Richard Dyer's star theory states that pop stars are constructed images manufactured by the music industry for financial gain. A case study of Justin Bieber supports this theory. Bieber's unique hairstyle helped him appeal to young female audiences. His manager effectively promoted his brand through high-profile relationships and press appearances. While pop stars begin as real people, the industry transforms them into constructs that represent cultural values and ideologies to fans.

1. Star image
By Luca Riccio

2. Richard dyer
• Richard dyer’s theory is the idea that icons and celebs
are constructed by institutions for financial gain and are
built to target a specific audience or a group of people.
• He also came up with a idea to find out if someone is a
pop star.
• The pop star I am going to apply Richard dyers theory to
is Justin bieber.
• Richard Dyer's star theory states that "a star is someone
who's interest in their personal life
outweighs the interest in their profession'.

3. 1.How do you become a pop star?
• Clever management – The role of management in Justin biebers
has been very important and without his manager Scooter Braun then
Justin Bieber would not be the person he has today as he was the one or
organized a meeting with superstar Usher and later usher signed him on
his record label. He has also gone out with a famous girl selena Gomez
who is also an actress/singer which helps increase their status of Justin
bieber. He has also been in the press for many reasons such as arguing
with a photographer. He also attends big events such as the
Grammys, American music awards etc, and won artist of the year in 2010
and 2012 and many other awards in his career. He has also featured in
magaizines which can help create awareness and this will attract
audiences such as young teenage girls.

4. 2. Stars as constructions
• Stars are constructed as artificial images even if they are being
represented as real people for example experiencing emotions.
• It also helps if there image contains a USP (unique selling point)- they can
be copied or parodied.
• For example with Justin bieber it would be his hair which is his unique
selling point because people copy his hair style and when people see
Justin bieber his hair stands out.

5. 3.Industry and audience
• Dyer believed that stars are manufactured by the music industry to serve
one purpose- to make money out of audiences. Justin beiber is a good
example of a pop star that has made lot’s of money out of audiences such
as selling out concerts etc.
• He also believed that pop stars, whatever their nature are quite clearly the
product of their record company therefore they must be sold.

6. 4. Ideology and culture
• Stars represent shared cultural values and attitudes, and promote a certain ideology.
• Audience interest in these values enhances their star quality and it is though
conveying beliefs, ideas and opinions outside their music that performers help create
their star persona.
• A star may begin a fashion trend with fans copying them, for example justin biebers
trend was his hairstyle. Stars benefit also benefit from social networks sites such as
twitter which allows them to give an ongoing critical commentary about them. Social
network sites like twitter give pop stars such as Justin bieber the opportunity to
establish their own values outside of music. Justin bieber uses twitter and has over
40 million followers on twitter which shows how popular is and when he tweets he
expects bieber fans to communicate with him as much as they listen to his music.
• Stars also provide us with a focal point for our own cultural thinking- such as youth
and sexuality. Justin bieber has a lot of fans that are young female teenagers
creaming his name all around the world and Justin is also a teenager.

7. 5.Character and personality
• A star begins as a ‘real’ human, possessing gender and race
characteristics, and existing against socio-historic background.
• The star transformation process turns them into a construct, but the
construct has a foundation in the real.
• Justin beiber is a typical teenager who has his moments of madness such
as getting caught with drugs, having rows with reporters etc. however he is
also very considerate and unselfish as he has done a lot good stuff such as
giving money to charity and helping countries in need such as Japan with
the earthquake.