This is project based on stabilized of black cotton soil

1. BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
K R Road, V V Puram, Bangalore 560 004
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRESENTED BY:
SHASHIKUMAR S P
RAHUL
CHANNAKESHAVA H S
AKASH D P
UNDER THE GUIDANCE
Mr. DILIP N
Assistant professor
Dept of civil Engineering
STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL USING
POLYPROPYLENE FIBRES

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 SCOPE OF THE PRESENT STUDY
 OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT STUDY
 MATERIALS
 METHODOLOGY OF STUDY
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 Black cotton soils are expansive clays with potential for shrinking or
swelling under changing moisture condition. These soils cause more
damage to structures, particularly light buildings and pavements, than
any other natural hazard, including earthquakes and floods. They are
produced from the breakdown of basic igneous rocks where seasonal
variation of weather is extreme.
 The lack of good quality granular materials needed for the construction
of dams, embankments, roads or foundations can be eliminated by
increasing the load bearing capacity of soil by adopting various
techniques like soil stabilization, provision of reinforcement etc.

4.  The process of improving engineering properties of the soil and thus making
it more stable is called soil stabilization.
 Soil stabilization is one of great importance in road construction. Soil
stabilization implies an increase in the shear strength of the soil for the given
requirements of a project, as well as meeting those requirements under
specific weather and traffic conditions.

5. RESEARCHER TOPIC CONCLUSIONS
A.S. Soğancı [2015] "The Effect of
Polypropylene Fiber in
the Stabilization of
Expansive Soils".
• The optimum moisture content does not
show any significant change by addition of
polypropylene fiber whereas maximum dry
density reduces as fiber content increases
in compaction tests.
• The inclusion of fiber within unreinforced
and reinforced soil caused an increase in
the unconfined compressive strength of
expansive soil.
• Swell percent was reduced as the fiber
increased.
• It is clearly indicated that the stabilization
technique with fiber is a very useful
method for ground improvement.
LITERATURE REVIEW

6. RESEARCHER TOPIC CONCLUSIONS
Sayida M.K(2009) ”BEHAVIOUR OF
BLACK COTTON SOIL
REINFORCED WITH
SISAL FIBER”
• In the case of sisal fiber reinforced soil,
the maximum dry density and the OMC
decreases.
• Improvement in the CBR value and
unconfined compressive strength of soil
due to the addition of sisal fiber.
• The optimum CBR value and UCS value
is obtained for 2.5cm length of fiber with
0.50% fiber content.(The fibers are cut to
different lengths 1.5cm,
2cm,2.5cm,and 3cm and mixed randomly
with soil in varying % of sisal fibers
0.25%,0.5%,0.75%,1%,)

7. RESEARCHER TOPIC CONCLUSIONS
T.L. Ramadas,
et.al
“EFFECTS OF LIME
AND FLYASH ON BC
SOIL”
• 2%,4%,6%and 8% and10%,15%,20
%,25% and 30% of lime and fly ash
were used along with the soil
samples.
• Addition of lime and fly ash shown
good decrement in plasticity index of
soils.
• Addition of lime of 4% as shown
good improvement in strength and it
is about 40% to 60%
• The swell pressure of lime treated
expansive soils has reduced about
four time at about 10% addition of
lime

8. • Specimens to be prepared by varying fibre content and tested for
unconfined compression test.
• The OFC is determined by comparing values obtained in
unconfined compression test.
SCOPE OF THE PRESENT STUDY

9. • To determine soil index properties for the classification of soil.
• To determine the maximum dry density (MDD) and the
corresponding optimum moisture content (OMC) of the black
cotton soil by Proctor compaction test.
• To determine optimum fibre content (OFC)
• To determine shear strength by UCS for samples of varying
percentage of polypropylene fibres.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT STUDY

10. MATERIALS
Soil
 Black Cotton soil
Stabilizing agents
 Polypropylene fibres
Black Cotton Soil
Polypropylene Fibre

11. BLACK COTTON SOIL
 Black cotton soil was collected from Raichur District, in Karnataka state.
 The soil has Black to dark gray color.
 These soil were collected by open excavation from the natural ground
surface.
POLYPROPYLENE
Polypropylene (PP) also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer
used in a wide variety of applications including packing, it is widely use in
ready mix concrete and it is easily available. In synthetic fiber polypropylene
is the world’s second widely product after polyethylene. Chemically,
polypropylene is denoted as (C3H6).

12. Benefits of Polypropylene Fibers
• Polypropylene (PP) is a lightweight fiber.
• It does not absorb water. It presents that it has good resistance towards water
absorb.
• Polypropylene has excellent chemical resistance. PP fibers are very resistant
to most acids and alkalis.
• The thermal conductivity of this fiber is lower than that of other fibers.

13. METHODOLOGY OF STUDY
 Following laboratory tests have been carried out.
1. Specific Gravity Test
2. Grain Size Analysis
3. Atterberg’s Limit
4. Compaction characteristics
5. Unconfined Compressive Strength Test.

14. GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF B.C. SOIL
Properties BC soil
Specific Gravity 2.54
Liquid limit (%) 49.4
Plastic limit (%) 24.02
Plasticity index (%) 25.03
Dry density (g/cc) 1.62
Optimum Moisture content (%) 20
Gravel(%) 0
Sand (%) 76
Silt (%) &Clay (%) 24
Unified soil Classification CL

15. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Particle
finer
by
weight
Diameter (mm)
Grain Size Distribution curve
GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

16. 1.51
1.57
1.61 1.61
1.51
1.45
1.89
1.81
1.71
1.65
1.57
1.54
1.40
1.42
1.44
1.46
1.48
1.50
1.52
1.54
1.56
1.58
1.60
1.62
1.64
1.66
1.68
1.70
1.72
1.74
1.76
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.84
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.92
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Dry
density
Yd
in
gm/cc
water content in %
STANDARD PROCTOR COMPACTION CURVE

17. INDEX AND STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF
POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE

18. REINFORCEMENT (%) UCS (Kg/cm2)
0 0.222
0.25 0.275
0.50 0.309
0.75 0.349
1 0.267
Results for UCS test of black cotton soil treated with 6mm fiber

19. RESULTS FOR UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST
(i) For 6 mm fiber reinforcement
(a) 0% reinforcement
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Compressive
stress
Kg/cm2
Axial strain
Soil ( 0% Reinforcement)
UCS =0 .222 kg/cm2

20. (B) 0.25% Reinforcement
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Axial
Stress
Kg/cm2
Axial strain
Soil + 0.25% Reinforcement
UCS = 0.275 Kg/cm2

21. (C) 0.50% Reinforcement
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Axial
Stress
Kg/cm2
Axial strain
Soil + 0.50% Reinforcement
UCS = 0.309 Kg/cm2

22. (D) 0.75% Reinforcement
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Axial
Stress
Kg/cm2
Axial strain
Soil + 0.75% Reinforcement
UCS = 0.349 Kg/cm2

23. (E) 1% Reinforcement
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Compressive
stress
kg/cm2
Axial strain
Soil + 1% Reinforcement
UCS = 0.267 Kg/cm2

24. 0.222
0.275
0.309
0.349
0.267
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
UCS
Kg/cm2
Fibre Reinforcement
INCREMENT IN STRENGTH FOR 6mm FIBRE REINFORCEMENT
+12.94%
-23.49%

25. REINFORCEMENT (%) UCS (Kg/cm2)
0 0.222
0.25 0.376
0.50 0.44
0.75 0.563
1 0.454
Results for UCS test of black cotton soil treated with 12mm fiber

26. RESULTS FOR UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST
(ii) For 12mm fiber reinforcement
(A) 0.25% Reinforcement
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Axial
stress
kg/cm2
Axial strain
Soil + .25% Fibre reinforcement
UCS = 0.376 kg/cm2

27. (B) 0.50% REINFORCEMENT
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
Axial
stress
Kg/cm2
Axial Strain
Soil + 0.50% Reinforcement
UCS = 0.44 Kg/cm2

28. (C) 0.75% REINFORCEMENT
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Axial
Stress
Kg/cm2
Axial Strain
Soil + 0.75% Reinforcement
UCS = 0.563 Kg/cm2

29. (D) 1% REINFORCEMENT
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Compressive
stress
Kg/cm2
Axial strain
Soil + 1% Reinforcement
UCS = 0.454 Kg/cm2

30. 0.222
0.376
0.44
0.563 0.454
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
UCS
Kg/cm2
% of Fibre Reinforcement
INCREMENT IN STRENGTH FOR 12 MM REINFORCEMENT
+69.37%
+17.02%
-19.36%
+27.95%
Optimum value at 0.75% for both 6mm as well as 12mm fibres

31. COMPARISON OF STRENGTH FOR DIFFERENT SIZE OF FIBRES
0.222
0.275
0.309
0.349
0.267
0.222
0.376
0.44
0.563
0.454
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
UCS
Kg/cm2
% of Fibre Reinforcement
+69.37%
+17.02%
-19.36%
+27.95%
12mm fibre
6mm fibre
+23.87%
+12.36%
+12.94%
-23.495%

32. CONCLUSION
 We found the value of liquid limit and plastic limit is very high and high content
of water, so we cannot use black cotton soil directly for the construction or
highway pavement purpose.
 In standard proctor test of soil, we found that there is high value of optimum
moisture content (20%) and as well as low dry density of soil (1.62 gm/cc) and
more air voids in the soil. So, soil lose their strength.
 Shear strength of expansive soil increases with increase in percentage of fibre
content up to certain value and decreases with further increase in fibre content.
 Strength of sample tested with 6mm fibre reinforcement increased by 12.94%
when fibre content was increased from 0.5% to 0.75%, whereas increasing in
fibre content to 1% decreased the strength by 23.49%.

33.  Strength of sample tested with 12mm fibre reinforcement increased by 27.95% when
fibre content was increased from 0.5% to 0.75%, whereas increase in fibre content to
1% decreased the strength by 19.36%
 As a result of this investigation, it is clearly indicated that the stabilization technique
with polypropylene fiber is a very useful method for ground improvement.

34. REFERENCES
1. Punmia B.C. 2007, “Soil Mechanics & Foundations” Laxmi Publications.
2. S. Soğancı, "The Effect of Polypropylene Fiber in the Stabilization of Expansive
Soils" International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and
Geophysical Engineering, Nov 2015.
3. Kavish S. Mehta, Rutvij J. Sonecha, Parth D. Daxini, Parth B. Ratanpara, Miss
Kapilani S. Gaikwad, "Analysis of Engineering Properties of Black Cotton Soil &
Stabilization Using By Lime." International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications, May 2014.
4. Udayashankar D.Hakari, S.C.Puranik, ," Stabilization of Black Cotton Soils Using
Fly Ash, Hubballi Dharwad Municipal Corporation Area, Karnataka, India" , Global
Journal of researches in engineering Civil And Structural engineering February 2012.