
gksxkA gekjh ;g ekU;rk gS fd ikap lky dh bl vof/k esa lhih,l,] e/;izns'k ljdkj ds vU;
foHkkxksa vkSj xSjljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa dks bruk Kku vkSj vuqHko gks tk,xk vkSj mudh {kerkvksa dk
,lihoh dk xBu vkSj lh,Qlh dh LFkkiuk
'kkfey gS] dh le dh dehA
2- fgr/kkjdksa esa ijLij fo'okl dk vHkko
ftlls DyLVj fuekZ.k dk ewy mís'; gh
lekIr gks tkrk gSA
3- ;kstukvksa ds fØ;kUo;u dh yach vkSj
tfVy izfØ;k ds dkj.k mRlkg dk vHkkoA
4- vkosnu vkSj ifj;kstuk dh Lohd`fr dh
izfØ;k dk dfBu vkSj cksfy gksukA
5- DyLVj fodkl ds fy, iFkizn'kZu dk
vHkkoA

6 | P a g e
bruk fodkl gks tk,xk fd os e/;izns'k ds vf/kdka'k DyLVjksa esa bl rjg ds iz;kl dj ldsaA
jksMesi esa ik;ysV ifj;kstuk ds ckn bu iz;klksa dh /kkj.kh;rk ij Hkh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
7- lhih, dh Hkwfedk jkT; esa DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk leUo; djus] mudk izca/ku djus vkSj mUgas
rduhdh ekxZn'kZu nsus dh gksxhA DyLVj fodkl ds lkFklkFk] lhih,l, vko';drkuqlkj
fofHkUu laLFkkuksa vkSj m|ksx dks vU; lsok,a Hkh miyC/k djok,xhA ftu eq[; lsokvksa dks miyC/k
djok;k tkuk gS ;k ftUgsa DyLVj iz;klksa ls tksM+k tkuk gS os gSa%
• foRrh; vkSj rduhdh laLFkkuksa o ,uthvks] ch,evks o vU; fodkl laxBuksa lfgr
fgr/kkjdksa ds fy, {kerk fodkl dk;ZØeA
• dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØe
• foØsrk fodkl dk;ZØe ¼chMhih½
• O;kikj fodkl lsokvksa ¼chMh,l½ dks et+cwrh nsuk
• baMfLVª;y fyadst izksxzkEl ¼vkbZ,yih½

7 | P a g e
v/;k; ,d% Hkwfedk
v/;k; ,d% Hkwfedk
v/;k; ,d% Hkwfedk
v/;k; ,d% Hkwfedk
1
1
1
1---- v/;;u d
v/;;u d
v/;;u d
v/;;u dh i`BHkwfe
h i`BHkwfe
h i`BHkwfe
h i`BHkwfe
DyLVj fodkl] Hkkjr ds fy, ubZ vo/kkj.kk ugha gSaA rF; rks ;g gS fd DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe Hkkjr
ljdkj dh ,e,l,ebZ fodkl j.kuhfr dk egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gSaA ijarq dqN ekeyksa dks NksM+dj] bl dk;ZØe
dk fØ;kUo;u Bhd ls ugha fd;k x;kA e/;izns'k ds lanHkZ esa ;g vo/kkj.kk viuh izkjafHkd voLFkk esa gS
vkSj blds dksbZ ifj.kke n`fVxr ugha gks jgs gSaA jkT; us Hkh ,e,l,ebZ DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe 'kq:
fd, gSa ijarq mlds bu iz;klksa dks ml rjg dh ekU;rk ugha feyh gS] ftl rjg dh ekU;rk dqN vU;
jkT;ksa ds iz;klksa dks izkIr gqbZ gSA tSlk fd ge lc tkurs gSa] ,e,l,ebZ lsDVj dh fdlh {ks= ds vkfFkZd
fodkl vkSj mUufr esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA ijarq ,e,l,ebZ lsDVj dh dk;Zdq'kyrk vkSj {kerk
c+kus vkSj bls oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk ls tksM+us ds fy, DyLVj n`fVdks.k dks viukuk egRoiw.kZ gS vkSj
fofHkUu DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa }kjk miyC/k djok, tkus okys voljksa ls ykHk mBkus dh Hkh t+:jr
gSA vkxs ds v/;k;ksa esa bl laca/k esa foLr`r fooj.k fn;k x;k gS fd DyLVj fodkl iz;kl] ,e,l,ebZ
lsDVj ds fodkl vkSj lao/kZu ds fy, D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gSaA
DyLVj ds :i esa m|eksa dh izfrLi/kkZRedrk dk Lrj] bu m|eksa dh ldy {kerk ls vf/kd gksrk gSA
fdlh ,d ,e,l,ebZ m|e dh lalk/kuksa rd igqap lhfer gksrh gS vkSj og vf/kd mRiknu ds dkj.k
gksus okyh ykxr esa deh dk ykHk ugha mBk ikrkA blds foijhr] tks m|e ,d DyLVj dk Hkkx gksrs gSa
mudh lewg ds :i esa {kerk c+ tkrh gS vFkkZr mUgsa ^^la;qDr iz;klksa vkSj LFkkuh; ;k ckgjh vFkZO;oLFkk
eas csgrj izfrLi/kkZRedrk dk ykHk feyrk gS**A ,d nwljs ds lkFk lg;ksx ls os vius lkak vkfFkZd y{;ksa
dks izkIr djus vkSj vius fodkl ds fy, lalk/kuksa vkSj iz;klksa dk lkewfgd :i ls iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
vxj laLFkkxr vkSj uhfrxr ra=] m|eksa dh vko';drkvksa ds izfr laosnu'khy gksa vkSj muds iz;klksa dk
leFkZu djs rks blls mudh lkewfgd dk;Zdq'kyrk esa vkSj o`f) gksrh gSA
,e,l,ebZ dh izfrLi/kkZRedrk dks c+kus ds fy, vkSj mUgsa xfr'khyrk iznku djus ds fy, DyLVjksa dks
yf{kr la;qDr dk;Zokgh djuh gksxh vkSj lkekftd iwath ds vius dksk dks c+kuk gksxkA DyLVj ¼lhMh½
fodkl blh fn'kk esa dne gSaA DyLVj fodkl n`fVdks.k gesa ;g crkrk gS fd fdl rjg vkil esa
izfrLi/kkZ djrs gq, Hkh DyLVj ds m|e ,d nwljs ds lkFk lg;ksx dj vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/k;ksa dh
enn ls DyLVj dks xfr'khy vkSj lQy cuk ldrs gSaA ;g mu DyLVjksa ds ckjs esa Hkh lgh gS tks
vis{kkuqlkj dke ugha dj ik jgs gSaA
e/;izns'k 'kklu dks ,e,l,ebZ dh mUufr ds fy, DyLVj fodkl ds egRo dk ,glkl gS vkSj blfy,
og gj Qksje ij DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dks izksRlkgu ns jgh gSA 'kklu dk iz;kl ;g gS fd bl rjg
dk uhfrxr ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= fodflr fd;k tk, ftlls ;g m|ksx] DyLVj fodkl n`fVdks.k dk ykHk
ysdj viuh izfrLi/kkZRedrk dks c+k ldsA bl v/;;u dk mís'; DyLVj fodkl ds tfj, ,e,l,ebZ
lsDVj dks izksRlkfgr djus gsrq jkT; DyLVj uhfr ds fuekZ.k dk jksMesi izLrqr djuk gSA
2
2
2
2---- e/;izns'k ds fy, ikWfylh jksMesi dh vko';drk vkSj
e/;izns'k ds fy, ikWfylh jksMesi dh vko';drk vkSj
e/;izns'k ds fy, ikWfylh jksMesi dh vko';drk vkSj
e/;izns'k ds fy, ikWfylh jksMesi dh vko';drk vkSj mís';
mís';
mís';
mís';
tSlk fd Åij crk;k tk pqdk gS] e/;izns'k esa vkS|ksfxd mRiknu ds {ks= esa vikj laHkkouk,a gSaA jkT; esa
foiqy izkÑfrd lalk/ku gSa vkSj ,e,l,ebZ dk etcwr vk/kkj Hkh miyC/k gS ijarq e/;izns'k] vc rd
?kjsyw o oSf'od nksuksa gh izdkj dh daifu;ksa ds fuos'k vkdfkZr djus esa ihNs jgk gSA uhfr;ksa esa lq/kkj
vkSj mi;qDr ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dk fodkl dj jkT;] m|ksxksa dks vkdfkZr djus ds fy, gj laHko iz;kl

8 | P a g e
dj jgk gSA DyLVj fodkl] jkT; ds vkS|ksfxd vk/kkj dks c+kus esa ennxkj gks ldrk gSA e/;izns'k ,d
,slk jkT; gS tgka DyLVj fodkl dh izfØ;k us visf{kr xfr ugha idM+h gSA bl ikWfylh jksMesi ds
t+fj, ge DyLVjksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj muds fodkl dh laHkkoukvksa vkSj jkT; dh ,e,l,ebZ dh
izfrLi/kkZRedrk dks c+kus ds fy, mi;qDr mik;ksa dks izLrqr dj jgs gSaA
3
3
3
3---- ikWfylh jksMesi
ikWfylh jksMesi
ikWfylh jksMesi
ikWfylh jksMesi rS;kj djus ds fy, viuk;k x;k
rS;kj djus ds fy, viuk;k x;k
rS;kj djus ds fy, viuk;k x;k
rS;kj djus ds fy, viuk;k x;k rjhdk vkSj dk;Zi)fr
rjhdk vkSj dk;Zi)fr
rjhdk vkSj dk;Zi)fr
rjhdk vkSj dk;Zi)fr
tSlk fd uhps crk;k x;k gS] jkT; ds fy, ikWfylh jksMesi rS;kj djus ds fy, rhu pj.kksa dh izfØ;k
viukbZ xbZA
ÁFke pj.ke/;izns'k
ÁFke pj.ke/;izns'k
ÁFke pj.ke/;izns'k
ÁFke pj.ke/;izns'k ds lanHkZ
ds lanHkZ
ds lanHkZ
ds lanHkZ esa DyLVj fodkl dks leuk%
esa DyLVj fodkl dks leuk%
esa DyLVj fodkl dks leuk%
esa DyLVj fodkl dks leuk% MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh dk mís';] e/;izns'k
ds p;fur DyLVjksa ds lkekftdvkfFkZd ifjos'k dks leuk] muds fodkl ds voljksa vkSj fodkl dh
jkg esa ck/kkvksa dk vkadyu djuk] baVjosU’ku ds fy, lcls izHkkodkjh fcanqvksa dh igpku djuk vkSj
rnkvuqlkj j.kuhfr dh vuq'kalk djuk FkkA mi;qDr uhfrxr dneksa dh vuq'kalk djus ds fy, tks
tkudkfj;ka vko';d Fkha] mUgsa izkIr djus o v/;;u gsrq DyLVjksa ds pquko ds fy, ,d O;ofLFkr
dk;Zi)fr dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA blds fuEu pj.k FksA
fodkl ds voljksa ds nks fofHkUu ifjn`';ksa ds vk/kkj ij Ng DyLVj pqus x,%

9 | P a g e
ifjn`'; 1% ewY; Jà[kyk vkSj v
ifjn`'; 1% ewY; Jà[kyk vkSj vxz.kh QeksZa ls pkfyr DyLVj fodkl%
xz.kh QeksZa ls pkfyr DyLVj fodkl%
xz.kh QeksZa ls pkfyr DyLVj fodkl%
xz.kh QeksZa ls pkfyr DyLVj fodkl% rhu ,sls DyLVjksa dks pquk x;k]
tgka ckt+kj ¼?kjsyw o varjkZVªh; nksuksa½ rd csgrj igqap cukus dh laHkkouk,a FkhaA igqap dks csgrj cukus ds
fy, ;k rks mRikn dks oSf'od ewY; Jà[kykvksa ls tksM+k tk ldrk Fkk ;k vxz.kh QeksZa dks LFkkuh; Lrj
ij fuekZ.k bdkbZ;ka LFkkfir dj ogka dh ekax ls ykHkkafor gksus ds fy, vkdfkZr djus ds iz;klksa esa
lgk;rk dh tk ldrh FkhA
ifjn`'; 2% ewY; Jà[kyk ds mUu;u ds t+fj, DyLVj fodkl%
ifjn`'; 2% ewY; Jà[kyk ds mUu;u ds t+fj, DyLVj fodkl% ,e,l,ebZ QesZa] lkak iz;klksa ls fodflr
gksrh gSaA ;gka gekjk mís'; ewY; [kaMksa ds mPprj Lrjksa esa izos'k djus ;k mldh ;kstuk cukus ds iwoZ] bu
bdkbZ;ksa dks thou fuokZg@vkthfodk dk lk/ku cukus esa enn djuk FkkA DyLVj fodkl ds bl rjhds
esa ,e,l,ebZ QeksZa dks ewY; Jà[kyk esa vkxs c+us esa enn djuh FkhA mnkgj.kkFkZ] os DyLVj tks fuEu
ewY; lao/kZu okys mRiknksa dk mRiknu dj jgs gSa vkSj ewY; Jà[kyk ds fupys Lrj ij gSa ¼vFkkZr izkFkfed
izlaLdj.k dj jgs gSa ;k fuEu ewY; lao/kZu dk;Z dj jgs gSa vkSj mPp ewY; lao/kZu dk;Z DyLVj ds ckgj
fd;k tk jgk gks½] esa mPp ewY; lao/kZu dk;Z izkjaHk dj ewY; Jà[kyk esa vkxs c+us dh laHkkoukvksa dk
vkadyu djukA ;gka mís'; ;g gS fd ;s bdkbZ;ka ewY; Jà[kyk esa vkxs c+us dk iz;kl djus ds igys]
thou fuokZg dk lk/ku cu ldsaA
nksuksa ifjn`';ksa esa dbZ lekurk,a gSa ijarq ;gka gekjk mís'; uewus Lo:i pqus x, Ng DyLVjksa esa fofo/krk
lqfuf'pr djuk Fkk rkfd muls T;knk ls T;knk lh[k ysdj mldk bLrseky j.kuhfrd fu.kZ; ysus ds
fy, fd;k tk ldsA
ifjn`'; ,d ds varxZr DyLVj dk pquko%
ifjn`'; ,d ds varxZr DyLVj dk pquko% rhu izeq[k ekudksa ij m|ksx ls lacaf/kr vkadM+ksa dk ladyu
Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkaf[;dh; ,oa dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=ky; ds 2 fMftV ,uvkbZlh dksM ds okfkZd
vkS|ksfxd losZ 201213 ls fd;k x;kA ;s rhu ekud Fks bdkbZ;ksa dh la[;k] ldy ewY; lao/kZu
¼thoh,½ vkSj jkst+xkjA bu rhuksa ekudksa dk bLrseky mu lsDVjksa dh igpku djus ds fy, fd;k x;k
ftudk vkfFkZd ¼thoh, o bdkbZ;ksa dh la[;k½ vkSj lkekftd ¼jkstxkj½ egRo vf/kd gSA fofHkUu {ks=ksa dks
bu ekudksa ds vk/kkj ij Js.khØe esa j[kk x;k vkSj fQj egRoiw.kZ lsDVjksa dh vafre lwph] muds vkSlr
jSad ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj dh xbZA
de ls de 1]000 bdkbZ;ksa okys vkSj 10]000 yksxksa dks jkst+xkj nsus okys ,sls lsDVjksa dks pquk x;k] ftuesa
cM+s DyLVj cuus dh laHkkouk,a vf/kd FkhaA bl ekunaM ds vk/kkj ij 11 lsDVjksa dh igpku dh xbZA
pj.k nks esa lwpuk ds f}rh;d L=ksrksa tSls Mhlh,e,l,ebZ] dsohvkbZlh] DyLVj vksCtjosVjh vkWQ
bafM;k] e/;izns'k ds ftyk m|ksx dsUæksa dh okfkZd jiVksa vkfn ds vk/kkj ij mijksDr 11 lsDVjksa esa
fo|eku DyLVjksa dks pquk x;kA bl rjg 105 fo|eku DyLVjksa dh lwph rS;kj gqbZA e/;izns'k esa fo|eku
DyLVjksa dh lwph esa ls mu DyLVjksa dh igpku dh xbZ ftudk fodkl oSf'od ewY; Jà[kyk ls tksM+dj
;k vxz.kh QeksZa ds usr`Ro esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy, vkiwfrZ ds lacaf/kr pkj ekudksa mRikn dk
izdkj] bdkbZ;ksa dh la[;k] orZeku ckt+kj vkSj xq.koRrk vkSj ekax ls lacaf/kr nks ekudksa orZeku
oSf'od ewY; Jà[kyk@vxz.kh m|e ls tqM+ko o orZeku cktkj ifjn`'; dk bLrseky fd;k x;kA
izkFkfed losZ{k.k ds vk/kkj ij bl rjhds ls fuEufyf[kr rhu DyLVjksa dks MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh ds fy,
pquk x;kA MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh ls gesa leL;kvksa dks xgjkbZ ls leus esa enn feysxh vkSj ge ;g r;
dj ik,axs fd yf{kr uhfrxr baVjosU’ku ls bu leL;kvksa dks dSls nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
DyLVj 1% bankSj QkekZL;wfVdy DyLVj
DyLVj 2% mTtSu IykfLVd DyLVj

10 | P a g e
DyLVj 3% Xokfy;j VªkalQkeZj
DyLVj 3% Xokfy;j VªkalQkeZj ,IykbZM
,IykbZM
,IykbZM
,IykbZM izksMDV DyLVj
izksMDV DyLVj
izksMDV DyLVj
izksMDV DyLVj
I
II
Ik
kk
kfjn`'; 2 es
fjn`'; 2 es
fjn`'; 2 es
fjn`'; 2 esa DyLVj dk pquko%
a DyLVj dk pquko%
a DyLVj dk pquko%
a DyLVj dk pquko% ifjn`'; ,d eas of.kZr izfØ;k dk bLrseky dj 105 DyLVjksa dh lwph
rS;kj dh xbZA bl lwph esa ls DyLVjksa dk pquko fuEu ekudksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k%
lkekftdvkfFkZd egRo o mPp ewY; lao/kZu mRikn@izfØ;kvksa dks viukus] ubZ rduhdh dk iz;ksx dj
mRikndrk esa lq/kkj ykus vkSj ckt+kj dh laHkkouk,aA bl dk;Zi)fr dk iz;ksx dj] izkFkfed losZ{k.k ds
vk/kkj ij] fuEufyf[kr rhu DyLVjksa dh igpku MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh ds fy, dh xbZA
DyLVj 1%
DyLVj 1%
DyLVj 1%
DyLVj 1% tcyiqj feBku o uedhu DyLVj
DyLVj 2%
DyLVj 2%
DyLVj 2%
DyLVj 2% xquk fczd DyLVj
DyLVj 3%
DyLVj 3%
DyLVj 3%
DyLVj 3% fuejkuh jsMhesM xkjesaV ¼vkj,eth½ DyLVj
f}rh;
f}rh;
f}rh;
f}rh; pj.k
pj.k
pj.k
pj.kcaspekdZ DyLVj fodkl fof/k;ksa
caspekdZ DyLVj fodkl fof/k;ksa
caspekdZ DyLVj fodkl fof/k;ksa
caspekdZ DyLVj fodkl fof/k;ksa dh igpku
dh igpku
dh igpku
dh igpku%%%%
cgqi{kh; ,tsafl;ksa tSls ;w,uvkbZMhvks] ;wjksih; la?k] baVjvesfjdu MsOyiesaV cSad] ;w,l,vkbZMh bR;kfn o
f}i{kh; ,tsfla;ksa tSls Hkkjr ljdkj ds ,e,l,ebZ o foKku vkSj rduhdh ea=ky;] flMch] LVsV cSad
vkWQ bafM;k o xqtjkr] if'pe caxky vkSj vksfMlk dh jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk fd, x, dbZ DyLVj fodkl
iz;klksa dh leh{kk dh xbZ vkSj muesa ls e/;izns'k ds DyLVjksa ds fy, izklafxd lkexzh fpfUgr dh xbZA
r`rh;
r`rh;
r`rh;
r`rh; pj.k
pj.k
pj.k
pj.ke/;izns'k ds fy, D
e/;izns'k ds fy, D
e/;izns'k ds fy, D
e/;izns'k ds fy, DyLVj fodkl uhfr dk ikfylh jksMesi rS;kj djuk
yLVj fodkl uhfr dk ikfylh jksMesi rS;kj djuk
yLVj fodkl uhfr dk ikfylh jksMesi rS;kj djuk
yLVj fodkl uhfr dk ikfylh jksMesi rS;kj djuk%%%%
ikfylh jksMesi] Hkkjr vkSj vU; vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa DyLVj fodkl dh JsB fof/k;ks ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj
fd;k x;k gSA jksMesi dk m)s'; gS DyLVj fodkl ds fy, uhfrxr midj.k ds fuekZ.k esa enn djukA
blesa fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k ds baVjosU’ku ekWMy dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA ;g jkT; ljdkj }kjk
DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe 'kq: djus] fodkl dh izfØ;k ds nkSjku lQyrk ds fy, egRoiw.kZ dkjdksa dks
ifjHkkfkr djus] dk;ZØe dk izca/ku] ftlesa i;Zos{k.k vkSj egRoiw.kZ fuiknu ladsrdksa ds vk/kkj ij
vkadyu 'kkfey gS] djus ds laca/k esa gSA blds vykok] blesa 'kklu ds usr`Ro esa pyus okys DyLVj
fodkl dk;ZØe dks] le; ds lkFk] futh Hkkxhnkjh okys ekMWy esa ifjofrZr djus dh izfØ;k dk Hkh o.kZu
fd;k x;k gSA bleas ;g Hkh crk;k x;k gS fd ljdkj] DyLVj fodkl dh izfØ;k dk rc rd lapkyu
dj ldrh gS tc rd blesa futh {ks= dh i;kZIr Hkkxhnkjh ugha gks tkrhA orZeku dkjdksa ds vk/kkj ij
ikfylh jksMesi ;g Hkh crkrk gS fd fdl izdkj fdlh DyLVj ds lexz y{; dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
v/;;u ds nkSjku ;g iz;kl fd;k x;k fd jkT; ds fgr/kkjdksa ls vf/kd ls vf/kd ppkZ dh tk, rkfd
okLrfod leL;kvksa dks lek tk lds vkSj muds laHkkfor gy ij fgr/kkjdksa ls QhMcSd fy;k tk
ldsA mijof.kZr dk;Zi)fr vkSj gekjs fo'ysk.k ds vk/kkj ij ;g ikfylh jksMesi rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA
ge ikfylh jksMesi ij ppkZ djsa] mlds igys DyLVj fodkl ds jkVªh; vkSj oSf'od ifjn`'; dks leuk
mi;ksxh gksxkA vxys v/;k; esa jkVªh;@oSf'od Lrj ij fd, x, DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dh ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA

11 | P a g e
v/;k; 2% oSf'od DyLVj iz;kl
2
2
2
2----1 DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk
1 DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk
1 DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk
1 DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk Øefodkl
Øefodkl
Øefodkl
Øefodkl
o
o
o
oSf'od Lrj ij DyLVj fodkl iz;kl%
Sf'od Lrj ij DyLVj fodkl iz;kl%
Sf'od Lrj ij DyLVj fodkl iz;kl%
Sf'od Lrj ij DyLVj fodkl iz;kl% fiNys nks n'kdksa esa] izfrLi/kkZRedrk ckus ds fy, DyLVj
fodkl iz;klksa ds iz;ksx esa dkQh rsth vkbZ gSA fiNys ,d n'kd esa varjkZVªh; fodkl laLFkkvksa] ljdkjksa]
daifu;ksa o vU; laLFkkvksa ds ,tsaMs esa DyLVj fodkl us egRoiw.kZ LFkku vftZr fd;k gSA ifj.kkeLo:i
vkt nqfu;k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa lSdM+ksa DyLVj fodkl iz;kl py jgs gSa] ftudk Qksdl vkSj
vkdkjizdkj vyxvyx gSA ;g izk;% bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd os iz;kl dgka vkSj dSls izkjaHk
gq,] fdlus mUgsa izkjaHk fd;k vkSj mudk m)s'; D;k FkkA mnkgj.kkFkZ DyLVj buhf'k,fVo xzhu cqd us
lu~ 2003 esa fo'o eaas yxHkx 500 DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dh igpku dh FkhA ,Q,elh ds ,d vkarfjd
vkadyu ds vuqlkj] lu~ 2016 esa ,sls iz;klksa dh la[;k 50]000 ls vf/kd FkhA ewy ckr ;g gS fd
vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, DyLVjvk/kkfjr iz;klksa dk iz;ksx] vkS|ksfxd o fodkl'khy] nksuksa izdkj ds ns'kksa
esa rsth ls ck gSA bls vYifodflr ns'kksa esa Hkh ekU;rk fey jgh gSA
DyLVj iz;kl D;k gSa] bldh dksbZ LiV ;k O;kid :i ls Lohdk;Z ifjHkkkk ugha gSA dqN fodkl
,tsfla;ka mUgsa izfrLi/kkZRedrk ckus dh iz.kkyh dgrh gSa rks dqN muds fy, DyLVj fodkl iz;kl 'kCn
dk iz;ksx djrh gSaA ;w,l,vkbZMh us dqN le; iwoZ DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dh leh{kk dh vkSj blesa jr
O;fDr;ksa ls ckrphr dhA blls ;g irk pyk fd DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa ds mHkjus dh izfØ;k js[kh; ugha
jgh gS cfYd izfrLi/kkZRedrk ckus ds iz;kl] lu~ 1980 ds n'kd esa gq, rhu fHkUu ?kVukØeksa ds dkj.k
'kq: gq,% 1- ;g /kkj.kk fd vejhdk dh izfrLi/kkZRedrk esa deh vkbZ gS vkSj bls lq/kkjus ds mik;ksa dh
ryk'k( 2- izfrLi/kkZRedrk fl)kar dk fodkl o 3- iwjh nqfu;k esa vkfFkZd izxfr esa futh {ks= dh egRoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk ij tksjA ;s rhuksa ?kVukØe lu~ 1990 esa vyxvyx gq, ijarq le; ds lkFk os ,dnwljs ls
xqFk x, vkSj mUgksaus izfrLi/kkZRedrk ckus dh j.kuhfr;ksa vkSj rjhdksa dks vkdkj fn;kA
;|fi DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dh 'kq:vkr lu~ 1990 ds n'kd ds iwokZ/kZ esa gks xbZ Fkh ijarq lu~ 2000 ds
var esa bu iz;klksa esa mYys[kuh; o`f) gqbZA blds lkFk gh] Mksuj ,tsfla;ksa us fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa DyLVj
vk/kkfjr iz;klksa ds bLrseky dh laHkkouk,a VVksyuk 'kq: dj fn;kA fo'o cSad us lu~ 1995 esa eksjDdks aesa
igyh ckj ,slk iz;kl fd;kA ^yhekjksddkaihVhfVQ^ dk;ZØe fo'o cSad ds lg;ksx vkSj ;wjksih;u la?k ds
foRrh; leFkZu ls izkjaHk gqvkA bldk m)s'; pkj {ks=ksa esa DyLVj fodkl dks lqxe cukuk FkkA ;s DyLVj
Fks oL= ,oa ifj/kku] leqæh mRikn] i;ZVu vkSSj bysDVªkfuDl o lwpuk izkS|ksfxdhA ;wuhMks us viuk
izFke DyLVj fodkl iz;kl 1993 es lsusxy esa fd;kA ;wuhMks dk y{; Fkk laØe.k ds nkSj ls xqtj jgha
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa /kkj.kh; vkS|ksfxd fodkl dks izksRlkgu nsuk vkSj mldh xfr
ckukA ;wuhMks us xjhch mUewyu] lekos'kh oSf'odj.k] i;kZoj.kh; /kkj.kh;rk vkSj uokpkj ds {ks=ksa ij
Qksdl dj oSf'od fodkl ,tsaMs esa vkSj vf/kd egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuh 'kq: dh gSA ;wuhMks] 29 ns'kksa esa
DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa ls tqM+k gqvk gSA mldk eq[; Qksdl vÝhdk ij vkSj mlds ckn e/; vejhdk]
,f'k;k vkSj ykfruh vejhdk ij gSA

12 | P a g e
DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa ds oSf’od mnkgj.k
bVyh%
bVyh%
bVyh%
bVyh% fiNys dqN okksZa esa {ks=h; fofo/krk ij vk/kkfjr DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa dk dkQh fodkl gqvk gSA bldh
'kq:vkr ykW 317 ¼1991½ ls gqbZ] ftlds varxZr ,sls dk;ZØe ’kq: fd, x, tks ^ikjaifjd* vkS|ksfxd {ks=ksa ij
dsfUær FksA bl ykW dk vuqPNsn4 fo’ksk :i ls egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd og NksVh QeksZa ds ^dalksf’kZ;k* ¼la?k½ dh
vo/kkj.kk dks vkSipkfjd Lo:i nsrk gS vkSj QeksZa ds lewgksa ds fy, lkewfgd lsokvksa ¼ftUgas vDlj ^fj;y lfoZlst+*
Hkh dgk tkrk gS½ ds izko/kku dks egRo nsrk gSA blls dbZ fj;y lfoZl dsUæ vfLrRo esa vk,A lu 1999 esa
vkS|ksfxd DyLVjkas ds laca/k esa ,d u;k jkVªh; dkuwu ¼140@99½ vfLrRo esa vk;k] ftlls izfØ;kvksa dk
ljyhdj.k gqvk vkSj fofHkUu {ks=ksa dks viuhviuh j.kuhfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fodkl djus dh 'kfDr feyhA ;s
j.kuhfr;ka eq[;r% jkVªh; ekunaMksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrh Fkha ijarq buesa dqN yphykiu Hkh FkkA dSEisfu;k vkSj
,fefy;k jksesXuk ,sls {ks=ksa ds mnkgj.k gSa] ftUgksaus liksVZ DyLVjkas dk fodkl {ks=h; foRr iksk.k ds tfj, djus
dh viuh ;kstukvksa dks lQyrkiwoZd ykxw fd;kA ykWeckfMZ;k vkSj osusVks {ks=ksa us Hkh vkS|ksfxd {ks=ksa dh enn
djus ds fy, viuk fo/kk;h kapk fodflr fd;kA
**PacchettiIntegrati di Agevolazione ¼ihvkbZ,½** usVofdZax] 20002006 dUVªh vkWijs’kuy izksxzke ¼LFkkuh;
m|ferk dk fodkl½ dk Hkkx gS vkSj blus lsokvksa ds Ø;] izf’k{k.k vkfn ds fy, dalksf’kZ;k ekWMy dks izksRlkfgr
fd;kA blds vfrfjDr] vU; ,sls dk;ZØe Hkh gSa] {ks=h; fodkl ftudk egRoiw.kZ vk;ke gS] fo’kskdj nf{k.kh bVyh
ij dsfUær dk;ZØeA budk lgfoRriksk.k ;wjksih; ;wfu;u ds {ks=h; fodkl dkskksa ls fd;k tkrk gSA buds
vykok] gky esa dqN u, iz;kl Hkh gq, gSa tks mPp o`f) nj okys m|ksxksa dks izkFkfedrk nsrs gq, bu m|ksxksa esa
dkS’ky vkSj fuos’k ds LFkkuh; ladsæ.k ds egRo dks ekU;rk nsrs gSaA bueas VsDuksykWftdy {ks= 'kkfey gSA
dukMk%
dukMk%
dukMk%
dukMk% dukMk esa D;wcsd izkarh; ljdkj us lcls igys lu 1999 esa DyLVj fodkl dk dk;Z gkFk esa fy;kA
ljdkj us 14 DyLVjksa dh igpku dh vkSj gj DyLVj ds fy, lfefr;ka vkSj lsok dsUæ LFkkfir fd,A lu 2002
esa D;wcsd dh izkarh; ljdkj us DyLVj fodkl xfrfof/k;kas ds lapkyu dh ft+Eesnkjh ,lth,Q uked ljdkjh
/kkjd daiuh dks ns nhA buesa ls ftu DyLVjksa us vR;f/kd 'kkunkj izn’kZu fd;k] muesa 'kkfey Fks ¼v½ fu;kxzk]
vksUVsfj;ks dk okbu DyLVj ftlus ^vkbZl okbZUl* ds vuwBs mRikn dk fodkl fd;k vkSj foKkiu vkSj foi.ku ds
{ks=ksa esa DyLVj Lrj ij fuos’k ds t+fj, mPp ewY;kadu ik;k o dbZ varjkZVªh; iqjLdkj thrsA ¼c½ vksVkok dk
flfydu oSyh DyLVj] ftldh lQyrk ds ihNs Fkk vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl ij vHkwriwoZ O;;] iz;ksx’kkykvksa rd
igaqp] VSDl ckn esa tek djus dh lqfo/kk vkSj LVkVZil dks izksRlkguA ¼l½ lLdkVwu ckW;ksVsDuksykWth Ñfk DyLVj
bR;kfnA
ikfdLrku%
ikfdLrku%
ikfdLrku%
ikfdLrku% ih,lvkbZlh o ;wuvkbZMhvks ds lg;ksx ls ,l,ebZMh, us ikfdLrku esa y?kq ,oa e/;e m|ekas ds fy,
DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe izkjaHk fd;kA bl dk;ZØe dk mís'; ikfdLrku ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa 7 ,l,ebZ DyLVjksa
ds fodkl esa enn djuk gSA ,l,ebZMh,] ;wuhMks ds lkFk pkj DyLVjksa esa dke dj jgk gSA buesa 'kkfey gSa
fl;kydksV dk LiksVZ~l fo;j DyLVj] ykgkSj dk vkWVks ikVZl DyLVj] ykgkSj dk gh ihohlh ikbZi o IykfLVd
mRikn DyLVj vkSj jkoyfiaMh@bLykekckn dk ekcZy o xzsukbZV DyLVjA
bZjku%
bZjku%
bZjku%
bZjku% bZjku Leky baMLVªh ,aM baMfLVª;y ikdZ vkWxsZukbZts’ku ¼vkbZ,lvkbZihvks½ us ;w,uvkbZMhvks dh enn ls bZjku
esa DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ’kq: fd;kA vkbZ,lvkbZihvks us 41 DyLVjksa esa DyLVj fodkl dk dk;Z izkjaHk fd;k gS]
ftuesa ls 3 esa ;g dke ;w,uvkbZMhvks dj jgk gSA ;g ,d lexz DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe gS] ftlesa {kerk fuekZ.k
vkSj usVofdZax dks izksRlkfgr dj] LFkkuh; L=ksrkas ls foRrh; leFkZu ds tfj, u, O;olk;ksa dk fodkl fd;k tk
jgk gSA
fo;ruke%
fo;ruke%
fo;ruke%
fo;ruke% fo;ruke ds ;kstuk o fuos’k ea=ky; ¼,eihvkbZ½ us ;w,uvkbZMhvks dh enn ls lu 2009 esa ^,l,ebZ
DyLVj fodkl* dk;ZØe 'kq: fd;kA ;g ifj;kstuk ,eihvkbZ ds v/khu ,aVjizkbZt+ MsOyIesaV ,tsalh ¼,QMhvks½ vkSj
pqfuank vkS|ksfxd la?kksa dh bVyh o ;w,uvkbZMhvks dh ,l,ebZ DyLVj fodkl esa lQyrk ds vuqHkokas ls lh[k ysus
esa enn djsxhA ;g ifj;kstuk] ,l,ebZ fodkl ;kstuk 20062010 ds varxZr dbZ fu.kZ;ksaa dks ykxw djus dh
fn’kk esa egRoiw.kZ dne gSA

13 | P a g e
¼L=ksr% ,Q,elh ofdZax isij½
fo’o esa DyLVj fodkl iz;kl
Hkkjr esa DyLVj fodkl iz;kl%
Hkkjr esa yxHkx 6000 DyLVj gSa vkSj ;g nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh ns’k esa DyLVjksa dh la[;k ls dgha T;knk
gSA Hkkjr ljdkj ds ,e,l,ebZ ea=ky; }kjk lu 2009 esa dh xbZ ,e,l,ebZ dh vf[ky Hkkjrh; x.kuk
ds vuqlkj] ns’k esa 2-61 djksM+ m|e gSa ftuesa 5-94 djksM+ yksx dke dj jgs gSaA bl x.kuk ds vuqlkj]
ns’k ds jkVªh; vkS|ksfxd mRiknu vkSj vkS|ksfxd fu;kZr esa ,e,l,ebZ lsDVj dk va’knku Øe'k% 45
izfr’kr o 40 izfr’kr gS vkSj ns’k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ¼thMhih½ esa bldk ;ksxnku 9 izfr’kr gSA
vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr ds y?kq m|ksx lsDVj dh 77 izfr’kr ,e,l,ebZ vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ;ka DyLVjksa
esa gSa vkSj bl lsDVj dk 72 izfr’kr jkst+xkj] 61 izfr’kr fuos’k] 59 izfr’kr mRiknu vkSj 76 izfr’kr
fu;kZr DyLVjksa dh bdkbZ;ksa ls gksrk gSA

14 | P a g e
Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd DyLV
Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd DyLVj ¼fun’khZ½
j ¼fun’khZ½
j ¼fun’khZ½
j ¼fun’khZ½
(L=ksr: www.clusterobservatory.in)
Hkkjr esa dbZ DyLVj lfn;ksa ls vfLrRo esa gSa vkSj DyLVjksa eas fLFkr m|e] DyLVjksa ds ckgj ds m|eksa ls
csgrj fLFkfr esa gSa ijarq ns'k esa ,e,l,ebZ ds DyLVjvk/kkfjr fodkl dk bfrgkl kbZ n’kd ls vf/kd
iqjkuk ugha gSA lu 1980 ds n'kd ds mRrjk/kZ ls ysdj lu 1990 ds n’kd ds mRrjk/kZ rd] ns’k esa
DyLVj fodkl] fof’kV {ks=ksa ds fodkl ij vk/kkfjr FkkA mnkgj.kkFkZ] rduhdh@xq.koRrk dk mUu;u
ftls rduhdh mUu;u ¼;wihVhbZlh,p½ dk;ZØe dgk tkrk FkkA bldh 'kq:vkr flMch o LVsV cSad vkWQ
bafM;k tSls foRrh; laLFkkuksa vkSj rRdkyhu y?kq m|ksx ea=ky; us dh FkhA lu 1996 esa ;w,uvkbZMhvks us
,d v/;;u ds t+fj,] ns’k esa 138 DyLVjksa dh esfiax dhA blh okZ] ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr vkfcn gqlSu
lfefr us DyLVjksa ds t+fj, ,e,lbZ dks izksRlkgu nsus ds egRo vkSj bl izfØ;k esa fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa dh
Hkwfedk dks js[kkafdr fd;kA vkxkeh okksZa esa ;w,uvkbZMhvks us 7 DyLVjksa esa DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØekas dk
fØ;kUo;u fd;kA buesa DyLVj fodkl ds fy, lkekftd iwath ds j.kuhfrd bLrseky ij fo’ksk t+ksj
fn;k x;k FkkA ;w,uvkbZMhvks us ,d ,slh dk;Zi)fr dk fodkl o izpkj fd;k] ftlds t+fj, lkekftd
iwath dks dsUæ esa j[krs gq,] DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe gkFk esa fy, tk ldrs FksA ijarq ns’k es] fo’kskdj
ikjaifjd fuekZ.k {ks= esa] DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa ¼lhMhih½ us jkVªh; Lrj ij lu 200203 esa xfr
idM+hA blesa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ ,e,l,ebZ ea=ky; vkSj y?kq m|ksx DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe
¼,lvkbZlhMhih½ ;kstuk usA bl ;kstuk dk uke lu 20061
esa lw{e o y?kq m|e DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe
¼,e,lbZlhMhih½ j[k fn;k x;kA tSlk fd Åij crk;k tk pqdk gS] blds ckn ,l,Q;wvkjVh uked
;kstuk ykxw dh xbZ vkSj rRi’pkr ,e,l,ebZ esa izfrLi/kkZRedrk dks izksRlkgu nsus ds fy, ,u,elhih
uked ;kstuk ykxw dh xbZA
blds ckn ls jkVªh; Lrj ij lexz DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa us mYys[kuh; xfr idM+hA Hkkjr ljdkj
ds ea=ky;ksa] jkT; ljdkjkas] foRrh; laLFkkvksa] rduhdh laLFkkvksa] ’khkZ fctusl esEcj laLFkkvksa vkSj
1
ikWfylh LVsVl isij vkWu DyLVj MsOyiesaV] 2007] ,Q,elh

15 | P a g e
varjkZVªh; ,tsafl;ksa lfgr fofHkUu laLFkkvksa }kjk vc rd DyLVj fodkl ij vk/kkfjr 30 ls vf/kd
;kstuk,a@dk;ZØe izkjaHk fd, tk pqds gSaA
blds vfrfjDr] dbZ ea=ky;ksa o foHkkxksa] ftuesa diM+k ea=ky; vkSj foKku ,oa rduhdh foHkkx ’kkfey
gSa] us DyLVj fodkl dk dke cM+s iSekus ij ’kq: fd;kA blds vfrfjDr] ukckMZ o flMch tSlh 'kkldh;
laLFkkvksa vkSj ch,QvkbZMh] thvkbZts+M o vkbZ,yvks tSlh varjkZVªh; laLFkkvksa us i;kZIr vof/k ds fy,
lexz DyLVjvk/kkfjr fodkl iz;kl fd,A vkS|ksfxd laLFkkvkas tSls dkWfUQfMjs’ku vkWQ bafM;u baMLVªht+
¼lhvkbZvkbZ½ us fiNys ,d n’kd esa 240 DyLVjksa ¼m|eksa ds lewg tks vko’;d :i ls fdlh fof’kV
HkkSxksfyd {ks= esa fLFkr ugha Fks½ dks lacay fn;k vkSj bu DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa ls yxHkx 2500 bdkbZ;ka
ykHkkafor gqbZaA
fo’oluh; vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj] eq[;r% ljdkjh lgk;rk ;kstukvksa dk bLrseky dj] 2000 ls vf/kd
DyLVjksa esa fofHkUu DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ’kq: fd, x, gSaA ijarq cgqr de jkT; ljdkjksa us Hkkjr
ljdkj ds ea=ky;ksa }kjk ykxw fd, x, DyLVj dk;ZØeksa esa lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh dhA ,slh jkT; ljdkjksa dh
la[;k vkSj Hkh de gSa ftUgksaus DyLVj fodkl dh viuh ;kstuk,a ykxw dh gksaA
2-2 DyLVj laca/kh csLV izsfDVfll ls lcd
cgqi{kh; ,tsafl;ksa tSls ;w,uvkbZMhvks] ;wjksih; la?k] baVjvesfjdu MsOyiesaV cSad] ;w,l,vkbZMh bR;kfn o
f}i{kh; ,tsfla;ksa tSls Hkkjr ljdkj ds ,e,l,ebZ o foKku vkSj rduhdh ea=ky;] flMch] LVsV cSad
vkWQ bafM;k o xqtjkr] if'pe caxky vkSj vksfMlk dh jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk fd, x, dbZ DyLVj fodkl
iz;klksa dh leh{kk dh xbZ vkSj muesa ls e/;izns'k ds DyLVjksa ds fy, izklafxd lkexzh fpfUgr dh xbZA
bu lc dk fooj.k bl [kaM esa fn;k x;k gS vkSj budk bLrseky fjiksVZ ds vxys [kaM esa ikWfylh jksMesi
dk lqko nsus ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA
,e,l,ebZ] fof’kV lsDVjksa vkSj {ks=ksa esa dke djrs gSa vkSj bu lsDVjksa vkSj {ks=kas ds ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dk]
mudh j.kuhfr vkSj ifjpkyu ij egRoiw.kZ izHkko iM+rk gSA bl ikfjfLFkdh; ra= esa 'kkfey gSa eq[;
m|ksx] mudk ewY; J`a[kyk esa mRiknuiwoZ o mRiknuksRrj la;kstu] leFkZd laLFkku] lsok iznk;d]
fofu;ked] uhfr fuekZrk] varjkZVªh; ckt+kj vkfnA ,e,l,ebZ vdsys esa dke ugha djrs vkSj LFkkuh; o
lsDVj laca/kh ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=] mudh izfrLi/kkZRedrk dks izHkkfor djrk gSA jkT; o lsDVj laca/kh
ikfjfLFkdh; ra= esa 'kkfey gSa m|eksa ds lewg] lacaf/kr laLFkk,a o O;fDr tks vius ijLij la;kstu ls
mRiknd ykHk vftZr djrs gSaA DyLVj blh ikfjfLFkdh; ra= ls mHkjrs gSa vkSj mUufr djrs gSaA ,d
nwljs ds ut+nhd gksus ds dkj.k mUgsa izfrLi/kkZRed ykHk izkIr gksrs gSa ftuesa 'kkfey gSa fo’kskKrk izkIr
dk;Zcy ,oa iznk;d vkSj lwpukvksa] Kku o lsokvksa dk vknkuiznkuA ijarq bu lc ykHkksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh]
bl rjg ds dbZ ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=] izfrLi/kkZRedrk ls tqM+h leL;kvksa ls tw jgs gSaA bldk eq[; dkj.k
lkak dk;ksZa esa lg;ksx ds fy, la;kstukvksa dk vHkko gSA urhts esa os viuh iwjh {kerk ls dke ugha dj
jgs DyLVjksa ds :i esa oxhZÑr dj fn, tkrs gSaA blds vykok] ,sls {ks=ksa esa LFkkuh; m|e] leFkZd
iz.kkfy;ksa] laLFkkxr lqfo/kkvksa vkSj mPp Lrj dh O;olk; fodkl lsokvksa dk mi;ksx ugha djrsA viuh
{kerk ls de dke dj jgs ;s DyLVj] dher ij vk/kkfjr xykdkV izfr;ksfxrk] ykHk dh ?kVrh nj vkSj
fuEu O;kolkf;d izn’kZu ds nqpØ esa Qal tkrs gSaA
fdlh Hkh ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dh xfr’khyrk dh] fodkl laca/kh y{;ksa dks ikus vkSj m|ksx dh
izfrLi/kkZRedrk esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA de xfr’khy ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=ksa esa fgr/kkjdksa ds chp
la;kstu dk ;k rks iw.kZ vHkko gksrk gS vFkok os cgqr det+ksj gksrs gSaA tSlk fd uhps fn[kk;k x;k gS]
fdlh ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dh xfr’khyrk dk lh/kk laca/k ml ra= ds fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa vkSj muds chp

16 | P a g e
ijLij la;kstu dh etcwrh ij fuHkZj djrk gSA bl rjg ds la;kstu ls gh DyLVj dh izfrLi/kkZRedrk
esa o`f) gksrh gSA bl la;kstu dks fodflr djus ds fy, vko’;d gS fd ,e,l,ebZ vius xzkgdksa] cM+s
[kjhnnkjksa] vksbZ,e] fu;kZrdksa] dPpk eky iznk;dksa] midj.k iznk;dksa] vlsEcyjksa] miBsdsnkjksa vkfn dks
O;fDrxr vkSj DyLVj ds ifjis{; nksuksa ls ns[ksaA
fuEu fuiknu fo:) mPp fuiknu DyLVj
¼
¼
¼
¼ Under Performing Vs Performing Cluster½
½
½
½
mPp fuiknu o fuEu fuiknu DyLVjksa ds y{k.k fuEukuqlkj gSa%
fuEu fuiknu
fuEu fuiknu
fuEu fuiknu
fuEu fuiknu ¼
¼
¼
¼Under Performing½
½
½
½ mPp fuiknu
mPp fuiknu
mPp fuiknu
mPp fuiknu ¼
¼
¼
¼Performing½
½
½
½
• QeksZa vkSj vU; fgr/kkjdksa ds chp vkarfjd
vkSj cká lg;ksx dk vHkko ;k deh
• QeksZa dh fuEu mRikndrk vkSj fuEu
izfrLi/kkZRedrk
• chMh,l la;kstuksa dh deh ;k mudh
vuqifLFkfr
• vLoLFk izfr;ksfxrk
• det+ksj vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk
• mRiknu ds ,sls rjhds tks /kkj.kh; ugha
gSaA
• QeksZa vkSj vU; fgr/kkjdksa ds chp mPp
Lrj dk cká vkSj vkrafjd lg;ksx vkSj
et+cwr leFkZd uhfrxr okrkoj.k
¼fodklxr o fu;ked½
• ,e,l,ebZ vkSj leFkZd laLFkkvksa
¼rduhdh@xSjrduhdh½] iznk;dksa] cSadksa]
vksbZ,e] Øsrkvksa] thohlh bR;kfn ds chp
mPp la;kstu
• etcwr chMh,l la;kstu ¼ckt+kj ij
vk/kkfjr vkSj ekax pkfyr j.kuhfrd o
ifjpkyuxr O;kikj fodkl lsok iznk;dksa
dk ,e,l,ebZ ds lkFk l?ku la;kstu½
• ,e,l,ebZ ds chp ijLij lg;ksx vkSj
izHkkodkjh DyLVj
• vR;k/kqfud vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk ¼lkekU;
lM+dsa] jsyos] fo|qr] ty bR;kfn o
DyLVj laca/kh tSls Vwfyax] vuqla/kku ,oa
fodkl] ijh{k.k] iSdsftax bR;kfn½
• /kkj.kh; mRiknu izfØ;k ¼vif'kV izca/ku
iz.kkyh] iznwk.k u QSykus okyh rduhdh
dk iz;ksx½
fdlh Hkh jkT; dk vkfFkZd izn'kZu] Kku ds fuekZ.k vkSj mlds izlkj esa lkewfgd ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ds
fofHkUu lnL;ksa ds ijLij varO;Zogkj ij fuHkZj djrk gSA bu lnL;ksa esa 'kkfey gSa laLFkku] m|ksx] f'k{kk
txr o ljdkjA blds lkFk gh] vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl] foRr iksk.k] mn~Hkou] v/kkslajpuk] ckt+kj o
O;kikj tSls dkjd Hkh fdlh vkS|ksfxd ikfjfLFkdh ra= eas egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA bu lnL;ksa ds chp
ftruk vf/kd vkSj izHkkodkjh varlZaca/k gksxk] lQyrk dh nj mruh gh vf/kd gksxhA jkT;Lrjh;

17 | P a g e
vkS|ksfxd ikfjfLFkdh ra= dks et+cwr cukus ds fy,] fofu;ked o fodklkRed uhfr fuekZrkvksa] m|eksa
vkSj mudh izfrfuf/k laLFkkvksa] lsok iznk;dksa vkSj cSadksa ds lefUor iz;kl vko';d gSaA
e/;izns'k ds ,e,l,ebZ dks fnYyh ls viuh ut+nhdh] esd bu bafM;k vfHk;ku ds varxZr fuos'k dks
izksRlkgu] Mh,evkbZlh ds fodkl vkfn ds dkj.k vkS|ksfxd mUufr ds Hkjiwj volj miyC/k gSaA ijarq
muds lkeus dbZ leL;k,a Hkh izLrqr gSaA buesa 'kkfey gSa ifjpkyu ds bVre iSekus dk vHkko (Sub-
Optimal scale of operation)] iqjkuh rduhdh dk iz;ksx] vdk;Zdq'ky vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk] mRiknksa dk
O;olk;hdj.k] /ku dh deh] fuekZ.k j.kuhfr;ksa esa ifjorZu vkSj vfuf'pr o rst+h ls cnyrk ckt+kjA
blds vykok] oSf'od vkfFkZd eanh us Hkh ,e,l,ebZ ij xgjk izHkko Mkyk gSA cM+h la[;k esa dkexkjksa dks
gVk;k x;k gSA blds ihNs gS mRiknksa dh ekax vkSj _.k dh miyC/krk esa deh vkSj m/kkj fcØh dh jkf'k
olwy djus esa ijs'kkfu;kaA
bu leL;kvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, cgqvk;keh iz;kl djus gksaxs ftlesa jkT;] lsDVj o DyLVj Lrj ds
fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa dks 'kkfey djuk gksxkA fofHkUu lkoZtfud lgk;rk ;kstukvksa] laLFkkxr Kku
{kerkvksa@lqfo/kkvkas ls miyC/k gksus okys fodkl lalk/kuksa dks fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa ds chp leUo; ls bu
lHkh Lrjksa ij miyC/k djokuk gksxkA
gekjk y{; gS fd ifj;kstuk mRiknksa dks ^esd bu bafM;kesd bu ,eih*] ^t+hjks fMQsDV] thjks bQsDV* ds
o`gr y{;ksa ls tksM+k tk, rkfd e/;izns'k] ns'k dk lokZf/kd ilanhnk mRiknu dsUæ cu ldsA gekjh ;g
ekU;rk gS fd orZeku ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dks cnyus ds fy, ;g t+:jh gS fd ge ;g ns[ksa fd vkn'kZ
ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= fdl rjg dk gksuk pkfg, vkSj e/;izns'k ds orZeku ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= vkSj vkn'kZ
ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ds chp fdl rjg ds varj gSaA
vkn'kZ ,e,l,ebZ ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=

18 | P a g e
DyLVj fodkl dh lQyrk o /kkj.kh;
DyLVj fodkl dh lQyrk o /kkj.kh;rk ds fy, eq[; fcUnw
rk ds fy, eq[; fcUnw
1. et+cwr vkSj /kkj.kh; DyLVjksa dk fuekZ.k] gkMZ o lkW¶V baVjosU’ku ds fcuk rc rd ugha fd;k tk
ldrk tc rd fd LFkkuh; vkS|ksfxd la?k@,lihoh bl ft+Eesnkjh dks mBkus esa l{ke u gksaA
,sls lkW¶V baVjosU’ku ] ftuds y?kq vkSj nh?kkZof/k ifj.kke LiV ifjyf{kr gksa] izkjafHkd pj.kksa esa
ifjorZu ds izfrjks/k ij dkcw ikus esa lgk;d gks ldrs gSaA
2. LFkkuh; DyLVj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dk fodkl vko';d gS] rkfd laiw.kZ ewY; J`a[kyk ls lacaf/kr
futh o lkoZtfud] lkoZtfud o lkoZtfud vkSj futh o futh laLFkkvksa ds chp ikjLifjd
tqM+ko gks ldsA /kkj.kh;rk vkSj vPNs urhtksa ds fy, etcwr ch,evks egRoiw.kZ gSaA
3. vxj gkMZ baVjosU’kuksa dh vko';drk gks rks ;s lkW¶V baVjosU’ku ds i'pkr fd, tkus pkfg,]
'kq:vkr esa ughaA
4. dq'ky ekuo lalk/kuksa vkSj mRrjnk;h ifj;kstuk fØ;kUo;u iz'kklfud kaps dk DyLVj fodkl
dk;ZØeksa dh lQyrk@foQyrk ij xgjk izHkko iM+rk gSA vkS|ksfxd la?kks@,lihoh dk
izHkkodkjh usr`Ro vkSj l{ke lfpoh; LVkWQ] tks nSuafnu dk;ksZa dks dj lds] Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSaA
,e,l,ebZ ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=] izkFkfed rkSj ij futh {ks= }kjk pkfyr gksuk pkfg,] tks okf.kfT;d n`fV
ls O;ogk;Z fu.kZ; ysdj fofHkUu lsok,a iznk; dj ldsA blds vfrfjDr] mUgsa lkekU; fgrksa dh iwfrZ ds
fy, ,dnwljs ds lkFk lg;ksx djuk pkfg,A mUgas lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa ds lkFk feydj bl rjg ds
dne mBkus pkfg, ftlls laiw.kZ ,e,l,ebZ {ks= dks ykHk gksA ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= esa lkoZtfud laLFkkuksa
dh Hkwfedk dsoy fui{k o ikjn'khZ fu;e cukus vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djus dh gksxh fd dkuwukas dk leqfpr
ikyu gksA blds vfrfjDr] lkoZtfud laLFkku] futh {ks= ds lkFk LoLFk laokn djsaxs rkfd mudh
leL;kvksa dks lek tk lds vkSj os lekt ds O;kid fgr esa futh {ks= ds lexz fodkl dks c+kok nsus
ds fy, fd, tkus okys dk;ksZa esa fgLlsnkjh djasA
DyLVj fodkl ds dke dks O;ofLFkr :i ls fd;k tkuk gksrk gS vkSj blds fofHkUu pj.k ijLij ,d
nwljs ls vyx ugha gksrsA lkekU;r% os ,d nwljs ls tqM+s gq;s gksrs gSaA fo'kskdj i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu dk
dk;Z fujarj pyrk gS vkSj MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh] dk;Z;kstuk dks rS;kj djus vkSj mlds fØ;kUo;u esa
mldh Hkwfedk gksrh gSA blh rjg] ijLij fo'okl dk fuekZ.k ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS tks lHkh Lrjksa ij
dk;Zjr~ gksrh gSA ijLij fo'okl ds fuekZ.k ds vkSipkfjd rjhds ¼dk;Z'kkyk] lsehukj] ifjp; ;k=k,a
bR;kfn½ gSa ijarq f}i{kh; vkSj vukSipkfjd lkewfgd cSBdksa ls Hkh ijLij fo'okl ds fuekZ.k dh jkg iz'kLr
gksrh gSA MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh fjiksVZ rS;kj djus dh izfØ;k ds nkSjku gh dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh o DyLVj
fgr/kkjdksa ds chp ijLij fo'okl ds fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k 'kq: gks tkrh gSA
fofHkUu DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa ls tks eq[; f'k{kk,a yh tk ldrh gSa os fuEukuqlkj gSa%
1 DyLVj fodkl iz;kl lkoZtfud fgr esa fd, tkus okys lkewfgd dk;ksZa ls vkxs tkdj fodkl
ekWMyksa dk fuekZ.k dj jgs gSa% QeksZa ds lewgksa dks ljdkj ds baVjosU’ku vkSj e/;LFkrk ls O;kid
izksRlkgu fey jgk gSA ikjaifjd :i ls DyLVj dh mi;ksfxrk ;g Fkh fd og m|evk/kkfjr
vko';drkvksa] voljksa vkSj pqukSfr;ksa ds lanHkZ esa lkewfgd :i ls dk;Z djus dks izksRlkfgr djrk
gSA ijarq 'kuS% 'kuS% ;g ,glkl fd;k x;k fd lkewfgd :i ls dk;Zokgh fd, fcuk Hkh
ckt+kjvk/kkfjr ekWMykas dks DyLVj ds tfj, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,sls ekeyksa esa
DyLVj dks lsok iznkrkvksa vkSj lsok pkgus okyksa ds fy, laHkkfor ckt+kj ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk
gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ ewY; J`a[kyk esa fuos'k dks izksRlkfgr djus vkSj chMh,l fodkl ds fy, lkewfgd
dk;Zokgh dh vko';drk ugha gS ijarq ;fn DyLVjksa esa la;kstu LFkkfir gks tkrs gSa rks blls
/kkj.kh; ifj.kke izkIr fd, tk ldrs gSaA

19 | P a g e
2 ckt+kjvk/kkfjr ekWMyksa esa m|eksa dk lewg] ,dy m|eksa ls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gksrk gS D;ksafd
blls cM+s iSekus ij mRiknu djus] fof'kV mRikn cukus vkSj ysunsu ykxr dks de djus esa
enn feyrh gSA ledkyhu pqukSfr;ksa ls DyLVjkas esa u, uhfrxr
ledkyhu pqukSfr;ksa ls DyLVjkas esa u, uhfrxr
ledkyhu pqukSfr;ksa ls DyLVjkas esa u, uhfrxr
ledkyhu pqukSfr;ksa ls DyLVjkas esa u, uhfrxr fodYiksa ds }kj [kqy jgs
fodYiksa ds }kj [kqy jgs
fodYiksa ds }kj [kqy jgs
fodYiksa ds }kj [kqy jgs gSa%
gSa%
gSa%
gSa%
vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds {ks= esa u, volj vkSj ubZ pqukSfr;ka mHkj jgh gSaA ftu {ks=ksa esa ubZ
pqukSfr;ka mHkj jgh gSa muesa 'kkfey gSa /kkj.kh; mRikn fMt+kbZu] i;kZoj.k dk fxjrk Lrj]
vif'kV iqu%izlaLdj.k vkfnA varjkZVªh; Lrj ij ;wjksih; ;wfu;u] ^fLop ,f'k;k ,aM fLop
vÝhdk* dk;ZØe lapkfyr dj jgh gS ftldk mís'; /kkj.kh; mRiknu vkSj miHkksx lqfuf'pr
djuk gSA fo'o cSad] Xykscy ,Uok;jesaV QsflfyVh iz;klksa ds t+fj, ,slh izfØ;kvksa dk fodkl
dj jgk gS] ftuls ÅtkZ dk vf/kd dk;Zdq'ky mi;ksx gks ldsA jkVªh; Lrj ij i;kZoj.k ,oa
ou ea=ky; vkSj ,e,l,ebZ ea=ky; ,sls dqN pqfuank lkak iz;klksa dk leFkZu dj jgk gS] ftuls
i;kZoj.kh; pqukSfr;ksa ls eqdkcyk fd;k tk ldsA ijarq bu pqukSfr;ksa ls eqdkcyk djus ds fy, ;s
dk;ZØe i;kZIr ugha gSaA orZeku vkS|ksfxd DyLVjksa ds vklikl c+rs 'kgjhdj.k ds dkj.k
fofu;ked izkf/kdkjh vkSj U;k;ikfydk] DyLVjksa ds iqu%LFkkuu ij t+ksj ns jgh gSA ;g ,d
egRoiw.kZ uhfrxr pqukSrh ds :i esa mHkjk gS ftlls fuiVus ds fy, dksbZ lqlaxr] uhfrxr
vuqfØ;k miyC/k ugha gSA blds vykok] bl laca/k esa dk;Zi)fr;ka vkSj ldkjkRed mnkgj.k vc
rd lkeus ugha vk, gSaA
3
3
3
3 O;kid DyLVj fodkl y{;ksa dk LFkku vf/kd dsfU
O;kid DyLVj fodkl y{;ksa dk LFkku vf/kd dsfU
O;kid DyLVj fodkl y{;ksa dk LFkku vf/kd dsfU
O;kid DyLVj fodkl y{;ksa dk LFkku vf/kd dsfUæ
æ
æ
ær y{; ys jgs gSa%
r y{; ys jgs gSa%
r y{; ys jgs gSa%
r y{; ys jgs gSa% lu 19902000 dh vof/k
esa DyLVj fodkl iz;kl] eq[;r%] rduhdhiz/kku m|ksxksa tSls fpfdRlk midj.k]
ckW;ksQekZL;wfVdYl] peM+k] vkWVks ikV~lZ vkfn ij dsfUær Fks] ftudk O;kid y{; ,l,ebZ dh
mRikndrk vkSj izfrLi/kkZRedrk c+kuk FkkA ijarq 20002010 dh vof/k esa] DyLVj fodkl ds
y{;ksa esa dbZ ifjorZu vk,A bl nkSjku ;w,uvkbZMhvks o ;w,l,vkbZMh tSlh varjkZVªh; ,tsafl;ksa
us DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa dk bLrseky xjhch gVkvks] O;kikfjd mRrjnkf;Ro ds lao/kZu o
lekos'kh fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, djuk 'kq: fd;kA dbZ ns'kksa us gFkdj?kk] gLrf'kYi
vkfn tSls vukSipkfjd lsDVj ds xzkeh.k m|eksa ij dsfUær baVjosU’ku fd,A ;wjksi esa fofHkUu
{ks=ksa esa DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk Qksdl] uokpkj ij gks x;kA Hkkjr esa foKku o rduhdh
ea=ky; vkSj jkVªh; uoksUesk ifjkn us ,sls DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe 'kq: fd,] tks uokpkj ij
dsfUær FksA fofHkUu ns'kksa ds leku ;k feyrstqyrs lsDVjksa ds chp O;kolkf;d la;kstuksa dks
c+kok nsus ds fy, vkSj mUgsa ,dnwljs ls lh[kus esa enn djus ds fy,] ;wjksih; ;wfu;u vkSj
;w,uvkbZMhvks us bVyh] fo;ruke] Hkkjr vkSj dqN ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa pqfuank baVjosU’kuksa dk leFkZu
fd;kA DyLVj czkafMax eas enn djus ds fy, ;wjksih; ;wfu;u vkSj ;w,uvkbZMhvks us ;wjksi] vÝhdk
o ykfruh vejhdk esa fofo/k {ks=ksa ds dbZ ,sls DyLVjksa dh enn dh] tks vuwBs mRikn vkSj lsok,a
miyC/k djok jgs FksA
4 ,ybZ@thohlh pkfyr DyLVj fodkl%
,ybZ@thohlh pkfyr DyLVj fodkl%
,ybZ@thohlh pkfyr DyLVj fodkl%
,ybZ@thohlh pkfyr DyLVj fodkl% cM+s@vxz.kh m|e ¼,ybZ½ o oSf'od ewY; Jà[kyk ls
pkfyr ewY; Jà[kyk LFkkuh; Lrj ij ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gS] ftlesa NksVs m|e
fodflr gks ldsa vkSj Jà[kyk ls tqM+ ldsaA ewY; Jà[kyk esa bl rjg ds voljksa dk l`tu dj]
,ybZ o thohlh u dsoy ckt+kj esa u, volj miyC/k djokrs gSa cfYd bl izfØ;k ds nkSjku
y?kq m|eksa dh rduhdh o xSjrduhdh mik;ksa ls {kerk fuekZ.k esa Hkh enn djrs gSaA Hkkjr vkSj
mRrj iwohZ ,f'k;k] phu] tkiku vkfn dh vkS|ksfxd :i ls fodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa dbZ ,sls
mnkgj.k gSa tgka bl rjg ds ,dhdj.k o lekesyu us y?kq m|ksxksa dh izfrLi/kkZRedrk dk
fodkl djus esa enn dh gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ fr:fpjkiYyh bathfu;fjax o /kkrqdeZ DyLVj esa ch,pbZ,y dh LFkkuh; bdkbZ ds
vuqxkeh lSadM+ksa NksVs m|e gSA bu m|eksa dks vkiwfrZ Jà[kyk esa lq/kkj ls Qsfczds'ku ds dk;Z esa

20 | P a g e
mRÑVrk gkfly djus esa enn feyhA blh rjg] dksydkrk ds ySnj DyLVj dks ,d varjkZVªh;
chMh,lih dh lgk;rk ls tkiku ds :i esa ,d u;k fu;kZr ckt+kj miyC/k gqvkA bl chMh,lih us
tkiku ds ckt+kj dk losZ{k.k fd;k vkSj ogka dh bdkbZ;ksa dks ySnj ,e,l,ebZ ls tksM+kA blh rjg]
dbZ vU; Hkkjrh; DyLVjksa dks bl izfØ;k ls ykHk gqvkA buesa 'kkfey gSa yqf/k;kuk fuVosvj ¼vius
czkaM ds fuekZ.k dh {kerk dk fodkl½] vgenkckn vkSkf/k ¼vÝhdk@e/;iwoZ o vU; oSf'od ckt+kjksa ls
tqM+ko½] vEcqj QqVos;j ¼jkst+xkj ds voljksa dk fuekZ.k½ vkSj dhfrZuxj ¼fnYyh½ QuhZpj ¼mRikn
fo'kskKrk ds t+fj, jkVªh; o oSf'od ckt+kj dk fuekZ.k½A ;s lHkh DyLVj vxz.kh QeksZa dks vkdfkZr
vkSj oSf'od Lrj ij mRiknu ds dsUæ ds :i esa viuh igpku LFkkfir dj ldsA f'kYidkjksa }kjk
cuk, tkus okys mRiknksa ds {ks= esa vuks[kh] QscbafM;k vkSj nLrdkj vka/kzk ,sls dqN mnkgj.k gSa]
ftuesa gFkdj?kk o vU; ikjaifjd mRikn cukus okys DyLVjksa us vkil esa tqM+dj vius [kqnjk foØ;
ra= dk fodkl fd;k vkSj blds t+fj, jkVªh; o oSf'od ewY; J`a[kyk ls tqM+sA
5 egRoiw.kZ eqn~nksa ij
egRoiw.kZ eqn~nksa ij
egRoiw.kZ eqn~nksa ij
egRoiw.kZ eqn~nksa ij T;knk /;ku nsus
T;knk /;ku nsus
T;knk /;ku nsus
T;knk /;ku nsus ls csgrj ifj.kke feyrs gSa%
ls csgrj ifj.kke feyrs gSa%
ls csgrj ifj.kke feyrs gSa%
ls csgrj ifj.kke feyrs gSa% fdlh Hkh oDr] fdlh DyLVj ds
lkeus dbZ NksVhcM+h pqukSfr;ka gksrh gSaA DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ,d lhfer le;kof/k dh
ifj;kstuk gS vkSj blfy, mlesa DyLVj dh lHkh leL;kvksa dk funku ugha fd;k tk ldrkA vr%
vusd eqn~nksa ij dke djus dh ctk, csgrj ;g gksxk fd ,slh egRoiw.kZ leL;kvksa dks fpfUgr dj
fy;k tk,] ftudk ifj;kstuk dh le; lhek ds vanj vkSj miyC/k vkfFkZd lalk/kuksa ls funku fd;k
tk ldsA dqN DyLVj baVjosU’kukas esa ;g n`fVdks.k viuk;k x;k vkSj blds ljkguh; urhts gq,A
6 dk;kZUo;u esa yphysiu ls dk;Zdq'kyrk
dk;kZUo;u esa yphysiu ls dk;Zdq'kyrk
dk;kZUo;u esa yphysiu ls dk;Zdq'kyrk
dk;kZUo;u esa yphysiu ls dk;Zdq'kyrk c+rh gS%
c+rh gS%
c+rh gS%
c+rh gS% dksbZ Hkh fodkl ifj;kstuk ekaxpkfyr gksrh gS
vkSj blfy, mlesa yphykiu vko';d gSA ekax ds ;FkkFkZiw.kZ vkSj lVhd vkadyu ds fy, fgr/kkjdksa
esa ijLij fo'okl t+:jh gS] tks lkekU;r%] ,e,l,ebZ DyLVjksa esa] de ls de 'kq:vkrh nkSj esa]
det+ksj gksrk gSA dbZ ckj vko';drkvksa dh lgh le ifj;kstuk ds 'kq:vkrh nkSj esa det+ksj jgrh
gS ijarq tSlstSls fo'okl dk Lrj c+rk tkrk gS] le Hkh csgrj gksrh tkrh gSA blfy, ifj;kstuk
esa bl ckr dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg, fd vxj mlds varxZr dh tkus okyh xfrfof/k;ksa esa dksbZ
ifjorZu fd;k tkuk vko';d gks rks og fd;k tk ldsA
7 lQy fØ;kUo;u ds fy, et+cwr
lQy fØ;kUo;u ds fy, et+cwr
lQy fØ;kUo;u ds fy, et+cwr
lQy fØ;kUo;u ds fy, et+cwr iz.kkyh
iz.kkyh
iz.kkyh
iz.kkyh
vko';d%
vko';d%
vko';d%
vko';d% fdlh Hkh ifj;kstuk dh
lQyrk ;k vlQyrk] pkj izeq[k dkjdksa
ij fuHkZj djrh gSA 1½ dk;kZUo;u dh
j.kuhfr] tks DyLVj dh leL;kvksa dh
LiV le vkSj mi;qDr dk;Z;kstuk ij
fuHkZj djrh gS( 2½ ekuo lalk/ku ftlesa
mudk dkS'ky@:ku o vuqHko nksuksa
'kkfey gSa( 3½ ifj;kstuk dk i;Zos{k.k vkSj
vkadyu] tks ifj;kstuk dh iwjh vof/k esa
mlds izca/ku dk vfHkUu fgLlk gSA blesa
;ksX; vkSj ofjB O;fDr;ksapkgs os
vkarfjd gksa ;k ckáls Vhe dks feyus
okyh rduhdh enn 'kkfey gSA ;g
rduhdh enn izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u vkSj
mlds nkSjku vkus okyh leL;kvksa ds funku ds fy, vko';d gS( 4½ xfrfof/k;ksa] ifj.kkeksa vkSj

21 | P a g e
vkfFkZd C;kSjksa dk O;ofLFkr vfHkys[khdj.k] ftls eSustesaV bUQkjes'ku flLVe ¼,evkbZ,l½ Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA
DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa ¼ftuesa ls vf/kdka'k cgqi{kh; ,tsafl;ksa tSls ;wjksih; ;wfu;ufLop ,f'k;k
izksxzke] ;w,uvkbZMhvks bR;kfn }kjk foRriksfkr futh {ks= ds iz;kl Fks½ esa ifj.kkeksa dh vPNh xq.koRrk
vkSj /kkj.kh;rk dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, bl rjg dh et+cwr iz.kkfy;kas ds fuekZ.k ij t+ksj fn;k
x;kA
8 /kkj.kh;rk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa d
/kkj.kh;rk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa d
/kkj.kh;rk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa d
/kkj.kh;rk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa dh Hkkxhnkjh%
h Hkkxhnkjh%
h Hkkxhnkjh%
h Hkkxhnkjh% dqN DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa
esa ch,evks o vU; fgr/kkjdksa dk pquko vR;ar lko/kkuh ls fd;k x;k rkfd baVjosU’kuksa dh
/kkj.kh;rk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA 'kq:vkr esa gh DyLVj leUo; lfefr;ka ¼lhlhlh½ dk xBu
fd;k x;k] ftuesa egRoiw.kZ O;kolkf;d bdkbZ;ka] ch,evks] foRrh; laLFkk,a] 'kklu ds izfrfuf/k]
egRoiw.kZ O;kolkf;d daifu;ka o [;kr rduhdh o foRrh; laLFkk,a bR;kfn 'kkfey FkhaA lhlhlh
}kjk izR;sd iz;kl@izfØ;k dh tkap dh xbZ vkSj ;k mls ykxw djus dh LohÑfr nh xbZA buesa
leL;kvksa ds funku dh izfØ;k] dk;Z;kstuk bR;kfn 'kkfey FkhaA fgr/kkjdksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ls ;g
lqfuf'pr gks ldk fd tks Hkh dk;Z fd;k tk, mlesa lHkh dh fgLlsnkjh gks] lHkh mls viuk
dk;Z lesa vkSj og yacs le; rd py ldsA
9 DyLVjksa ds ckjs eas lwpukvksa vkSj tkudkfj;kas ds vHkko ds dkj.k lh[kuk eqf'dy vkSj eagxk gks
DyLVjksa ds ckjs eas lwpukvksa vkSj tkudkfj;kas ds vHkko ds dkj.k lh[kuk eqf'dy vkSj eagxk gks
x;k gS%
x;k gS%
x;k gS%
x;k gS% fiNys ,d n'kd esa varjkZVªh; fodkl laLFkkvksa ds ,tsaMs esa DyLVj dh vo/kkj.kk us
egRoiw.kZ LFkku gkfly fd;k gSA DyLVjvk/kkfjr fodkl dh dbZ lkoZtfud ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh
xbZ gSa] ftuds vyxvyx y{;] dk;Zi)fr;ka vkSj dk;Z{ks= gSaA buds vyxvyx ifj.kke gq,
gSa vkSj buls dbZ phtsa+ lh[kh tk ldrh gSaA ijarq ,sls L=ksr cgqr de gSa tgka fofHkUu DyLVj
fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds laca/k esa tkudkjh vklkuh ls miyC/k gks] fo'kskdj jkVªh; lanHkZ esa vkSj
mlesa Hkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds lanHkZ esaA fof'kV DyLVjksa ds lanHkZ esa ,sls iz;klksa ds vuqHko vkSj
muls lh[ks tkus okys lcd dh miyC/krk lcls de gSA varjkZVªh; Lrj ij ckjflyksuk fLFkfr
^n dkEihVhfVousl baLVhV~;wV* us lsehukjksa vkSj bZyfuZax eapksa ds t+fj, bl deh dks iwjk djus
dk iz;kl fd;k gSA
10 vekud i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu kaps ds dkj.k mi;qDr
vekud i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu kaps ds dkj.k mi;qDr
vekud i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu kaps ds dkj.k mi;qDr
vekud i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu kaps ds dkj.k mi;qDr f'k{kk
f'k{kk
f'k{kk
f'k{kk ysuk eqf'dy gks x;k gS%
ysuk eqf'dy gks x;k gS%
ysuk eqf'dy gks x;k gS%
ysuk eqf'dy gks x;k gS% DyLVj
fodkl iz;klksa dh la[;k cgqr cM+h gS vkSj buesa dkQh fuos'k fd;k x;k gSA ijarq blds ckotwn]
bu iz;klksa esa et+cwr i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu kaps dk vHkko jgk gSA ,d egRoiw.kZ pqukSrh gS vk/kkj
js[kk dk vHkko] ftlds dkj.k DyLVj fodkl ds iwoZ vkSj mlds i'pkr dh fLFkfr dh rqyuk
djuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA nwljs] izxfr dk vkadyu djrs le; baVjosU’ku dh izfØ;k vkSj
muds izHkko dks vDlj ut+jvankt+ dj fn;k tkrk gSA rhljs] dbZ iz;klksa dk izHkko] ifj;kstuk
vof/k ds ckn iM+rk gS vkSj bldk v/;;u ifj;kstuk vof/k eas ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bldk
urhtk ;g gksrk gS fd DyLVj iz;kl izfØ;k ds nkSjku] lq/kkjkRed dk;Zokgh ugha gks ikrhA
nwljh vksj] ifj.kkeksa dk vkadyu djus ds fy, funsZ'kfpUgksa ds vHkko ds pyrs] uhfr fuekZrk
Hkfo; esa fd, tkus okys iz;klksa dh :ijs[kk esa mi;qDr ifjorZu ugha dj ikrsA vr% ,sls rjhdksa
dk fodkl fd;k tkuk vko';d gS ftuls izHkkoksa dk leqfpr vkadyu fd;k tk lds vkSj
DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dks vf/kd mRrjnk;h cuk;k tk ldsA i;Zos{k.k vkSj vkadyu ds kaps]
DyLVj Lrj] ;kstuk@dk;ZØe Lrj vkSj uhfr Lrj rhuksa ij fodflr fd;k tkus pkfg,A

22 | P a g e
nqfu;k ds vyxvyx fgLlksa esa fd, x, DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dh egRoiw.kZ f'k{kkvksa ds v/;;u ls ;g
LiV gS fd dqN eq[; pqukSfr;ksa dk eqdkcyk t+ehuh Lrj ls gh fd;k tkuk t+:jh gSA ,slk djus ds fy,
DyLVj fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dh ;kstuk cukus] muds izca/ku vkSj muds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, lefiZr
,tsalh vko';d gSA bl ,tsalh dks vU; foHkkxksa ds lkFk feydj lexz :i ls izkFkfedrk okys {ks=ksa ij
/;ku nsuk gksxkA blh n`fVdks.k ls geus jkT; DyLVj uhfr dk jksMesi rS;kj fd;k gS vkSj ,sls dqN
dk;ZØeksa dks fpfUgr fd;k gS] ftUgsa ,d lefiZr ,tsalh }kjk ykxw dj ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx] DyLVjksa ds
le{k mifLFkr pqukSfr;ksa ls eqdkcyk dj ldrk gSA

23 | P a g e
v/;k; rhu% e/;izns'k esa DyLVj
3-1 jkT; esa DyLVj ifjn`';
tSlk fd Åij crk;k tk pqdk gS] e/;izns'k mu jkT;ksa esa 'kkfey gS tgka DyLVj fodkl dk dk;Z vc
rd Bhd ax ls ugha fd;k tk ldk gSA DyLVj fodkl ds {ks= eas vYi lQyrk ds dkj.kksa dks leus
vkSj izns'k ds m|fe;ksa dh leL;kvksa dks tkuus ds fy, v/;;u fd;k x;kA uhps fn, x, ekufp= esa
e/;izns'k esa dqN laHkkO; DyLVjksa dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
vuqHko crkrk gS fd lHkh jkT;ksa ds DyLVjksa ds le{k izLrqr pqukSfr;ka yxHkx ,d lh gksrh gSaA ,slh gh
dqN pqukSfr;ksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k uhps fn;k x;k gSA MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh dk mís';] jkT; ds DyLVj
ifjn`'; dks leus ds lkFklkFk bu pqukSfr;ksa dh tkap djuk Hkh FkkA
fdl rjg dh pqukSfr;ksa
fdl rjg dh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus esa DyLVj f
ls fuiVus esa DyLVj f
ls fuiVus esa DyLVj f
ls fuiVus esa DyLVj fodkl iz;kl dkjxj gks ldrs gSa
odkl iz;kl dkjxj gks ldrs gSa

le; ij o i;kZIr _.k dh miyC/krk] _.k ds fy, laikf'oZd (Collateral) izfrHkwfr dh vko';drk
vkSj _.k dk mPp ewY;
xq.koRrkiw.kZ dPps eky dh izfrLi/kkZRed dherksa ij [kjhn
mRiknksa ds HkaMkj.k] fMt+kbZfuax] iSdsftax vkSj izn'kZu ls tqM+h leL;k,a
oSf'od ckt+kjksa rd igqap dh deh
fctyh] ikuh] lM+dkas lfgr vi;kZIr v/kkslajpukRed lqfo/kk,a
rduhdh dk fupyk Lrj vkSj vk/kqfud rduhdh rd igqap dh deh

24 | P a g e
jkT; esa fLFkr DyLVj] dsUæ@jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk 'kq: fd, x, fofHkUu DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa }kjk
miyC/k djok, x, voljkas dk lewfpr mi;ksx ugha dj ik jgs gSaA MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh ds nkSjku
fgr/kkjdksa ls dh xbZ ppkZ ls blds fuEu dkj.k mHkj dj lkeus vk,%
• DyLVj ds fy, izklafxd DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ¼lhMhih½ ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh dk vHkkoA
• DyLVj fodkl izfØ;kvksa tSls ,lihoh dk xBu] lh,Qlh dh LFkkiuk vkfn dh vYi leA
• fgr/kkjdksa ds chp ijLij fo'okl dk vHkko] ftlls DyLVj fuekZ.k dk ewy mís'; gh lekIr gks
tkrk gSA
• lhMhih ;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u dh yach vkSj tfVy izfØ;k ds dkj.k mUgsa ykxw djus esa :fp
dk vHkkoA
• ifj;kstuk laca/kh vuqefr;ka izkIr djus dh tfVy izfØ;kA
• vkfFkZd ck/kk,a tSls _.k rd igqap dk vHkko o laikf'oZd (Collateral) izfrHkwfr;ka miyC/k
djokus esa dfBukbZ;kaA
• DyLVj fodkl esa jkT;Lrjh;@{ks=h; izkf/kdkfj;ksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk ds ckotwn vf/kdka'k
ekeyksa esa ,e,l,ebZ dks ftl lhMhih n`fVdks.k dks viukus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS
og jkVªh; Lrj ij buds dk;kZUo;u ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA LFkkuh; ;k {ks=h; iz;klksa dh
izHkkoksRikndrk] /ku vFkok ekuo lalk/kuksa dh deh ls mn~Hkwr iz'kklfud v{kerk ds dkj.k
lhfer gks tkrh gSA
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh ds fof'kV fudkZ uhps fn, x, gSa ftuls jkT; ljdkj }kjk baVjosU’ku fd, tkus
dh vko';drk dh iqfV gksrh gSA
3
3
3
3----2
2
2
2 MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh ¼
¼
¼
¼Mh,lvkj
Mh,lvkj
Mh,lvkj
Mh,lvkj½
½
½
½ ls egRoi
ls egRoi
ls egRoi
ls egRoiw.kZ fudkZ
w.kZ fudkZ
w.kZ fudkZ
w.kZ fudkZ
1- {kerk fuekZ.k o
{kerk fuekZ.k o
{kerk fuekZ.k o
{kerk fuekZ.k o tkx:drk
tkx:drk
tkx:drk
tkx:drk l`tu
l`tu
l`tu
l`tu
orZeku esa cgqla[;d DyLVj] tkx:drk o DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa ds chp ijLij fo'okl ds vHkko
vkSj det+ksj vkarfjd o ckgjh usVofdZax ds dkj.k lkewfgd :i ls dksbZ Hkh dk;Z djus ds fy,
rS;kj ugha gksrsA vr% igyh vkSj lcls egRoiw.kZ vko';drk ;g gS fd ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ ds {ks=ksa
esa tkx:drk dk l`tu fd;k tk, ftlls laHkkO;rkvksa dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, la;kstuksa ds
fuekZ.k dks izksRlkgu feysA
2- dPps eky dk cSad
dPps eky dk cSad
dPps eky dk cSad
dPps eky dk cSad
dPps eky ds cSad ls ns'kh vkSj vk;kfrr dPps eky dh Fkksd esa [kjhnh vklku gks tk,xh vkSj
blls ifjogu ykxr Hkh de gksxhA dPps eky ds cSad ls m|eh csgrj xq.koRrk okys ;k mPp
ewY; laof/kZr mRiknksa ds mRiknu ij vf/kd /;ku ns ldasxsA jkVªh; y?kq m|ksx fuxe
¼,u,lvkbZlh½ dh dPph lkexzh lgk;rk ;kstuk ,sls m|eksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, cukbZ xbZ gS]
tks dPps eky dk cSad LFkkfir djuk pkgrs gSaA
mTtSu IykfLVd DyLVj esa fLFkr bdkbZ;ksa esa ls 50 izfr'kr] fuEu xq.koRrk okys iqu%izlaLdfjr
xzsU;wYl dk bLrseky dj ckyfV;ksa vkSj exksa tSlh ?kjsyw bLrseky dh ,slh oLrq,a cukrs gSa
ftudk bLrseky [kkus dh pht+sa j[kus ds fy, ugha fd;k tkrkA yxHkx 30 izfr'kr bdkbZ;ka
v{kr lkexzh dk mi;ksx dj Øksdjh tSlh ?kjsyw bLrseky dh oLrq,a ;k vkS|ksfxd iSdsftax

25 | P a g e
lkexzh cukrs gSaA ckdh m|e iqu%izlaLdfjr o v{kr] nksuksa fdLe ds dPps eky dk bLrseky
djrs gSaA vxj os vius orZeku ckt+kj dk mUu;u dj vius mRiknksa dks fcx ckt+kj tSls lqij
ekdsZVksa esa cspuk pkgrs gSa rks mUgsa 'krizfr'kr v{kr dPps eky dk bLrseky djuk iM+sxk tks
iqu%izlaLdfjr xszU;wYl ls eagxs iM+saxsA ,slk djus ds fy, mUgsa jkT; ljdkj ls enn dh vis{kk
gksxhA
3- v/kkslajpukRed o LFkku laca/kh vko';drk,a
v/kkslajpukRed o LFkku laca/kh vko';drk,a
,e,l,ebZ DyLVjksa dks csgrj v/kkslajpukRedrk dh vko';drk u dsoy blfy, gS rkfd mUgsa
ewyHkwr lqfo/kk,a miyC/k gks ldsa cfYd blfy, Hkh rkfd os i;kZoj.k laca/kh leL;kvksa ls fuiV
ldsaA dbZ ,e,l,ebZ viuh bdkbZ;ksa dk foLrkj djuk pkgrs gSa ijarq LFkku@Hkwfe dh deh muds
fy, cM+h leL;k cuh gqbZ gSA
4- x
x
x
xq.koRrk vk'oklu o izek
q.koRrk vk'oklu o izek
q.koRrk vk'oklu o izek
q.koRrk vk'oklu o izek.k
.k
.k
.kh
hh
hdj.k
dj.k
dj.k
dj.k
,e,l,ebZ xq.koRrk ls tqM+h leL;kvksa ds dkj.k viuh iwjh {kerk ls dke ugha dj ikrsA oSf'od
ckt+kj esa dM+h izfrLi/kkZ gS vkSj blds pyrs ,e,l,ebZ ds fy, ;g lqfuf'pr djuk t+:jh gS
fd muds mRikn xq.koRrkiw.kZ gksa vkSj mUgsa lacaf/kr laLFkk ls xq.koRrk vk'oklu izek.khdj.k izkIr
gksA mTtSu IykfLVd DyLVj eas orZeku esa lHkh bdkbZ;ka yxHkx ,dls mRikn cuk jgh gSa vkSj
bu mRiknksa dks os eq[;r% ,sls ckt+kjksa esa csp jgh gSa tgka fuEu xq.koRrk vkSj de dher okys
mRiknksa dh ekax gSA ;s bdkbZ;ka vius mRikn] fV;j3 'kgjksa vkSj xkaoksa ds LFkkuh;@{ks=h;
ckt+kjksa esa iznk; dj jgh gSa] tgka mPp xq.koRrk ds mRiknksa dh ekax ugha gSa vkSj tgka cM+h ek=k
esa eky [kik;k tk ldrk gSA os mPp xq.koRrk dh ekax okys ckt+kjksa esa vius eky dks iznk; ugha
djuk pkgrha D;ksafd mlds fy, mUgsa muds fuos'k esa 50 ls ysdj 200 izfr'kr rd dh o`f)
djuh gksxhA ;g vfrfjDr fuos'k e'khujh vkSj dPps eky ij gksxkA blds dkj.k mudk O;olk;
dsoy LFkkuh; ckt+kjksa rd fleV x;k gS vkSj os oSf'od ckt+kj esa iSj tekus esa l{ke ugha gSaA
bankSj QekZL;wfVdy DyLVj dh 80 izfr'kr bdkbZ;kas ds ikl MCY;w,pvksth,eih xq.koRrk
izek.khdj.k ugha gSa vkSj blfy, os eq[;r% vius mRikn] vfofu;fer ckt+kjksa esa csp jgh gSa tgka
equkQk de gS vkSj izfrLi/kkZ vf/kdA vfofu;fer ckt+kjksa ds fldqM+us ls bl DyLVj dk vfLrRo
[krjs esa iM+ x;k gSA xq.koRrk izek.khdj.k u gksus ds [krjkas dk ,glkl] bls ikus dh vksj igyk
dne gksxkA ;g bl DyLVj ds ,lksfl,'ku ds lnL;ksa ds fy, {kerk fuekZ.k ;kstuk ykxw dj
fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mUgsa vgenkckn DyLVj tSls csapekdZ DyLVjksa dh ifjp;kRed ;k=k,a
djokbZ tk ldrh gSaA
5- dq'ky ekuo lalk/ku
dq'ky ekuo lalk/ku
dq'ky ekuo lalk/ku
dq'ky ekuo lalk/ku
DyLVj] dq'ky ekuo lalk/kuksa ds vHkko ls tw jgs gSaA bdkbZ;ksa dks dkWyst ls i+dj fudys
Lukrd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izf'kf{kr djus ij dkQh [kpZ djuk iM+rk gS D;ksafd orZeku vkSipkfjd
f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa lS)kafrd i{kksa ij T;knk cy fn;k tkrk gSA dsoy lS)kafrd tkudkjh j[kus
okys deZpkjh] m|eksa ds fy, mi;ksxh ugha gSaA ubZ rduhdh ds bLrseky esa Hkh orZeku dk;Zcy
dq'ky ugha gSA vr% jkT; ds ,e,l,ebZ ds fy, dfeZ;ksa ds dkS'ky o ;ksX;rk dh vko';drk dk
vkadyu dj ,d fo'ksk vfHk;ku pykdj y?kq vof/k o nh?kZ vof/k ds ,sls dk;ZØe 'kq: fd,
tkus pkfg,] ftuls vf/kd dk;Zdq'ky o ;ksX; dehZ rS;kj fd, tk ldsaA

26 | P a g e
6- fct+usl MsOyiesaV liks
fct+usl MsOyiesaV liks
fct+usl MsOyiesaV liks
fct+usl MsOyiesaV liksV
V
V
VZZZZ lsok,a
lsok,a
lsok,a
lsok,a
v/;;u ls ;g LiV gqvk fd ,e,l,ebZ bdkbZ;ka det+ksj mRiknuiwoZ o mRiknui'pkr
la;kstuksa ds dkj.k leL;kvkas ls tw jgs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] tcyiqj uedhu DyLVj ds m|e
dPps eky dh xq.koRrk dk irk yxkus ds fy, ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk ;k rduhdh laLFkku dh
vuqIyC/krk ds dkj.k leL;kvksa dk lkeuk dj jgs gSaA ;g ,d izdkj dk det+ksj mRiknuiwoZ
la;kstu gSA blls mudh izxfr dh laHkkoukvksa esa :dkoV vkrh gSA vr% muds fy, fct+usl
MsOyiesaV liksVZ lsok,a miyC/k djokus dh flQkfj'k dh tkrh gSA chMh,l dk;ZØe ds t+fj,
mUgsa dkSulh lsok,a miyC/k djokbZ tkuk pkfg,] blds fy, lacaf/kr DyLVj dh vkiwfrZ ,oa ewY;
J`a[kyk dks leuk t+:jh gksxkA
7- rduhdh mUu;u
rduhdh mUu;u
rduhdh mUu;u
rduhdh mUu;u
,e,l,ebZ lsDVj dks csgrj mRiknu rduhdh] mRikn fMt+kbZu vkSj mRikn xq.koRrk ds
vfrfjDr] izca/ku o lwpuk iz.kkyh vkSj ckt+kj dh laHkkoukvksa ds laca/k esa tkx`fr dh vko';drk
gSA bl lsDVj dh vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ;ka ;k rks vius {ks= dh ubZ rduhdksa ls voxr gh ugha gSa ;k
mudh uoksUesk esa :fp ugha gSA blds dkj.k muds mRiknksa dh xq.koRrk fuEu gS vkSj le; ds
lkFk muds mRiknkas ds vizpfyr gks tkus dk [krjk Hkh gSA QeZ Lrj ij loksZRre rduhdh dks
lh[kus dh jkg esa ck/kkvksa dks nwj fd, tkus dh t+:jr gSA izca/ku esa uoksUesk Hkh vko';d gSA
blesa fofHkUu izdkj ds DyLVjksa dh vyxvyx vko';drkvkas dks /;ku esa j[kuk gksxkA
8- ckt+kj rd igqap
ckt+kj rd igqap
ckt+kj rd igqap
ckt+kj rd igqap
Hkkjr esa foi.ku HkkSfrd vkSj@;k vkHkklh cM+s f[kykfM+;ksa ds gkFk esa vkrk tk jgk gS] tks mPp
{kerk okys eagxs vkbZVh IysVQkWeksZa] czkafMax] xzkgd lsok iz.kkfy;ksa o foi.ku vuqla/kku ij fuos'k
djus esa l{ke gSa vkSj tks mPp O;kikj ifjek.k izkIr dj ldrs gSaA ,e,l,ebZ DyLVjksa esa bl
bl ifjorZu dh laHkkO;rk ls ykHk ysus dh tkx:drk dk vHkko gSA vf/kdka'k ,e,l,ebZ
bdkbZ;ka LFkkuh; [kqnjk ckt+kj esa vius mRikn csprh gSaA bldk dkj.k gS mRiknu {kerk vkSj
mRiknksa dh xq.koRrk de gksuk ;k jkVªh; ckt+kj rd igqapus eas vleFkZrkA ijarq os e/;e o mPp
vk; oxZ ckt+kj rd viuh igqap cukdj vius O;olk; vkSj ykHkiznrk dks c+k ldrs gSaA bu
ckt+kjksa rd igqapus ds fy, os ckt+kj e/;LFkksa@Fkksd foØsrkvksa@O;kikfj;ksa dk iz;ksx dj ldrs
gSaA
9- LFkkuh;
LFkkuh;
LFkkuh;
LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ksa o lacaf/kr fu;eksa dk leFkZu
izkf/kdkfj;ksa o lacaf/kr fu;eksa dk leFkZu
,e,l,ebZ ds fodkl esa {ks=h; o LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA {ks=h; Lrj
ij vkfFkZd fodkl ls 'kklufof/k esa lq/kkj gksrk gS vkSj ,e,l,ebZ ds fodkl ds fy, leFkZd
o vuqdwy okrkoj.k fufeZr gksrk gSA
jkT; dh lkekftd o vkfFkZd fLFkfr o eq[; f'k{kkvksa ds vk/kkj ij vxys v/;k; esa dqN
dk;ZØe ykxw fd, tkus dk lqko fn;k x;k gSaA

27 | P a g e
v/;k; pkj%
v/;k; pkj%
v/;k; pkj%
v/;k; pkj% e/;izns'k ljdkj ds fy, uhfrxr jksMesi
e/;izns'k ljdkj ds fy, uhfrxr jksMesi
4
4
4
4----1
1
1
1 m
m
m
mís'
ís'
ís'
ís'; ,oa le;kof/k dh :i js[kk
; ,oa le;kof/k dh :i js[kk
jkT; DyLVj uhfr dh ifjdYiuk ;g gS fd ,e,l,ebZ dh izfrLi/kkZRedrk dks csgrj cukdj vkSj
jkst+xkj ds voljksa esa c+ksRrjh dj /kkj.kh; fodkl esa ;ksxnku fn;k tk ldsA fof'kVr% uhfr ls ¼1½
/kkj.kh; vkfFkZd fodkl esa o`f) gksxh ¼2½ u, O;olk;ksa o jkst+xkj dk l`tu gksxk vkSj ¼3½ jkst+xkj
izfr/kkj.k c+sxkA
izLrkfor uhfr dh le;kof/k ikap okZ ¼201722½ gksxhA ijarq bl uhfr dk ifjizs{; 10 okZ dk gksxk
ftlesa igys ikap okksZa esa t+ksj bUD;wcs'ku] izk;ksfxd ifj;kstukvkas o pqus gq, DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa dks
lQyrkiwoZd iw.kZ djus ij gksxkA vxys ikap okksZa esa y{;] bu iz;klksa dks bl rjg ls izsfjr djuk gksxk
ftlls jkT; ds vf/kdka'k DyLVjksa dks blesa 'kkfey fd;k tk ldsA
4
4
4
4----2
2
2
2 DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe dh fMt+kbu ds ewy rRo
DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe dh fMt+kbu ds ewy rRo
DyLVj uhfr rS;kj djus ds fuEu vkB ewyHkwr rRo gSaA
dsaækfHkeq[khdj.k
dsaækfHkeq[khdj.k
dsaækfHkeq[khdj.k
dsaækfHkeq[khdj.k ¼
¼
¼
¼Convergence½
½
½
½ dh laHkkouk%
dh laHkkouk%
dh laHkkouk%
dh laHkkouk%
vUr%lsDVj n`fVdks.k viukdj fofHkUu 'kkldh;
;kstukvksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa ds chp rkyesy LFkkfir dj
DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa dh izHkko'khyrk dks c+k;k tk
ldrk gSA blesa dk;ZØeksa ds Lo:i] mudh izfØ;k vkSj
muds fØ;kUo;u dh izfØ;k rhuksa 'kkfey gksuh pkfg,A
dk;ZØe bl rjg dk gksuk pkfg, ftlls og
,e,l,ebZ ds fodkl ls tqM+s lHkh eqn~nksa ls fuiV lds
vkSj lkekftd] vkfFkZd o i;kZoj.kh; pqukSfr;ksa ls
eqdkcyk dj ldsA
fgrxzkghpkfyr] vko';drkvk/kkfjr vkSj yphyk
dk;kZUo;u
dk;kZUo;u
dk;kZUo;u
dk;kZUo;u%%%% fodkl dh izfØ;k esa lHkh fgrxzkfg;ksa dh
Hkkxhnkjh gksuh pkfg, rkfd os viuh LFkkuh;
vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i ;kstuk dh :ijs[kk cukus]
mlds dk;kZUo;u vkSj mlds i;Zos{k.k esa viuk ;ksxnku
ns ldsa vkSj mlesa ifjorZu djus esa l{ke gksaA
lalk/kuksa esa o`f) dh laHkkouk%
lalk/kuksa esa o`f) dh laHkkouk% ;kstuk esa lalk/kuksa dh o`f) 'kkfey gksus ls fodkl dh izfØ;k ij egRoiw.kZ
izHkko iM+ ldrk gSA ;gka lalk/kuksa esa o`f) ls vk'k; gS lkoZtfudfuthHkkxhnkjh ¼ihihih½ eksM esa
fodkl dk;ZØeksa dk fØ;kUo;u vkSj orZeku lalk/kuksa dk iqu% vkcaVu] rkfd ;kstuk ds y{;ksa dks gkfly
fd;k tk ldsA
i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu%
i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu%
i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu%
i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu% et+cwr i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu (ME) iz.kkyh ,slh tkudkjh o lwpuk,a miyC/k
djokus esa l{ke gksxh tks dk;ZØe dh j.kuhfr dk fn'kk funsZ'ku vkSj vkadyu djus esa lgk;d gks lds
vkSj ftlls izHkkodkjh ifjpkyu@dk;kZUo;u lqfuf'pr fd;k tk lds o Hkfo; esa cukbZ tkus okyh
;kstukvksa esa mi;qDr ifjorZu djus esa lgk;rk feysA

28 | P a g e
l
l
l
laLFkkxr lgk;rk
aLFkkxr lgk;rk
aLFkkxr lgk;rk
aLFkkxr lgk;rk%%%% ljdkj ds fofHkUu vaxksa }kjk fd, tk jgs fofHkUu iz;klksa ds ifj.kkeksa dks csgrj cukus
ds fy, lefUor o lexz laLFkkxr lgk;rk ra= dh vko';drk gSA ;g laLFkkxr lgk;rk] lqiqnZxh LFkku
rd miyC/k gksuh pkfg, vkSj blds fy, DyLVj Lrj ij mi;qDr ra= miyC/k gksuk pkfg,A
tksf[ke lgHkktu
tksf[ke lgHkktu
tksf[ke lgHkktu
tksf[ke lgHkktu (Risk Sharing)%%%% ,e,l,ebZ dks] muds NksVs vkdkj] muds vukSipkfjd Lo:i o
O;kikfjd pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, vko';d dkS'ky ds vHkko ds dkj.k vuqikrghu tksf[ke dk
lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA vr% fofHkUu tksf[ke lgHkktu ra= ¼tks izksRlkguksa] vuqnkuksa ;k bD;wVh ij
vk/kkfjr gks ldrs gSa½ vkSj tks fdlh Hkh lqfopkfjr dk;ZØe dk fgLlk gkas] /kkj.kh;rk vkSj o`f) c+kus esa
enn dj ldrs gSaA
le
le
le
leFkZd fof/kd o fofu;ked kapk%
FkZd fof/kd o fofu;ked kapk%
FkZd fof/kd o fofu;ked kapk%
FkZd fof/kd o fofu;ked kapk% dbZ ckj fof/kd o fofu;ked kaps o izko/kku] ,e,l,ebZ ij dqizHkko
Mkyrs gSa vkSj uhfr;ksa o dk;ZØeksa dh vlaxrrk ds dkj.k fodkl ;kstuk izfØ;k ckf/kr gksrh gSA vr% bl
rjg ds leFkZd fof/kd kaps dk fodkl t+:jh gS tks ,e,l,ebZ dks vkxs c+us esa enn dj ldsA
uoksUesk
uoksUesk
uoksUesk
uoksUesk]]]] vuqla/kku o
vuqla/kku o
vuqla/kku o
vuqla/kku o fodkl
fodkl
fodkl
fodkl%%%% ;g leuk vko';d gS fd ;kstuk] u, ax ls lkspus o uoksUesk dks
izksRlkfgr djrh gS ;k ugha vkSj bl rjg dk uoksUesk ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= miyC/k djokrh gS ;k ugha]
ftlls uoksUesk djus okyksa dks izksRlkgu fey ldsA lsDVj vkSj HkkSxksfyd Lrj ij uoksUesk ls dk;ZØe ds
foLrkj vkSj mlds lekosk.k esa o`f) gks ldrh gSA ijarq ;g rHkh laHko gksxk tc leUo; djus okyh
lkoZtfud laLFkk,a iz;ksx djus] muls f'k{kk ysus] muds fudkksZa dks vkil esa ckaVus vkSj f'k{kkvksa dks
dk;ZØe dks csgrj cukus esa mi;ksx djus ds fy, jkt+h gksaA

29 | P a g e
4
4
4
4----3 DyLVj esfiax o p;u
3 DyLVj esfiax o p;u
orZeku esa e/;e] y?kq o lw{e m|e foHkkx o vU; lkoZtfud o futh fgr/kkjdksa ds ikl e/;izns'k esa
DyLVjksa ds laca/k esa dksbZ MsVkcsl miyC/k ugha gSA MsVkcsl ds vHkko esa fofo/k Jsf.k;ksa ds fgr/kkjdksa ds
ikl miyC/k lalk/kuksa dk dsaækfHkeq[khdj.k laHko ugha gSA blds vykok] bl rjg dh MsVkcsl dh
vuqiyC/krk ds pyrs] DyLVjksa dk p;u] y{;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k] leFkZu o lgk;rk dh vko';drkvksa dh
izkFkfedrk dk fu/kkZj.k] DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa ds fy, ctV rS;kj djuk vkSj mldh izxfr dk vkadyu
djuk laHko ugha gSA blfy, ;g vko';d gS fd e/;e] y?kq ,oa lw{e m|e foHkkx ds varxZr vkus okys
lHkh DyLVjksa dk MsVkcsl rS;kj fd;k tk,A vkxkeh nks mi[kaMksa esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd jkT; esa fLFkr
DyLVjksa dh esfiax fdl rjg dh tk ldrh gS vkSj DyLVjksa dk p;u fdl izdkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
4
4
4
4----3
3
3
3----1 DyLVj esfiax %
1 DyLVj esfiax %
1 DyLVj esfiax %
1 DyLVj esfiax % DyLVj dh vo/kkj.kk dh dksbZ fuf'pr fof/kd ifjHkkkk Hkkjr ;k mlds fdlh jkT;
esa miyC/k ugha gSA DyLVjksa dks fofHkUu ns'kksa esa vkSj ns'kksa ds vyxvyx jkT;ksa esa fofHkUu rjhdkas ls
ifjHkkfkr fd;k x;k gSA ;s ifjHkkkk,a lsDVj laca/kh fHkUurkvksa] lkekftdvkfFkZd lanHkksZa vkSj mu y{;ksa
ij vk/kkfjr gSa] ftUgsa DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa }kjk izkIr fd;k tkuk visf{kr gSaA DyLVjksa dks
^mRikn@lsok Js.kh* o ^HkkSxksfydrkvksa* ds vk/kkj ij ifjHkkfkr fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA blds vfrfjDr]
vU; vuqiwjd lwpuk,a] ftuesa m|eksa dh la[;k] jkst+xkj] mRiknu vkfn 'kkfey gSa dh vko';drk u
dsoy fodkl iz;klksa ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy, DyLVjksa ds pquko ds fy, t+:jh gSa oju bu iz;klksa dh
izxfr dk vkadyu djus ds fy, Hkh ;s vifjgk;Z gaSA bl tkudkjh ls gh DyLVjksa ds chp lg;ksx dks
c+kok fn;k tk ldrk gSA vko';d o vuqiwjd ekunaMksa dks ifjHkkfkr djus ds i'pkr] mu DyLVjksa dh
igpku dh izfØ;k] tks mDr ifjHkkkk ds varxZr vkrs gSa] gh DyLVj esfiax dgykrh gSA DyLVj dh
igpku dk izkFkfed vk/kkj mldk vkdkj o mRiknu vkfn dh ek=k gS u fd fof'kV laLFkkvksa dh
mifLFkfr] muds chp ijLij lg;ksx dk Lrj ;k varjla;kstu dh ek=kA bl rjg dh tkudkjh ns'k ds
vf/kdka'k jkT;ksa esa f}fr;d L=ksrksa ls vklkuh ls miyC/k ugha gSA blds fy, ,d fuf'pr dk;Zi)fr
viukbZ tkuh gksxh ftlds nks LrEHk gksaxs%
¼1½ Zooming in- miyC/k lefV lwpukvksa ls laHkkfor DyLVjksa dh igpku djuk] o
¼2½ blds lkFklkFk laHkkfor DyLVjksa esa miyC/k lwpuk ds izkFkfed L=ksrksa ls bldh oS/krk dh
tkap djuk] ftls ^bfVjsfVo* n`fVdks.k dgk tkrk gSA
Zooming in dk vFkZ gS lacaf/kr lkekftdjktuhfrd lanHkZ esa jkT; dh lexz vFkZO;oLFkk ds v/;;u
ls ml fof'kV lsDVj dh vksj c+uk] ftlds DyLVjksa dh igpku dh tkuh gSA bfVjsfVo n`fVdks.k ,d
izfØ;kmUeq[k rduhdh gS ftlds t+fj, lwpuk ds izkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d L=ksrksa ls izkIr tkudkjh dh]
vU; L=ksrksa ls izkIr lwpukvksa ls tkap vkSj izfrtkap dj DyLVjksa dh igpku dh tkuh gSA bl
izfØ;kmUeq[k n`fVdks.k ls u dsoy DyLVj dh igpku dh izfØ;k ds lgh gksus ds ckjs esa vkRefo'okl
c+rk gS oju DyLVj dh igpku dh mi;ksfxrk Hkh Kkr gksrh gSA dqN ns'kksa us DyLVj esfiax ds fy,
fofHkUu lanHkksZa esa vkSj vyxvyx mís';ksa ls dsoy lkaf[;dh; i)fr dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA
ijarq vf/kdka'k fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa] tgka f}rh;d tkudkjh dh izkekf.kdrk lansgkLin gksrh vkSj mls
viMsV ugha fd;k tkrk gS] ogka DyLVj ds ckjs esa egRoiw.kZ tkudkfj;ksa ds fy, izkFkfedrk lwpukvksa ij
fuHkZjrk gh csgrj gksxhA vDlj cM+h la[;k esa ,sls viathÑr vkSj vukSipkfjd m|e gksrs gSa ftudh
la[;k vkSj izdkj ds laca/k esa izkekf.kd tkudkjh miyC/k ugha gksrh] blfy, izkFkfed L=ksrksa ls
tkudkfj;ka bdV~Bk djuk vkSj muds vk/kkj ij DyLVj dh :ijs[kk ds laca/k eas cqf)eRrkiwoZd vkadyu
djuk vko';d gks tkrk gSA
esfiax ds fy, fuEu eq[; pkj pj.kksa esa dke fd;k tk ldrk gS%

30 | P a g e
pj.k 1%
pj.k 1%
pj.k 1%
pj.k 1% lsDVj dh :ijs[kk cuk
lsDVj dh :ijs[kk cuk
lsDVj dh :ijs[kk cuk
lsDVj dh :ijs[kk cukuk
uk
uk
uk] m
] m
] m
] ml
l
l
lds milsDVjksa dh igpku djuk vkSj muds fodkl dk [kkdk
ds milsDVjksa dh igpku djuk vkSj muds fodkl dk [kkdk
[khapuk%
[khapuk%
[khapuk%
[khapuk% bl pj.k ds visf{kr urhts ;g gSa fd blls jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds egRoiw.kZ lsDVjksa ds
vkfFkZd mRiknu] m|eksa dh vuqekfur la[;k] jkst+xkj vkSj izeq[k varjlsDVj la;kstuksa ds orZeku vkSj
laHkkO; egRo dk vankt+k yxk;k tk ldrk gSA fdlh lsDVj ds lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd i;kZoj.k dh
le ls gesa bu tkudkfj;ksa dks lgh lanHkZ esa ns[kus esa enn feysxhA
pj.k 2% lR;kiu] dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk vkSj lsDVj dh :ijs[kk esa lq/kkj
pj.k 2% lR;kiu] dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk vkSj lsDVj dh :ijs[kk esa lq/kkj djuk%
djuk%
djuk%
djuk% lR;kiu] LiVhdj.k
izkIr djus] dfe;ksa dks nwj djus vkSj lsDVj dh :ijs[kk esa lq/kkj djus ds fy, vfrfjDr tkudkjh dh
vko';drk gksxhA blds fy, tkudkj yksxksa dks pqudj muls feyuk gksxk vkSj rRi'pkr mu yksxksa ls
izkIr tkudkjh ds vk/kkj ij vkSj lwpuk,a ,df=r djuh gksaxhA
p
p
p
pj.k 3% milsDVjksa@lsDVj mRiknksa dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djuk vkSj laHkkfor egRoiw.kZ LFkkuksa dh igpku
j.k 3% milsDVjksa@lsDVj mRiknksa dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djuk vkSj laHkkfor egRoiw.kZ LFkkuksa dh igpku
djuk%
djuk%
djuk%
djuk% lkekU;r% lsDVjksa dk oxhZdj.k 2vadh; oxhZdj.k iz.kkyh ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa
oL= o ifj/kku] [kk| o [kk| mRikn] ydM+h vkSj ydM+h ds mRikn] fljkfed] peM+k o peM+k mRikn]
bathfu;fjax] jlk;u o IykfLVd bR;kfn tSls {ks= 'kkfey gSaA ijarq vf/kdka'k DyLVj ,sls dgha vf/kd
fof'kVhÑr mRikn o lsokvksa dk mRiknu o iznk; djrs gSa] ftUgsa 4] 5 ;k 6 vadh; oxhZdj.k ;k buds
fdlh la;kstu ls gh oxhZÑr fd;k tk ldrk gSA miyC/k vkadM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij DyLVjksa ds ckjs esa
tkudkjh gkfly djus ds dk;Z dh tfVyrk bl rF; ls tkfgj gS fd ,slk dksbZ vadh; oxhZdj.k
miyC/k ugha gS ftlls lHkh DyLVjksa ds laca/k esa ,d:i tkudkjh izkIr dh tk ldsA dqN DyLVj
mRiknksa dks 4vadh; oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj ij oxhZÑr fd;k tk ldrk gS rks dqN ds fy, 5 ;k 6 vadh;
oxhZdj.k dh t+:jr iM+sxhA blds vfrfjDr] DyLVj m|e fdlh lkaf[;dh; oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj ij
fofHkUu LFkkukas ij LFkkfir ugha gksrsA ,d gh DyLVj esa dbZ vyxvyx mRikn cuk, tkrs gSa vkSj os
vyxvyx lsDVjksa ds vkSj oxhZdj.k ds vyxvyx Lrjksa okys gks ldrs gSaA
p
p
p
pj.k 4% lR;kiu] dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk vkSj lsDVj dh :ijs[kk esa lq/kkj djuk%
j.k 4% lR;kiu] dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk vkSj lsDVj dh :ijs[kk esa lq/kkj djuk%
j.k 4% lR;kiu] dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk vkSj lsDVj dh :ijs[kk esa lq/kkj djuk%
j.k 4% lR;kiu] dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk vkSj lsDVj dh :ijs[kk esa lq/kkj djuk% lkekU;r%] fofHkUu
laLFkkvksa ls DyLVjksa ds laca/k esa bl izdkj izkIr dh xbZ tkudkfj;ka eq[;r% vuqekuvk/kkfjr gksaxh vkSj
vko';d :i ls ,d nwljs ls esy ugha [kk,axhA bl rjg dh vlaxfr;ksa dh fLFkfr esa ;g vko';d gksxk
fd ge egRoiw.kZ O;fDr;ksa ls lk{kkRdkj dj viuh tkudkjh ds varjksa dks ikVsaA ,sls lk{kkRdkjksa esa [kqys
iz'u iwNs tkus pkfg, ijarq tksj gekjh tkudkfj;ksa esa varjksa dks ikVus vkSj vlaxr tkudkfj;ksa esa
lkeatL; LFkkfir djus ds fy, fooj.kkRed rF; ,df=r djus ij gksuk pkfg,A ns; i{k ¼dPpk eky o
vU; fufofV;ka½ o cktkj i{k ¼eq[; Øsrk o muds }kjk fd, tkus okys Ø; dh ek=k½ nksuksa ls lacaf/kr
laLFkkvksa@,tsafl;ksa ls izkIr vuqekuksa dh rF;ijdrk ds ijh{k.k ds fy, lacaf/kr mRiknksa@mi lsDVjksa ds
fy, izklafxd ewY;a J`a[kykvksa dh eSfiax mi;ksxh gksxhA
4
4
4
4----3
3
3
3----2 DyLVj p;u%
2 DyLVj p;u%
2 DyLVj p;u%
2 DyLVj p;u% DyLVj p;u djus ds rhu rjhds gSa Lop;u iz.kkyh] Vki Mkmu p;u iz.kkyh ;k
nksuksa dk feJ.kA Lop;u iz.kkyh esa izLrko vkeaf=r fd, tkus ij] fdlh Hkh DyLVj ds m|eksa dk dksbZ
lewg viuk izLrko izLrqr dj ldrk gS] ftlesa pkgh xbZ tkudkfj;ka nh xbZ gksa vkSj mUgsa p;fur fd,
tkus dk vkSfpR; crk;k x;k gksA ;g DyLVj p;u dk lcls yksdfiz; rjhdk gS D;ksafd blesa DyLVj ds
fgr/kkjdksa dh lfØ; Hkwfedk gksrh gSA nwljh vksj Vki Mkmu p;u iz.kkyh esa uhfr fu/kkZjd viuh
izkFkfedrkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fuf'pr ekunaMksa dk bLrseky dj DyLVjksa dk pquko djrs gSaA nksuks iz.kkfy;ksa
vFkkZr Lop;u vkSj Vki Mkmu dk ,d lkFk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk Hkh laHko gSA uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa
,sls dqN ekunaMksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] ftUgsa 1996 ls ;w,uvkbZMhvksa }kjk iz;qDr fd;k tkrk jgk gSA

31 | P a g e
DyLVj p;u ds fy, vko';d izkFkfed
DyLVj p;u ds fy, vko';d izkFkfed tkudkjh
tkudkjh
tkudkjh
tkudkjh
1
1
1
1 D;k DyLVj esaa U;wure Økafrd
D;k DyLVj esaa U;wure Økafrd
D;k DyLVj esaa U;wure Økafrd
D;k DyLVj esaa U;wure Økafrd nzO;eku
nzO;eku
nzO;eku
nzO;eku (Minimum Critical Mass) gS
gS
gS
gS

• m|eksa dh la[;k o vkdkj ¼o`gn@e/;e@y?kq½
• izeq[k lewgksa dk vuqekfur dkjksckj
• jkstxkj ¼iq:k o L=h½ esa ;ksxnku o vk;
• fu;kZr esa ;ksxnku
• mRikn dk J`a[kyk esa egRo
• foØ; dh izo`fRr;ka
• ekSleh@eq[; xfrfof/k;ka
2
2
2
2 DyLVj d
DyLVj d
DyLVj d
DyLVj dh vofLFkfr
h vofLFkfr
h vofLFkfr
h vofLFkfr
• fdlh 'kgj@xkao ds vanj ;k fudVorhZ 'kgjksa@xkoksa ls la;kstu ¼vxj dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh dk
fof'kV xzkeh.k@'kgjh vf/kns'k gks rks½A
• lgk;d@leFkZd m|eksa o lsok iznkrkvkas dh mifLFkfr
3
3
3
3 izfrd`frdj.k
izfrd`frdj.k
izfrd`frdj.k
izfrd`frdj.k
• m|ksx dk vkdkj] mlh izdkj ds DyLVjksa dh la[;k
• mlh LFkku ds vU; DyLVjksa ls la;kstu
4
4
4
4 Lkkekftd o i;kZoj.kh; fLFk
Lkkekftd o i;kZoj.kh; fLFk
Lkkekftd o i;kZoj.kh; fLFk
Lkkekftd o i;kZoj.kh; fLFkf
ff
fr;ka
r;ka
r;ka
r;ka
• ekfydksa@izca/kdksa o Jfedksa vkSj mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk laf{kIr fooj.k
• bdkbZ;ksa ds ekfydksa@Jfedksa ¼efgyk@iq:k½ dh vkSlr okfkZd vk;
• D;k xfrfof/k esa dfBu Je 'kkfey gS
• i;kZoj.k ls lac) elys
• xq.koRrk ls lac) dkuwuh eqn~ns
5
5
5
5 O;ogk;Zrk
O;ogk;Zrk
O;ogk;Zrk
O;ogk;Zrk
• mRiknu rduhdh ds mUu;u dh laHkkouk,a
• D;k mRikn dk orZeku jkVªh;@oSf'od ifjn`'; esa dksbZ Hkfo; gS
• eq[; cktkj ¼HkkSxksfyd] miHkksDrkvksasa dk dksbZ fof'kV lewg½
• eq[; [krjs
• mRikn thou pØ esa mRikn dh fLFkfr
• ewY; J`a[kyk esa fLFkfr+
6
6
6
6 lao/kZu
lao/kZu
lao/kZu
lao/kZuh;rk
h;rk
h;rk
h;rk (Promotability)
• D;k m|eksa us mRikn mUUk;u vFkok fofo/khdj.k o u, cktkj w+us dk iz;kl fd, gSa] rduhdh
uoksUesk fd;k gS] midj.kksa bR;kfn dk mUu;u fd;k gS ;k ,sls mUu;u esa mYys[kuh; fuos'k fd;k
gS
• D;k u, m|eksa ds LFkkfir gksus dh nj muds can gksus dh nj ls mYys[kuh; :i ls vf/kd gS
• muds le{k mifLFkr eq[; leL;kvksa ds izfr m|e fdrus laosnu'khy gSa
7
7
7
7 iwjdrk
iwjdrk
iwjdrk
iwjdrk
• vU; fodkl iz;klksa ds iwjd ds :i esa dk;Z djus dh laHkkouk
• leFkZd ifj;kstuk esa ewY; lao/kZu dh laHkkouk

32 | P a g e
4
4
4
4----4 DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ds fØ;kUo;u ds pj.k
4 DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ds fØ;kUo;u ds pj.k
baVjosU’ku ds fy, DyLVj ds pquko ds rqjar ckn] dk;kZUo;u dh izfØ;k izkjaHk gks tkrh gSA lkekU;r%
;g izfØ;k rhu pj.kksa esa iw.kZ dh tkrh gSA loZizFke] DyLVj dk MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh dj mldh fjiksVZ
rS;kj dh tkrh gSA rRi'pkr lkW¶V baVjosU’ku fd, tkrs gSa vkSj var esa] vxj vko';d gks rks] gkMZ
baVjosU’ku fd, tkrs gSaaA ijarq pwafd Hkkjr ljdkj ds fofHkUu ea=ky;ksa }kjk izkjaHk dh xbZ vf/kdka'k
orZeku DyLVj fodkl ;kstukvksa dk y{; gkMZ baVjosU’ku dj lkak DyLVj lqfo/kkvksa o vkS|ksfxd ikdksZaa
dh LFkkiuk djuk gS] blfy, fofHkUu jkT;ksa vkSj m|eksa ds fgrxzkgh lewg bl laHkkouk ij fopkj gh ugha
dj ikrs fd DyLVj fodkl ifj;kstuk dk dk;kZU;u] lkW¶V baVjosU’ku ds Lrj ij gh lekIr gks ldrk
gSA uhps DyLVj fodkl ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u ds fofHkUu Lrjksa dk lfp= izLrqfrdj.k fd;k x;k gSA
DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa dks ,dtqV djus dk dk;Z fdlh ckg~; dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gS
ftls vkbZ, dgk tkrk gSA ;g dksbZ 'kkldh; laLFkk vFkok ,uthvks ;k uksMy foHkkx }kjk fu;qDr dksbZ
ijke'kZnk=h laLFkku gks ldrk gSA DyLVj ds fgr/kkjdksa dks ,dtqV djuk blfy, vko';d gS rkfd
foLr`r MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh fd;k tk ldsA ;g v/;;u fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa ds lkFk fopkj fofue; dh
izfØ;k ds fcuk ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj blesa LFkkuh; MhvkbZlh dk;kZy;] ch,evks] DyLVj ds eq[;
xzkgdksa] pqfuank ,e,l,ebZ] fctusl MsOyiesaV lfoZl izksokbMlZ ¼chMh,lih½ vkSj vU; O;kolkf;d lsok
iznk;dksa dk lfØ; leFkZu vko';d gSA MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh esa DyLVj dh lHkh izklafxd O;kolkf;d
izfØ;kvksa dh eSfiax 'kkfey gS vFkkZr mRiknu dh izfØ;k] rduhdh] foi.ku] xq.koRrk fu;a=.k] ijh{k.k]
[kjhn] vkmVlksflZax bR;kfn rkfd DyLVj ds lkeF;kZsa] detksfj;ksa] [krjksa vkSj voljksa dks fpfUgr fd;k
tk ldsA MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh ds tfj, DyLVj dh eq[; leL;kvksa vkSj vojks/kksa dh igpku dh tkrh gS
rkfd lqfu;ksftr dk;Z;kstuk cukdj DyLVj dh Lor% /kkj.kh; (Self Sustenace) o`f) djus esa enn dh
tk ldsA
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh dh fjiksVZ esa oS/khd`r dk;Z;kstuk] bl ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u dh vuqekfur ykxr]
dk;Z fuiknu ladsrd vkSj ifj;kstuk ds ewY;kadu ds ekunaM 'kkfey gSaA vxj ifj;kstuk dks ykxw djus

33 | P a g e
ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj dh ;kstukvksa ds varxZr foRriksk.k dh vko';drk gS rks MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh dh
jiVksa dks lacaf/kr ;kstukvksa esa fn, x, fn'kk funsZ'kksa ds vuq:i rS;kj fd;k tkuk gksxkA vxj lkak
lqfo/kkvksa ;k vkS|ksfxd ikdZ dh LFkkiuk dh vko';drk eglwl dh tkrh gS rks bldh rduhdh vkSj
vkfFkZd O;ogk;Zrk ds laca/k esa foLr`r ifj;kstuk jiV ¼Mhihvkj½] lacaf/kr lgk;rk ;kstukvksa ds
funsZ'kkRed fn'kk funsZ'kksa vkSj fu/kkZfjr izk:i ds vuq:i cukbZ tkuh gksxhA m|ksx] e'khujh iznk;dksa]
MhvkbZlh vf/kdkfj;ksa bR;kfn dk ,d la;qDr dk;Zny cukdj ;kstuk ds ?kVdksa] e'khujh] ykxr bR;kfn
ds laca/k esa rduhdh vknku tqVkus gksaxsA Hkkjr ljdkj dh vf/kdka'k lgk;rk ;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds
fy, fof/kd :i ls xfBr fo'ksk iz;kstu lk/ku ¼,lihoh½ vko';d gSA ,lihoh dk usr`Ro mu Hkkxhnkj
,e,l,ebZ }kjk fd;k tkrk gS tks ifj;kstuk esa va'kr% fgr/kkj.k djus vkSj dk;kZUo;u dh izfØ;k dk
izca/ku djus dks rS;kj gksaA
4
4
4
4----5
5
5
5 DyLVj iz;klksa dk izca/ku dSls gksxk
DyLVj iz;klksa dk izca/ku dSls gksxk
vyxvyx LFkkuksa ij fLFkr DyLVjksa esa py jgs DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk leUo; uksMy
foHkkxe/;e] y?kq ,oa lw{e m|e foHkkx }kjk fd;k tk,xkA mls mi;qDr vkfFkZd lgk;rk ;kstuk ds
tfj, buds fy, /kujkf'k vkoafVr djuh gksxh] DyLVj lwpuk izca/ku iz.kkyh dh LFkkiuk djuh gksxh]
foHkkx ds vanj vkSj fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa esa {kerk fuekZ.k o izf'k{k.k esa dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk gksxk vkSj
,e,l,ebZ QslhfyVs'ku dsUnzks adh LFkkiuk djuh gksxhA DyLVj fodkl dh izfØ;k dk izca/ku] DyLVj
izksxzke liksVZ ,tsalh ¼lhih,l,½ }kjk fd;k tkuk gksxkA
tSlk fd ge tkurs gSa] ,e,l,ebZ ds le{k cgqeq[kh pqukSfr;ka vkSj leL;k,a gksrh gSa tks lkekftd]
vkfFkZd vkSj i;kZoj.kuh; {ks=ksaa ls lac) jgrh gSaA vr% buls fuiVus ds fy, lefUor lgk;rk o leFkZu
iz;klkasa dh t:jr gS] tks lacaf/kr fgr/kkjdksa ds chp lg;ksx vkSj fodkl lgk;rk ;kstukvksa ds
dsUnzkfHkeq[khdj.k dks lqfuf'pr dj ldsA var%lsDVj n`fVdks.k viukdj iz;klksa dks csgrj cuk, tkus dh
t:jr gS vkSj fofHkUu lgk;rk ;kstukvksa ds chp rkyesy fcBkuk vko';d gS rkfd muds ykHk] yf{kr
m|ksx fgr/kkjdksa rd igqap ldsaA
orZeku dk;Ziz.kkfy;ksa ls lh[kdj lhih,l, ds fy, mi;qDr +kaps dh vuq'kalk djus gsrq jkT; o dsUnz
ljdkjksa ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa@ea=ky;ksa vkSj futh fgr/kkjdksa }kjk fd, x, DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk
v/;;u fd;k x;kA bl v/;;u ls ;g lkeus vk;k fd if'pe caxky] vksfMlk o dukZVd tSls jkT;ksa
ds m|ksx foHkkxksa vkSj [kknh o xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx o dkW;j cksMZ tSls dsUnzh; laLFkkuksa esa ls cgqr de esa
DyLVj ifj;kstuk izca/ku izdksB@bdkbZ ¼ih,elh@ih,e;w½ gSaA buesa ls dksbZ Hkh ekWMy] lkewfgd iz;klksa
ls vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds fy, cgqfoHkkxh; o cgqfgr/kkjd n`fVdks.k ij vk/kkfjr ugha gSA orZeku esa
ih,elh vkSj ih,e;w dsoy fdlh ,d foHkkx ds varxZr lefiZr lewg gSa tks DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dh
:ijs[kk cukus vkSj muds dk;kZUo;u dk dk;Z dj jgs gSaA ;s lewg baVjosU’ku djus ds fy, laHkkfor
DYkLVjksa dh igpku djrs gSa] MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh djrs gSa] dk;Z dh j.kuhfr cukrs gSa vkSj lh/ks ;k
dk;kZUo;u ,tsafl;ksa }kjk fodkl dk;ZØe dk dk;kZUo;u djrs gSaA dqN ekeyksa esa ,sls ih,elh@ih,e;w
czkg~; ,tsafl;ka gSa ¼mnkgj.k ds fy, if'pe caxky vkSj vksfM'kk esa ih,elh] ,Q,elh] bZMhvkbZvkbZ]
bZ,.M, tSlh ,tsfala;ka gSa½ rks nwljs ekeyksa esa ;s dk;kZy;hu lewg gSa ¼tSls dkW;j cksMZ vkSj [kknh o
xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx esa LQwfrZ dk;ZØe dks ykxw djus ds fy, dk;kZy;hu ih,elh gSa½A ijarq buesa vkS|ksfxd
ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ds vU; foHkkxksa@fgr/kkjdksa ls rkyesy dk vHkko gSA

34 | P a g e
rFkkfi ;wjksih; ;wfu;u vkSj ;w,uvkbZMhvks }kjk foRriksfkr ,slh ifj;kstuk,a gSa ftuds varxZr cgqfoHkkxh;
iz;klksa ls fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dks csgrj ax ls ykxw fd;k tk ldk vkSj mUkdh /kkj.kh;rk lqfuf'pr
dh tk ldhA bu iz;klksa ls lh[kk tk ldrk gSA bZ;w us blds fy, ,d oSf'od IysVQkeZ fufeZr fd;k gS
¼www.clusterobservatory.eu½A bZ;w us fo'kskhd`r dk;ksZa ¼mnkgj.kkFkZ DyLVj eSfiax] DyLVj Ldksj cksMZ]
izf'k{k.k] laLFkk eSfiax bR;kfn½ dks fofHkUu fo'kskhd`t ,tsfla;ksa dks lkSaik gS rkfd fo'o Lrj ij DyLVj
fodkl dk;ZØeksa dks cM+s iSekus ij ykxw fd;k tk ldsA blh rjg] ;w,uvkbZMhvks us bl rjg dh
,tsfla;ksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS tks mldh ik;ysV ifj;kstuk lekIr gks tkus ds ckn Hkh DyLVj fodkl
dk;ZØeksa dks laLFkkxr leFkZu miyC/k djokrh jgsaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] Hkkjr esa ,Q,elh] ;w,uvkbZZMhvks ds
blh izdkj ds iz;kl ls tUeh gSA ;g Kku laxzg dk dke djrh gS vkSj Hkkjr o vU; dbZ vfodflr o
fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa laLFkkxr lgk;rk miyC/k djokrh gSA
cgqfgr/kkjd iz;kl ls ifj;kstukvk/kkfjr f'k{k.k ds fy, Lisu ds ^dklk Mh yk] bafM;k^ uked ;wjksih;
la?k ls foRriksfkr ifj;kstuk dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ifj;kstuk] i;ZVu foHkkx] uxj fuxe]
m|ksx foHkkx] lsaVj Qkj gsfjVst esustesaV vkSj jkT; ds vkS|ksfxd ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dh dbZ vU;
egRoiw.kZ 'kkldh; laLFkkvkas ds lg;ksx ls xqtjkr jkT; dh /kjksgj] lkaLd`frd o jpukRed m|ksx dk
lkewfgd iz;kl ls fodkl djus ds fy, ykxw dh xbZ FkhA bl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr LFkkfir ^dYpjy
gsfjVst ,.M esustesaV osapj ysc^ (http://www.ahmedabadheritagecluster.com/en/venture-lab)
,d LFkk;h ¼futhlkoZtfud½ laLFkk gS tks ubZ uhfr;ksa dks izksRlkgu nsrh gS vkSj /kjksgj {ks= esa u,
lkaLd`frd m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk dj xqtjkr ds van:uh 'kgjksa esa vkfFkZd o`f)] /kjksgjksa ds laj{k.k]
lkekftd tkx:drk o thfodksiktZu esa lq/kkj esa ;ksxnku nsrh gSA
bu mnkgj.kksa ls mi;qDr lh[k ysdj vkSj e/;izns'k ds lanHkZ esa gekjs vkadyu ds vk/kkj ij ge ;g
izLrkfor djrs gSa fd lhih,l, ,d varfoZHkkxh; laLFkk gksxh tks eq[;ea=h ds v/khu dk;Z djsxh vkSj
e/;e] y?kq ,oa lw{e m|e foHkkx bldk lw=/kkj gksxkA lhih,l, ds fgr/kkjd] fofHkUu ,sls egRoiw.kZ
foHkkxksa vkSj futh fgr/kkjdksa esa ls gksaxs tks DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa ds fy, izklafxd gksa vkSj os ;g
lqfuf'pr djsaxs fd Hkwfedkvksa vkSj mRrjnkf;Roksa dk LiV foHkktu gksA fofHkUu foHkkxksa vkSj ,tsfla;ksa ds
lg;ksx ls jkT; esa DyLVj fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djus dk dk;Z lhih,l, djsxhA lhih,l, ;g
lqfuf'pr djsxh fd fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa ds chp xBca/ku gksA og fodkl dh ;kstuk cukus vkSj mlds
dk;kZUo;u dk dk;Z Hkh djsxhA blds fy, dkS'ky o fok; dk Kku nksuksa vko';d gksaxsA ;g LiV gS
fd dksbZ Hkh ,d foHkkx lHkh vko';d leFkZd lsokvksa] fodkl izfØ;k izca/ku dkS'ky vkSj fok; dk Kku
miyC/k ugha djok ldrkA lhih,l,] Hkkxhnkj laLFkkvksa vkSj fgr/kkjdksa dh la;qDr {kerkvksa dk mi;qDr
mi;ksx djus esa lgk;d gksxhA
pwafd lhih,l, dsoy DyLVj fodkl ds izfr lefiZr laLFkk gksxh blfy, og ^laLFkkxr Le`fr^ dk
fodkl dj ldsxh tks fd orZeku 'kkldh; foHkkxksa esa dfeZ;ksa vkSj muds mRrjnkf;Roksa esa ckjckj
ifjorZu ds dkj.k detksj gksrh gSA blds vykok Kku vkSj {kerkvksa dks gLrkarfjr djus dh iz.kkyh ds
vHkko ds pyrs foHkkxksa dh ^laLFkkxr Le`fr^ esa vkSj deh vk tkrh gSA lhih,l, ls DyLVjksa vkSj mudh
fodkl dh ;kstukvksa ds midj.kksa@rduhdksa] izfØ;k ekxZnf'kZdk o lwpuk@tkudkjh dk dksk fufeZr gks
ldsxkA blls tehuh Lrj ij dk;kZUo;u djus okyksa dks izf'k{k.k nsus muds {kerk fuekZ.k dh dk;kZy;hu
iz.kkyh Hkh fodflr gks ldsxhA
Hkkxhnkj ,tsafl;ksa dh lwph fuEukafdr rkfydk esa nh xbZ gSA bUgsa eq[; vkSj xkS.k lnL;ksa ds :i esa
oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gSA

35 | P a g e
DyLVj izksxzke liksVZ ,tsalh ¼lhih,l,½
fgr/kkjd
fgr/kkjd
fgr/kkjd
fgr/kkjd eq[; ¼iz'kklfud o ijke'kZnk=h½
eq[; ¼iz'kklfud o ijke'kZnk=h½
eq[; ¼iz'kklfud o ijke'kZnk=h½
eq[; ¼iz'kklfud o ijke'kZnk=h½ xkS.k ¼dsoy ijke'kZnk=h½
xkS.k ¼dsoy ijke'kZnk=h½
1
1
1
1---- 'kkldh; laLFkk,a
'kkldh; laLFkk,a
'kkldh; laLFkk,a
'kkldh; laLFkk,a
f
ff
fodklkRed
odklkRed
odklkRed
odklkRed jkT; ljdkj ds foHkkx%
jkT; ljdkj ds foHkkx%
• ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx] e/;izns'k 'kklu
• m|ksx o okf.kT; foHkkx
• ,e,l,ebZftyk Lrj
• foKku vkSj rduhdh foHkkx
jkT; ljdkj ds laLFkku%
• ,vkbZththih,
foRrh; laLFkku%
foRrh; laLFkku%
foRrh; laLFkku%
foRrh; laLFkku%
• caSd ¼lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSad] ftUgsa
,e,l,ebZ fodkl ls lac) gks] tSls
flMch½
• uxjh; fodkl o vkokl foHkkx
• lsDVj fodkl fuxe ¼mnkgj.kkFkZ]
diM+k bR;kfn ;fn gksa rks½
• jkT; vkthfodk fe'ku
• vxz.kh@o`gn QesZa ¼lkoZtfud {ks=]
mnkgj.kkFkZ ch,pbZ,y bR;kfn½
• rduhdh laLFkku@fo'ofo|ky;
¼,uvkbZ,QVh] Hkksiky ,uvkbZVh
bR;kfn½
fofu;ked
fofu;ked
fofu;ked
fofu;ked • eiz iznwk.k fuokj.k eaMy • jktLo foHkkx
2
2
2
2---- futh laLFkku
futh laLFkku
futh laLFkku
futh laLFkku
fodklkRed
laLFkku
• ,uthvks
okf.kfT;d
laLFkk,a
• foRrh; laLFkk,a ¼cSad o ,uch,Qlh½
• vxz.kh@o`gn QesZa ¼futh {ks=½
vU; • m|fe;ksa ds jkT;Lrjh; laxBu]
pSEcj vkWQ dkelZ ,aM baMLVªh
vDlj] 'kkldh; foHkkxksa o vU; egRoiw.kZ fgr/kkjdksa dks viuh ;kstukvksa vkSj lao/kZukRed mik;ksa ds
fØ;kUo;u ds fy, m|ksxksa rd lh/kh igqap cukus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA lhih,l,] u dsoy mUgsa ;g igqap
miyC/k djok,xh oju vU; lnL; fgr/kkjdksa ds lkFk dsaækfHkeq[khdj.k dj dk;ZØeksa dks la;qDr :i ls
ykxw djuk laHko cuk,xhA mnkgj.kkFkZ] vxj dksbZ foRrh; laLFkku] DyLVjvk/kkfjr foRriksk.k djuk
pkgrk gS rks og ,e,l,ebZ ;k vU; fdlh foHkkx ;k {ks= ls lacaf/kr fdlh laLFkk ds }kjk ykxw fd, tk
jgs DyLVj fodkl iz;kl esa lg;ksxh cu] yf{kr DyLVjksa ds fy, foRriksk.k iz.kkyh dk fodkl dj
ldrk gSA bl rjg dk lg;ksx] Hkkxhnkj laLFkkvksa ds fy, ikjLifjd ykHkdkjh gksrk gS vkSj bl izfØ;k
esa mudh Lok;Rrrk Hkh cuh jgrh gSA
fuEu fp= esa izLrkfor lhih,l, ds kaps vkSj mlds mRrjnkf;Roksa dh :ijs[kk izLrqr dh xbZ gSA

36 | P a g e
DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa dk t+ehuh Lrj ij fØ;kUo;u] QsflfyVs'ku dsUæksa ¼,Qlh½ }kjk fd;k tk,xk]
tks ftyk m|ksx dsUæksa ¼MhvkbZlh½ dk Hkkx gksaxs vkSj ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx ds iz'kklfud fu;a=.k esa dk;Z
djsaxsA lhih,l, }kjk ,Qlh dks Kku o rduhdh ijke'kZnk=h leFkZu miyC/k djok;k tk,xk ¼bldk
foLr`r fooj.k uhps ds [kaM esa fn;k x;k gS½A bl ijke'kZnk=h leFkZu esa] ;kstukvksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
nsuk] DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa vkSj vU; ;kstukvksa ds fØ;kUo;u gsrq vko';d izf'k{k.k o lgk;rk
miyC/k djokuk o chMh,l ckt+kj] foRrh; laLFkkuksa] rduhdh laLFkkuksa bR;kfn rd igqap miyC/k djokuk
'kkfey gSA la{ksi esa] lhih,l,] ,Qlh dks vko';drkvk/kkfjr leFkZu miyC/k djok,xk rkfd os
DyLVj vkSj {ks= ds vanj] DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk fØ;kUo;u djus esa l{ke gks ldsA
4
4
4
4----5
5
5
5----1 DyLVjksa dh lgk;rk o mUgsa foRrh; vkcaVu gsrq mi;qDr ;kstuk dh :ijs[kk
1 DyLVjksa dh lgk;rk o mUgsa foRrh; vkcaVu gsrq mi;qDr ;kstuk dh :ijs[kk
e/;izns'k esa DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds vc rd dksbZ fo'ksk urhts lkeus ugha vk, gSaA bldk izeq[k
dkj.k gS DyLVjksa dh vo/kkj.kk vkSj DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds fØ;kUo;u dh izfØ;k dh le esa
dehA vf/kdrj DyLVj fodkl iz;kl] Hkkjr ljdkj dh lgk;rk ;kstukvksa ij fuHkZj jgs gSa] tks eq[;r%
lkak vk/kkjHkwr lqfo/kkvksa ds fuekZ.k ij dsfUær gSaA bu ;kstukvksa esa ijLij fo'okl vkSj lg;ksx dh uhao
rS;kj djus ds dk;Z ds fy, dksbZ LFkku ugh gS vkSj uk gh os DyLVjksa ds vanj laLFkkxr kapksa ds fuekZ.k
ij t+ksj nsrh gSaA blfy,] e/;izns'k ljdkj dks jkT; Lrj ij dqN izkFkfed rS;kfj;ka djuh gkasxh] rkfd
u dsoy 'kklu ds vanj oju izeq[k xSjljdkjh fgr/kkjdksa] ftuesa ch,evks] izeq[k Øsrk ¼tgka izklafxd
gksa½ vkSj vU; okf.kfT;d lsok iznk;d 'kkfey gSa] ds chp ijLij le fodflr djus dk kapk rS;kj
fd;k tk ldsA e/;izns'k ljdkj dks ,d ,slh lgk;rk ;kstuk Hkh izkjaHk djuh gksxh ftlds varxZr
lkekftd iwath dh uhao dk fuekZ.k djus dh izfØ;k 'kq: dh tk ldsA blds fy, igys vis{kkÑr vklku
y{;ksa dks izkIr djuk gksxk] rkfd ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dks bl izdkj et+cwrh fey lds ftlls vf/kd iwath
iz/kku o nwjxkeh iz;kl 'kq: fd, tk ldsaaA Hkkjr ljdkj dh ,slh cgqr de lgk;rk ;kstuk,a gSa ftudh
enn ls bl rjg dh uhao rS;kj dh tk ldrh gksA blfy,] blds fy, foRr dh O;oLFkk] jkT; ds ctV

37 | P a g e
esa gh dh tkuh gksxhA vxj p;fur DyLVjksa esa lkak lqfo/kkvksa ds fodkl dh vko';drk eglwl gks]
ml fLFkfr esa fofHkUu ea=ky;ksa dh orZeku jkVªh; DyLVj ;kstukvksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
4
4
4
4----5
5
5
5----2 DyLVj
2 DyLVj
2 DyLVj
2 DyLVj bUQkW
bUQkW
bUQkW
bUQkWjes'ku eSu
jes'ku eSu
jes'ku eSu
jes'ku eSustesaV flLVe ¼lhvkbZ,e,l½
stesaV flLVe ¼lhvkbZ,e,l½
DyLVj esfiax dh izfØ;k ds nkSjku] fofHkUu DyLVjksa ds laca/k esa foLr`r tkudkfj;ka izkIr gksaxhA bu
tkudkfj;ksa dks mu fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa dks miyC/k djok;k tkuk vko';d gksxk] tks fodkl izfØ;k ds
dk;kZUo;u ds fofHkUu pj.kksa esa Hkkxhnkjh djsaxsA www.clusterobservatory.org esa yxHkx 4]500
DyLVjksa dh lwph miyC/k gS] ijarq ;g lwph v/kwjh gSA bl iksVZy ij VsDLV vkSj vkWfM;ksfotqvy Lo:iksa
esa tkudkfj;ksa vkSj lwpukvksa dk ,d cM+k HkaMkj Hkh miyC/k gSA blds vykok] Qkm.Ms'ku QkWj ,e,l,ebZ
DyLVj ¼,Q,elh½ }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k] lacaf/kr lkoZtfud lgk;rk ;kstukvksa dk ladyu Hkh ;gka
miyC/k gSA ;g ladyu xgu vuqla/kku ij vk/kkfjr gSA ,e,l,ebZ dks vius fy, mi;qDr ;kstuk dh
igpku djus ds fy, vuko';d le; uV u djuk iM+s] blfy,] bl iksVZy ij miyC/k tkudkfj;ksa esa
ls izklafxd tkudkjh dks [kkstus ds fy, mi;qDr fQYVjksa dk bLrseky djus dh O;oLFkk gSA gekjh ;g
lykg gS fd e/;izns'k dh fof'kV vko';drkvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] jkT; ds DyLVjksa] jkT; esa fd,
x, fofHkUu DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa vkSj muls xzg.k dh xbZ f'k{kkvksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh miyC/k djokus
ds fy, blh rjg ds DyLVj bUQkWjes'ku eSustesaV flLVe dk fodkl fd, tkus dh t+:jr gSA
lhvkbZ,e,l esa fofHkUu DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dh izxfr ds laca/k esa tkudkjh miyC/k gksuh pkfg, vkSj
bldk izca/ku lhih,l, }kjk fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vkWuykbZu vkbZVhvk/kkfjr lhvkbZ,e,l] LohÑr
ifj;kstukvksa ds i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu ds fy, eap miyC/k djok,xk vkSj bl izdkj muds le;c)
dk;kZUo;u esa ;ksxnku nsxkA i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu ds fy, fdl rjg ds kaps dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk
pkfg,] bl laca/k esa blh v/;k; esa fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA
4
4
4
4----5
5
5
5----3 izf'k{k.k o {kerk fuekZ.k
3 izf'k{k.k o {kerk fuekZ.k
mijksDr lsok,a miyC/k djokrs le; ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,xk fd ch,evks] MhvkbZlh o lsok izknkrkvksa
esa vko';d {kerk fuekZ.k fd;k tk, rkfd DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ds dk;kZUo;u ds nkSjku vkSj mlds
ckn Hkh] mudh /kkj.kh;rk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA vkS|ksfxd laxBuksa ds usr`Ro vkSj muds lfpoky;hu
deZpkfj;ksa esa mi;qDr {kerkvksa dk fodkl djus vkSj mUgsa vkus okys okksZa esa ykxw dh tkus okyh
;kstukvksa dk jksMesi rS;kj djus esa enn djus ds fy, fof'kV izf'k{k.k vkSj {kerk fuekZ.k dk;ZØe ykxw
fd, tk,axsA j.kuhfrd
n`fV ls egRoiw.kZ chMh,l
iznk;dksa] cSadksa] 'kkldh;
;kstukvksa vkSj vU;
izklafxd laLFkkvksa ds lkFk
la;kstuksa dk fuekZ.k
vko';d gS] rkfd ch,evks
vius mu iz;klksa dks ykxw
dj lds] ftUgsa ykxw djus
dk fu.kZ; lHkh ds ijke'kZ
ls ch,evks jksMesi esa fd;k
x;k gksA blh rjg]
DyLVj iz;kl] ftyk
m|ksx dsUæksa o futh
fgr/kkjdksa dks mu u,
fodkl iz;klksa ls lh[kus esa
enn djsaxs] ftUgsa ykxw djus esa mudh Hkkxhnkjh gksxhA blls os ifj;kstuk dh vof/k ds ckn Hkh bl rjg

38 | P a g e
ds iz;klksa dks tkjh j[k ldsaxsA vkxs ds [kaMksa esa jksyvkmV ;kstuk esa izf'k{k.k dh vko';drkvksa dk
foLr`r fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA
4
4
4
4----5
5
5
5----4 MhvkbZlh esa ,e,l,ebZ QsflfyVs'k
4 MhvkbZlh esa ,e,l,ebZ QsflfyVs'k
4 MhvkbZlh esa ,e,l,ebZ QsflfyVs'k
4 MhvkbZlh esa ,e,l,ebZ QsflfyVs'ku dsUæksa dh LFkkiuk
u dsUæksa dh LFkkiuk
DyLVj fodkl izfØ;k dks c+kok nsus ds fy, vkSj gj ftys esa fofHkUu LFkkuh; fgr/kkjdksa dks bl izfØ;k
ls tksM+us ds fy,] ,d HkkSfrd
eap dh vko';drk gksxh] pwafd
vf/kdka'k ch,evks esa bl rjg dh
HkkSfrd lqfo/kk,a miyC/k ugha gSaA
ijarq ,e,l,ebZ QsflfyVs'ku
dsUæ dsoy MhvkbZlh ls tqM+s ugha
gksaxs oju os ch,evks] vxz.kh
m|eksa] cSadksa] iznk;dksa o
chMh,lih lfgr vU; fgr/kkjdksa
dks ,dnwljs ds lkFk la;kstu esa
dk;Z djus ds fy, mi;qDr
iz.kkfy;ksa dk fodkl djus esa Hkh
lgk;d gksaxsA ,e,l,ebZ dh
le`f) o fodkl ds fy, ;g
vko';d gS fd ,sls vkn'kZ
ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dk fodkl
fd;k tk,] ftlls fofHkUu
fgr/kkjdksa ds chp bl izdkj ds
la;kstu cu ldsa ftuls os lHkh
viuh laHkkO;rkvksa dks gkfly dj
ldsaA QsflfyVs'ku dsUæksa ls ;g
vis{kk gksxh fd os O;olk; djus
esa lkeus vkus okyh lkekU;
leL;kvksa dks nwj djasA ftl rjg
dh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus esa ;s dsUæ enn dj ldrs gSa] mudh fun'khZ lwph fp= esa nh xbZ gSA
QsflfyVs'ku dsUæksa ds fuEu ewy y{; gksus pkfg,%
1- bZt+ vkWQ MwbZax fct+usl lqfuf'pr djus gsrq v
bZt+ vkWQ MwbZax fct+usl lqfuf'pr djus gsrq v
bZt+ vkWQ MwbZax fct+usl lqfuf'pr djus gsrq v
bZt+ vkWQ MwbZax fct+usl lqfuf'pr djus gsrq vk
kk
kosnuksa dh LohÑfr
osnuksa dh LohÑfr
osnuksa dh LohÑfr
osnuksa dh LohÑfr vkSj mudh fLFkfr
vkSj mudh fLFkfr
vkSj mudh fLFkfr
vkSj mudh fLFkfr]]]] ÁfØ;kvksa]
uhfr;ksa] ;kstukvksa] izksRlkguksa] vkosnui=ksa o mudh LohÑfr dh izfØ;k bR;kfn] ,e,l,ebZ ds
fy, Hkkjr ljdkj o e/;izns'k
ljdkj dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds
varxZr miyC/k foRriksk.k ds
laca/k esa tkx:drk dk fuekZ.k]
ch,evks o chMh,lih dks bl
dk;ZØe ds foLrkj ds eap ds :i
esa dk;Z djuk pkfg,A
2- ,e,l,ebZ o muds lkoZtfud o
,e,l,ebZ o muds lkoZtfud o
futh {ks= ds lsok iznk;dksa ds
chp la;kstu ds fy, HkkSfrd eap
miyC/k djokukA
miyC/k djokukA
miyC/k djokukA
miyC/k djokukA bu lsok
iznk;dksa esa chMh,lih] D;w,elh]

39 | P a g e
Vwy :e] cSad] vuqla/kku o fodkl dsUæ] 'kS{kf.kd laLFkku bR;kfn 'kkfey gSaA
3- ,e,l,ebZ] ch,evks o chMh,lih esa {kerk fuekZ.k
,e,l,ebZ] ch,evks o chMh,lih esa {kerk fuekZ.k
,e,l,ebZ] ch,evks o chMh,lih esa {kerk fuekZ.k
,e,l,ebZ] ch,evks o chMh,lih esa {kerk fuekZ.k ds fy, dk;Z'kkykvksa vkSj laxksfB;ksa dk
vk;kstu djukA bu dk;Z'kkykvksa o laxksfB;ksa ds fok;ksa esa O;olk; ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ftuesa
[kjhnh foRriksk.k] vkbZihvkj] uohure rduhdh] 'kkldh; izfØ;k,a bR;kfn 'kkfey gSaA
e/;izns'k esa orZeku essa 51 ftys gSa vkSj bu lHkh esa ,e,l,ebZ QsflfyVs'ku dsUæksa dh LFkkiuk izLrkfor
gSA gekjh ;g ekU;rk gS fd ;g lgh fn'kk esa ,d dne gksxk D;ksafd ,e,l,ebZ dk ,d cM+k fgLlk]
v|ru tkudkjh izkIr djus ds fy, LFkkuh; HkkSfrd eapksa dk iz;ksx djuk vf/kd ilan djsxkA blds
vfrfjDr] ;s dsUæ fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa ds chp ijLij laokn vkSj laidZ ds fy, eap Hkh miyC/k djok,axsA
bl rjg ds laidksZa vkSj laoknksa ls jkT; ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds fofo/k fgr/kkjdksa ds chp ubZ Hkkxhnkfj;ksa
vkSj Lo/kkj.kh; lg;ksx iz.kkfy;ksa dk fuekZ.k visf{kr gSaA ,e,l,ebZ dsUæksa dh eq[; fo'kskrkvksa dk
fooj.k uhps fn;k x;k gSAs for t
4
4
4
4----6
6
6
6 jkT;
jkT;
jkT;
jkT; ds
ds
ds
ds DyLVjksa ds fy, dqN vuq'kaflr dk;ZØe
DyLVjksa ds fy, dqN vuq'kaflr dk;ZØe
v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij] ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx }kjk dqN dk;ZØeksa dh 'kq:vkr djus dh vuq'kalk dh tkrh gSA
;s dk;ZØe fof'kV DyLVjksa dh vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i 'kq: fd, tk,axsA ;g dk;Z lh,lih, ds xBu
ds ckn mlds }kjk fd;k tk,xkA lh,lih, dk xBu gksus rd ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx ;g dke dj ldrk
gSA jkT; ds fy, vuq'kaflr dqN dk;ZØe fuEukafdr gSa%
QsflfyVs'ku lsUVj dh eq[; fo'kskrk,a
fuos'k dks izksRlkfgr djus okyh 'kkldh; ;kstukvksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ds laca/k esa tkudkjh dh
miyC/krkA
fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds varxZr izLrqr fd, x, vkosnui=ksa dh LohÑfr vkfn ds laca/k esa
tokcnsg tkudkjh dh ikjn'khZ miyC/krkA
bdkbZ;ksa dh LFkkiuk gsrq fofHkuu vuqefr;ka izkIr djus ds fy, vkosnui=ksa dks vkWuykbZu
izLrqr djus dh O;oLFkkA
fofHkUu foHkkxksa vkSj laLFkkvksa ds chp csgrj leUo; vkSj tqM+koA
vkosnui=ksa dh fLFkfr o vU; eqn~nksa dh vkWuykbZu VªsfdaxA
vkosnui= ds laca/k esa v|ru fLFkfr dh tkudkjh lnL;ksa dks bZesy ds t+fj, miyC/k
djokukA
'kkldh; foHkkxksa@laLFkkvksa }kjk fofHkUu vkosnui=ksa ij vkWuykbZu fopkj.k vkSj LohÑfrA
lkak iz;klksa ds fy, lkoZtfud o futh fgr/kkjdksa ds chp la;kstu dk eapA
,e,l,ebZ] ch,evks o vU; 'kkldh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dh {kerk fuekZ.k dk eapA
ch,evks dh D;wlhvkbZ ls ekU;rk fnyokus esa enn djuk vkSj ch,evks o chMh,lih dh
izf'k{k.k o {kerk fuekZ.k laca/kh vko';drkvksa esa deh dh iwfrZ djukA

40 | P a g e
bu dk;ZØeksa dh vuq'kalk oSf'od o jkVªh; Lrj ij csLV izsfDVfll vkSj e/;izns'k ds orZeku DyLVjksa ds
v/;;u ds eq[; fudkksaZ ij vk/kkfjr gSaA
4
4
4
4----6
6
6
6----1
1
1
1 dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØe
dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØe
,e,l,ebZ ds /kkj.kh; fodkl ds fy, dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØeksa ij fo'ksk /;ku fn;k tkuk vko';d gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ] gFkdj?kk o gLrf'kYi DyLVj] peM+k DyLVj o vkHkwk.k DyLVj ,sls dqN DyLVj gSa tks
ewyr% ikjaifjd gSa vkSj dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØe ykxw djus ds fy, bUgsa pquk tk ldrk gSA bu DyLVjksa
dh vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØe ykxw fd, tkus pkfg,A blls DyLVj ds lnL;ksa
dks u, dkS'kyksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh miyC/k gksxh vkSj mudh o`f) vkSj izxfr dh laHkkoukvksa esa c+ksRrjh
gksxhA
dkS'ky fodkl dh fof/k%
dkS'ky fodkl dh fof/k% dk;kZy;hu izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dks c+kok] ifjp;kRed ;k=k,a] fofHkUu xfrfof/k;ksa
ds vkadyu ls f'k{kk xzg.k djuk] tutkx:drk c+kus okyh lkexzh dk izpkj] lkeqnkf;d cSBdsa]
osclkbZVksa ij tkudkfj;ksa dks lkak djuk vkSj ,sls lewgksa ds lkFk vuqHkoksa dks lkak djuk] ftUgksaus
uoksUeskh dk;ZØeksa dks lQyrkiwoZd izkjaHk vFkok dk;kZfUor fd;k gksA
4
4
4
4----6
6
6
6----2
2
2
2 osaMj fodkl dk;ZØe ¼ohMhih½
osaMj fodkl dk;ZØe ¼ohMhih½
LFkkuh; y?kq o e/;e vkdkj ds m|e] e/;izns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa egRoiw.kZ LFkku j[krs gSa ijarq muesa
jkVªh; vkSj varjkZVªh; ekudksa ds vuq:i mRiknu dj vius O;olk; dk fodkl vkSj foLrkj djus ds
fy, vko';d lalk/kuksa dk vHkko gksrk gSA ,e,l,ebZ dks orZeku ckt+kjksa esa viuh iSB cukus ;k u,
ckt+kjksa dk fuekZ.k djus esa cgqr leL;k,a vkrh gSa] fo'kskdj ;fn mUgsa LFkkfir m|ksxksa ls izfrLi/kkZ djuh
iM+sA bl leL;k ds funku ds fy, jkT; ds dqN DyLVjksa esa osaMj fodkl dk;ZØe ykxw djus dh
vuq'kalk dh tkrh gSA
osaMj fodkl dk;ZØe dk y{; gS ,e,l,ebZ dks cM+s m|ksxksa ;k cgqjkVªh; fuxeksa ds fy, mRikn iznk;
djus esa l{ke cukukA bl dk;ZØe dk fØ;kUo;u f=i{kh; gksrk gS ftlesa ea=ky;@vxz.kh foHkkx] cM+s
m|ksxksa vkSj foRrh; laLFkkuksa dh Hkkxhnkjh gksrh gSA bl rjg ds dk;ZØe ls ,e,l,ebZ vkSj cM+s m|ksxksa
ds chp vkS|ksfxd la;kstuksa dks izksRlkgu feyrk gSA ohMhih dk mís';] LFkkuh; ,e,l,ebZ dks izfrLi/khZ
cuus vkSj ckt+kj dk foLrkj djus ds fy, ekudksa vkSj rduhdh dk fodkl djus esa enn djuk gSA
4
4
4
4----6
6
6
6----3
3
3
3 O;olk; fodkl lsok,a
O;olk; fodkl lsok,a
O;olk; fodkl lsok,a
O;olk; fodkl lsok,a
v/;;u dk ,d izeq[k fudkZ ;g gS fd e/;izns'k esa fLFkr ,e,l,ebZ] viuh iwjh {kerk ls dke ugha
dj ik jgs gSa vkSj izfrLi/kZkRed ugha gSaA bldk eq[; dkj.k gS cktkj rd igaqp ds laca/k esa tkx:drk
dk vHkko vkSj furifjofrZr gksrh ekax ds vuq:i] mRiknu djus dh lhfer {kerkA e/;izns'k ds
,e,l,ebZ DyLVjksa dh ,slh cgqr lh ^vko';drk,a^ gSa] ftudh iwfrZ muds vfLRkRo dks cpk, j[kus vkSj
mudh izxfr ds fy, vko';d gSA ,l,ebZ dks vkt dh izfrLi/kkZRed nqfu;k esa viuk LFkku cuk, j[kus
ds fy, dbZ izdkj dh lgk;rk dh vko';drk gSA yf{kr cktkj ds laca/k esa mUgsa tkx:d dj bu
cktkjksa rd mudh igqap cukuk vko';d gSA blds vykok] mRiknksa dh fMtk;fuax] mRikndrk esa
cksRrjh] mRikn dh xq.koRrk] dPps eky dh [kjhnh] ekudhdj.k ds laca/k esa tkx:drk] izHkkodkjh laokn
vkSj ubZ rduhdh rd igaqp ,sls dqN {ks= gSa ftuesa ,l,ebZ dks enn dh vko';drk gSA fdl izdkj dh
vkSj fdruh enn vkSj lsokvksa dh vko';drk iM+sxh] ;g DyLVj ds lsDVj vkSj mlds fodkl ds orZeku
Lrj ij fuHkZj djsxkA ;g lkekU; le dh ckr gS fd dksbZ Hkh DyLVj lc dqN cgqr vPNs ls ugha dj
ldrkA ;fn og mlds ewy dk;Z vFkkZr mRikn fodkl vkfn ij Qksdl dj lds rks ;g mldh rkdr
gksxhA ijarq os 'kk;n ckgj ds dk;Z tSls mRikn dk izek.khdj.k] mldk ijh{k.k] xq.koRrk vk'oklu vkfn
dks mrus csgrj rjhds ls u dj ik,aA vkSj ;gha O;olk; fodkl leFkZu ¼chMh,l½ dh Hkwfedk gksrh gSA os

41 | P a g e
,e,l,ebZ dks bl {ks= esa leFkZu o lgk;rk miyC/k djok ldrs gSa] ftlls mUgas cktkj esa vlQyrk
dk lkeuk u djuk iM+sA
4
4
4
4----6
6
6
6----4
4
4
4 vkS|ksfxd la;kstu dk;ZØe
vkS|ksfxd la;kstu dk;ZØe
vkS|ksfxd la;kstu dk;ZØe ¼vkbZ,yih½ tSls ch,pbZ,y dk xksfoaniqjk bathfu;fjax DyLVj vkSj bl
DyLVj ds ch,pbZ,y ls la;kstu] dk m)s'; ,e,l,ebZ o cM+h daifu;ksa vkSj cgqjkVªh; fuxeksa ds chp
la;kstu dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA blls ,l,ebZ dks u dsoy cktkj rd igaqp feysxh oju mUkesa rduhdh
dk gLrkarj.k Hkh gks ldsxkA blls mUgas yxkrkj cktkj miyC/k jgsxk] os ubZ rduhdh gkfly dj ldasxs
vkSj uoksUeskh fodkl djus esa l{ke gks ldsaxsA cgqjkVªh; daifu;ksa dks ftu mRiknksa ;k lsokvksa dh
vko';drk gS] mUgsa iznk; djus esa ,e,l,ebZ dks l{ke cuku vkbZ,ylh dk m)s'; gSA bl dk;ZØe ds
varxZr izf'k{k.k laLFkkvksa vkSj cgqjkVªh; daifu;ksa ds lg;ksx ls ljdkj ,sls izf'k{k.k ekM;wy rS;kj djsxh
ftuls ,e,l,ebZ dks o`gr m|ksxksa@cgqjkVªh; daifu;ksa dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, l{ke
vkSj ;ksX; cuk;k tk ldsA
mijof.kZr lk/ku@dk;ZØe dsoy lwpd gSa vkSj mUgsa ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx }kjk lhih,l, ds tfj, DyLVjksa
dh vko';drk ds vuqdwy cuk;k tk ldrk gSA

42 | P a g e
v/;k; 5% DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr dk fØ;kUo;u vkSj
ctV vko';drk,a
ctV vko';drk,a
ctV vko';drk,a
ctV vko';drk,a
;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u dh vof/k ikap okZ izLrkfor gSA bl vof/k esa Qksdl] DyLVj uhfr dks Lohdk;Z
cukus] DyLVj fodkl ds fy, tehu rS;kj djus vkSj pqfuank DyLVjksa esa fodkl iz;klksa dh lQyrk ls
uhfr dh fo'oluh;rk LFkkfir djus ij gksuk pkfg,A ,slk ekudj pyk tk jgk gS fd ikap lky dh bl
vof/k esa] e/;izns'k ljdkj vkSj fofHkUu xSjljdkjh laLFkk,a bruk Kku o laLFkkxr {kerk gkfly dj
ysaxh fd os lhih,l, ds tfj, blh rjg ds iz;kl e/;izns'k ds vf/kdka'k DyLVjksa eas izkjaHk dj ldsaA
bl v/;k; esa fiNys v/;k; ls vkxs crs gq, izFke ikap okksZa dh dk;kZUo;u ;kstuk dk foLrkj ls
fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA blls ;g lqfuf'pr gks ldsxk fd Hkfo; esa fØ;kUo;u ds iz;kl vf/kd fVdkÅ gksa
vkSj mUgsa Loizfrd`r cuk;k tk ldsA fØ;kUo;u dh ;kstuk ds rhu pj.k gSa vkSj bl izfØ;k esa
/kkj.kh;rk ds vk;ke dk fo'ksk /;ku j[kk x;k gSA ;s rhu pj.k gSa 'kq:vkr] {kerk fuekZ.k vkSj iw.kZ
dk;kZUo;uA bu rhu pj.kksa dk dk;kZUo;u Øe'k% izFke okZ] f}rh; okZ o rhljs ls ikapos okZ esa izLrkfor
gSA
rhuksa pj.kksa ds visf{kr ifj.kkeksa dk foLr`r fooj.k uhps fn;k x;k gS vkSj lkFk gh mu laHkkfor
xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh Hkh nh xbZ gS] tks bu ifj.kkeksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, vko';drk gksxhA DyLVj
dk;kZUo;u j.kuhfr ds i;Zos{k.k dk vafre kapk rHkh rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gS tc ;kstuk ds nk;js]
mlds foRriksk.k vkSj laforj.k dh dk;Zfof/k;ka fuf'pr gks tk,aA dk;kZUo;u dh 'kq:vkr ds igys budk
fuf'pr gks tkuk visf{kr gSA tgka laHko gks ldk gS] ogka izklafxd ifj.kkeksa ds fy, tks laLFkk mRrjnk;h
gksxh] mldk uke fn;k x;k gSA xfrfof/k;ksa dh la[;k vkSj muds y{;ksa dk Hkh fooj.k gSA ;g fooj.k
eq[; fuiknu ladsrdksa dh lgk;rk ls izxfr dk i;Zos{k.k djus esa ennxkj gksxkA
rkfydk 4 jksy vkmV ;kstuk

43 | P a g e
ÁFke pj.k% 'kq:vkr ¼okZ 1½
e/;izns'k dh /kkj.kh; vkfFkZd mUufr ds fy, DyLVj fodkl n`fVdks.k dh izklafxdrk dks iznf'kZr djuk]
uhfr dh Lohdk;Zrk c+kuk vkSj mls xfr iznku djukA
bldh
bldh
bldh
bldh vko';
vko';
vko';
vko';drk
drk
drk
drk blfy, gS D;ksafd DyLVj
blfy, gS D;ksafd DyLVj
blfy, gS D;ksafd DyLVj
blfy, gS D;ksafd DyLVj vkSj DyLVj
vkSj DyLVj
vkSj DyLVj
vkSj DyLVj fodkl dh vo/kkj
fodkl dh vo/kkj
fodkl dh vo/kkj
fodkl dh vo/kkj.k
.k
.k
.kkvksa ds laca/k esa dbZ
kvksa ds laca/k esa dbZ
Hkzkafr;ka gSa vkSj bUgsa ,d

leku Hkkkk vkSj vo/kkj.kkRed kap
leku Hkkkk vkSj vo/kkj.kkRed kaps ds t+fj, LiV
s ds t+fj, LiV
s ds t+fj, LiV
s ds t+fj, LiV fd;s tkus
fd;s tkus
fd;s tkus
fd;s tkus dh
dh
dh
dh t+:jr gSA
t+:jr gSA
t+:jr gSA
t+:jr gSA
bl
bl
bl
bl pj.k ls DyLVjksa dh izklafxdrk vkSj
pj.k ls DyLVjksa dh izklafxdrk vkSj
pj.k ls DyLVjksa dh izklafxdrk vkSj
pj.k ls DyLVjksa dh izklafxdrk vkSj DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ds dk;kZUo;u ds f
DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ds dk;kZUo;u ds f
DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ds dk;kZUo;u ds f
DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ds dk;kZUo;u ds fl)kar
l)kar
l)kar
l)karksa dh lkekU;
ksa dh lkekU;
ksa dh lkekU;
ksa dh lkekU;
le fodflr gksxh
le fodflr gksxh
le fodflr gksxh
le fodflr gksxh vkSj
vkSj
vkSj
vkSj bl laca/k esa Hkh Kku c+sxk fd
bl laca/k esa Hkh Kku c+sxk fd
bl laca/k esa Hkh Kku c+sxk fd
bl laca/k esa Hkh Kku c+sxk fd ;g j.kuhfr fdl izdkj jkT; o jkVªh; Lrj
;g j.kuhfr fdl izdkj jkT; o jkVªh; Lrj
ds
ds
ds
ds lexz
lexz
lexz
lexz uhfrxr kaps esa
uhfrxr kaps esa
uhfrxr kaps esa
uhfrxr kaps esa fQV cSBrh gSA ;g pj.k jkT; vkSj jkVªh; Lrj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa v
fQV cSBrh gSA ;g pj.k jkT; vkSj jkVªh; Lrj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa v
fQV cSBrh gSA ;g pj.k jkT; vkSj jkVªh; Lrj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa v
fQV cSBrh gSA ;g pj.k jkT; vkSj jkVªh; Lrj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa vkSj futh
kSj futh
kSj futh
kSj futh
laLFkkvksa ds fgrksa ds ,dhdj.k esa
laLFkkvksa ds fgrksa ds ,dhdj.k esa Hkh
Hkh
Hkh
Hkh enn
enn
enn
enn djsxkA p;fur yf{kr@ik;yV DyLVjksa ds fy, jkT; ljdkj
djsxkA p;fur yf{kr@ik;yV DyLVjksa ds fy, jkT; ljdkj
ds vU;
ds vU;
ds vU;
ds vU; izklafxd
izklafxd
izklafxd
izklafxd foHkkxksa vkSj dsUæh; ea=ky;ksa dh tkx:drk c+kus dh t+:jr Hkh gksxhA mnkgj.kkFkZ
foHkkxksa vkSj dsUæh; ea=ky;ksa dh tkx:drk c+kus dh t+:jr Hkh gksxhA mnkgj.kkFkZ
foHkkxksa vkSj dsUæh; ea=ky;ksa dh tkx:drk c+kus dh t+:jr Hkh gksxhA mnkgj.kkFkZ
foHkkxksa vkSj dsUæh; ea=ky;ksa dh tkx:drk c+kus dh t+:jr Hkh gksxhA mnkgj.kkFkZ]]]]
vxj p;fur DyLVj Ñfkvk/kkfjr mRiknksa ;k Ñf
vxj p;fur DyLVj Ñfkvk/kkfjr mRiknksa ;k Ñfk
k
k
k izlaLdj.k ls tqM+k gS rks Ñfk o xzkeh.k fodkl
izlaLdj.k ls tqM+k gS rks Ñfk o xzkeh.k fodkl
ea=ky;
ea=ky;
ea=ky;
ea=ky; izk
izk
izk
izklafxd gksxkA izFke pj.k dk mís'; gksxk DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr dh lkak le fodflr
lafxd gksxkA izFke pj.k dk mís'; gksxk DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr dh lkak le fodflr
djuk vkSj dk;kZfUor fd, tk jgs vU; iz;klksa] ;kstukvksa] uhfr;ksa vkSj j.kuhfr;ksa ls blds tqM+ko dh
laHkkoukvksa
laHkkoukvksa
laHkkoukvksa
laHkkoukvksa dk irk yxku
dk irk yxku
dk irk yxku
dk irk yxkukA
kA
kA
kA
tgka rd vU; LFkkuh; laLFkkvksa o O;fDr;ksa vkfn
tgka rd vU; LFkkuh; laLFkkvksa o O;fDr;ksa vkfn dk iz'u gS] O;kid DyLVj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ds
dk iz'u gS] O;kid DyLVj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ds
fgr/kkjdksa o lac) O;fDr;ksa o laLFkkvksa
fgr/kkjdksa o lac) O;fDr;ksa o laLFkkvksa]]]] ftuesa chMh,l iznk;d] f'k{k.k laLFkk,a] cSad] vxz.kh Øsrk vkSj
ftuesa chMh,l iznk;d] f'k{k.k laLFkk,a] cSad] vxz.kh Øsrk vkSj
vU; O;kolkf;d lsok iznkrk 'kkfey gSa
vU; O;kolkf;d lsok iznkrk 'kkfey gSa]]]] dks
dks
dks
dks]]]] ftu xfrfof/k;ksa dks djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gS
ftu xfrfof/k;ksa dks djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gS
ftu xfrfof/k;ksa dks djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gS
ftu xfrfof/k;ksa dks djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gS]]]] muds
muds
muds
muds
laca/k e
laca/k e
laca/k e
laca/k esa tkudkjh nsuk vkSj mudh laHkkfor lgk;d Hkwfedk ls mUgsa ifjfpr djokuk egRoiw.kZ gksxkA
sa tkudkjh nsuk vkSj mudh laHkkfor lgk;d Hkwfedk ls mUgsa ifjfpr djokuk egRoiw.kZ gksxkA
'kq:vkrh pj.k dk mís'; fuEu ifj.kkeksa dks izkIr djuk gksxkA
¼1½
¼1½
¼1½
¼1½ ifj.kke 1% ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx }kjk eq[;ea=h dh v/;{k
ifj.kke 1% ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx }kjk eq[;ea=h dh v/;{k
ifj.kke 1% ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx }kjk eq[;ea=h dh v/;{k
ifj.kke 1% ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx }kjk eq[;ea=h dh v/;{krk
rk
rk
rk esa DyLVj izksxzke liksVZ ,tsUlh ¼lhih,l,½
esa DyLVj izksxzke liksVZ ,tsUlh ¼lhih,l,½
dk fu
dk fu
dk fu
dk fuekZ.k djuk
ekZ.k djuk
ekZ.k djuk
ekZ.k djukA
A
A
A lhih,l,
lhih,l,
lhih,l,
lhih,l,]]]] DyLVj fodkl ds dk;Z esa rduhdh fo'kskKrk miyC/k djok,xh vkSj
DyLVj fodkl ds dk;Z esa rduhdh fo'kskKrk miyC/k djok,xh vkSj
fofHkUu xfrfof/k;ksa dk leUo; djsxhA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% lhih,l, ds fopkjkFkZ fok; fu/kkZfjr djuk] ctV esa mlds fy, izko/kku djuk vkSj
lnL;ksa ¼eq[; o xkS.k½ dks tqVkdj] mudh Hkwfedk vkSj mRrjnkf;Roksa dk LiV fu/kkZj.k djukA
¼2½ ifj.kke 2% DyLVj
¼2½ ifj.kke 2% DyLVj fodkl izfØ;k dh ifjdYiukvksa ds laca/k esa lhih,l, ds vanj o ,e,l,ebZ
fodkl izfØ;k dh ifjdYiukvksa ds laca/k esa lhih,l, ds vanj o ,e,l,ebZ
foHkkx lfgr vU; lnL; laLFkkvksa] izklafxd 'kkldh; foHkkxksa vkSj futh {ks= ds fgr/kkjdksa esa lkak
le fodflr dj
le fodflr dj
le fodflr dj
le fodflr djukA
ukA
ukA
ukA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% ftyk Lrj ¼51½] laHkkx Lrj ¼10½ vkSj jkT; Lrj ¼3½ ij lsfeukjksa] dk;kZ'kkykvksa vkSj
dsfUær lewg ppkZvksa dk vk;kstuA
¼
¼
¼
¼3
3
3
3½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 3
3
3
3%%%% e/;izns'k esa DyLVj esfiax dk dk;Z lekIr gks tk,xk vkSj mls lHkh lkoZtfud o futh
e/;izns'k esa DyLVj esfiax dk dk;Z lekIr gks tk,xk vkSj mls lHkh lkoZtfud o futh
{ks= ds fgr/kkjdksa d
{ks= ds fgr/kkjdksa dks vkWuykbZu miyC/k djok fn;k tk,xkA
ks vkWuykbZu miyC/k djok fn;k tk,xkA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% DyLVjksa dh esfiax ds fy, losZ{k.k djuk vkSj fofHkUu lkaf[;dh; ekudksa tSls LFkku]
mRikn] m|eksa dh la[;k] m|eksa dk kapk] vkadfyr mRiknu] jkst+xkj dk Lrj] eq[; lkekftdvkfFkZd
leL;kvksa vkfn ds vk/kkj ij mudh x.kuk djukA ;g tkudkjh vkWuykbZu miyC/k djokbZ tk,xhA
¼
¼
¼
¼4
4
4
4½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 4
4
4
4%%%% DyLVj fodkl ds y{;ksa dks ifjHkkfkr dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj
DyLVj fodkl ds y{;ksa dks ifjHkkfkr dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj
DyLVj fodkl ds y{;ksa dks ifjHkkfkr dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj
DyLVj fodkl ds y{;ksa dks ifjHkkfkr dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj mu ij lgefr cuk yh xbZ
mu ij lgefr cuk yh xbZ
gSA blds vfHk'kklu gsrq tks kapk cuk;k tk,xk
gSA blds vfHk'kklu gsrq tks kapk cuk;k tk,xk]]]] mlds dk;ksZa dks ifjHkkfkr dj fn;k x;k gSA DyLVj
mlds dk;ksZa dks ifjHkkfkr dj fn;k x;k gSA DyLVj
fodkl dh jkT; ;kstuk dks vafre :i ns fn;k x;k gSA vko';d ctV fpfUgr dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj
izfØ;kvksa o jkT;
izfØ;kvksa o jkT;
izfØ;kvksa o jkT;
izfØ;kvksa o jkT;

Lrjh; i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu kaps dh :ijs[kk rS;kj dj yh xbZ gSA

44 | P a g e
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% lhih,l,] ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx o vU; lnL;ksa ls fopkjfoe'kZ dj vafre LohÑfr gsrq
DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr dk foLr`r elkSnk rS;kj djsxhA
f}rh; pj.k% {kerk fuekZ.k pj.k ¼okZ 2½
bl pj.k esa 'kq:vkrh pj.k ds ifj.kkeksa dks O;kid vkSj xgu fd;k tkuk gSA bl pj.k dk mís';
lefiZr laLFkkxr {kerkvksa dk fuekZ.k djuk vkSj fofHkUu Lrjksa ij vfHk'kklu o leUo; kapksa dk mUu;u
djuk gS] rkfd p;fur DyLVjksa esa dk;ZØe dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, iwjh rS;kjh lqfuf'pr dh tk
ldsA
bl y{; dks ikus ds fy, {kerk fuekZ.k pj.k esa fuEu ifj.kkeksa dks ikus dk y{; j[kk tk,xk%
¼
¼
¼
¼1
1
1
1½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 1
1
1
1%%%% j.kuhfr ds dk;kZUo;u
j.kuhfr ds dk;kZUo;u
j.kuhfr ds dk;kZUo;u
j.kuhfr ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, fofHkUu ifjpkyux
ds fy, fofHkUu ifjpkyux
ds fy, fofHkUu ifjpkyux
ds fy, fofHkUu ifjpkyuxr dk;Zfof/k;ksa dk DyLVj Lrj ij
r dk;Zfof/k;ksa dk DyLVj Lrj ij
ijh{k.k dj fy;k x;k gSA buesa 'kkfey gSa fofHkUu lkoZtfud o futh {ks= dh laLFkkvksa ds chp o 'kklu
ds fofHkUu Lrjksa esa lg;ksx vkSj laLFkkxr
ds fofHkUu Lrjksa esa lg;ksx vkSj laLFkkxr ck/kkvksa dk fpUgkaduA
ck/kkvksa dk fpUgkaduA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% [kqys izLrko vkeaf=r dj 5 ik;yV DyLVjksa dks y?kq vof/k ¼312 ekg½ dh lg;ksxh
xfrfof/k;ka ykxw djus ds fy, pquk tk,xk rkfd DyLVj Lrj ij fofHkUu ifjpkyuxr dk;Zfof/k;ksa dk
ijh{k.k fd;k tk ldsA ;g ladYiuk dh xbZ gS fd ikapksa ik;yV DyLVjksa ds fy, ,d,d dk;kZUo;u
,tsalh gksxhA p;u iz.kkyh dk fodkl vkSj p;u djus dh izfØ;k] lhih,l, }kjk ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx ds
leUo; ls vkSj mldh tkudkjh esa dh tk,xhA
¼2
¼2
¼2
¼2½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 2
2
2
2%%%% ikap p;fur DyLVjksa esa y?kq vof/k
ikap p;fur DyLVjksa esa y?kq vof/k
ikap p;fur DyLVjksa esa y?kq vof/k
ikap p;fur DyLVjksa esa y?kq vof/k baVjosU’ku
baVjosU’ku
baVjosU’ku
baVjosU’kuksa esa lkewfgd iz;klksa ls ykHk ;k rks izkIr gks
ksa esa lkewfgd iz;klksa ls ykHk ;k rks izkIr gks
pqds gSa ;k izkIr gksus gh
pqds gSa ;k izkIr gksus gh okys gSaA bldk ,d m)s'; ;g leuk Hkh gS fd y?kq] e/;e vkSj nh?kkZof/k
okys gSaA bldk ,d m)s'; ;g leuk Hkh gS fd y?kq] e/;e vkSj nh?kkZof/k
iz;klksa ls fdl rjg ds ifj.kke lkeus vk,axsA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% lhih,l, }kjk dk;kZUo;u ,tsafl;ksa] egRoiw.kZ LFkkuh; DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa vkSj MhvkbZlh
ds leUo; ls dk;kZUo;u dh izfØ;k dk lrr vkadyu fd;k tk,xkA izR;sd frekgh esa izxfr dh fLFkfr
dks v|ru fd;k tk,xk vkSj bls vkWuykbZu miyC/k djok;k tk,xkA nwljs okZ ds var esa] ,d vafre
nLrkost rS;kj fd;k tk,xk ftlesa xzg.k dh xbZ f'k{kkvksa dk o.kZu gksxk vkSj mu ifjorZuksa dk lqko
fn;k tk,xk tks DyLVj uhfr ds fØ;kUo;u ds rhljs pj.k dh DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr nLrkost esa fd;s
tkus gSaA
¼3
¼3
¼3
¼3½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 3
3
3
3%%%% e/;LFk laLFkku
e/;LFk laLFkku
e/;LFk laLFkku
e/;LFk laLFkku]]]] DyLVj fodkl izca/kdksa] uhfr fuekZrkvksa] futh {ks= dh laLFkkvksa vkSj
DyLVj fodkl izca/kdksa] uhfr fuekZrkvksa] futh {ks= dh laLFkkvksa vkSj
laLFkkxr izfrfuf/k;ksa dks ekudhd`r izf'k{k.k vkSj
laLFkkxr izfrfuf/k;ksa dks ekudhd`r izf'k{k.k vkSj ijke'kZ
ijke'kZ
ijke'kZ
ijke'kZ nsus dks rS;kj gSaA iw.kZr% l{ke DYkLVj fodkl
nsus dks rS;kj gSaA iw.kZr% l{ke DYkLVj fodkl
izca/kd LFkkuh; Lrj ij DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dk leFkZu vkSj LFkkuh; fgr/kkjdksa ds lkFk leUo; djus
esa l{ke gSaA
esa l{ke gSaA
esa l{ke gSaA
esa l{ke gSaA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% dqN {kerk,a jkT; esa igys ls gh gks ldrh gSa ijarq orZeku DyLVj fodkl izca/kdksa dks
vfrfjDr izf'k{k.k nsuk gksxk o mudh enn djuh gksxh rkfd muds O;kogkfjd dkS'ky esa o`f) gks lds
vkSj os DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa dks ekxZn'kZu ns ldsa] mUgsa izsfjr dj ldas vkSj mUgsa DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe ls
tksM+us ds lkFklkFk DyLVj ds lnL;ksa ds chp ijLij fo'okl dks c+k ldsaA LFkkuh; Lrj ij
fØ;kUo;u dh iwjh izfØ;k ds nkSjku DyLVj fodkl izca/kd /khjs/khjs DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa dh {kerk c+krk
gSA og mUgsa LFkkuh; DyLVj dk;Z;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u esa mUgsa lkSaih xbZ ftEesnkfj;ksa dks fuHkkus vkSj
izxfr dh tkudkjh nsus esa l{ke cukrk gSA LFkkuh; fgr/kkjdksa ds lkFk fu;fer cSBdksa ls DyLVj fodkl
izfØ;k dh mudh le c+sxh vkSj visf{kr ifj.kke izkIr djuk laHko gks ldsxkA {kerk fuekZ.k pj.k esa
jkT; dh pqfuank 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa] dkS'ky fodkl laLFkkvksa] fu;ked laLFkkvksa] 'kks/k laLFkkuksa bR;kfn dh

45 | P a g e
laLFkkxr {kerkvksa ds fuekZ.k ij Hkh /;ku dsfUnzr fd;k tk,xk rkfd dk;kZUo;u ds Lrj ij DyLVj
fodkl xfrfof/k;ksa dks vf/kd O;kid cuk;k tk ldsA
lhih,l, lh/ks vFkok vU; jkVªh; laLFkkuksa ds lkFk Hkkxhnkjh esa jkT; dhs de ls de ,d e/;LFk laLFkk]
DyLVj fodkl dk;kZUo;u dk;Zi)fr ij izf'k{kdksa dks izf'kf{kr djsxhA rRi'pkr] e/;LFk laLFkk] izns'k ds
nl laHkkxksa esa ikap izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr djsxhA izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu] lhih,l, o vU;
jkVªh; laLFkkuksa dh lgk;rk ls fd;k tk,xkA
¼4
¼4
¼4
¼4½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 4
4
4
4%%%% csgrj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ds ek/;e ls
csgrj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ds ek/;e ls
csgrj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ds ek/;e ls
csgrj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ds ek/;e ls DyLVj fodkl izfØ;k esa lgk;rk ds fy, nl
DyLVj fodkl izfØ;k esa lgk;rk ds fy, nl
MhvkbZlh esa brus gh ,e,l,ebZ QsflyhVs'ku lsaVj LFkkfir fd, x,A
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% MhvkbZlh esa dkSulh orZeku o ubZ lsok,a miyC/k djkbZ tkuh gSaa mudh igpku dj
MhvkbZlh ds lacaf/kr uksMy vf/kdkjh dks muds ckjs esa lwpuk vkSj tkudkjh ns nh xbZ gS rkfd os lacaf/kr
fgr/kkjdksa dks izHkkodkjh o dk;Zdq'ky rjhds ls ;s lsok,a miyC/k djok ldsaA MhvkbZlh o ,e,l,ebZ
foHkkx ds chp tkudkjh ds vknkuiznku vkSj la;kstu dh iz.kkyh LFkkfir gks xbZ gS vkSj jkT; ljdkj
ds vU; foHkkxksa ds lkFk lapkj pSuyksa esa] tgka vko';d gks] mi;qDr lq/kkj dj fn, x, gSaA ;s
QsflyhVs'ku lsaVj MhkvkbZlh esa gksaxs vkSj lhih,l, budk ekxZn'kZu djsxhA QsflyhVs'ku lsaVjksa }kjk
izLrkfor lsokvksa dh fun'khZ lwph ifjf'kV 2 esa nh xbZ gSA
¼5
¼5
¼5
¼5½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 5
5
5
5%%%% DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr ds vf/k'kklu o leUo; ds kaps dk y?kq vof/k ds
DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr ds vf/k'kklu o leUo; ds kaps dk y?kq vof/k ds
DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr ds vf/k'kklu o leUo; ds kaps dk y?kq vof/k ds
DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr ds vf/k'kklu o leUo; ds kaps dk y?kq vof/k ds baVjosU’ku
baVjosU’ku
baVjosU’ku
baVjosU’kuksa ds
ksa ds
ksa ds
ksa ds
fy, ijh{k.k dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj lhih,l, dh nh?kkZof/k /kkj.kh;rk ;kstuk rS;kj dj yh xbZ gSA
i;Zos{kh; kapk LiV
i;Zos{kh; kapk LiV
i;Zos{kh; kapk LiV
i;Zos{kh; kapk LiV :i ls
:i ls
:i ls
:i ls ;g
;g
;g
;g crkrk gS fd fdldks
crkrk gS fd fdldks
crkrk gS fd fdldks
crkrk gS fd fdldks]]]] fdls jiVsa Hkstuk gS] fdl vof/k esa Hkstuk gS vkSj
fdls jiVsa Hkstuk gS] fdl vof/k esa Hkstuk gS vkSj
fdl rjg dh tkudkjh dks ladfyr@laizsfkr fd;k tkuk gSA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% ifj.kke 2 esa of.kZr izR;sd frekgh esa izxfr dh v|ru fLFkfr vkSj tks f'k{kk,a xzg.k dh
xbZa gSa] muds nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij] lhih,l,] jkT; o DyLVj Lrj ij vf/k'kklu vkSj leUo; ds
laHkkfor kaps ds laca/k esa lykg nsxkA vf/k'kklu vkSj leUo; ds kaps esa fjiksfVZax iz.kkyh] i;Zos{k.k
ekud] le;lhek,a o fdl rjg dh lwpukvksa dh vko';drk gS] bu lc dh tkudkjh gksxhA blds lkFk
gh] lhih,l, dh nh?kkZof/k /kkj.kh;rk ;kstuk Hkh cukbZ tk,xh] rkfd DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe dks vf/kd
O;kid cukdj mls tkjh j[kk tk ldsA
¼6
¼6
¼6
¼6½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 6
6
6
6%%%% ;kstuk
;kstuk
;kstuk
;kstuk ds iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u
ds iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u
ds iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u
ds iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u pj.k ds laca/k esa p;u@vkadyu ds ekunaM fu/kkZfjr dj fn,
pj.k ds laca/k esa p;u@vkadyu ds ekunaM fu/kkZfjr dj fn,
x, gSa vkSj muds fo
x, gSa vkSj muds fo
x, gSa vkSj muds fo
x, gSa vkSj muds foRriksk.k dh dk;Zfof/k fodflr dj
Rriksk.k dh dk;Zfof/k fodflr dj
Rriksk.k dh dk;Zfof/k fodflr dj
Rriksk.k dh dk;Zfof/k fodflr dj yh
yh
yh
yh xbZ gSA bu
xbZ gSA bu
xbZ gSA bu
xbZ gSA budk
dk
dk
dk jkT; Lrj
jkT; Lrj
jkT; Lrj
jkT; Lrj ls
ls
ls
ls i`Bkadu dj
i`Bkadu dj
i`Bkadu dj
i`Bkadu dj
fn;k x;k gS rkfd j.kuhfr ds iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u ds fy, vfrfjDr DyLVjksa esa j.kuhfr dks ykxw djus dk
leFkZu fd;k tk ldsA
leFkZu fd;k tk ldsA
leFkZu fd;k tk ldsA
leFkZu fd;k tk ldsA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% lhih,l, }kjk] 10 DyLVjksa esa 3 okZ dh vof/k ds baVjosU’ku gsrq [kqys izLrko vkeaf=r
djus ds fy, fopkjkFkZ fok;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k dj fy;k x;k gSA mUgsa lnL;ksa }kjk vuqeksfnr dj fn;k x;k
gS vkSj lhih,l,] foRriksk.k ds fy, izLrkoksa ds p;u dh laiw.kZ izfØ;k dk izca/ku dj jgh gSA
¼7
¼7
¼7
¼7½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 7
7
7
7%%%% p;u@vkadyu
p;u@vkadyu
p;u@vkadyu
p;u@vkadyu ekunaMksa ds vk/kkj ij nl DyLVjksa dh igyh lwph rS;kj dj yh xbZ gS
ekunaMksa ds vk/kkj ij nl DyLVjksa dh igyh lwph rS;kj dj yh xbZ gS
vkSj DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr dks iw.kZ :i ls ykxw djus ds pj.k gsrq foLr`r dk;Z;kstuk rS;kj dj
mldk i`Bkadu djok;k tk pqdk gSA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx] p;fur DyLVjksa dh vafre lwph dks vuqeksfnr dj fopkjkFkZ fok;ksa
ds vuq:i vko';d /kujkf'k tkjh djrk gS rkfd okZ 35 ds nkSjku dk;kZfUor dh tkus okyh xfrfof/k;ksa
dks dk;kZfUor fd;k tk ldsA

46 | P a g e
¼8
¼8
¼8
¼8½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke
½ ifj.kke 8
8
8
8 %%%% Kku izca/ku o izlkj iz.kkyh LFkkfir dj nh xbZ gS rkfd izxfr vkSj izkIr f'k{kkvk
Kku izca/ku o izlkj iz.kkyh LFkkfir dj nh xbZ gS rkfd izxfr vkSj izkIr f'k{kkvk
Kku izca/ku o izlkj iz.kkyh LFkkfir dj nh xbZ gS rkfd izxfr vkSj izkIr f'k{kkvk
Kku izca/ku o izlkj iz.kkyh LFkkfir dj nh xbZ gS rkfd izxfr vkSj izkIr f'k{kkvksa ds
sa ds
sa ds
sa ds
laca/k esa lwpukvksa dks csgrj ax ls lkak fd;k tk ldsA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr ds jkT;] laLFkk vkSj DyLVj Lrj ij dk;kZUo;u dh izxfr ds
laca/k esa tkudkjh dks ladfyr djus@lgstus@miyC/k djokus ds fy, vkbZVhvk/kkfjr o vU;
tkudkjh lkak djus dh dk;Zfof/k;ka LFkkfir djuh gksaxhA Kku izca/ku dks lqxe cukus vkSj miyC/k MsVk
dk izlkj djus ds fy, ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx] lhih,l, ds rduhdh lg;ksx ls] DyLVj vkWCtjosVjh dk
fuekZ.k djsxh] ftldk lapkyu lhih,l, }kjk vyx ls fd;k tk,xk ;k og ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx dh
orZeku osclkbZV dk fgLlk gksxhA ,slk djuk blfy, vko';d gS D;ksafd ikjnf'kZrk] j.kuhfr ds
fØ;kUo;u dh ,d vko';d 'krZ gSA
pj.k rhu% iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u ¼okZ 35½
bl pj.k dk mís'; fuEukuqlkj gS% ^^DyLVj fodkl leFkZu dks izHkkodkjh o dk;Zdq'ky rjhds ls
e/;izns'k esa DyLVjksa dh vf/kd cM+h la[;k ¼10½ rd foLrkfjr djuk rkfd j.kuhfrd y{;ksa dks izkIr
fd;k tk lds**A
lexz y{; dks ikus ds fy, iw.kZ dk;kZUo;u pj.k dk m)s';] fuEu ifj.kkeksa dks izkIr djuk gksxk%
ifj.kke
ifj.kke
ifj.kke
ifj.kke 1
1
1
1%%%% 10 yf{kr DyLVjksa esa nwljs pØ ds Lrj ij lkewfg
10 yf{kr DyLVjksa esa nwljs pØ ds Lrj ij lkewfg
10 yf{kr DyLVjksa esa nwljs pØ ds Lrj ij lkewfg
10 yf{kr DyLVjksa esa nwljs pØ ds Lrj ij lkewfgd iz;klksa ls ykHk ;k rks izkIr dj fy;k
d iz;klksa ls ykHk ;k rks izkIr dj fy;k
x;k gS ;k izkIr gksus okyk gSA
x;k gS ;k izkIr gksus okyk gSA pj.k 2 esa [kqys vkea=.k ds t+fj, p;fur DyLVjksa dks izfrLi/kkZRed ykHkksa
pj.k 2 esa [kqys vkea=.k ds t+fj, p;fur DyLVjksa dks izfrLi/kkZRed ykHkksa
dk vuqHko gksxk vkSj os DyLVj fodkl j.kuhfr ds rhu j.kuhfrd y{;ksa dks gkfly djus esa egRoiw.kZ
;ksxnku nsaxsA
;ksxnku nsaxsA
;ksxnku nsaxsA
;ksxnku nsaxsA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% lhih,l, vkSj igys ls rS;kj LFkkuh; cgqfgr/kkjd leUo; kapksa ds ekxZn'kZu vkSj
leUo; ls DyLVj fodkl iz;klksa dks iw.kZ :i ls lacaf/kr 10 dk;kZUo;u ,tsafl;ksa }kjk ykxw fd;k tk
jgk gSA lhih,l,] dk;kZUo;u ds nkSjku fd, tkus okys vko';d lq/kkjksa ds fy, uhfrxr j.kuhfrd
leFkZu miyC/k djok,xhA viusvius fopkjkFkZ fok;ksa ds vuq:i] lacaf/kr MhvkbZlh ds ,e,l,ebZ
QsflfyVs'ku dsUæ] LFkkuh; Lrj ij leFkZu miyC/k djok,axsA dk;kZUo;u dh 3 okZ dh vof/k esa
egRoiw.kZ ykHkksa dh izkfIr visf{kr gS] ftlesa dbZ LFkkuh; futh {ks= ds fgr/kkjdksa }kjk fof'kV DyLVjksa ls
lacaf/kr ;kstukvksa ds lgizca/ku vkSj lgdk;kZUo;u esa vkxs c+dj Hkkxhnkjh djuk 'kkfey gSA
ifj.kke
ifj.kke
ifj.kke
ifj.kke 2
2
2
2%%%% j.kuhfr ds iw.kZ dk;kZUo;u esa lgk;rk vkSj leFkZu nsus ds fy,
j.kuhfr ds iw.kZ dk;kZUo;u esa lgk;rk vkSj leFkZu nsus ds fy,
j.kuhfr ds iw.kZ dk;kZUo;u esa lgk;rk vkSj leFkZu nsus ds fy,
j.kuhfr ds iw.kZ dk;kZUo;u esa lgk;rk vkSj leFkZu nsus ds fy, leUo; kapk]
leUo; kapk]
leUo; kapk]
leUo; kapk] fu;fer :i ls
fu;fer :i ls
fu;fer :i ls
fu;fer :i ls
cSBdksa ds t+fj, izxfr dh leh{kk djsxk vkSj
cSBdksa ds t+fj, izxfr dh leh{kk djsxk vkSj blds ifj.kkeksa dks jkT; Lrj ls LFkkuh; Lrj ij vkSj
blds ifj.kkeksa dks jkT; Lrj ls LFkkuh; Lrj ij vkSj
DyLVj Lrj ls uhfr Lrj ij
DyLVj Lrj ls uhfr Lrj ij]]]] vFkkZr jkT; ls LFkkuh; vkSj LFkkuh; ls jkT; rd miyC/k djok,xkA
vFkkZr jkT; ls LFkkuh; vkSj LFkkuh; ls jkT; rd miyC/k djok,xkA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% DyLVjksa dh izxfr dh frekgh leh{kk dh tk,xh vkSj izxfr dks xfr nsus ds fy, ftu
uhfrxr leFkZuksa dh vko';drk gS] mUgsa fpUgkafdr fd;k tk,xkA ,e,l,ebZ o vU; lacaf/kr foHkkxksa
}kjk tks dk;Zokgh dh tkuh gS] mldk ladyu fd;k tk,xk rkfd fopkjfoe'kZ dj ml ij mi;qDr
fu.kZ; fy, tk ldsaA rduhdh leUo; dk dk;Z] lhih,l, }kjk fd;k tk,xk vkSj ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx]
mu vU; foHkkxksa ds lkFk leUo; djsxk] ftUgsa tkudkjh iznku dh tkuk gS ;k@vkSj ftuls dksbZ
dk;Zokgh visf{kr gSA
ifj.kke
ifj.kke
ifj.kke
ifj.kke 3
3
3
3%%%% lhih,l,
lhih,l,
lhih,l,
lhih,l,]]]] DyLVj fodkl izca/kdksa] uhfr fuekZrkvksa] futh {ks= dh laLFkkvksa vkSj laLFkkxr
DyLVj fodkl izca/kdksa] uhfr fuekZrkvksa] futh {ks= dh laLFkkvksa vkSj laLFkkxr
izfrf
izfrf
izfrf
izfrfuf/k;ksa dks izf'k{k.k o lykgdkj lsok,a miyC/k djokuk tkjh j[ksxkA
uf/k;ksa dks izf'k{k.k o lykgdkj lsok,a miyC/k djokuk tkjh j[ksxkA

47 | P a g e
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% lHkh 10 DyLVjksa esa dh tkjh xfrfof/k;ksa dh frekgh o okfkZd leh{kk ds vk/kkj ij mu
lkak izf'k{k.k o {kerk fuekZ.k dh vko';drkvksa dk fpUgkadu fd;k tk,xk] ftUgsa lhih,l, }kjk fd;k
tkuk gS vkSj lhih,l,] rnkuqlkj bu vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, dne mBk,xkA
ifj.kke
ifj.kke
ifj.kke
ifj.kke 4
4
4
4%%%% ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx ds usr`Ro esa lhih,l,
,e,l,ebZ foHkkx ds usr`Ro esa lhih,l,
,e,l,ebZ foHkkx ds usr`Ro esa lhih,l,
,e,l,ebZ foHkkx ds usr`Ro esa lhih,l,]]]] DyLVj fodkl ls lacaf/kr eqn~nksa vkSj leL;kvksa ij
DyLVj fodkl ls lacaf/kr eqn~nksa vkSj leL;kvksa ij
lwpukvksa ds vknkuiznku dks lqxe cuk,xk] fofHkUu 'kkldh; foHkkx
lwpukvksa ds vknkuiznku dks lqxe cuk,xk] fofHkUu 'kkldh; foHkkxksa vkSj ,tsafl;ksa ds chp uhfrxr
ksa vkSj ,tsafl;ksa ds chp uhfrxr
rkyesy dks izksRlkfgr djsxk vkSj
rkyesy dks izksRlkfgr djsxk vkSj izkFkfed j.kuhfrd y{;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy,
izkFkfed j.kuhfrd y{;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy,
izkFkfed j.kuhfrd y{;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy,
izkFkfed j.kuhfrd y{;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, vko';d la;kstuksa
vko';d la;kstuksa
vko';d la;kstuksa
vko';d la;kstuksa
dk fuekZ.k djsxkA
dk fuekZ.k djsxkA
dk fuekZ.k djsxkA
dk fuekZ.k djsxkA
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk%
D;k djuk gksxk% lhih,l, de ls de gj 6 ekg esa vU; lacaf/kr foHkkxksa] fofu;ked laLFkkvksa vkSj izeq[k
fgr/kkjdksa ds lkFk leUo; ls cSBdksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu djsxk] ftlls vuqHkoksa vkSj izkIr f'k{kkvksa
dks lkak fd;k tk ldsA ,slh vis{kk gS fd bu cSBdksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa ls ubZ igy vkSj ifCyd ifCyd]
ifCydizkbosV o izkbosV izkbosV Lrjksa ij lg;ksx djus ds u, rjhds lkeus vk,axsA blls iz.kkyhxr
leL;kvksa dh igpku djus esa enn feysxh] ftuesa v/kkslajpuk rd igqap] dkS'ky o O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k]
foRriksk.k rd igqap] dkuwuh ck/kk,a bR;kfn 'kkfey gSa] tks fd fdlh fof'kV DyLVj ds fodkl ds fy,
egRoiw.kZ gSaA
DyLVj fodkl ;kstuk ds iw.kZ dk;kZUo;u pj.k dk vafre vkadyu j.kuhfrd Lrj ds ladsrdksa ij
vk/kkfjr gksxk] ftuesa ¼1½ vkfFkZd fodkl ¼2½ u, O;olk;ksa o jkst+xkj dk l`tu o ¼3½ jkst+xkj dk
izfr/kkj.k 'kkfey gSA
ctV vko';drkvksa dk csgrj vkadyu rHkh laHko gks ldrk gS] tc y{;ksa vkSj j.kuhfr dk vafre
fu/kkZj.k gks tk,A ijarq izLrkfor jksMesi ds vk/kkj ij DyLVj uhfr ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, ctV
vko';drkvksa dk eksVkeksVk vkadyu djuk Js;Ldj gksxkA ;g vkadyu flMch }kjk 200912 esa blh
rjg ds DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds fØ;kUo;u ij vk/kkfjr gSA DyLVj izca/ku dks leFkZu nsus ds fy,
fofHkUu ,tsafl;ksa dh lsok,a miyC/k djokus esa gksus okys O;; dk vkadyu] gfj;k.kk ljdkj }kjk okZ
201617 esa tkjh dh xbZ fufonkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA ,e,l,ebZ ea=ky; ds fodkl vk;qDr] ,e,l,ebZ
ds dk;kZy; }kjk fo'o cSad ds leFkZu ls 201617 esa DyLVj fodkl ds fy, fufonk,a vkeaf=r dh xbZ
FkhaA budk Hkh csapekdZ ds :i esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
tgka Hkh ,slk djuk O;ogk;Z gS] ogka Hkkjr ljdkj dh DyLVj ;kstukvksa tSls ,e,lbZlhMhih]
,l,Q;wvkjVhvkbZ] lexz ikWojywe DyLVj fodkl ;kstuk] lexz gS.Mywe DyLVj fodkl ;kstuk] vk;qk
DyLVj fodkl ;kstuk] IykfLVd ikdZ LFkkiuk ;kstuk] [kk| izlaLdj.k ikdZ] vkS|ksfxd v/kkslajpuk
mUu;u ;kstuk] QkekZ lsDVj ds fy, DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe vkfn dks ctV vko';drkvksa ds vkadyu
dk vk/kkj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA ijarq Hkkjr ljdkj dh vf/kdka'k ;kstuk,a] gkMZ baVjosU’kuksa ij vk/kkfjr
gSa ftuesa eq[;r% HkkSfrd v/kksljapuk dk fodkl o mUu;u 'kkfey gSA buesa ls dqN ;kstuk,a vkS|ksfxd
DyLVjksa ds fy, gSa rks vU; dqN fof'kV lsDVjksa tSls IykfLVd] ikWojywe] diM+k] gLrdkS'ky] gS.Mywe o
[kk| izlaLdj.k ds fy, gSaA buesa ls vf/kdka'k ;kstukvksa ds varxZr] ,e,l,ebZ ds lewgksa ds fy, ;g
vko';d gS fd os la;qDr :i ls ,d fof/kd laLFkk ¼Lis'ky ijil Oghdy½ dk xBu djsa] tks lkak
v/kksljapukRed lqfo/kkvksa ds fodkl esa vkfFkZd lg;ksx rks djs gh] lkFklkFk HkkSfrd kaps dk fuekZ.k
djus vkSj mldk lkoZtfud fgr esa lapkyu Hkh djsA
vf/kdka'k DyLVjksa esa DyLVj ds m|eksa ds chp lg;ksx dk dksbZ bfrgkl ugha jgk gSA m|ksxksa ds dqN
la?k vo'; gSa ijarq mudh Hkwfedk dsoy ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa esa ifjorZu ij izfrfØ;k O;Dr djus ;k
fofu;ked laLFkkvksa ds fu;eksa ds vey dk fojks/k djus rd lhfer gSA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] ,lihoh dk
xBu eqf'dy gSA blds nks dkj.k gSaA igyk] lkak ifj;kstuk ds fu/kkZj.k ds fy, LiV lksp dk vHkko

48 | P a g e
vkSj nwljk] ,slh ifj;kstukvksa ds izca/ku ds fy, t+:jh {kerkvksa vkSj ijLij fo'okl dh dehA e/;izns'k
esa DyLVj fodkl ds fy, izLrkfor ctV vuqeku] fuEu ;FkkFkZijd iwoZ/kkj.kkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k
gS%
jkT; esa lkW¶V vkSj gkMZ baVjosU’kuksa lfgr cgqr de DyLVj baVjosU’ku gq, gSaA
DyLVj baVjosU’ku ds fy, ;g t+:jh gS fd os lkewfgd dk;Zdq'kyrk dks c+kus dh izfØ;k dh 'kq:vkr
de tksf[ke okys vkSj de fuos'k dh vko';drk okys NksVs baVjosU’ku ls djsaA ,sls baVjosU’kuls /khjs/khjs
,slh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus dh vksj c+k tk ldrk gS] ftuds fy, vf/kd fuos'k dh vko';drk gks
;k ftuds ykHk dqN le; ckn izkIr gksa ;k ftuds ckjs esa mijksDr nksuksa ckrsa lgh gksaA
DyLVj fodkl izca/ku ds fy, vko';d {kerkvksa dk futh vkSj lkoZtfud] nksuksa izdkj dh laLFkkvksa esa
vHkko gSA
mijksDr vuqlkj jkT; }kjk ctV vkcaVu vko';d gksxk vkSj ,e,l,ebZ] Hkkjr ljdkj dh lgk;rk
;kstukvksa dk mi;ksx djuk rHkh izkjaHk djsaxs tc os bl rjg ds baVjosU’ku dks djus ds fy, ifjiDo gks
tk,axs vkSj tc dqN DyLVjksa dks lkak lqfo/kkvksa dh vko';drk eglwl gksxhA
mijksDr iwoZ/kkj.kkvksa ds vk/kkj ij ctV vko';drkvksa dk vkadyu fd;k x;k gS] tks fun'khZ gaS vkSj
ftudk o.kZu fuEu rkfydk esa fd;k x;k gSA
rkfydk 5
rkfydk 5
rkfydk 5
rkfydk 5 vuqekfur ctV vko';drk,a
¼lHkh vad :i, djksM+ esa½
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø----
la
la
la
la----
iz;kstu
iz;kstu
iz;kstu
iz;kstu dqy
dqy
dqy
dqy
vuqekfur
vuqekfur
vuqekfur
vuqekfur
jkf
jkf
jkf
jkf'k
'k
'k
'k
'kq:vkrh
'kq:vkrh
'kq:vkrh
'kq:vkrh
pj.k
pj.k
pj.k
pj.k
¼okZ 1½
¼okZ 1½
¼okZ 1½
¼okZ 1½
{kerk
{kerk
{kerk
{kerk
fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k
pj.k
pj.k
pj.k
pj.k
¼okZ 2½
¼okZ 2½
¼okZ 2½
¼okZ 2½
iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u
iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u
iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u
iw.kZ fØ;kUo;u
pj.k
pj.k
pj.k
pj.k
¼okZ 35½
¼okZ 35½
¼okZ 35½
¼okZ 35½
1 lhih,l, ds xBu vkSj 5 okZ dh
vof/k ds fy, mlds lapkyu gsrq Kku
laLFkkvksa dh lsok,a izkIr djuk
10 2 2 6
2 e/;izns'k esa DyLVj esfiax dk dk;Z 3 2 1
3 lhih,l, }kjk DyLVjksa vkSj DyLVj
fodkl ds laca/k esa tkudkjh vkSj Kku
izca/ku ds fy, iksVZy LFkkfir dj
mldk lapkyu djuk
1 0-5 0-2 0-3
4 5 DyLVjksa esa ik;yV ifj;kstuk ¼39
ekg½ :i, 20 yk[k dh nj ls
1 1
5 10 DyLVjksa eas iw.kZ Lrj ij baVjosU’ku
djuk ¼36 ekg½ :i, 2 djksM+ dh nj
ls
20 20
6 DyLVj izca/kdksa bR;kfn vkSj ,QthMh
ds fy, laiw.kZ jkT; esa 100 ls vf/kd
tkx:drk
lsfeukjksa@dk;Z'kkykvksa@cSBdksa@VhvksVh
izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu vkSlr
:i, 2-5 yk[k dh nj ls
2-5 1-2 0-3 1
7 10 MhvkbZlh esa brus gh ,e,l,ebZ
DyLVjksa dh LFkkiuk djuk
3 3
8 Hkkjr ljdkj dh ;kstukvksa dks rhu
DyLVjksa esa lh,Qlh ds fodkl vkfn
ds fy, ykxw djuk] :i, 10 djksM+
45 30 ¼Hkkjr ljdkj
ds ?kVd½] 6
e/;izns'k ljdkj

49 | P a g e
dh nj ls] ftlesa ls :- 2 djksM+ dh
jkf'k jkT; ljdkj }kjk vkSj :- 3
djksM+ fgrxzkgh m|eksa }kjk miyC/k
djokbZ tk,xh
o 9 futh {ks= ds
fgrxzkgh
;ksx
;ksx
;ksx
;ksx 85
85
85
85----5
5
5
5 5
5
5
5----7
7
7
7 6
6
6
6----5
5
5
5 73
73
73
73----3
3
3
3
¼1½ e/;izns'k ljdkj dk ;ksxnku
e/;izns'k ljdkj dk ;ksxnku
e/;izns'k ljdkj dk ;ksxnku
e/;izns'k ljdkj dk ;ksxnku 46
46
46
46----5
5
5
5 5
5
5
5----7
7
7
7 6
6
6
6----5
5
5
5 34
34
34
34----3
3
3
3
¼2½ Hkkjr ljdkj dk ;ksxnku 30 0 0 30
¼3½ futh {ks= dk ;ksxnku 9 0 0 9
¼bu ctV vuqekuksa esa v/;;u esa izLrkfor ;kstukvksa ds fy, ctV vkcaVu 'kkfey ugha gSA e/;izns'k
ljdkj ds ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx ds foosdk/khu bldk vkadyu fd;k tk ldrk gS½

Ifjf'kV 1%
Ifjf'kV 1%
Ifjf'kV 1%
Ifjf'kV 1% DyLVj iz;kl ds i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu dk ra= o ekudksa
DyLVj iz;kl ds i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu dk ra= o ekudksa
ds laca/k esa lqko
ds laca/k esa lqko
ds laca/k esa lqko
ds laca/k esa lqko
v- i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu ds ekudksa dks eksVs rkSj ij DyLVj@lexz ifjn`'; esa vk, ifjorZuksa ds c+rs
Øe esa fuEu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS%
1
1
1
1----1
1
1
1 xfrfof/k d
xfrfof/k d
xfrfof/k d
xfrfof/k dh iw.kZrk%
h iw.kZrk%
h iw.kZrk%
h iw.kZrk% ;gka DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa dk ekxZn'kZu dj jgh ,tsalh dh dyk ;g gksxh fd og
iwjs ctV dk mi;ksx fd, fcuk xfrfof/k;kas dks iw.kZ dj ldsA ;g dqN ekeyksa esa igys dk ijks{kh
ifjorhZ ;k bldk myV Hkh gks ldrk gSA
1
1
1
1----2
2
2
2 ctV dk mi;ksx%
ctV dk mi;ksx%
ctV dk mi;ksx%
ctV dk mi;ksx% ;gka ,tsalh dh mi;qDr ctV cukus dh {kerk egRoiw.kZ gS vFkkZr lacaf/kr {ks= dks
Bhd ls leuk vkSj ctV dk mi;ksx djus dh DyLVj dh {kerk dk Bhd vkadyu djukA
ifjofrZ;ksa] mudh bdkbZ;ksa vkSj mudh vof/k dk fooj.k uhps dh rkfydk esa fn;k x;k gS%
rkfydk 7% p;fur DyLVjksa esa ctV vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa
rkfydk 7% p;fur DyLVjksa esa ctV vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa ds vkadM+ksa dh tkap
ds vkadM+ksa dh tkap
ctV
ctV
ctV
ctV xfrfof/k;ka
xfrfof/k;ka
xfrfof/k;ka
xfrfof/k;ka
okZ 1 dk dqy ctV okZ 1 esa mi;ksx fd;k
x;k ctV
okZ 1 esa fu;ksftr
xfrfof/k;ka
okZ 1 esa dh xbZa xbZ
xfrfof/k;ka
x;k ctV
okZ 2 esa fu;ksftr
xfrfof/k;ka
xfrfof/k;ka
x;k ctV
okZ 3 esa fu;ksftr
xfrfof/k;ka
xfrfof/k;ka
x;k ctV
okZ 4 esa fu;ksftr
xfrfof/k;ka
xfrfof/k;ka
ifj;kstuk dk dqy
ifj;kstuk dk dqy
ifj;kstuk dk dqy
ifj;kstuk dk dqy
ctV
ctV
ctV
ctV
mi;ksx fd;k x;k
mi;ksx fd;k x;k
mi;ksx fd;k x;k
mi;ksx fd;k x;k
dqy ctV
dqy ctV
dqy ctV
dqy ctV
os fu;ksftr xfrfof/k;ka
tks ugha dh xbZa
tks ugha dh xbZa
tks ugha dh xbZa
tks ugha dh xbZa
dqy dh xbZ
dqy dh xbZ
dqy dh xbZ
dqy dh xbZ
xfrfof/k;ka
xfrfof/k;ka
xfrfof/k;ka
xfrfof/k;ka
2
2
2
2---- ÁkFkfed fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnku%
ÁkFkfed fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnku%
ÁkFkfed fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnku%
ÁkFkfed fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnku% ;gka ij vko’;drk ;g gS fd bl rjg dh dk;Z;kstuk,a rS;kj dh
tk,a ftUgsa ykxw djus esa fgr/kkjd vf/kdre ;ksxnku ns ldsaA ;g izkFkfed fgr/kkjdksa ds vf/kdkf/kd
;ksxnku eas izfrfcfEcr gksxkA ifjofrZ;ksa ¼Variables½ mudh bdkbZ;ksa vkSj mudh vof/k dk fooj.k uhps
dh rkfydk esa fn;k x;k gS%
3
3
3
3---- f}rh;d fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnku%
f}rh;d fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnku%
f}rh;d fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnku%
f}rh;d fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnku% ;gka ij vko’;drk ;g gS fd bl rjg ds izHkko fufeZr fd, tk,a
vkSj la;kstu cuk;k tk, rkfd LokHkkfod leFkZu fgr/kkjdksa ¼mnkgj.kkFkZ ljdkj½ dks vfHkfufk)
fd;k tk ldsA ifjofrZ;ksa ¼Variables½ mudh bdkbZ;ksa vkSj mudh vof/k dk fooj.k uhps dh rkfydk
esa fn;k x;k gS%
Rkfydk 8% p;fur DyLVjksa esa fgr/kkjdksa ds ;ksxnku ds vkadM+ksa dh tkap
ÁkFkfed fgr/kkjd ¼:i, esa½
ÁkFkfed fgr/kkjd ¼:i, esa½ f}rh;d ¼leFkZd½ fgr/kkjd ¼:i, eas½
f}rh;d ¼leFkZd½ fgr/kkjd ¼:i, eas½

51 | P a g e
okZ 1 eas ;ksxnku okZ 1 eas ;ksxnku
dqy ;ksxnku dqy ;ksxnku
4
4
4
4---- ,tsalh dk {kerk fuekZ.k%
,tsalh dk {kerk fuekZ.k%
,tsalh dk {kerk fuekZ.k%
,tsalh dk {kerk fuekZ.k% ;g rc egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gS tc dk;kZUo;u fdlh vU; ,tsalh }kjk djok;k
tkuk gS] vFkkZr vijks{k ;k nwjLFk izdj.kksa esaA ifjofrZ;ksa ¼Variables½ mudh bdkbZ;ksa vkSj mudh
vof/k dk fooj.k uhps dh rkfydk esa fn;k x;k gS%
rkfydk 9% p;fur DyLVjksa esa {kerk fuekZ.k laca/kh vkadM+ksa dh tkap
laLFkku dk izf'k{k.k
laLFkku dk uke izf'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k vkSj miyC/k djokbZ xbZ
gSaMgksfYMax
,d okZ esa vk;ksftr
uhfr dk;Z'kkyk,a
laLFkkxr izfrHkkxh
5
5
5
5---- fd;k x;k dk;Z%
fd;k x;k dk;Z%
fd;k x;k dk;Z%
fd;k x;k dk;Z% ;s os ifjorhZ ¼Variables½ gSa] tks DyLVj fgr/kkjdksa ds ifjizs{; ls] vafre y{; dks
izkIr djus ds fy, mi;qDr vk?kw.kZ cy dk fuekZ.k djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,axsA ifjofrZ;ksa
¼Variables½ mudh bdkbZ;ksa vkSj mudh vof/k dk fooj.k uhps dh rkfydk esa fn;k x;k gS%
rkfydk% p;fur DyLVjksa }kjk fd, x, dk;Z ds vkadM+ksa dh tkap
vk;ksftr izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dh la[;k izf'k{kqvksa dh la[;k
csapekdZ DyLVj@{ks= dh ;k=kvksa dh la[;k vkxarqdksa dh la[;k
xq.koRrk izek.khdj.k izkIr djus okys m|eksa dh la[;k
ubZ rduhdh viukus okys m|eksa dh la[;k
Uk, cktkjksa esa izos'k djus okys m|eksa dh la[;k
ÅtkZ dh cpr djus okys m|eksa dh la[;k
mRikndrk esa lq/kkj ykus okys m|eksa dh la[;k
fMtkbu fodkl djus okys m|eksa dh la[;k

52 | P a g e
mu m|eksa dh la[;k] ftUgksaus csgrj dk;Z fLFkfr;ka ykxw dh gksa
cSadksa ls la;kstu LFkkfir djus okys m|eksa dh la[;k
,sls m|eksa dh la[;k] ftUgksaus iznwk.k de djus ds mik; viuk,
6
6
6
6---- ifj.kke%
ifj.kke%
ifj.kke%
ifj.kke% ;s os ifjorhZ ¼Variables½ gSa ftUgsa izkIr djuk dyLVj ds ifjis{; ls lcls csgrj ifj.kke
gkfly djuk gSA ifjofrZ;ksa ¼Variables½mudh bdkbZ;ksa vkSj mudh vof/k dk fooj.k uhps dh rkfydk
esa fn;k x;k gS%
rkfydk% p;fur DyLVjksa esa ifj.kkeksa ds vkadM+ksa dh tkap
cpr esa o`f) :i;s esa
dqy fcØh esa o`f) :i;s eas
vk; ds Lrj esa o`f)% :i;s ds ewY; esa O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k] muesa efgykvksa vkSj fu/kZu
oxZ ds yksxksa dh la[;k
Ektnwjh ds Lrj esaa o`f) :i;s easa O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k] muesa efgykvksa vkSj fu/kZu
oxZ ds yksxksa dh la[;k
jkstxkj esa o`f)% la[;k
_.k vkoaVu :i;s ds ewY; esa m|eksa dh la[;k ftuesa ls lw{e m|eksa dh la[;k
m|eksa dk fuekZ.kla[;k
¼blds fy, vk/kkj Lrj ds vkadM+ksa dh miyC/krk egRoiw.kZ gksxh½
7
7
7
7---- izHkko%
izHkko%
izHkko%
izHkko% ;s os ifjorhZ ¼Variables½ gSa] tks lQy dk;kZUo;u dk ifj.kke gksrs gSa ;k vU; LFkkuksa ij izkIr
ifj.kkeksa ds vk/kkj ij uhfr dks izHkkfor djus ls fufeZr gksrs gSaA
rkfydk% p;fur DyLVjksa
rkfydk% p;fur DyLVjksa ij iz
ij iz
ij iz
ij izHkko ds vkadM+ksa dh tkap
Hkko ds vkadM+ksa dh tkap
ykxw fd, x, Uk, DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØeksa dh la[;k
mu iqjkus dk;ZØeksa dh la[;k] ftUgsa la'kksf/kr dj muesa DyLVj
ls lacaf/kr leL;k,a 'kkfey dh xbZ gksa
pqus x, u, DyLVj
u, uhfr nLrkost esa izfrfcafcr
8- /kkj.kh;r
/kkj.kh;r
/kkj.kh;r
/kkj.kh;r (Sustainability)% ;g mu laLFkkvksa@laLFkkuksa dh la[;k esa izfrfcafcr gksrk gS ftUgsa
fufeZr@lfØ; fd;k x;k gks vkSj mu chMh,l iznk;dksa ¼vkSipkfjd@vukSipkfjd½ esa Hkh] ftUgsa ;k
rks fufeZr fd;k x;k gks ;k ftuds lkFk la;kstu fd;k x;k gksA
rkfydk% p;fur DyLVjksa dh /kkj.kh
rkfydk% p;fur DyLVjksa dh /kkj.kh;rk ds vkadM+ksa dh tkap
;rk ds vkadM+ksa dh tkap
orZeku usVodksZa dh la[;k orZeku chMh,lih dh la[;k
bu usVodksZa dk vkdkj fufeZr chMh,lih dh la[;k
fufeZr fd, x, u, vkSipkfjd usVodksZa dh la;ksftr fd, x, chMh,lih dh la[;k

53 | P a g e
la[;k
bu vkSipkfjd usVodksZa dk vkdkj
ftu DyLVjksa esa dk;kZUo;u lh/ks fd;k tk jgk gS] ogka dksbZ ,tsalh] ifj.kkeksa ds ekinaMksa ij izHkko Mkyrh
gSA ijarq ifj;kstuk dks ykxw djus dh lhfer le;kof/k ds dkj.k] ifj.kkeksa ds ekinaMksa dh izHkkons;rk
dk Lrj lhfer gks tkrk gSA vr% fd, x, dk;Z ds ekiu ds fy, izklafxd ekinaMksa dks Hkh laKku esa
fy;k tk ldrk gSA fdlh ,tsalh }kjk dk;kZUo;u dh fLFkfr esa izHkko dk vkadyu mlds dk;Z{ks= ls
ckgj gksrk gSA dgus dh vko';drk ugha fd ctV dk mi;ksx o xfrfof/k dh lekfIr] mijksDr ds fy,
midj.k gks ldrs gSa ijarq budk vafre ijh{k.k ifj.kke ls gh fu/kkZfjr gksrk gSA ijarq /kkj.kh;rk ds
n`fVdks.k ls] izkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnku egRoiw.kZ gS] ;|fi og fd, x, dk;Z ,oa
ifj.kkeksa ftruk egRoiw.kZ ugha gSA vr%] egRo ds ?kVrs gq, Øe esa ekinaM fuEukuqlkj gSa%
¼v½ ifj.kkeA
¼c½ fd, x, dk;ZA
¼l½ izkFkfed o f}rh;d fgr/kkjdksa dk ;ksxnkuA
¼n½ fufeZr@iquthZfor fd, x, LFkkuh; laLFkku@la?k o mu chMh,lih dh la[;k ftuds lkFk
la;kstu fd;k x;k gksA
¼c½ ftu vfrfjDr nLrkostksa dh tkap dh tkuh pkfg,] os fuEukuqlkj gSa%
1- fopkjkFkZ fok;
2- ny ds lnL;] muds lhoh@lexz tkc pkVZ o fu;qfDri=ksa lfgr
3- orZeku esusTkesaV buQkjes'ku flLVe
4- ifj;kstuk dh vkarfjd leh{kk dk;Zfof/k vkSj leFkZd vkadM+s ¼mnkgj.kkFkZ ifj;kstuk leh{kk
cSBdksa dk dk;ZØe o dk;Zfooj.k½ ij uksV

54 | P a g e
ifjf'kV 2% izLrkfor 10 ,
ifjf'kV 2% izLrkfor 10 ,e,l,ebZ QsflfyVs'ku dsUæksa }kjk miyC/k
e,l,ebZ QsflfyVs'ku dsUæksa }kjk miyC/k
djokbZ tkus okyh laHkkfor lsokvksa dh
djokbZ tkus okyh laHkkfor lsokvksa dh fun'khZ
fun'khZ
fun'khZ
fun'khZ lwph
lwph
lwph
lwph
gekjk izLrko gS fd 10 QslhfyVs'ku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk] laiw.kZ izns'k esa ,sls j.kuhfrd LFkkuksa ij dh tkuh
pkfg, tgka ls os vf/kdka'k ,e,l,ebZ dks viuh lsok,a iznku dj ldsaA blds fy, m|eksa dh la[;k]
lsDVj ¼fuekZ.k] d`fk izlaLdj.k o lsok,a½] mi lsDVj ¼[kk| izlaLdj.k bR;kfn½ dks /;ku esa j[kk tkuk
gksxkA
Yk{;@dk;Z{ks=
Yk{;@dk;Z{ks=
Yk{;@dk;Z{ks=
Yk{;@dk;Z{ks= QslhfyVs'ku dsUnzksa dh Hkwfedk
vkosnu@izfØ;kvksa vkfn ds lanHkZ
esa ,e,l,ebZ dh lgk;rk
,e,l,ebZ QslhyhVs'ku ;k vUrO;Zogkj
vkosnu i=ksa] vuqeksnuksa] ;kstukvksa] uhfr;ksa] izksRlkguksa bR;kfn ds
laca/k esa iFkizn'kZu
'kadkvksa dk lek/kku
varfoZHkkxh; leUo;
izR;sd fo'kskhd`r {ks= ds fy,
O;
O;
O;
O;k
kk
kolkf;d chMh,lih ds iwy dk
olkf;d chMh,lih ds iwy dk
fuekZ.k dj
fuekZ.k dj
fuekZ.k dj
fuekZ.k dj]]]] ,e,l,ebZ dk m|e
,e,l,ebZ dk m|e
,e,l,ebZ dk m|e
,e,l,ebZ dk m|e
O;olk; fodkl lsok iznk;dksa ls
la;kstu
la;kstu
la;kstu
la;kstu
j.kuhfrd lsok iznk;d% osaMj fodkl] cktkj la;kstu dks lqxe
djuk] csgrj xq.koRrk] mRikndrk] mRikn@fMtk;u fodkl
bR;kfn dh izfØ;k esa lq/kkj gsrq rduhdh ekxZn'kZu
lkekU; lsok iznk;d% foRrh;] ys[kk o dj laca/kh ijke'kZ% daiuh
vf/kfu;e 2013] vk;dj vf/kfu;e] osV o lh,lVh ls tqM+h
foØ; dj dh leL;k,a] foHkkxh; ck/kkvksa ds ekeys esa mPprj
izkf/kdkfj;ksa ds le{k vH;kosnu] iSu] oSV o lsokdj iathdj.k
ds fy, vkosnu] fjVuZ QkbZy djuk] _.kksa dh iqulaZjpuk]
daiuh dh fyfLVax] daiuh dh LFkkiuk] Hkkxhnkj m|eksa dk
iathdj.k] fMthVy gLrk{kj] lfefr dk iathdj.k] fu;kZr ds
laca/k esa ekxZn'kZu] fu;kZrdksa ds fy, ewy LFkku dk izek.ki=]
Hkwfe mi;ksx esa ifjorZu dk vkosnu vkSj mldh izfØ;k]
vkbZ,lvks izek.khdj.k bR;kfn ds laca/k esa ijke'kZ iznku djuk
Hkqxrku esa nsjh ds ekeyksa esa lgk;rk% ,e,l,ebZ dks mu
Hkqxrkuksa dks izkIr djus esa lgk;rk djuk tks olwy ugha gks jgs
gSa vFkok Qal x, gaSa] mUgsa fofHkUu j{kksik;ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
nsuk] dkuwuh mik;ksa ds ckjs esa crkuk] mUgsa uohure dkuwuksa dh
tkudkjh nsuk vkSj mUgsa ml jksMesi ds ckjs esa tkx:d cukuk
ftldk ikyu dj os yacs le; ls vVds Hkqxrkuksa dks izkIr dj
ldrs gSaA
iznwk.k laca/kh vuqefr;ka% ^vkS|ksfxd iznwk.k ds ijh{k.k o mipkj^
gsrq rduhdh o fof/kd ijke'kZnk=h lsok,a iznku djuk ftuesa
vukifRr izek.ki=Dyhj;saldalsV~liwokZuqenksui;kZoj.k
fooj.k o ekfld o okfkZd fjVuZ bR;kfn rS;kj djuk vkSj
mudk izLrqfrdj.k 'kkfey gS( ,;j ,ach,aV] ,;j ,QY;w,aV] ty
o /ofu iznwk.k dk ijh{k.k ok;q iznwk.k fu;a=.k midj.k dh
fMtkbu] mldh LFkkiuk izfØ;k o jlk;u] ,QY;w,aV VªhVesaV
IykaV] is;ty mipkj la;= ftlesa vkjvks 'kkfey gS] lhost
VªhVesaV IykaV] lsfIVd VSad] lkfyM gtkjMl osLV esausVtesaV]
,uok;jesaV vkfMV] ,uok;jesaV bEisDV vlslesaV o ,uok;jesaV
ekuhVfjax vkfn ds laca/k esa lgk;rk miyC/k djokukA

55 | P a g e
vukifRr izek.ki= ds fy, tks nLrkost vko';d gSa muesa LFky
uD'kk] vofLFkfr ;kstuk] izkstsDV fjiksVZ] pkVZM ,dkmaVsaV dk
izek.ki=] MhVhih ls ,uvkslh] bZ,e la[;k] O;ogk;Zrk fjiksVZ]
bZVhi MªkbZax bR;kfn 'kkfey gSaA
fo|qr la;kstu] vkosnui=] vuqeksnu dh izfØ;k] vko';d
nLrkost
fuekZ.k dk;Z djus ds fy, vko';d lHkh vuqKki=ksa ds laca/k esa
tkudkjh
miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa] fMysM isesaV dkmafly] ekuokf/kdkj o
lwpuk ds vf/kdkj ds lanHkZ esa fof/kd lgk;rk
Je dkuwuksa] deZpkjh jkT; chek ;kstuk] Hkfo; fuf/k ds laca/k
esa lgk;rk lsok,a
Hkkjr ljdkj o e/;izns'k ljdkj
dh ,e,l,ebZ ds foRriksk.k dh
;kstukvksa ds laca/k esa tkx:drk
e/;izns'k ljdkj dh yxHkx 23
vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj dh yxHkx
400 ;kstuk,a ,e,l,ebZ o
m|ferk fodkl ij dsfUnzr gSaA ;s
yxHkx leLr {ks=ksa ij ykxw gksrh
gaS ftuesa uohu lkak vk/kkjHkwr
lajpuk dk fuekZ.k] dkS'ky
fodkl] foRr iksk.k] rduhdh]
fodkl ,oa vuqla/kku bR;kfn
lfgr lHkh ,sls {ks= 'kkfey gSa
ftuesa leL;k,a gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ
,e,l,ebZlhMhih]
MhvkbZihihvkbZvkbZ;w,l]
,u,lMhlh] ,evks,QihvkbZ vkfn
;kstuk,a 'khru J`a[kyk vkSj
izlaLdj.k v/kkslajpuk ds fy, gSaA
buds vfrfjDr LVsV feuh DyLVj
MsOyiesaV Ldhe] fØfVdy
bUÝkLVªDpj Ldhe] ,Eiky;esaV
tujs'ku lcflMh] bysfDVªdy
tujs'ku lcflMh] bysfDVªdy
M;wVh ,DlsaEi'ku] bUVªsLV
lcflMh Ldhe] ,y,l,l,l
Ldhe bR;kfn 'kkfey gSaA
Tkkx:drk vfHk;kuksa dk vk;kstu
OkkfkZd@v/kZokfkZd lEesyu ftuesa 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh]
,e,l,ebZ] vkS|ksfxd laLFkkvksa] ijke'kZnkrkvksa vkfn dh
Hkkxhnkjh gks
ch,evks] O;kikj la?kksa] vkS|ksfxd laLFkkvksa bR;kfn ls
fopkjfoe'kZ
lnL;ksa ds chp ipksZa] foojf.kdkvksa bR;kfn ds forj.k ds
tfj, tkx:drk fuekZ.k
le;le; ij lnL;ksa@,e,l,ebZ ds chp lwpuk i=ksa
dk forj.k
osclkbZVksa vkSj eksckbZy vk/kkfjr ,Il ds tfj, lwpukvksa
dk izlkj ftlls ,e,l,ebZ vklkuh ls izklafxd ;kstukvksa rd
viuh igqap cuk ldsaA tgka rd O;ogk;Z gks vkosnui=ksa ds
vkWuykbZu izLrqfrdj.k dks leFkZu fn;k tk,A osclkbZV]
vkosnudrkZ dks vius vkosnui= dh fLFkfr tkuus esa enn
djsxhA lgk;rk ;kstukvksa dks vkosnudrkZ dh Js.kh ¼,d
,e,l,ebZ] m|eksa vFkok laLFkkvksa ds lewg½ {ks= ¼rduhdh]
foi.ku] v/kkslajpuk bR;kfn½ o L=ksr ¼ea=ky;@foHkkx@cSad½
bR;kfn ds vk/kkj ij oxhZd`r fd;k tk,xkA ;kstukvksa dh
tkudkjh ds lkFk og fyad Hkh miyC/k djokbZ tk,xh ftldk
bLrseky dj vkosnui= Hkjk tk ldrk gSA

56 | P a g e
DyLVj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= eas xfr'khyrk ds lao/kZu ds fy, vkSj DYkLVj fodkl iz;klksa dks izHkkodkjh o
/kkj.kh; cukus ds fy, ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa dks DyLVj fodkl dh vo/kkj.kk vkSj
mldh izfØ;k ds laca/k esa izf'k{k.k fn;k tk, vkSj mudh {kerkvksa dk fodkl fd;k tk,A ijarq izf'k{k.k
dk;ZØeksa dh fok;lwph vkSj mudh dk;Zfof/k] lacaf/kr O;fDr;ksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj mRrjnkf;Roksa ij vk/kkfjr
gksdj vyxvyx gksxhA
fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k ekM;wyksa dh izLrkfor lwph fuEu rkfydk esa nh xbZ gSA buesa ls dqN
izf'k{k.k vyx ls fn, tk ldrs gSa vkSj vU;ksa dks ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx o vU;ksa dh vko';drk ds vuq:i
,d lkFk tksM+k tk ldrk
eq[; fgr/kkjdksa ds fy, izLrkfor izf'k{k.k ekM;wyksa dh lwph
Lrj
Lrj
Lrj
Lrj fgr/kkjdksa dh
fgr/kkjdksa dh
fgr/kkjdksa dh
fgr/kkjdksa dh
Jsf.k;ka
Jsf.k;ka
Jsf.k;ka
Jsf.k;ka
fgr/kkjdksa dh fun'khZ lwph
fgr/kkjdksa dh fun'khZ lwph izf'k{k.k
izf'k{k.k
izf'k{k.k
izf'k{k.k o
o
o
o
{kerk fodkl
{kerk fodkl
{kerk fodkl
{kerk fodkl
;kstuk
;kstuk
;kstuk
;kstuk
jkT;
jkT;
jkT;
jkT;
ikfjfLFkfrdh
ikfjfLFkfrdh
ikfjfLFkfrdh
ikfjfLFkfrdh
ra=
ra=
ra=
ra=
uhfr fgr/kkjd v
v
v
v---- fodkl
fodkl
fodkl
fodkl
• ,e,l,ebZ foHkkx] e/;izns'k 'kklu
• m|ksx ,oa okf.kT; foHkkx
• ,e,l,ebZMhvkbZ
• uxjh; fodkl o vkokl foHkkx
• jkT; foKku ,oa rduhdh foHkkx
• jkT; vkthfodk fe'ku
• lsDVj fodkl fuxe ¼mnkgj.kkFkZ diM+k bR;kfn]
vxj gksa rks½
lewg1
c
c
c
c---- fofu;ked
fofu;ked
fofu;ked
fofu;ked
• e/;izns'k iznwk.k fuokj.k eaMy
• jktLo foHkkx
lewg1
vU; foRrh; laLFkku
foRrh; laLFkku
foRrh; laLFkku
foRrh; laLFkku ¼cSad ,oa xSjcSafdx foRrh; laLFkku½ lewg1
rduhdh laLFkku
rduhdh laLFkku
rduhdh laLFkku
rduhdh laLFkku@
@
@
@chMh,lih
chMh,lih
chMh,lih
chMh,lih
,uvkbZ,QVh] Hkksiky ,uvkbZVh bR;kfn
lewg1
fodkl laLFkk,a ,uthvks@
@
@
@futh {ks= dh fodkl laLFkk,a] jkT; Lrj ds
la?k] psEcj vkWQ dkelZ ,.M baMLVªh
lewg1] 2 o
3
DyLVj
DyLVj
DyLVj
DyLVj
ikfjfLFkfrdh
ikfjfLFkfrdh
ikfjfLFkfrdh
ikfjfLFkfrdh
ra=
ra=
ra=
ra=
izeq[k QesZa ,e,l,ebZ lewg3
lgk;d QesZa ewY; J`a[kyk ds vU; fgr/kkjd tSls dPpk eky
iznk;d] Øsrk bR;kfn
lewg3
ch,evks DyLVj ,e,l,ebZ laLFkk,a lewg2 ,oa 3
chMh,lih j.kuhfrd% rduhdh ijke'kZnkrk bR;kfn
lkekU;% pkVMZ ,dkmaVsV] foRrh; lykgdkj
lewg3
leFkZd laLFkku LFkkuh; rduhdh laLFkk,a tSls 'kks/k laLFkk,a@
@
@
@vuqla/kku lewg3

57 | P a g e
Lrj
Lrj
Lrj
Lrj fgr/kkjdksa dh
fgr/kkjdksa dh
fgr/kkjdksa dh
fgr/kkjdksa dh
Jsf.k;ka
Jsf.k;ka
Jsf.k;ka
Jsf.k;ka
fgr/kkjdksa dh fun'khZ lwph izf'k{k.k
izf'k{k.k
izf'k{k.k
izf'k{k.k o
o
o
o
{kerk fodkl
{kerk fodkl
{kerk fodkl
{kerk fodkl
;kstuk
;kstuk
;kstuk
;kstuk
o fodkl dsUnz] LFkkuh; foHkkx] foRrh; laLFkku
izf'k{k.k o {kerk fuekZ.k gsrq fun'khZ ekM;wy
lewg 1% jkT; ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= esa uhfr fgr/kkjdksa dk izf'k{k.k
m)s';%
m)s';%
m)s';%
m)s';% uhfr fu/kkZjdksa esa bl rjg dk {kerk fuekZ.k djuk rkfd os jkT; esa DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe dh
ifjdYiuk djus] mldh ;kstuk cukus] mldk fØ;kUo;u djus vkSj mldk izHkkoh losZ{k.k djus esa l{ke
cu ldsaA
fo
fo
fo
fo

k; lwph%
k; lwph%
k; lwph%
k; lwph%
ekM;wy 1%
ekM;wy 1%
ekM;wy 1%
ekM;wy 1% DyLVj o DyLVj fodkl dh vo/kkj.kk
ekM;wy 2%
ekM;wy 2%
ekM;wy 2%
ekM;wy 2% DyLVj fodkl uhfr;ka ¼oSf'od o jkVªh;½ vkSj mnkgj.k ¼D;ksa dqN DyLVj vPNk izn'kZu
djrs gSa vkSj dqN ughafodflr o fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds DyLVjksa ls izek.k½
ekM;wy 3%
ekM;wy 3%
ekM;wy 3%
ekM;wy 3% DyLVj fodkl izfØ;k
ekM;wy 4%
ekM;wy 4%
ekM;wy 4%
ekM;wy 4% DyLVjksa ds izksRlkgu esa uhfr dh Hkwfedk ¼DyLVjksa ds vxz.kh m|eksa@
@
@
@oSf'kd ewY; J`a[kykvksa
o ,lbZtsM@
@
@
@bZihtsM@
@
@
@vkSSSS|ksfxd xfy;kjksa ds lkFk ,dhdj.k ij tksj½
• DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe dk dk;kZUo;u
• DyLVj fodkl esa fo'okl fuekZ.k dh Hkwfedk
• DyLVjksa esa O;olk; fodkl lsokvksa dks izksRlkgu
• vif'kV ls laifRr fuekZ.kdk;Zfof/k;ka
• lkak lqfo/kk dsUnz dk fodkl
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5% 'kkkldh; leFkZd ;kstukvksa ls la;kstu ¼foRr O;oLFkk ds fy,½
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6% cktkj dk fodkl o oSf'od ewY; J`a[kyk ls tqM+ko ¼DyLVj esas Kku o O;olk; ds izokg
dks tksM+uk½
ekM;wy 7%
ekM;wy 7%
ekM;wy 7%
ekM;wy 7% DyLVjksa esa uoksUesk dks izksRlkgu
ekM;wy 8%
ekM;wy 8%
ekM;wy 8%
ekM;wy 8% izHkkoh lkoZtfud@futh laokn
ekM;wy 9%
ekM;wy 9%
ekM;wy 9%
ekM;wy 9% DyLVj fodkl dk;ZØe dk i;Zos{k.k] ewY;kadu vkSj izHkko vkadyu
ekM;wy 10%
ekM;wy 10%
ekM;wy 10%
ekM;wy 10% lwpuk izca/ku
fof/k%
fof/k%
fof/k%
fof/k%
dk;Zi)fr esa Dykl:e l=] dsl LVMh] ifjp; ;k=k,a] O;fDrxr dk;Z] izLrqfrdj.k] fopkjfoe'kZ
bR;kfn 'kkfey gksaxs

58 | P a g e
lewg 2%
lewg 2%
lewg 2%
lewg 2% fctusl esacjf'ki vkxZukbZts'kUl@vkS|ksfxd la?kksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k
fctusl esacjf'ki vkxZukbZts'kUl@vkS|ksfxd la?kksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k
m)s';%
m)s';%
m)s';%
m)s';% psEcj vkWQ dkelZ o vU; vkS|ksfxd la?kksa lfgr fctusl esaecjf'ki vkxZukbZts'kuksa ds
inkf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj lfpoky;hu deZpkfj;ksa dks izf'k{k.k nsuk o mudk {kerk fuekZ.kA
fo
fo
fo
fo

k; lwph%
k; lwph%
k; lwph%
k; lwph%
ekM;wy 1%
ekM;wy 1%
ekM;wy 1%
ekM;wy 1% ,e,l,ebZ ds ch,evks dh vo/kkj.kk ls ifjp; ¼izdkj] m)s';] xfrfof/k;ka bR;kfn½
ekM;wy 2%
ekM;wy 2%
ekM;wy 2%
ekM;wy 2% ch,evks dk izHkkodkjh izca/ku
ekM;wy 3%
ekM;wy 3%
ekM;wy 3%
ekM;wy 3% ,e,l,ebZ ds fy, vk; l`tu lsok,a
ekM;wy 4%
ekM;wy 4%
ekM;wy 4%
ekM;wy 4% ,e,l,ebZ o muds izR;{k fgr/kkjdksa ds ykHk ds fy, miyC/k ;kstuk,a
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5% mRrjnk;h izfrLi/kkZRedrk
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6% izHkkoh lkoZtfud@futh laokn ds tfj, fgek;r
fof/k%
fof/k%
fof/k%
fof/k%
Dykl:e izf'k{k.k l=] dsl LVMh] lkewfgd dk;Z o csapekdZ ch,evks ls ifjp;
lewg 3% DyLVj ds lnL;ksa o ?kVdksa ds fy, fof'kV DyLVj dsfUnzr izf'k{k.k
m)s';%
m)s';%
m)s';%
m)s';% v½ LFkkuh; ,e,l,ebZ ewY; J`a[kyk Hkkxhnkjksa] laLFkkuksa] O;olk; lykgdkj lsok iznk;dksa o vU;
vk/kkjHkwr buiqV iznk;dksa ds chp izfrLi/kkZ o lg;ksx dh laLd`fr dk fodkl djukA blds fy, pqus gq,
DyLVjks esa LFkkuh; Lrj ij usVofdZax] la;kstuksa vkSj laLFkkxr mUu;u dk bLrseky fd;k tk,xkA
c½ QeksZa dh {kerkvksaa dks bl izdkj etcwr cukuk rkfd os viuh mRikndrk vkSj izfrLi/kkZRedrk dks
ckus ds fy, vko';d rduhdh vkSj xSjrduhdh t:jrksa dks iwjk dj ldsa
fo
fo
fo
fo

k; lwph%
k; lwph%
k; lwph%
k; lwph%
lewg
lewg
lewg
lewg 1%
1%
1%
1% DyLVj fodkl dk;Zi)fr ¼lkekU;½
DyLVj fodkl dk;Zi)fr ¼lkekU;½
ekM;wy
ekM;wy
ekM;wy
ekM;wy 1
1
1
1%%%% DyLVj fodkl dh vo/kkj.kk,a ¼DyLVj D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gSa½
ekM;wy
ekM;wy
ekM;wy
ekM;wy 2
2
2
2%%%% lg;ksx dk egRo ¼lg;ksx ds izdkj] bldh vko';drk vkSj blds ifj.kke½
ekM;wy
ekM;wy
ekM;wy
ekM;wy 3
3
3
3%%%% DyLVj ds fy, dk;Z;kstuk rS;kj djukvo/kkj.kk] midj.k o ekxZnf'kZdk
ekM;wy
ekM;wy
ekM;wy
ekM;wy 4
4
4
4%%%% dk;kZUo;u ds midj.k o rjhds ¼la;qDr xfrfof/k;ksa dk vk;kstu] usVodksZa dalksjf'k;k
bR;kfn dk fuekZ.k½
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5% lalk/ku tqVkuk
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6% lh,Qlh dk fuekZ.k
ekM;wy 7%
ekM;wy 7%
ekM;wy 7%
ekM;wy 7% O;olk; fodkl lsok iznk;dksa o la;kstuksa dh igpku vkSj Hkwfedk
lewg
lewg
lewg
lewg 2
2
2
2%%%% LekVZ
LekVZ
LekVZ
LekVZ DyLVj
DyLVj
DyLVj
DyLVj ds fy, LekVZ O;olk;
ds fy, LekVZ O;olk;
ds fy, LekVZ O;olk;
ds fy, LekVZ O;olk; ¼
¼
¼
¼vko';drkvk/kkfjr bleas p;fur DyLVjksa dh
vko';drkvk/kkfjr bleas p;fur DyLVjksa dh
vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i ifjorZu fd;k tk ldrk gS
vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i ifjorZu fd;k tk ldrk gS ½
½
½
½

59 | P a g e
ekM;wy 1%
ekM;wy 1%
ekM;wy 1%
ekM;wy 1% cktkj dk fodkl vkSj oSf'od ewY; J`a[kykvksa ls la;kstu
ekM;wy 2%
ekM;wy 2%
ekM;wy 2%
ekM;wy 2% DyLVj dh czkafMx
ekM;wy 3%
ekM;wy 3%
ekM;wy 3%
ekM;wy 3% Kku o fodkl ds izokg ds fy, DyLVjksa dk tqM+ko
ekM;wy 4%
ekM;wy 4%
ekM;wy 4%
ekM;wy 4% ÅtkZ n{krk
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5%
ekM;wy 5% LekVZ DyLVj o LekVZ flVh ds varlZca/k
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6%
ekM;wy 6% vif'kV ls laifRr fuekZ.k ¼vkS|ksfxd lgthou dks ckok nsuk rkfd vkS|ksfxd vif'kV
dk mi;ksx fd;k tk lds½
ekM;wy 7% mRiknu izca/ku ¼yhu@VhD;w,e½
ekM;wy 8%
ekM;wy 8%
ekM;wy 8%
ekM;wy 8% dkS'ky fodkl
fof/k%
fof/k%
fof/k%
fof/k%
Dykl:e izf'k{k.k l=] dsl LVMh] lkewfgd xfrfof/k;ka] rduhdh fo'kskKksa ds lkFk varO;Zogkj
¼rduhdh fok;ksa ij½ csapekdZ izsfDVfll ls ifjp;

Ikfjf'kV4 Hkkjr ljdkj dh dqN DyLVj fodkl ;kstukvksa dh laf{kIr tkudkjh
;kstuk dk uke vkosnu gsrq ik=
dk;kZy;@laLFkku
lgk;rk dk {ks= vuqnku dh jkf'k Apply to
lw{e] y?kq ,oa e/;e m|ksx ea=ky;] fodkl vk;qDr ¼lw{e] y?kq ,oa e/;e m|ksx½
lw{e ,oa y?kq
m|e DyLVj
fodkl dk;ZØe
¼,e,lbZlhMhih
½
fØ;kUo;u ,tsUlh%
lw{e] y?kq ,oa e/;e m|ksx
ea=ky; ds dk;kZy;@jkT;
'kklu] jkVªh;@varjkZVªh; Lrj
dh os laLFkk,a ftudk dk;Z{ks=
lw{e] y?kq ,oa e/;e m|ksxksa dk
fodkl gksA ;g vko';d gksxk
fd ykHkkFkhZ DyLVj dh U;wure
20 bdkbZ;ksa ¼fo'ksk fLFkfr esa ;g
la[;k 10 rd gks ldrh gS½ dk
,d ,lihoh cuk;k tk, tks
lkoZtfud lqfo/kk dsUnz dk izca/ku
djsxkA
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh% MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh fjiksVZ ¼Mh,lvkj½
rS;kj djukA ch,evks] ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u esa lg;ksx djsaxsA
lkW¶V baVjosU’ku % lkekU; tkx:drk mRiUu djuk]
vfHkizsj.k o fo'okl fuekZ.k] v/;;u ;k=k,a] rduhdh mUu;u
ij dsfUnzr laxksfB;ksa] dk;Z'kkykvksa ,oa izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa esa
izfrHkkfxrk vkfnA
foLr`r ifj;kstuk jiV ¼Mhihvkj½% lw{e ,oa y?kq m|e
DyLVj esa lkoZtfud lqfo/kk dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk] vkSj@;k uohu
vkS|ksfxd dsUnzksa gsrq v/kkslajpuk fodkl ;k igys ls py jgs
vkS|ksfxd dsUnzksa esa v/kkslajpuk ds mUu;u gsrq rduhdh ,oa
foRrh; n`fV ls O;ogk;Z ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ rS;kj djukA
gkMZ baVjosU’ku% ¼foLr`r ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ esa vuqeksfnr gksus
dh fLFkfr esa½% lkoZtfud lqfo/kk dsUnzksa] fMtkbZu dsUnzksa] ijh{k.k
lqfo/kkvksa] izf'k{k.k dsUnzksa] vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl dsUnzkas] vif'kV
'kks/ku la;= vkfn LFkkfir djukA
.
:i;s 2-50 yk[k izfr Mh,lvkjA lw{e] y?kq ,oa e/;e
m|ksx ea=ky; dh laLFkkvksa ds fy, :- 1 yk[k izfr
Mh,lvkjA
.
ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 75 izfr'kr] vf/kdre :- 25-00
yk[k izfr DyLVjA ftu DyLVjksa esa 50 izfr'kr ls
vf/kd % ¼v½ lw{e@xzkeh.k ¼c½ efgyk LokfeRo ¼l½
vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr LokfeRo okyh
bdkbZ;ka gksa muds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 90 izfr'kr
vuqnku fn;k tk,A
:- 5-00 yk[k izfr MhihvkjA Lohd`r jkf'k ds 50
izfr'kr dk Hkqxrku vuqeksnu ds i'pkr fd;k tk,xk
,oa 'ksk 50 izfr'kr dk Hkqxrku fjiksVZ Lohdkj gksus ij
gksxkA
ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 70 izfr'kr ,oa vf/kdre :- 15
djksM+A ftu DyLVjksa esa 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd % ¼v½
lw{e@xzkeh.k ¼c½ efgyk LokfeRo ¼l½ vuqlwfpr
tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr LokfeRo okyh bdkbZ;ka gksa
muds fy, 90 izfr'krA
fodkl vk;qDr]
¼lw{e] y?kq ,oa e/;e
m|ksx½ dk;kZy;]
lacaf/kr jkT; ljdkj
ds ek/;e ls
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://msme.gov.in/Wri
teReadData/Documen
tFile/ModifiedGuidelin
esofMSE.pdf
jkT;@dsUnz'kkflr izns'k 'kklu]
jkT; 'kklu dh fdlh mi;qDr
laLFkk ds ek/;e ls ftldk ,slh
ifj;kstkvksa ds fØ;kUo;u ds
ekeys eas fiNyk dk;Z fuiknu
fjdkMZ vPNk gksA
v/kkslajpuk fodkl% uohu@igys ls dk;Zjr vkS|ksfxd
fodkl dsUnzksa esa lw{e ,oa y?kq m|ksxksa gsrq fo|qr forj.k
usVodZ] ty] nwjlapkj] tyey fudklh ,oa iznwk.k fu;a=.k]
lM+dksa] cSadksa] dPPks eky] HkaMkj.k ,oa foi.ku dsUnzksa] lkoZtfud
lqfo/kk dsUnzksa ,oa rduhdh lgk;rk lsok,a LFkkfir djukA
Hkkjr ljdkj ifj;kstuk ykxr :i;s 10-00 djksM+ dh
vf/kdre 60 izfr'kr jkf'k iznku djsxhA ftu DyLVjksa
esa 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd % ¼v½ lw{e ¼c½ efgyk LokfeRo
¼l½ vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr LokfeRo okyh
bdkbZ;ka gksa muds fy, 80 izfr'krA.

61 | P a g e
dk;kZy;@laLFkku
jkVªh; fofuekZ.k
izfrLi/kkZ ;kstuk
ds varxZr Lkw{e
,oa y?kq m|ksxkas
gsrq vuqRiknd
fuekZ.k izfrLi/kkZ
;kstuk
lHkh ,e,l,ebZ bdkbZ;ka ftudk
10 ¼$@2½ ds feuh DyLVj
,lihoh ¼U;kl@lfefr@daiuh
ds :i esa iathd`r gksa½
Hkkjr ljdkj ls tkx:drk dk;ZØeksa ds fØ;kUo;u dh
ykxr o ,y,e rduhdh ds fØ;kUo;u gsrq feyus okyh
;kstuk ds varxZrA ;g ,elh esa ,y,elh }kjk fØ;kfUor
fd;k tk,xkA
yhu eSU;wQsDpfjax dUlyVsaV ¼,y,elh½ ds 80 izfr'kr
'kqYd rdA
mu ,y,elh }kjk fØ;kfUor fd;k tk,xk tks jkVªh;
mRikndrk ifjkn ds iSuy esa 'kkfey gksa
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://www.dcmsme.go
v.in/Guidelines%20Le
an.pdf
Ikhihih ds varxZr
feuh Vwy :El
dh LFkkiuk
¼1½ dsUnzh; ihihih ekMy%
futh Hkkxhnkj ¼O;fDr] daiuh]
laLFkk] ,uthvks@lfefr½ }kjk
LFkkfir ,oa lapkfyr
¼2½ jkT; ihihih ekMy%
,uthvks ¼,lihoh½ ds lg;ksx ls
jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk LFkkfir tks
ijLij lger 'krksZa ij
ifj;kstukvksa dk lapkyu djsaxs
¼bl ekMy dk mi;ksx rHkh
fd;k tk,xk tc ekMy 1
O;ogk;Z ugha gksxk½A
¼3½ dsUnzjkT; ekMy%
ifj;kstuk dh LFkkiuk vkSj
izca/ku jkT; ljdkj@jkT;
ljdkj dh ,tsfUl;ksa }kjk fd;k
tk,xkA¼bl ekMy dk mi;ksx
rHkh fd;k tk,xk tc ekMy 1
O;ogk;Z ugha gksxk½A
feuh Vwy:eksa vkSj izf'k{k.k dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk tks midj.kksa ds
mRiknu vkSj mudh fMtkbZu ds fy, izf'k{k.k dh lqfo/kk
miyC/k djok,axs vkSj y?kq m|ksxksa dh mRikn fodkl esa
lykgdkj dh Hkwfedk fuHkk,axs vkSj dsUnzh;@lkoZtfud lqfo/kk
dsUnz ds :Ik esa dk;Z djsaxs
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk miyC/k djkbZ tkus okyh vkfFkZd
lgk;rk%
dsUnzh; ihihih ekMy% ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 40
izfr'kr ;k :- 9 djksM+ tks Hkh de gksA
jkT; ihihih ekMy% e'khujh o midj.k dh 90
izfr'kr ykxrA vf/kdre :i;s 9 djksM+
dsUnzjkT; ekMy% e'khujh o midj.k dh 90 izfr'kr
ykxrA vf/kdre :i;s 9 djksM+
izLrko vkeaf=r fd,
tk,axsA foLr`r
tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://www.dcmsme.go
v.in/schemes/MTRGu
delines_New.pdf
[kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx ¼dsohvkbZlh½
LQwfrZ dk;kZUo;u ,tsafl;kaa% ,uthvks]
dsanz o jkT; ljdkj ds laLFkku]
baVjosU’ku dh rhu izeq[k Jsf.k;ka% foRr iksk.k dh pkj Jsf.k;k%
lkW¶V baVjosU’ku % 100 izfr'kr foRr iksk.k] dqy
mi lfpo]
,e,l,ebZ ea=ky;

62 | P a g e
dk;kZy;@laLFkku
v)Z'kkldh; laLFkku] jkT; o
dsUnz ljdkj ds eSnkuh dehZ]
iapk;rh jkt laLFkk,a bR;kfn
ftUgsa DyLVj fodkl dk;Z djus
esa mi;qDr fo'kskKrk gkfly gksA
futh {ks=] dkjiksjsV o lh,lvkj
Hkh Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, vkosnu dj
ldrs gSaA
dk;kZUo;u ,tsafl;ksa }kjk vafre
LohÑfr izkIr djus ds fy,
,lihOgh dk xBu vko';d gSA
lkW¶V baVjosU’ku % lkekU; tkx:drk mRiUu djuk]
laLFkkxr fodkl] dkS'ky fodkl] v/;;u ;k=k,a] fMt+kbu o
mRikn fodkl] dk;Z'kkykvksa ,oa izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa esa izfrHkkfxrk
vkfnA
gkMZ baVjosU’ku% lkoZtfud lqfo/kk dsanz] dPpk eky cSad]
mRiknu v/kkslajpuk dk mUu;u] HkaMkj.k lqfo/kk] izf'k{k.k dsanz]
ewY; lao/kZu o izlaLdj.k dsanz] fofo/k mRiknksa ds fy, fofo/k
lqfo/kk,aA
fok;xr baVjosU’ku% czkaM fuekZ.k ,oa lao/kZu vfHk;ku] u;k
ehfM;k vfHk;ku] bZdkelZ iz;kl] uokpkj] vuqla/kku ,oa
fodkl iz;kl] orZeku o izLrkfor DyLVjksa ls laLFkkxr
fyadstA
ifj;kstuk ykxr ds vf/kdre 33 izfr'kr ;k :i, 25
yk[k tks Hkh de gks rd lhferA
gkMZ baVjosU’ku% 75 izfr'kr foRr iksk.k
fok;xr baVjosU’ku% dqy ctV vkoaVu dk 5 izfr'kr
vfrfjDr
rduhdh ,tsalh dh ykxr% e`nq o gkMZ baVjosU’ku dk 8
izfr'krA
dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh dh ykxr% 100 izfr'kr foRr iksk.k
vf/kdre :i, 20 yk[k izfr ifj;kstukA
DyLVj ds vkdkj ij vk/kkfjr jkf'k dk vkoaVu% NksVs
DyLVj ¼500 f'kfYi;ksa rd½% ctV lhek :i, 1-5
djksM+
cM+s DyLVj% ¼5001000 f'kYih½ ctV lhek :i, 3
djksM+
/kjksgj DyLVj% ¼10002500 f'kYih½ ctV lhek :i, 8
djksM+
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://coirboard.gov.in/
wp-
content/uploads/2015/
07/REVISED-SFURTI-
GUIDELINES-
30.06.2015.pdf
diM+k ea=ky;
lexz ikojywe
DyLVj fodkl
;kstuk
1½ daiuh ,DV ds varxZr iathÑr
,lihOgh ftlds fgr/kkjdksa esa
vxz.kh mRiknd] iznkrk] Øsrk o
f'kfYi;ksa ds laxBu@Lolsok lewg
'kkfey gksaA
2½ lh,eVh,% dksbZ futh ,tsalh
ftldh rduhdh] izca/ku] vkfFkZd
vkSj v/kkslajpuk ds {ks=ksa esa {kerk
iwoZfl) gksA
,sls DyLVjksa] ftuesa 5]000 ;k vf/kd fodsafnzr ikWojywe gksa] ds
fodkl ds fy, 1½ iwoZ@i'pkr ywe izlaLdj.k ds fy,
lh,Qlh ¼2½ odZ'ksM vkSj ewy v/kkslajpuk ds lkFk feuh
baMLVªh;y ikdZ ¼3½ vU; vko';drkvk/kkfjr uokpkj ¼4½
rduhdh dk mUu;u ¼5½ dkS'kYk fodklA
iz'kklfud O;;ksa] i;Zos{k.k o vkadyu vkSj O;kolkf;d
'kqYd lfgr :i, 50 djksM+ dh vf/kdre lhek
'kkldh; vuqnku@va'knku bl vis{kk ls fd;k tk,xk
fd m|ksx 60%40 ¼'kkldh;%futh½ ds vuqikr esa viuh
vksj ls fuos'k djasA
diM+k ea=ky;]
fuea=.k }kjk
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://ministryoftextiles
.gov.in/sites/default/file
s/11a_Modified_CPC
DS_0.pdf
Hkkjr ds
VsDlVkby ikdksZa
ds fy, ,dhÑr
;kstuk
daiuh ,DV ds rgr iathÑr
,lihOgh ftlesa LFkkuh; m|ksx]
foRrh; laLFkkvksa] jkT; o dsanz
ljdkj bR;kfn ds izfrfuf/k gksaA
lkoZtfud v/kkslajpuk] lh,Qlh] mRiknu ds mn~ns'; ls QSDVªh
dk fuekZ.k o orZeku IykaV o e'khujh dk mUu;uA
;kstuk ds varxZr vuqnku ;k va'knku ds :i esa Hkkjr
ljdkj dh lgk;rk] ifj;kstuk ykxr ds 40 izfr'kr
rd lhfer gksxh vkSj bldh vf/kdre lhek ikdksZa ds
fy, :i, 40 djksM+ gksxhA
ifj;kstuk izca/ku
lfefr] diM+k
ea=ky;
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka

63 | P a g e
dk;kZy;@laLFkku
iSuy esa 'kkfey izkstsDV eSustesaV
dalyVsaV ;kstuk dk;kZUo;u djsaxs
vkSj diM+k ea=ky; dks viuh
jiV nsaxsA ea=ky; ifj;kstuk ds
dk;kZUo;u dk lh/ks i;Zos{k.k
djsxkA
Hkkjr ljdkj dh lgk;rk lkekU;r% ,lihoh dks
vuqnku ds :i esa miyC/k djokbZ tk,xh tc rd fd
ih,lh }kjk ;g fu.kZ; u fd;k x;k gks fd og va'knku
ds :i esa gksxhA ijarq Hkkjr ljdkj@jkT;
ljdkj@jkT; vkS|ksfxd fodkl fuxe] vxj gks rks] dk
dqy va'knku 49 izfr'kr ls vf/kd ugha gksxkA
miyC/k gS%
http://ministryoftextiles
.gov.in/sites/default/file
s/sitp%20new%20park
%20guidelines.pdf
MhlhgLrf'kYi] diM+k ea=ky;
nLrdkj
l'kfDrdj.k
;kstuk
,uthvks] LFkkuh; oS/kkfud
laLFkk,a] 'khkZ lgdkjh lfefr;ka o
jkVªh; Lrj dh 'khkZ lfefr;ka
¼lfefr vf/kfu;e@U;kl
vf/kfu;e bR;kfn ds varxZr
iathÑr½ Ikk= gksaxhA
● f'kYidkjksa ds Lolgk;rk lewgksa ds xBu ds fy, leqnk;
dk l'kfDrdj.k
● Mhihvkj@Mh,lvkj rS;kj djuk ftlesa MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh]
DyLVj esa fd, tkus okys baVjosU’ku vkSj Mhihvkj esa of.kZr
dk;ZØe ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy, /ku dh vko';drk 'kkfey
gks
● mijksDr xfrfof/k;kas ¼DyLVj izca/kd dh ykxr lfgr½ ij
dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh dh ifj;kstuk izca/ku ykxr
● f'kYidkjksa ds Lolgk;rk lewgksa ds xBu ds fy,%
losZf{kr O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k ds vk/kkj ij :i, 300
izfr f'kYihA
● mRiknd daiuh@la?k ds xBu ds fy, vf/kdre
:i, 1 yk[k@vf/kdre 3 okZ dh vof/k ds fy,A
● Mhihvkj@Mh,lvkj rS;kj djuk% vf/kdre :i, 2
yk[k izfr okZ izfr ekWMjsVj 3 okZ dh vof/k ds fy,A
● ifj;kstuk izca/ku ykxr ftlesa DyLVj izca/kd dk
osru 'kkfey gS% :i, 5 yk[k izfrokZ 3 okZ dh vof/k
rdA
dk;kZy;] Mhlh
gLrf'kYi
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://handicrafts.nic.in
/pdf/Scheme.pdf#page
=7
MhlhgFkdj?kk] diM+k ea=ky;
lexz gFkdj?kk
DyLVj fodkl
;kstuk
DyLVj Lrj ij ,lihOgh ftlesa
eq[; fgr/kkjdksa dk izfrfuf/kRo
gksA
MkW;xuksfLVd LVMh o Mhihvkj rS;kj djuk% ;kstuk ds
fofHkUu ?kVdksa ds varxZr dh tkus okyh xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj
vko';drkvksa dh igpku gsrq rduhdh ,tsalh }kjk jiV rS;kj
djukA
dalksjf'k;e@,lihOgh dk xBu% cqudjksa dks tksM+uk
;g xfrfof/k DyLVj eSusteasaV o VsDuhdy ,tsalh
¼lh,eVh,½ }kjk vius mRrjnkf;Roksa ds Hkkx ds :i esa
dh tk,xh vkSj blfy, bldk [kpZ ml dqy ifj;kstuk
izca/ku ykxr esa 'kkfey gksxk ftldk Hkqxrku lh,eVh,
dks fd;k tk,xkA
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://handlooms.nic.in
/writereaddata/1202.p
df
LokLF; o ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky;

64 | P a g e
dk;kZy;@laLFkku
vk;qk DyLVjksa
ds fodkl dh
;kstuk
vk;qosZn] fl)] ;wukuh] gksfe;kisFkh]
;ksx o izkÑfrd fpfdRlk {ks= dh
bdkbZ;kaA
de ls de 15 m|eksa }kjk xfBr
,lihOgh vkosnu dj ldrs gSaA
ewy baVjosU’ku ijh{k.k lqfo/kk,a] izFke Lrj dh izlaLdj.k
lqfo/kk,a] fuekZ.k lqfo/kk,a] mRikn izn'kZu dsanz] xq.koRrk o
mRikndrk esa lq/kkj] dPps eky o rS;kj eky dk ekudhdj.k]
ekudksa dk fodkl] ubZ rduhdh o izfØ;kvksa dks viukuk]
bZvkjih o vU; vkbZVh VwYl dk mi;ksx o dkS'ky fodklA
vfrfjDr baVjosU’ku foi.ku@czkafMax ls lacfa/kr] mRiknu
bdkbZ;ksa ds fy, lkekU; v/kkslajpuk lgk;rk dk izko/kkuA
vuqnku dh vf/kdre lhek ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 60
izfr'kr gksxh] vf/kdre :i, 15 djksM+A 'ksk 40
izfr'kr dh O;oLFkk ,lihOgh dks va'knku] cSad@foRrh;
laLFkkvksa ls _.k o vU; L=ksrksa ls djuh gksxhA
lgk;rk dk mi;ksx dsoy HkkSfrd v/kkslajpuk] flfoy
fuekZ.k] Hkou fuekZ.k] IykaV] e'khuksa o midj.kksa ds fy,
fd;k tk,xkA
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://ayush.gov.in/site
s/default/files/7113825
026-
Cluster%20scheme%2
0without%20Track%2
0Change%20%2021.p
df
jlk;u o moZjd ea=ky;
IykfLVd ikdksZa
dh LFkkiuk gsrq
;kstuk
IykfLVd {ks=@mi {ks= ds
mi;ksxdrkZ m|eksa dk izfrfuf/kRo
djus okys ,lihoh ds lkFk jkT;
ljdkj ;k jkT; vkS|ksfxd
fodkl fuxe tSlh mldh dksbZ
,tsalh
IykfLVd ikdZ dh LFkkiuk ds fy, ,deq'r lgk;rk] ftlesa
'kkfey gS%
lkekU; lqfo/kk,a tSls fo'kskhdj.k] izksVksVkbi dk fodkl]
opqZvykbts'ku] uksufMLVªfDVo eVhfj;y VsfLVax] baD;wcs'ku]
izf'k{k.k] HkaMkj.k] IykfLVd iquuZohuhdj.k] Vwfyax] fMtk;fuax]
vuqla/kku o fodkl o lgk;d lsokvksa ¼dSVhau] gksLVy] wyk
?kj] foi.ku lsok,a vkfn½] v/kkslajpuk ¼lM+d] nwjlapkj ykbusa]
ty iznk;] ,¶yw,aV VªhVesaV IykaV½ bR;kfnA
ifj;kstuk ykxr ds vf/kdre 50 izfr'kr rd dk
vuqnku fn;k tk,xk ftldh lhek :i, 40 djksM+ izfr
ifj;kstuk gksxhA ,lihOkh dks 'ksk va'knku jkT;
ljdkj] jkT; vkS|ksfxd fodkl fuxe ;k jkT; ljdkj
dh blh rjg dh vU; ,tsafl;ksa] fgrxzkgh m|ksxksa o
foRrh; laLFkkvksa ls _.k }kjk tqVkuk gksxkA
jlk;u o
isVªsdsfedy foHkkx
¼tc Hkh izLrko
vkeaf=r fd, tk,a½
[kk| izlaLdj.k ea=ky;
[kk| izlaLdj.k
ikdZ
,lihoh tks daiuht+ ,DV ds
rgr iathÑr dkiksZjsV laLFkk
gksxh ijarq ifj;kstuk ykxw djus
okyh jkT; ljdkj@jkT;
ljdkj dh laLFkkvksa@lgdkjh
laLFkkvksa ds fy, daiuht+ ,DV
ds rgr ,d vyx ,lihoh dk
iathdj.k djokuk vko';d ugha
gksxkA
ewy v/kkslajpuk tSls%
¼1½ laxzg.k dsanz ¼lhlh½ o izkFkfed izlaLdj.k dsanz ¼ihihlh½
ftuesa xzsfMax] lkWfVZax] MªkbZ os;jgkmflax] izhdwfyax o
eksckbZy laxzg.k lqfo/kk,a 'kkfey gSaA
¼2½ dsanzh; izlaLdj.k dsanz ¼lhihlh½ tSls ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,a]
iSdsftax] LVhe LVsfjykbts'ku bdkbZ;ka] QwM baD;wcs'ku de
MsoyiesaV lsaVj] dksYM LVksjst Ja`[kyk bR;kfnA
¼3½ ukWudksj v/kkslajpuk
lkekU; bykdksa ds fy, ik= ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 50
izfr'kr vkSj dfBu@igkM+h@vkbZVhMhih vf/klwfpr {ks=ksa
esa 75 izfr'kr :i, 50 djksM+ rd ftlesa Hkwfe dk ewY;]
izhvksijsfVo O;; vkSj dk;Z'khy iwath ds fy, ekftZu
euh 'kkfey ugha gSA 30 ls 35 [kk| izlaLdj.k bdkbZ;ksa
dh LFkkiuk ds fy, lhihlh gsrq de ls de 50 ,dM+
vkSj ihihlh vkSj lhihlh ds fy, vfrfjDr Hkwfe dh
vko';drk gksxhA QSfDVª;ksa ds Hkou dk {ks=Qy lhihlh
ds {ks=Qy dk vf/kdre 10 izfr'kr gks ldrk gSA
vuqnku esa ls ewy v/kkslajpuk ds fy, vf/kdre :i,
10 djksM+ vkSj ukWudksj v/kkslajpuk ds fy, ifj;kstuk
ykxr dk vf/kdre 10 izfr'kr [kpZ fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://mofpi.nic.in/H_D
wld.aspx?KYEwmOL+
HGpVvrjs+CYNMLqh
QLFBZcdgAOpUMbFc
zjLV66KWSasRDw==
okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=ky;] vkS|ksfxd uhfr o lao/kZu foHkkx

65 | P a g e
dk;kZy;@laLFkku
vkS|ksfxd
v/kkslajpuk
mUu;u ;kstuk
¼vkbZvkbZ;w,l½
jkT; dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh@jkT;
v/kkslajpuk fodkl fuxe
vkS|kfxd {ks=ksa@ikdksZa esa v/kkslajpuk dk mUu;u
1½ rduhdh {ks= tSls lh,Qlh] vuqla/kku o fodkl@mRikn
fodkl] lhbZVhih] izf'k{k.k dsanz] xq.koRrk izek.khdj.k]
csapekfdZaxA
2½ lkekftd v/kkslajpuk tSls gksLVy o Jfedksa ds fy,
MkfeZVjhA
3½ HkkSfrd v/kkslajpuk tSls lM+dsa] ikuh] dsfIVo ikWoj] Bksl
vif'kV izca/ku@fuLrkj bR;kfnA
dsUnz ljdkj :i, 5 djksM+ dh lhek rd izR;sd
ifj;kstuk ykxr esa 50 izfr'kr rd dk va'knku nsxhA
'ksk va'knku ,lvkbZ,@fgrxzkgh m|ksxksa vkSj foRrh;
laLFkkvksa ls _.k }kjk tqVk;k tk,xkA ,lvkbZ, dk
U;wure va'knku] ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 25 izfr'kr
gksxkA mu ifj;kstukvksa dks izkFkfedrk nh tk,xh
ftuesa fgrxzkgh m|ksxksa dk va'knku de ls de 10
izfr'kr gksA
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://dipp.nic.in/Englis
h/Schemes/IIUS/IIUS_
modified_01August20
13.pdf
esxk ySnj
DyLVj
¼,e,llh½
;kstuk
,lihoh ftldk xBu ySnj
m|ksx ewY; J`a[kyk ls tqM+h
daiuht+ ,DV 1956 ds rgr
iathÑr futh daifu;ksa ;k
lfefr vf/kfu;e ds rgr
iathÑr m|ksx laxBuksa }kjk
fd;k x;k gksA
1½ ewy v/kkslajpuk% lM+d] fctyh] LVªhV ykbZV] Bksl
vif'kV fuLrkj bR;kfnA
2½ lkekftd v/kkslajpuk% lh,Qlh tSls HkaMkjx`g]
O;kikj@izn'kZu@dUosa'ku dsanz] vkj,ech] gksLVy bR;kfnA
3½ mRiknu v/kkslajpuk tSls odZ'ksM
4½ ekuo lalk/ku fodkl@lkekftd v/kkslajpuk% izf'k{k.k
dsanz] iqLrdky;] wyk?kj] foJked{k bR;kfnA
5½ vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl v/kkslajpuk% mRiknu fMtkbu o
fodkl dsanz] ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk] xq.koRrk csapekdZ dsanz] inkFkZ
vuqla/kku bR;kfnA
6½ fu;kZr lsokvksa ls tqM+h v/kkslajpuk,a% fDy;fjax ,tsaV~l]
dLVe@lsaVªy ,DlkbZt@lsok dj dk;kZy;] o Mhth,QVh
fy;ktu dk;kZy;A
Hkkjr ljdkj dh lgk;rk ,e,ylh ds varxZr dqy
Hkwfe ds {ks=Qy ds vk/kkj ij ifj;kstuk ykxr dh 50
izfr'kr rd gks ldrh gSA
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://dipp.nic.in/Englis
h/Schemes/ILDP/MLC
_15January2014.pdf
jlk;u o moZjd ea=ky;] vkSkf/k foHkkx
QkekZ {ks= ds
fy, DyLVj
fodkl dk;ZØe
,lihoh ftlds de ls 10 m|e
lnL; gksaA
;kstuk ds varxZr lgk;rk fuEu dk;ksZa ds fy, miyC/k gksxh%
1½ Mhihvkj dk fodkl ftlesa DyLVj vkSj izLrkfor
ifj;kstuk dk foLr`r fooj.k gksA
2½ lkoZtfud lqfo/kkvksa dk fuekZ.k tSls ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,a]
izf'k{k.k dsanz] vuqla/kku o fodkl dsanz] bZVhih] yksftfLVd
lsaVj bR;kfnA
1½ Mhihvkj rS;kj djus dh 50 izfr'kr ykxr
¼vf/kdre :i, 5 yk[k½ ftldk 50 izfr'kr Mhihvkj
ds Lohdkj dj fy, tkus ds ckn tkjh fd;k tk,xkA
2½ ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 70 izfr'kr ;k :i, 20 djksM+
tks Hkh de gksA dfBu vkSj fiNM+s {ks=ksa esa Hkkjr ljdkj
dk vuqnku 90 izfr'kr gksxkA vxj fgr/kkjdksa }kjk
Hkwfe vkSj Hkou miyC/k djok, tkrs gSa rc mudh
ykxr ifj;kstuk esa muds va'knku ds :i esa Lohdk;Z
gksxhA
foLr`r tkudkjh ;gka
miyC/k gS%
http://pharmaceuticals.
gov.in/sites/default/file
s/cluster.pdf

66 | P a g e
;g rkfydk crkrh gS fd gekjs ikl ,e,l,ebZ lsDVj dh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, dbZ ;kstuk,a o dk;ZØe miyC/k gSaA dbZ ;kstuk,a lHkh lsDVjksa ds fy, gSa
rks vU; fof'kV lsDVjksa ds fy,A ijarq bu ;kstukvksa dk ykHk jkT; ds DyLVjksa }kjk ugha mBk;k tk jgk gSA blfy, ,d ,sls lefiZr izdksB dh vko';drk gS tks
Lora= :i ls ,e,l,ebZ lsDVj dsk DyLVj fodkl n`fVdks.k viukus esa lgk;rk dj ldsaA

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