cifxm;vifrrsm;yg/
         aygifwefudkxrf;wifxm;aogaMumifU cifxm;i,f zifom;BuD;ESpfckonf
ajymUajymU tdtd yHkUyHkU BuD;jzpfaeonf/ rif;aZmfonf cifxm;i,fzifom;BuD;ESpfjcrf;udk
vuf0g; wpfck pDjzifU tkyfum cyfwif; wif;udkifvdkufonf/
         xdkodkUudkif&mwGif vufacsmif;rsm;udk zifom;ESpfcktv,f½Sd tuGJaMumif;udk
ususee udkifrdap&ef jyKonf/ zifudk cyfwif;wif;qkyfudkifvdkufaomtcg
ziftuGJaMumif;udk qGJjzJ ovdk jzpfoGm;onf/ vufnd§; ESpfacsmif;u
ptdkESifUvufESpfvHk;omomcefU a0;aom ae&mwGif½Sdonf/ rif;aZmfu xdkvufnd§;rsm;wGif
zdtm;udk ydkxnfhay;vdkufjcif;jzifU ptdk0av;udkrjyJwjyJ qGJjzJ aeonfh oabmrdsK;jzpfonf/
         xdkUaemufvD;udk tomqGJxkwfvdkuf jyefoGif;vdkuf an§mifUvdk;av; vdk;ay;vdkuf
onf . ..vD;BuD;u wdk;0ifvkduf jyefxGufvkduf jzpfonfESifUtrQ tzkwfxJrSapmufa&rSm
tjyifodkU vQH xGufcg zifacgif;wavQmuf atmufodkU pD;usonf/ pD;usvmaom
apmufa&MunfwdkUonf ptdk0av;udk jzwfíoGm;&m ptkd0av;rSm at;ueJ aEG;ueJjzifU
,m;usdusdjzpfvmonf/
         cifxm;i,f zifaygufrSm t½dkif;r[kwf..ziftydsKr[kwf..y,fy,fe,fe,f
tvdk;cH xm;&aom zifaygufjzpfonf/ onfvdkpdkpdk pGwfpGwfjzpfvmaomtcg
,m;ovdkvdkESifU r½dfk;r½G jzpfvmonf/ zifcHjcifaom pdwfrsm;wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:vmonf/
þtcdsefrSmyif rif;aZmfonf apmufa&Munfrsm;pD;um pkdpdkpGwfpGwf jzpfaeaom
cifxm;i,f zifaygufxJodkU olnmvuf cv,fudk qwfueJoGif;vdkufonf/
         ]] pGwf..}} ]] tdk;..rmrD..}}
         rif;aZmfuvnf; apmufzkwfxJudk vD;oGif;&mwGif n§ifomoavmuf?
zifacgif;aygufxJ                vufxdk;         oGif;&mwGifawmU       tawmfMurf;onf/
vufcv,fwpfacsmif;vHk;udk                       wpfcsufxnf;ESifU            tqHk;0ifatmif
wtm;xdk;oGif;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
         vD;acsmif;BuD;rsm; wtm;xdk;oGif;um vdk;wmudkyifcHzl;NyD;aom zifacgif;ayguf
jzpfonfhtwGuf               vufcv,fudkawmU            ta&;rvkkyfyg?    xdk;xJUvdkuf&mwGif
avQmueJ0ifoGm;onf/ odkUaomf rif;aZmfu vufcv,fudk onftwdkif;
tajzmifUxdk;oGif;jcif;r[kwfbJ..               cyfaumuf          aumufav;           jyKum
xdk;oGif;vkdufonfhtwGuf                txdtawGUuawmU          wrllxl;onf/       qef;onf
..aumif;wmvJaumif;onf/
         zifvdk;wmudkcHzl;aom cifxm;i,frSm ( olronf zifvdk;wmudk cHbl;,Hkomru
zifayguf apgufzkwf yg;pyfaygufwdkUwGif vD;oHk;acsmif;wpfNydKifxJ xdk;oGif;vkd;wmudk
cHbl;onf/) zifacgif;aygufxJodkU vufacsmif; xdk;oGif;wm cH&,HkrQESifU
&ifxJzdkarmvIdKufoGm;&onf/               rif;aZmfonf      umrrIüwpfu,fuRrf;usifoljzpf
aMumif;udk cifxm;i,f0efcHygonf/
                                           1
rif;aZmfonf           cifxm;i,fudk             pwifíaqmifUvdk;ygavawmUonf/
xdkodkUvdk;&mwGif apgufzkwfxJ½Sd vD;ESifU zifacgif;aygufxJ xdk;oGif;xm;aom
vufcv,fwdkUuddk tcsdefudkufvIyf½Sm;ay;onf/ apmufzkwfudk vD;jzifUvdk;um zifaygufudk
vufcv,fjzifU vdk;jcif; jzpfonf/
         onfvdk vD;ESifUvufcv,f NydKifwlvdkvdk vdk;jcif;onf cifxm;i,fudk tjywf
cdkufoGm; aponf/ cifxm;i,f wpfudk,fvHk; vl;vl; vGefUvGefU jzpfaeavawmUonf/
         rif;aZmfonf           wpfcsifjcif;rSefrSefaqmifUonf     xdkaqmifUcsufwkdif;wGif
tm;tjynfhygvsuf vD;t0if eufum xdrdvayaomaMumifU wpfcsufqdk qdkoavmuf
                                                   S
cifxm;i,fwpfa,muf aumUysHoGm;avonf? ptdkaygufxJodkU vnf; vufcv,fudk
tqHk;oGif;vdkuf uRwfvkvk qGJxkwfvdkuf tm;jzifU qyfueJjyef aqmifUxdk;vdkuf
vkyfay;onf/
         ]] bGwf..cspf ..bGwf..tifU ]]
         ]] bGwf..bGwf..pGyf..Aspf.>ywf }}
         ]] tm; ..atmifr,fav; aumif;vdkufwm½Sif }}
         cifxm;i,f &rufjyif;vmonf olronf &rufpdwfjyif;xefNyDd; ESmxvmvsif
&ifom;tpHkudk cyfwif;wif; qGJum cyfjyif;jyif;aqmifUvdk;wmudk t&rf;cHcsifonf/ ,ck
rif;aZmf                  vufwpfzufu                olr     zifukd      vdk;aqmfaeNyD;
usefvufwpfzufuawmUab;em;udkaxmufum tm;jyKxm;&ay&m EdkUudkqGJ&ef
vuftydkfr½SdbJjzpfaeonf/ EdkUtHkESpfckudk pHkudkifumqGJEdkif&ef zifaygufudkvdk;aeonfh
vufcv,fudkvTwf& ayrnf/ xdkodkUvufcv,fjzifU zifacgif;aygufxJ xdk;um
vdk;ay;aeonfuvnf; cHvdkUaumif;vSay&m xdkt&omudkvnf; rysufapvdk..?
axmufum tm;jyKxm;aom vufwpfzufjzifU &ifom;ESpfvHk;udk wpfvSnfhpD qkyfe,f
ay;cdkif; vsif aumif;rnfvm;[k pOf;pm;rdao;onf/ odkU&mwGif þodkUvkyfygu
tm;jyKaxmuf xm;rIysufum aqmifUcsuftm;avsmUNyD; vD;t0if odwfreuf½Idif;
rxda&mufawmUbJ t&om ysufoGm;rSm udk cifxm;i,f&dyfpm;rdao;onf/
         xdkUaMumifU cifxm;i,fonf rdrdEdkUtHkBuD;ESpfckudk rdrdvufrsm;jzifU
jyefíwtm;qkyfe,fum w[if; [if;jzifU zDvifawG tjywfwufaeonf/
rsufvHk;yifaumif;pGm rzGifUEdkifawmUay../ 'gudkjrif&awmU rif;aZmfrSmvnf; wrdsK;wpfzHk
pdwfydkívIyf½Sm;vmonf/ xdkUaMumifU aqmifUcsufrsm;udk jrefay;vdkufonf/
wpfcsifjcif;rSefrSefaqmifUvdk;raeawmU ? qufwkduf pufaoewfypfonfhe,f
w&Murf;aqmifUvdk;onf/ vufcv,fudkvnf; zifayguf xJodkU jrefqefpGmxdk;oGif;
jyefxkwf cyfMurf;Murf;vkyfonf/
         vD;ESifUvufacsmif;xdk;oGif;vdkufwkdif;onf? vdk;aeolrif;aZmfESifU tvdk;cHaeol
cifxm;i,fwdkU ESpfa,mufvHk; aoG;om;rsm; qla0vmonf/ rif;aZmfu vD;ESifU
vufcv,f wdkUudk tm;tiftjynfhjzifU xdk;aqmifUzdoGif;vdkufavwdkif; cifxm;i,fonf
                                           2
apgufzkwfESifY zifacgif;xJodkU0ifvmonfh vD;wefESifU vufacsmif;wdkUudk qD;íqD;í n§yfay;
n§pfay; pkyf,l ay;aeonf/ apgufzkwftwGif;om;eSifU zifacgif; <uufom;rsm;udk
aumif;aumif;BuD; tvkyf ay; aeonf/
          rif;aZmfu ydkíjyif;jyif;aqmifUvdk;onf/ ydfkíMurf;Murf; vdk;onfan§mifUonf..
cifxm;i,fuvnf; rif;aZmf vdk;csufaqmifUcsufrsm;ESifUtNydKif zifqHkBuD;udk aumUum
yifUum                     cg;uav;EGJUum                ,rf;umESifU    tjywfudkcH,lonf
atmufay;aumif;aumif;ay;nf apgufa&awGuvnf; pdk½TJaeNyDrdkU toHrsm;u wbGwf
bGwfjrnfaeonf/ cifxm;i,frSmvnf; NyD;vkkvkjzpfvmNyDrdkU wpfudk,fvHk;
aoG;aMumawG qlyGufíaeonf &ifvnf;w'def;'def; ckefvsuf½Sdonf/
          cifxm;i,fonf aumif;vGef;vSonfjzpf&m yg;pyfrS ]] tm;..tm;.. [ifU
..jrefjrefeJU Murf;Murf; aqmifUvdk;ay;yg udkaZmf&,f..aumif;vGef;vdkUyg..aqmifUyg.
...tm;..NyD;awmU                  r,f.             .NyD;awmUr,f..        aqmifYyg..vdk;yg
vdk;yg..tm;..tm;..aqmifUaqmifU ...tm;..}}
          cifxm;i,fu                 tmomief;ief;yifawmif;qdkonf           ajymqdkyHkonf
tirf;r&jzpfaomfvnf; &rufaZm [keftvGeftrif;xufoefaeonfrdkU pum;oHuawmU
wkefwkefcdkufcdkufjzpfaeonf/              rif;aZmfrSmvnf;             va&uyef;cgeD;NyDrdkU
t&rf;udkaqmifUvdk;aeonf/ ol&Jr&JpD;onfhES,f cifxm;i,fapgufzkwfudk rD;yGifUrwwf
Murf;wrf;pGm aqmifUvdk;aeonf/ rif;aZmf udk,fwdkif vnf; rdrdenf;wl umrt&omudk
cHpm;ae&aMumif;            cifxm;i,fu               od½Sdaeavonf/      onfvdkomqdkygu
rdrdwdkUESpfa,mufNydKifwlNyD;awmUrnfjzpfaMumif;cifxm; i,fu &dyfrdum 0rf;om
auseyfvsuf½Sdonf/
          cifxm;i,ftzdkU umrpyf½Sufjcif;onf ( apgufzkwf ? zif? yg;pyff? EdkUtHkMum; )
bmrQrqef;yg odkUaomf ,ckuJUodkU umrpdwf t&rf;udkwuf<uum tirf;r&jzpfaewmrdsK;?
t&omxl;uJum                  Zdrf½Sdwm      rsddK;        rMuHKbl;yg/         ,ckvnf;
umrr&omtxGwftxdyfudka&mufum NyD;awmUrnfrdkU cifxm;i,f wpfudk,fvHk;
½Sd<uufom;rsm; taMumtcsifrsm;onf tjywfwif;<uvmonf &ifcHkoHuvnf;
jrefvdkufwmrajymygESifU awmU apgufzkwfxJrSvnf; wqwfqwfwkefwufaeonf/
          ]]     tm.tm;..[m;..           tD;...xGufukefNyD.udkaZmfa&..aumif;vdkufwm½Sif
atmifr,fav;. aumif;vdkufwm..}} cifxm;i,fu yg;pyfrS a&½Gwfjrnfwrf;&if;
xGefUxGefU          vl;vsuf          aumUysHaeonf/             olr    apmufzkwfwGif;rS
pD;xGufvmaomapgufzkwfta&rsm;uvnf;                           rif;aZmf      vD;wefBuD;udk
ylaEG;oGm;aponf/ apgufzkwf twGif;om;rsm;udkvnf; plyG plyGvkyfay;vdkufjcif;jzifU
vD;wefBuD;udkjzpfn§pfaeovdk zifacgif; onfvnf; wm0efauspGm ½IHUvdkufyGvdkufjzifU
vufcv,fudk pkyf,lvsuf½Sdonf/

                                            3
rif;aZmfudkf,fwdkifuvnf; t&rf;udk pdwfxaeonfhtjyif                  cifxm;
apmufzkwfn§pftm; rSmvnf; aumif;vSonfjzpf&m b,fvdkrSxdrf;rxm;EdkifawmUbJ
va&awG udk cifxm;i,f apgufzkwftwGif;odkU tm;ukef yef;xnfhvdkufawmUonf/
         ]] udkaZmfYva&awG yef;vdkufNyD..xm;a&U..a&mU..tm;..tm;..}} rif;aZmfu
tHBudwfumajym &if;wqyfqyfwkefwufaeavonf/ vHk;uspfaom zifom;ESpfckuvnf;
wGefUcgaeonf acgif;vnf;aygUoGm;/ olUvD;xdyfrS va&rsm;onf jypfueJ..jypfueJ..
cyfjyif;jyif;udk yef;xGufoGm;onf/ yef;xGuftm;u tawmUudkjyif;xefonf
apgufacgif; euf½Idif;vSonfh twGif;ydkif;½Sd tom;EkEkav;rsm;wdkifatmifyif okwfa&wdkU
wdk;0ifa&muf½Sd oGm;onf/
         xdkae&mrsm;txd rnfonfha,mufsm;om; va&rQa&mufjcif;r½Sdao;;yg/
cifxm;i,f  aoG;om;rsm;tzdkU xl;uJavaom t&mom tawGUtMuHKopfwpf&yf
yifjzpfawmY onf/
         rif;aZmfonf okwfa&yef;xGufvsuf½Sdaom vD;wefBuD;udk cifxm;i,f
apgufzkwf twGif; tqHk;wdkifatmifyif zduyfxdk;oGif;xm;vsuf cifxm;i,fudk,fay:wGif
qefUiifqefUiifjzpf&if; ZdrfcHaeonf/ cifxm;i,fuvnf; rif;aZmfvD;udk tm;&yg;&
apgufzkwf<uufom;rsm;jzifUn§pfxm;ovdk aygifBuD;ESpfvHk;uvnf; rif;aZmfudktm;ukef
n§yfxm; vkdufum umrt&omukd wif;jynfhusyfjynfh cHpm;aeonf/
         ]] aumif;vdkufwm..udkaZmf&,f ..aemufudk 'DvdkrsdK;vdk;ay;&r,faemf..'gbJ}}
         ]]            udkaZmfvnf;aumif;vdkufwm..xm;&,f                ..xm;tzkwfu
t&rf;udkaumif;ygvm;uGm 'Dtzkwf xJrSmxkwfay;vdkufwJU va&rdsK; wpfcgrS
ryef;xkwfay;cJU zl;bl;..odwfaumif;w,f uGm..t&rf;udkbJ..}}
         okwfa&awGyef;xnfh&if; rif;aZmfuwzGzGajymaeonf/ onfhaemufawmU
ESpfa,muf om; xyfvsufom; rSdef;aeMuonf..vlawGuomrSdef;aeMuonf vD;ESifY
apgufzkwf url rSdef;r aeMuyg taqmifU tvdk; taumYtyifYom &yfoGm;aomfvnf;
t½SdefraoEdkifao;bJ rif;aZmfu vD;udk qwfueJqwfueJvkyf ay;vsuf½Sdovdk
cifxm;i,fuvnf; rif;aZmfESifUtwl tEdkifrcH t½IH;ray;bJ apgufzkwf<uufom;rsm;ESifh
awmifaeqJvD;udk rSefrSef n§pfay;vsuf ½Sdonf/ yg;pyfrSvJ.. ]] t&rf;udkaumif;wmbJ
udkaZmf&,f aemuf wpfcgvdk;&if..apgufzkwfwifrubl; zifudkygvdk;ay;ygaemf..xm;
zifcHcsifw,fuG,f }}
         ]] xm;eJUvdk;&wm odwfudkaumif;w,fuGm..pdwfcsxm;a&..udkuvnf;xm;zifudk
udk,fUvD;tqHk; oGif;NyD;vdk;csifw,fuGm..}}
         twefMumatmifrSdef;aeNyD; touf½SLrSefvmaomtcgrif;aZmfu cifxm;i,f 
nmzuf yg;jyifav;udk erf;vdkufonf/ wpfu,fjrwfEdk;rIESifUerf;onfhterf;rdkU
cifxm;i,f &ifxJwGif auseyfESpfodrfUoGm;avonf/

                                         4
rif;aZmfonf cifxm;i,ftay:rS ab;odkUvSdrf;qif;vdkufonf ,ckxufwkdifyif
rmefruscsifao;aom                vD;u               cifxm;i,f          apmufzkwfxJrS
zGwfueJjrnfumuRwfoGm;onf/ cifxm;i,f &ifxJwGifvnf; vD;uRwfoGm;í
apgufzkwftwGif;ü acsmifoGm;um &ifxJwGifvnf; [moGm;onf/ va&rsm;
pD;usvsuf½Sdaom rdrdapgufzkwfudkvnf; rif;aZmfu t0wfwpfckESifU ,k,pGm
okwfvdkufonf ta&;xJt0wfpuapgufapUudk yGwfrdvdkufí                        MuufoD;rsm;
jzef;jzef;xoGm;&ao;onf/
         ]]           usefaeao;wJU            xm;&JU           twdwfutjzpfqdk;awGufdk
em;axmifcsifao;vm;udkaZmf..}}
         ]] ausmfausmfrdk;wdkU vllodkufu xm;udk twif;0dkif;NyD; rk'def;usifUcJUwJUtjyif
tjcm;tjzpfqdk;awG MuHK &ao;vdkUvm;..}}
         ]] tif;..MuHK&ao;w,f odwfudkqdk;0g;vSwJU tjzpfawGygbJ udkaZmf&,f..}}
         cifxm;i,fuajym&if; 0rf;enf;vm&m rsufESmuav;ndK;usoGm;onf/
rif;aZmfu             cifxm;i,fudk           odkif;zufxm;onf/         cifxm;i,fonf
rif;aZmf&ifcGifxnf;wGif yg;tyfum 0rf;enf;pdwfjzifU wpfcsuf½Iduf vdkufonf?
rsufvHk;xJrS rsuf&nfwpfpufusvmonf/
         ]] pdwfraumif;p&mawGudk ajymrjycsif&ifvnf; aeyguG,f/ }} ]] pdwfraumif;p&m
uawmU trSefbJ udkaZmf 'gayrJU xm;ajymjyygr,f? 'Dvdk udk,fUtay:rSm MuifemwJU
vlwpfa,mufqDrSm zGifUxkwfajymjycsif wmMumygNyD..?xm;&JU yaxG;eJYygvmwJUom;u
xm;tay:rSm b,favmuf,kwfrmcJUovJqdkwmudk ajym jycJYNyD;ygNyD../ 'gayrJU xm;&JU
yaxG;u xm;tay:rSm b,favmuf,kwfrmcJUw,fqdkwmajymjyygr,f/}}
         ]] xm;&JU yaxG;uxm;udk [dk..[dk..}}
         ]] [kwfw,f oluvnf; xm;udk rk'def;usifUcJUao;w,f usifUwmrS ½dk;½dk;wef;wef;
awmifr[kwfbl;}}
         cifxm;i,fu olUudk yaxG;jzpfol OD;ausmfrdk;u &ufpufpGmjyKusifUcJUyHkudk
ca&apUwGif;us jyefajym jyavawmUonf.../
         OD;ausmfrdk;onfum; cifxm;i,f yaxG;jzpfonf/ cifxm;i,frdcif
aemuftdrfaxmif            jzpfum       twlwlaeMuonff/          xkdnu         rdcifjzpfol
a':cifxm;vnf;tddrfwGifr½Sday/ OD;ausmfrdk;onf t&ufaomuf wwfoljzpfNyD;
t&ufrl;vmygu aoG;qdk;wwfonf/ xdkodkUt&ufrl;vmvsif rdcifjzpfol a':cifxm;udk
vlrqefpGm vdk;wwfonfudkvnf; cifxm;i,fodonf / tcef;csif;u uyf&ufqdkawmU
toHrsm;u tukef Mum;ae&onf / wcgwkef;u nzufcifxm;i,f
wpfa,mufwa&;Edk;pOfrSm wpfzufcef;rS wdk;wdk;wdk;wkd;            ESifUtoHrsm;Mum;&í
em;axmifMunfh&m rdcifjzpfolESifYyaxG;jzpfolwdkU vdk;aeaMumif;od&onf/ pl;prf;vdk
onfhpdwfaMumifU acsmif;Munfh rd&m .. rdcifjzpfoludkav;bufaxmufNyD; aemufrS zifudk
                                           5
vdk;aewmudk awGUvkduf&onf/ xdktcguwnf;u rdef;rawGtwGuf cHp&monf
apmufzkwfom ru zifvnf;cHvdkU &aMumif; vD;udkvnf; pkyfMuaMumif;udk odvdkfuf&onf/
           ,cknwGif rdcifjzpfolu tjyifodkUoGm;aeNyD; OD;apmrdk;onf t&ufrsm;rl;aeonf/
cifxm;i,fvnf; tcef;xJwGif 0ifí*sufcsxm;vdkufonf/ xdkodkUwHcg;ydwf*sufcsNyD;
csdefrSmyif OD;ausmfrdk; tcef;a½SUodkU a&muf vmonf/
           ]] a[U i,fi,f wHcg;zGifUprf; igUom;ajymjyxm;wJU eifUtaMumif;awGeJU
ygwfoufNyD; ajymp&m½Sdw,f igeifeJU pum;eJeJajymcsifw,f..}}
           ]] [ifUtif; tefu,f t&ufrl;aew,f 'Dvdkrl;aewkef; i,fi,fpum;rajymcsifbl;
}}
           ]] awmuf acG;aumifrav; apgufpum;r½SnfeJU wHcg;udkzGifUprf; rzGifU&if
igtwif;zGifUNyD; 0ifvm rSmaemf }} ]][ifUtif; [ifUtif; rzGifYbl; rzGifUbl; }}
           cifxm;i,fonf tdyf,may:wGifaMumufvefUpGm ukwfukwfuav; ae&if;
toHukef jyefatmfonf aMuufpdwfjzifU olrwpfudk,fvHk; wkef&ifaeonf/
           olronf &m*<u,f0um ESmBuD; aoG;qlaom rdef;rpm;rdsK;jzpf&m wenf;enf;jzifU
pdwfvIyf½Sm;rd onfESifU &rufaZm Edk;Mum;vmjrJjzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; tvGefaMumufUvefU
wkefvIyf ae&m aMumufpdwfESifU ,SOfonfh &rufaZm Edk;Mum;rIjzpfaeonf/
           cifxm;i,fapgufzkwfonf wdk;íwdk;íazgif;<uaeonf/ EdkUoD;acgif;rsm;
axmifxvmonf/                   onfMum;xJ          nzufrdrdtdyfcef;xJwGif           ½SdaecsdefrfdkU
twGif;cHabmif;bDvnf; 0wfrxm; bavmuftusÐESifU wufx½GefxrD wygwfEGrf;udkom
wpfxyfwnf; 0wfxm;onf/
           bavmuftusÐrSm ta[mif;jzpfum ,ckudk,fvHk;ESifU tawmfudkusyfaeonf/
tom;uyf tajc taeeD;yg;jzpfaeonf/ NyD;awmUyg;vSyfjcif;r½Sdaomfvnf;
ajymif;tdaom                 tvyfpwpfom;qdkawmU       rdkU0ef;       aom&ifom;qdkifwdkUudk
onftwdkif;jrifae&onf/ txl;ojzifU EdkUoD;acgif;rsm;u cRefaumUum axmifwuf
aeyHku tjywfudkyDjyifaeonf/ (ausmfausmfrdk;wdkU vlodkufqGJudkif pdkUxm;NyD;NyDrdkU
cifxm;i,f&ifom;rsm; onf txl;yif zGHNzdK;BuD;xGm;um EdkUoD;acgif;rsm;uvnf;
½Snfaeygonf/)
           OD;apmrdk;onf pdwfMurf;udk,fMurf;jzpfaeygonf/ t&ufrl;vsifaoG;qdk;wwfonf/
,ck OD;apmrdk; t&uftawmfuav; rl;aeonf/ trSeftwdkif;0efcH&vsif OD;apmrdfk;onf
cifxm;i,f udk wyfrufaeonf/
           ,ckausmfausmfrdk;wdkUwpfodkufu cifxm;i,fudk 0dkif;vdk;cJUMuNyD; vD;udkvnf;
pkyfcdkif;        cJUMuNyDd;      jzpfonf       [kod&aomtcg             ODd;apmrdk;pdwfwGif
t&rf;udkremvdkjzpfaeonf/ onfMum;xJ t&ufuvnf; rl;aeonf jzpf&m
ydkíqdk;aeonf/ xdkUjyifcifxm;i,fuvnf; wHcg;udk twGif;u ydwfxm;ojzifU
ODd;apmrdk;Murf; Murf;&rf;&rf;vkyfcsifaom ADZudk EdI;qG ay;ouJUodkU jzpfae onf/
                                                6
OD;apmrdk;onf ydwfxm;aom wHcg;udk udk,fvHk;ESifUwdkufzGifYonf t&yfu
ajcmufay ausmfNyD; xGm;BudKif;awmifUwif;NyD; tm;tifvnf;BuD;rm;oefpGrf;vSonf/
ykacgif;apmif;ESifU          wdkufjypfvdkuf&m         wpfcsufxnf;ESifU         tcef;wHcg;*suf
yGifUxGufoGm;aponf/ wHcg;vnf; 0kef;ueJ yGifUoGm;onf/ onfvdkwHcg;udk twif;
wGef;zGifUEdkifonfhtwGuf            OD;apmrdk;         Murf;csif&rf;csif         pdwfrsm;onf
ydkí'D*&DjrifUwufvmonf/                   t&uf½Sdefu vnf;½Sdaeao;&m? xdkpdwfrsm;udk
xdef;csKyfEdkifonfhtodpdwfuvnf; tvGefudktm;enf;vsuf½Sdonf/
         OD;apmrdk;onf aoG;n§DeHu&onfh iref;vdkrsdkK;jzpfaeonf/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk
txl;ojzifU                    qefU               usifzufvdif              rdef;rwpfa,mufudk
twif;tMurf;ywrf;jyKcsifonfhpdwfrsm;u                             wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:íaeonf/
wHcg;yGifUoGm;NyD;aemuf OD;apmrsdK;onf tcef;xJodkU vTm;ueJ 0ifa&mufvdkufonf/
t&ufrl;aeonfhtjyif pdwfvnf;t&rf;cufxefaeonfrdkU OD;apmrdk; rsufESmBuD;u
wif;rmcufxefaeum rsufaxmifUeDBuD;jzifU wu,fUbDvl;o&JpD;ovdkjzpfaeonf? e*dkurS
taMumufBuD;aMumufae½Smol cifxm;i,frSm tcef;xJ ckef0ifa&muf½Sdvmaom
OD;apmrdsK;udkawGUvdkufaomtcg vdyfjymvGifUrwwfjzpfum i,foHygatmif atmf
vkkdufonf/
         ]] tm;..tm;..}}
         olwdkUtdrf½Sd&mae&monf               vlota&muftayguf
                                                  l                         tvGefenf;yg;um
tdrfeD;em;csif; rsm;uvnf; tvSrf;a0;vSonfjzpf&m cifxm;i,fatmfoHudk
rnfolrQrMum;Edkifay/               cifxm;i,f            tzdkUrSmvnf;           aMumufpdwfawG
txG#ftxdyfodkUa&muf½Sdonfhenf;wl aMumufpdwfaMumifY jzpfay:vmaom wPSm&ruf
pdwfonfvnf; w[kefxkd; tacgiftzsm;odkUa&muf½SdoGm;onf/ apmufzkwfxJrS
apmufa&rsm; ,dkpD;usae onfrSmvnf; apmufzkwfwpfckvHk; pdk½TJae,Hkomru zifMum;
zif0 rSwpfqifU xrDudkygpdkaeayNyD
         ]] udkif; eifeJU ausmfausmfrdk; bmawGjzpfMuw,fqdkwm igUudkajymjyprf;... }}
         ]] olwdkUu i,fi,fUudk 0dkif;NyD;rk'def;usifUMuwmyg/ NyD;awmUvD;pkyfcdkif;vdkUvJ pkyfay;
&ygao;w,f }}
         OD;apmrdk;u             usm;[def;oHBuD;ESifUar;vdkuf&m           cifxm;i,fuvnf;
tvefUwMum;yif jyefajzvdkuf olr ajymonfhpum;rsm;onf trSeftwdkif;omjzpfonf/
rSefvGef;onfhtwGuf wdwdusus ESifU wpfwpfcGcG
pum;;vHk;rsm;ygoGm;onf/ onfvdkpum;toHk;tEIH;rdsK;udk trsdK;orD;awG &ifY&ifYoD;oD;
ajymavUr½SdMuyg txl;ojzifY a,mufsm;BuD; wpfa,mufa½SUwGifajymavUr½SdMuyg/
cifxm;i,frSmvnf; onfavmuftxd EIwf&JvQm&J ½Sdolr[kwfyg /
         onfvdk wpfwpfcGcGajymqdkvdkufrIonf? cifxm;i,ftay: OD;apmrdk; taejzifY
raumif;ydkjrifoGm; onf/ ujrif;aMumqGJum eefUaMumqGJvdkonfh rdef;cav;rdkUom
                                               7
onfvdk wpfwpfcGcGESifU ½kef;&rf; Murf;wrf; aom pum;rdsK; jzifYajymqdkjcif;jzpfrnf[k
OD;apmrdk;u awG;avawmUonf/
           OD;apmrfdk;on a'goESifU wPSma&mifxaeaom rsufvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifU
cifxm;i,fudk              Munfhvdkufonf         xdkodkUMunfhvdkufcsdefwGif        cifxm;i,f
&ifom;rsm;udkvnf;jrifvdkufonf/                    tvGef        aMumufvefU           wkefvIyfum
pdwft&rf;vIyf½Sm;aecsdefrdkU cifxm;i,f touf½SLoHrsm;u jyif;xefaeonf/
&ifbwfonf rdkUwufvmvdkuf edrfUusoGm;vdkufESifU edrfUjrifU vIyf½Sm; vsuf½Sfd onf/
cyfMuyfMuyfjzpfaeaom bavmuftusÐ wpfxyfwnf;om &SdSaeonfrdkU ...wufvmvdkuf
usoGm;vdkufESifU vIyf½Sm;aeaom&ifom;BuD;ESpfckESifU cRefaumU wufum tusÐom;udkyif
xkd;azgufvkjzpfaeaom EdkUoD;acgif;uav;rsm;u OD;apmrdk;udkudk jr§LqG,f aeMu onf/
           OD;aprdk;rsufvHk;rsm;u           &ifom;qdkifrsm;ay:odkUusa&mufvsuf½Sdonf/
uRwfxGufrwwf udk pl;pl;pdkuf pdkufBuD;Munfhaeonf/ cifxm;i,fonf b&mpD,mudkyif
0wfxm;jcif;r½SdaMumif;uddk OD;apmrdk;odvkduf/
           a'goa&mifaygufaeaom rsufvHk;rsm;onf &rufcdk;rsm; jynfhvQHvmonf/
a'gopdwfae&mwGif &rufpdwfonf ½kwfcsnf;ajymif;vJ a&muf½Sdvmonf/
           ]] tefu,fUudkawmif olUtvdkvdkufatmif MuHzefNyD; usHK;oGif;vdrfUOD;r,f vdkU
uRefawmf xifw,f }}
           ausmfausmfrdk;pum;rsm;udk          OD;apmrdk;jyefvnf         Mum;a,mifvmonf/
rdrdudkjr§LqG,fvsuf olrtvdk usjzpfapvsuf tydkifudkifvmEdkifatmif cifxm;i,fu
b&mpD,myifr0wfbJ                    &ifom;pdkifrsm;udk          yuwd               twdkif;eD;yg;
ay:wifBuD;jzpfaeaprnfhtajctae zefwnf; xm;jcif; jzpfrnf [k OD;apmrdk;u xiffrd/
            ]] tif;..'Dcsmwdwfr..i,fomi,fw,f tvmBuD;ygvm; ?ratUaoG;
tjynfh½Sdaew,f/}} OD;apm rdk;onf a':cifxm;udk twdtvif;r[kwfbJ wdwfwdwfykef;
odrf;ydkuf             xm;jcif;jzpfonf/           a':cifxm;                rnfodkU&m*<u,fum
tvdk&rufjyif;jyxufoefonfudk OD;apmrdk; aumif;aumif;BuD; odonf/ ]] igUudkvdk&m
usHK;oGif;NyD; vdk&mcdkif;rvdkU ..[if; ausmfausmfrdk;udkbJ &r,f igUudkb,f&rvJ olUudkawmif
igu tjywfvdrfUaeatmif vdk;jypfvdkuf OD;r,f /MunfhMuao;wmaygU }}
           t&ufvnf;rl;ae&m OD;apmrdk;onf                       odwfNyD;udsK;aMumif;qifcsifum
rpOf;pm;EdkifawmU t&ufrl;ae olwdkUxHk;pH &rufpdwfuvnf; jyif;jyaeonfjzpf&m
udk,fvkd&mzufodkUom qGJawG;vkkdufawmUonf/ xdkodkU awG;awmNyD;onfESifU
OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,f0wfxm;aom bavmuf(pf) tusÐ &ifzwfudk twif;qGJ
jzJvdkufonf/ ]] jApf }}
           tusÐ&ifbwfjyJoGm;onf cifxm;i,frSm &ifbwf [if;vif;jzpfvsuf rdkU0if;
xGm;td avaom EdkUtHkBuD; ESpfckonf wkefvIyfumay:vmonf/ cifxm;i,frSm
aMumufvGef;í Muufaoaoaerfdonf/ txif;om; t½Sif;om; ay:vmaom
                                               8
EdkUtHkBuD;ESpfckukd zkHk;tkyf umuG,f zdkUudkyif owdr& rSifwufrdum onftwdkif;rvIyf r,Suf
½Sdaeonf/
          OD;apmrdk;pdwfxJwGif cifxm;i,fonf olr&ifom;rsm;udk az:vSpfjyoum
rdrdudk jr§LqG,fvdk onfYtwGuf onftwdkif;Nidrfíaejcif;jzpfonf[kom xifoGm;onf/
          ]] tpwkef;uawmU ausmfausmfrdk;ajymwmrSefrrSef pHkprf;ar;jref;rvdkUbJ
tckawmUbmrSar;jref;p&m rvdkawmUbl; eifuolwdkUudkjr§LqG,fNyD;vdk;cdkif;cJUwm xif½Sm;
aeNyDbJ}} ]] [ifUtif;..[ifUtif; }}
          onfwpfcg               cifxm;i,frSm            tvefUwMum;ESifUacgif;cg&rf;rdonf/
acgif;cgvdkufojzifY &ifom;wdkU uydkíyifvIyfcgoGm;avawmUonf/ tvGeftrif;
aMumufvefUwkefvIyfaeojzifY &ifom;pdkifawG bvmusif; aeonfudkrodawmUbJ
acgif;udkom twGifwGif&rf;aeonf/
          ]] eifbmajAmifvdrfwmvJ tckvnf;Munfh eifUEdkUtHkBuD;tazG;om;eJU igUudk
kjr§LqG,faewmav }}
          ]] [m..}} wnfhwnfhajymawmUrS cifxm;i,fonf tvefUwMum;yif
aemufqkwfum 'l;auG; xdkifcsvsuf &ifom;tpHkudkvufjzifUzHk;umvdkufonf/
tvefUwMum;jyKvkduf&onfrdkU                 &ifom;wdkUudkvufjzifUum      onfhtoGifr[kwfbJ
vufjzifUqkyfudkifjzpfn§pfumjyonfhoabmrsdK; xifp&mjzpfoGm;onf/ &ifom;rSm
BuD;rm;vSonfhtwGuf vHkatmifvnf;rzHk;Edkif xdkUjyif 'l;auG;um xdkifcsvdkufonfhtwGuf
aygif&if;cGqHk apgufzkwfae&mwGif xrDrSm pdkuGufaeonfudk OD;apmrkd;ujrifvdkufonf/
          OD;apmrdk;u cifxm;i,f xrDudkvSrf;qGJcRwfvdkufonf cifxm;i,f aMumufvefU
wMum;yif ukwif acgif;&if;zufwdk;um a½Smifonf? xrDudk OD;apmrdk;zrf;írrd/
onfawmU OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,fvuf aumuf0wfudk qkyfudkifxm;um olr
aemufausmzufodkU a&mufatmfif qGJvdrfvdkufonf/ vufvdrfoGm; onfhtwGuf
cifxm;i,fukd,frSm                                wpfygwf                     vnfoGm;um
OD;apmrdk;bufausmay;vsufjzpfoGm;onf/                              udk,fae[efxm;onfvnf;
ukwifay:xdkifvsufr[kwfawmU ab;apmif;vJvsuf ruswusjzpfoGm;onf/
          OD;apmrdk;onf                    xrDudktwif;qGJcRwfvdkufonf                xrDu
uGif;vHk;uRwfusoGm;jcif;awmU r½Sdyg/ odkUaomf txufqifpjyKwfxGufoGm;um
0wfxm;rIuawmUajyavsmUoGm;onf/ OD;apmrdk; onf cifxm;i,fudk zrf;csKyf
vdrfxm;&if; usefvufwpfzufu aygifMum;½Sdapgufzkwfudk zrf;EdIufonf azgif;rdkUvsuf
apgufa&awG ½Trf;½Trf;pdkaeaom apgufzkwfrkdUrdkYBuD;udk prf;rdonf/
          ]]                a[m.Munfhprf;            eifUapgufzkwfu           azgif;rdkUaeNyD;
apgufa&awGpdk½TJaeygyaumvm;? odwfudk tvdk; cHcsifaew,fqdkwm xif½Sm;aeNyD/ eifu
ausmfausmfrdk;ajymovdk odwfujrif; aMum xcsifwJU rdef;cav;bJ }}

                                              9
OD;apmrdk;u ajymajymqdkqdk ta&awG pdk½TJaeaom apgufzkwfxJodkU vufcvnfudk
qyfueJ xdk;xJU vdkufonf/ ]] tddk...}} cifxm;i,f qwfueJwGefUum yg;pyfrS
a&½GwfoHuav;ay:xGufvmonf/
           rdrdaoG;om;awGvIyf½Sm;Edk;<uaeaMumif;udk cifxm;i,f,ckkrSod&onf/ onfvdk
jzpfaeonfhtwGuf t&rf;udk½Suf½GHUrdonf/ bmaMumifUrsm; onfvdk &rufawG Edk;Mum;
ae&onf udkawmU csmwdwfrav;rod½Smyg xdkUjyif OD;apmrdk;vD;wefrwfaxmifaeNyD
jzpfaMumif;udk olr xrDajyavQmusí wpf0ufausmfausmfay: aeonfhwifyg;BuD;wGif
zkzkxpfxpfjzifU axmufrd aeonfh tawGUtxdt& cifxm;i,fodvdkuf&jyefonf/
           ]] tck eifu igUudkvnf; vmNyD;jr§LqG,faejyefNyD eifUudk t&rf; vdk;csifpdwfawG
ay:vmatmif eifu vkyfaewm r[kwfvm; i,fi,f..[if}} OD;apmrdk;pum;awGu
&ifYoD;vGef; vSonf/
           ]] r[kwfygbl; tefu,f&,f r[kwf&ygbl;½Sif vTwfyg ..uRefrudkvTwfyg }}
           cifxm;i,fu            idk½dkufumajym&if;     ½kef;rdonf/         OD;apmrdk;onf
uRJaygufwpfaumifvdk oefpGrf;onf jzpf&m cifxm;i,ftaejzifYb,frSvsif vGwfatmif
½kef;Edkifrnfenf;/           vGwfatmifr½kef;Edkifonfhtjyif          ½kef;&if;uef&if;ESifYyif
txufqifjyKwfum avsmU&J&Jjzpfaeaom xrDudk ydkíajyavsmusonf? um;tdaeaom
wifyg;BuD; tazG;om; tajymifom;ay:vmonf/ xdkUjyif vIyf½Sm; ½kef;uefaeonfh
olrwifyg;BuD;onf OD;apmrdk;qD;pyfudkyGwfrdaeonf/ zifBuD;udk aemufodkU aumUum
yGwfay;aeouJYodkUjzpfonf/
           cifxm;i,fwpfa,muf &m*pdwfEdk;<uvmum tjywfudktvdk;cHjcifaeonf[k
xifxm; onfh pdwfuvnf; ydkícdkifrmvmonf/ xl;qef;onf[kawmUqdk&rnf
xifjrifpOf;pm;wwfonfh OD;aESmufu aMumuf vefUum jiif;qefaeaomfvnf; zdkr"gwfudk
vdkvm;awmifUwaeavatmif cifxm;i,ftaoG;tom;rsm; url umrpyf½SufrIudk
txl;vdkvm;awmifUwvsuf½Sdavonf/ ,cktcsdefü b,fa,mufsm;vD;jzpfjzpf
tvdk;cHjcifaeonf/ NyD;awmUolrudk pdk;&drf aMumufvefU atmif Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;
udkifwG,f jyKusifUrIudk xl;xl;jcm;jcm;BuD; vdkvm; awmifUwvsuf ½Sdavonf/
&rufpdwfa&m aMumufpdwfa&m NydKifwljzpfay:ae/
           OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,fudk ukwifay:wGef;vSJvdkufonf? tpkwfpkwftjywfjywf
tuRwfuRwf tavsmUavsmU jzpfaeaomxrDESifY tusÐwdkUudk tjywfcRwfjypfvkdufonf/
cifxm;i,frSm t0wfryg Avm udk,fxnf;jzpfoGm;&onf / aygifMum;rS
apgufzkwfrSmvnf; OD;apmrkd;udk pdefac:ovdkjzpfaeonf/
           ]] uJ i,fi,f eifUudk igvdk;awmUr,f eifutvdk;cHjcifaewmqdkawmU rSwfavmuf
om;avmuf atmifudk vdk;r,f/ vdk;wmrS apgufzkwfudk r[kwfbl; zifudkvdk;r,f ..od&JU
vm; }}

                                            10
OD;apmrdk;u wpfu,fyifvlpdwfaysmufaeayNyD? cifxm;i,fonfvnf; odwfudk
aMumufaeovdk t&rf;udktvdk;cHaecsifonfrSm OD;apmrdk;ajymonfhtwdkif;yif/ odkUaomf
vpfonfESifU aMumufuefuefonfh taejzifU OD;apmrdk;aygifMum;rS vD;BuD;udk vufjzifY
vSrf;udkifum vdD;udkwtm;n§pfvdkufonf OD;apmrdk;rSm vnf; a*G;wufvkrwwf
emMuifoGm;onf/
         ]] tm;..}}
         emMuifrIaMumifY ODd;apmrdk;rSm aemufodkUqkwfoGm;onf? cifxm;i,fudk
csKyfzrf;xm;rI awGvnf; vGwfoGm;onf ?xdkcPü cifxm;i,f xajy;onf
..odkUaomfr& OD;apmrdk;u cifxm;i,fudkzrf;csKyfum ukwifay: jyefvSJcsvdkufonf/
rsufESmudk vuf0g;Murf;BuD;jzifY b,fjyefnmjyef½dkufonf/ 0rf;ydkufudkvufoD;jzifU
wpfcsufxkd;vdkufonf cifxm;i,frSm touf½SLyifMuyfoGm;um ukwifay:0,f
yufvufuav;jzpfoGm;& ½Smonf/
         OD;apmrdk;onf 0wfxm;aom ykqdk;udk *Gif;vHk;yHkcRwfum cifxm;i,fay:
wufarSmuf vdkufonf/ b,fzufvufarmif;udk vnfNrdKay:jzwfwifum cyfwif;wif;
zdxm;av&m cifxm;i,frSm b,fvdkrS½kef;uefjcif; rjyKomyg? OD;apmrdk;
nmvufuawmU cifxm;i,f aygifMum;odkU a&mufvmonf/ apgufzkwfudk
qkyfudkifum cyfMurf;Murf;yGwfonf/ apgufapUudk qGJvdrfonf apgufacgif;xJodkU
vufnd§K;ESifU vufcvnfudkxJUum arTay;onf xkwfvdkuf oGif;vdkuf vkyfaeonf/
         OD;aESmufu           oabmrwl             vufrcHaomfvnf;               OD;apmrdk;
Murf;wrf;pGmjyKusifUaeonfudk                    cifxm;                     i,fwpfa,muf
emusifrIrsm;tay:rSmom,mZdrfawGUaeonf/                 OD;apmrdk;uawmU          cifxm;i,f
atmf[pfae onfudk enf;enf;av;rS *½krpdkufyg / vD;udkcifxm;i,f zifxJodkUom
twif;oGif;aeonf ? cifxm;i,f uvnf; wdk;0ifvmaom vD;xdyfjyJ'pfvefBuD;udk
r0ifatmif [efUwm;onfhtaejzifU zifacgif;xJrS<uufom; rsm;udktwif;n§pfvdkufonf
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onfhES,f fjzpfoGm;um OD;apmrdk;rSmvnf; rawGUbl;onfhxl;jcm;aom t&omudkcHpm;&if;
vD; xdyfjyJ BuD;udk zifxJodkUtqHk;xdatmifaqmifUoGif;vdkufonf/
 zifacgif;u          usOf;aomfvnf;         vD;'pf0ifaeNyDrdkU      oGif;vsifoGif;oavmuf
useftydkif;uvnf;             wdk;0ifoGm;onf/       cifxm;i,frSm            aumif;wma&m
emwmyga&m>yrf;NyD; OD;apmrdk;rSmawmU tjywfudk yDwdjzpfaeonf usOf;Muyf
vSonfhzifacgif; t&omtawGUtxduvnf; Zdrf½SdvSonf cifxm;i,f
emusifom,mpGm atmfnD;oH uvnf; OD;apmrdk;udk tm;&aponf wpfu,fawmU
cifxm;i,frSm           zifcH&wmudk       tvGefBudKufonf         OD;apmrdk;     tm;&yg;&
rdrdzifudkvdk;rSmudkvnf; t&rf;udkauseyfaeonf/

                                           11
vD;u              zifxJodkU          ydkwdk;0ifoGm;avav              OD;apmrdk;tzdkU
tHyifBudwf,l&avmufatmifyif                     t&om½Sdav                avjzpfoGm;onf/
oGif;aumif;aumif;ESifYzdoGif;&m aemufqHk;wGif ½Spfvufrausmf ½Snfonfh vD;wefBuD;wpf
acsmif;vHk; zifacgif;aygufav;xJodkU tqHk;0ifoGm;avawmUonf/
         ]]           tm;..eifUzifxJudk           igUvD;tukefvHk;0ifoGm;NyD..eifYzifaygufu
usOf;NyD;..pD;ydkifaewmbJ aumif; vdkufwmuGm..wpfu,fawmU zifudkvdk;&wmu
apgufzkwfudk vdk;&wmxuf q,fqydkaumif;w,fuG.. odd&JUvm;i,fi,f..}} ]]
[kwfuJU..½SifY }} vD;udktqHk;oGif;an§mifY&if; OD;apmrdk;u auseyftm;&pGmajym vdkufonf/
cifxm;i,fuvnf; aumif;ayrJU tm;&yg;&rcHpm;&ao;ay../
         cifxm;i,fcrsmrSmawmU zifacgif;aygufxJodkU BuD;rm;wkwfcdkif ½Snfvsm;aom
vD;wefBuD; tqHk;xdk;oGif; rIudk cHae&aomaMumifY ? zifcHjcif;t&omudk wif;jynfhusyfjynfh
cHpm;ae&onf ? emusifjynfhusyfjcif;ESifY zifZdrf½Sdjcif;wkdUonf t&m&mudk
arUaysmufEdkifpGrf;½Sdaeonf/
         vD;udktqHk;0ifatmifoGif;NyD;aemuf            OD;apmrdk;onf      cifxm;i,fzifudk
cyfMurf;Murf;yif pwifum aqmifYvdk;aeawmUonf/                               zifacgif;av;u
usOf;usyfonfhtwGuf aqmifYvdk; &wmonf tydsKpif apgufzkwfudk vdk;&wmxuf
tjyefwpf&momonf xdkUaMumifUvnf; OD;apmrdk;onf zifvdk;&wmudkydkBudKufonf/
OD;apmrdk; tzdkU&mrSm avmupnf;pdrudk&um zD;(vf)ydkwufaeonf/
                                       f
         cifxm;i,frSmawmU aumif;vdkufemvdkufjzpfum tBudKufawGUaeonf odkUaomf
emonf [kom wGifwGifajymaeonf/ aqmiYfvdk;csufrsm;u jyif;xefvSonfjzpf&m
aumifrav;crsm OD;apmrdk; vD;BuD;zifxJodkU 0ifvkdufwkdif;xGufvdkufwdkif; tifUueJ
tifUueJ             touf½SLrSm;um          emusifatmifUaumif;BuD;jzifU              zifBuD;udk
ydkíyifaxmifay;vdkufonf vdk;ygapav../
         apmufzkwfxJrS ta&awGuvnf; t&rf;udkxGufaeonf onfMum;xJ
cifxm;i,fu                   aemufxyf                 vD;wpfacsmif;uapgufzkwfudkvdk;ae&if
ydkaumif;r,f[kawG;um zDvif ydkwufaejyefonf/ aMumufpdwf emusif rI..zifacgif;xJrS
t&omwdkUu ,SOfwGJí..pnf;pddrf tjynfh &aeonf/
         ]] b,feJUvnf; i,fi,f eifUzifudkigwufvdk;aewm cHvdkUaumif;w,f
r[kwfvm;..eifUvdkaumif rrsdK;u 'Dvdkzifvdk;ay;rSBudKufwmr[kwfvm; }}
         cifxm;i,fu bmrSjyefrajymay ukwifay:0,ffjym;jym;arSmufxm;um
zifBuD;udk tpGrf;ukef axmifxm;um OD;apmrdk;zifvdk;rIudkcHaeonf axmifxm;aom
zifBuD;udkvnf;          OD;apmrdk;vD;BuD;     tm;&yg;&           t½Sdef      ESifY0ifvmwdkif;
jyefaumUítmcHaeonf/ xdkodkU jyKvkyf vdkufojzifU vD;t&if;ESifY wifykqHkwkdY
jyif;jyif;xefxef xdrdum wbkwfbkwtoHxGufovdk tm;&vSonf/
                                         f

                                             12
cifxm;i,fzifu                   vdk;íaumif;vSonfrdkU             OD;apmrdk;onf
tirf;r&yifjzpfaeonf/ wtm;udkaqmifY vdk;aeonf ola*G;OBuD;rsm;uvnf;
cifxm;i,fapmufzkwfudk wpfcsDwpfcsD vm½dkufrdonf/ vdk;aumif; aumif;ESifU
rD;ukef&rf;ukefaqmifYvdk;ae&m cPrSmyif va&awG yef;xGufvkjzpfvmonf/
va&yef;xkwfawmU rnfrdkUaqmifYcsuf vdk;csufawGu t&rf;ukd jyif;xefum
vD;wefBuD;rSmvnf; oHacsmif;wpfacsmif;vdk rmwif; vmonf / aqmifY vdk;csuf awGu
jyif;xef jrefqefvGef;aomaMumifU zifvdk;cHaeaom cifxm;i,frSm vD;wef BuD;onf
zifacgif;xJodkU 0ifvmovm; xGufoGm;ovm;rodEdkifatmifyif zifZdrfawGUaeonf/
emvnf;em               aumif;vnf;aumif;ESifU             apmufzkwfudkvdk;wmudkcH&wmxuf
zifvdk;wmudkcH&wm ydkBudKufae onf/
          apmufzkwfuvnf; tvdk;rcH&aomaMumifUrausreyfjzpfum apmufa&awGudk
wvMurf;                 yef;xkwf             aeonf/             arSmufvsuftaetxm;jzifY
zifaxmifumtvdk;cHaeaomaMumifY apmufzkwf xJrS xGufvmaom apmufzkwfa&rsm;u
tzkwfatmufwnfhwnfh arGU,may:odkU wvMurf; xGufus ukefonf/
          cifxm;i,fonf a,mufsm;vD;oabmudk em;vnfaeNyDjzpf&m va&awG
yef;xGufvmrSom vdk;ae ola,mufsm;rSm tm;&auseyfrnfjzpfNyD; rdrdrSmvnf;
xdktcsdefonf tvdk;cH&jcif; auseyftm;&rItjrifYqHk; jzpfonf/ xdkaMumifY b,fvdkrSyif
nif;qef ½kef;uefraeawmUbJ OD;apmrdk; va&rsm; yef;xGuf vmap&efom
zifBuD;udkaxmifum aumUay;jcif; zifacgif;xJrS<uufom;rsm;jzifY 0ifvdkufxGufvdkuf
tm;&yg;&vdk;ae               aomvD;udk             n§pfay;n§yfay;        vkyfaevdkufonf/
zifBuD;udkaumUum&rf;ay;onf yg;pyfrSvnf; wtifUtifYESifY toHrsm; xGufum
tm;ay;aerdonf/
          ]] at;..'DvdkrSaygUuG..[kwfNyD zifBuD;udkaumUay;prf; ..ememav;aumU ..aumif;
vdkufwm eifYzifvdk;&wm b,fvdkaumif;rSrodawmUbl; i,fi,f&,f eifa&m
zifvdk;cH&wm BudKufw,fr[kwfvm; }}
          ]]ajymavuGm..}} ]] tm;..aumif;ygw,f½SifU vdk;yg..vdk;yg ememaqmifYyg
tefu,f&,f ..aumif; vdkufwm½Sif zifxJrSmb,fvdkt&om½SdrSef;rodatmifygbJ½Sif }}
          cifxm;i,fonfemusifrI>yef;aom zifvdk;rIudkt&rf;yifESpfcsdKufvmonf/ xdkokdU
jzpfaomaMumifU cifxm;i,fonf zifqHkBuD;udk tjywfaumUaumUay;onf a0U0dkufcg&rf;
ay;onf                   'gwifru                 apgufzkwfudk             vmvmykwfaom
vD;OBuD;rsm;udkvnf;vufESifUudkifwG,fum yGwfoyfay;aeonf OD;apmrdk;vD;tukefr0if
rSmudkpdk;&drfaeao;onf/
          cifxm;i,fwpfa,muf               rdrdzifvdk;rIudk     tm;&yg;&wkefYjyefaeojzifU
OD;apmrdk;onf                                 odwfudk                           tm;&um
wPSmpdwfvnf;tjyif;txefqHk;tcdsefodkUa&muf½Sdvmonf/onfMum;xJ vOESpfvHk;udkyg
                                           13
yGwfoyfqkyfe,f         jcif;cH&ojzifY b,fvdkryifpdwfrxdef;EdkifawmUbJ yg;pyfrS ]]
                                              S
i,fi,fa&..igawmU eifYzifxJudkva&awG yef;xnfhvdkufawmUr,faemf }} cifxm;i,fu
tm;r&ao;ojzifU ]] ryef;ygeJYOD;..vdk;ygOD; ememav;vdk;yg OD; ..aumif;vGef;vdkUyg
.atmifr,fav;aumif;vkdufwmaemf..}}
       ]] r&awmUbl; vmNyD..vmNyD..tm;..tm;;;;;;}}
       OD;apmrfkd;onf yg;pyfrSa&½Gwfjrnfwrf;&if; cifxm;i,f zifacgif;xnf;odkUvD;udk
tcsuff ESpfq,fcefU tm;&yg;&aqmifYvdk;jypfvdkuf&if; va&awGudk yef;xkwfvdkufonf
cifxm;i,frSvnf;aqmifUcsufu jyif;xefvGef;í acgif;yifaxmifvmonf OD;apmrdk;u
ajymvnf;ajymaqmifYvnf;aqmifU yef;vnf;yef; jyKvkyf vdkuf&m cifxm;i,f
zifacgif;xJ0,f ]] ylk l}} ueJjzpfum t&rf;udkZdrfusoGm;onf zifvdk;cH&aomfvnf;
apmufzkwf tvdk;cH&bd ouJUodkUyif aumif;vSonf/
       va&rsm;yef;xkwfNyD;aemuf vD;BuD;u wajz;ajz;aysmUusoGm;onfudk
cifxm;i,f odae onf OD;apmrdk;vD; zifxJrSxGufoGm;onf OD;apmrdk;vnf;
cifxm;i,fay:rS qif;oGm;onf/ cifxm;i,fcrsmrSmom ukwif
ay:0,farSmuf&ufom;av;usef&pfonf aemufwpfBudrfrsm; xyfvdk;rvm;[k
apmifUaevdkufao;onf odkUaomf OD;apmrdk;u tcef;xJrSxGufoGm;NyDjzpfonf
..cifxm;i,fuawmU tm;r&ao; cHvdkUr0ao; ..




                                        14

ခင္ထားလင္မမ်ားပါ

  • 1.
    cifxm;vifrrsm;yg/ aygifwefudkxrf;wifxm;aogaMumifU cifxm;i,f zifom;BuD;ESpfckonf ajymUajymU tdtd yHkUyHkU BuD;jzpfaeonf/ rif;aZmfonf cifxm;i,fzifom;BuD;ESpfjcrf;udk vuf0g; wpfck pDjzifU tkyfum cyfwif; wif;udkifvdkufonf/ xdkodkUudkif&mwGif vufacsmif;rsm;udk zifom;ESpfcktv,f½Sd tuGJaMumif;udk ususee udkifrdap&ef jyKonf/ zifudk cyfwif;wif;qkyfudkifvdkufaomtcg ziftuGJaMumif;udk qGJjzJ ovdk jzpfoGm;onf/ vufnd§; ESpfacsmif;u ptdkESifUvufESpfvHk;omomcefU a0;aom ae&mwGif½Sdonf/ rif;aZmfu xdkvufnd§;rsm;wGif zdtm;udk ydkxnfhay;vdkufjcif;jzifU ptdk0av;udkrjyJwjyJ qGJjzJ aeonfh oabmrdsK;jzpfonf/ xdkUaemufvD;udk tomqGJxkwfvdkuf jyefoGif;vdkuf an§mifUvdk;av; vdk;ay;vdkuf onf . ..vD;BuD;u wdk;0ifvkduf jyefxGufvkduf jzpfonfESifUtrQ tzkwfxJrSapmufa&rSm tjyifodkU vQH xGufcg zifacgif;wavQmuf atmufodkU pD;usonf/ pD;usvmaom apmufa&MunfwdkUonf ptdk0av;udk jzwfíoGm;&m ptkd0av;rSm at;ueJ aEG;ueJjzifU ,m;usdusdjzpfvmonf/ cifxm;i,f zifaygufrSm t½dkif;r[kwf..ziftydsKr[kwf..y,fy,fe,fe,f tvdk;cH xm;&aom zifaygufjzpfonf/ onfvdkpdkpdk pGwfpGwfjzpfvmaomtcg ,m;ovdkvdkESifU r½dfk;r½G jzpfvmonf/ zifcHjcifaom pdwfrsm;wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:vmonf/ þtcdsefrSmyif rif;aZmfonf apmufa&Munfrsm;pD;um pkdpdkpGwfpGwf jzpfaeaom cifxm;i,f zifaygufxJodkU olnmvuf cv,fudk qwfueJoGif;vdkufonf/ ]] pGwf..}} ]] tdk;..rmrD..}} rif;aZmfuvnf; apmufzkwfxJudk vD;oGif;&mwGif n§ifomoavmuf? zifacgif;aygufxJ vufxdk; oGif;&mwGifawmU tawmfMurf;onf/ vufcv,fwpfacsmif;vHk;udk wpfcsufxnf;ESifU tqHk;0ifatmif wtm;xdk;oGif;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ vD;acsmif;BuD;rsm; wtm;xdk;oGif;um vdk;wmudkyifcHzl;NyD;aom zifacgif;ayguf jzpfonfhtwGuf vufcv,fudkawmU ta&;rvkkyfyg? xdk;xJUvdkuf&mwGif avQmueJ0ifoGm;onf/ odkUaomf rif;aZmfu vufcv,fudk onftwdkif; tajzmifUxdk;oGif;jcif;r[kwfbJ.. cyfaumuf aumufav; jyKum xdk;oGif;vkdufonfhtwGuf txdtawGUuawmU wrllxl;onf/ qef;onf ..aumif;wmvJaumif;onf/ zifvdk;wmudkcHzl;aom cifxm;i,frSm ( olronf zifvdk;wmudk cHbl;,Hkomru zifayguf apgufzkwf yg;pyfaygufwdkUwGif vD;oHk;acsmif;wpfNydKifxJ xdk;oGif;vkd;wmudk cHbl;onf/) zifacgif;aygufxJodkU vufacsmif; xdk;oGif;wm cH&,HkrQESifU &ifxJzdkarmvIdKufoGm;&onf/ rif;aZmfonf umrrIüwpfu,fuRrf;usifoljzpf aMumif;udk cifxm;i,f0efcHygonf/ 1
  • 2.
    rif;aZmfonf cifxm;i,fudk pwifíaqmifUvdk;ygavawmUonf/ xdkodkUvdk;&mwGif apgufzkwfxJ½Sd vD;ESifU zifacgif;aygufxJ xdk;oGif;xm;aom vufcv,fwdkUuddk tcsdefudkufvIyf½Sm;ay;onf/ apmufzkwfudk vD;jzifUvdk;um zifaygufudk vufcv,fjzifU vdk;jcif; jzpfonf/ onfvdk vD;ESifUvufcv,f NydKifwlvdkvdk vdk;jcif;onf cifxm;i,fudk tjywf cdkufoGm; aponf/ cifxm;i,f wpfudk,fvHk; vl;vl; vGefUvGefU jzpfaeavawmUonf/ rif;aZmfonf wpfcsifjcif;rSefrSefaqmifUonf xdkaqmifUcsufwkdif;wGif tm;tjynfhygvsuf vD;t0if eufum xdrdvayaomaMumifU wpfcsufqdk qdkoavmuf S cifxm;i,fwpfa,muf aumUysHoGm;avonf? ptdkaygufxJodkU vnf; vufcv,fudk tqHk;oGif;vdkuf uRwfvkvk qGJxkwfvdkuf tm;jzifU qyfueJjyef aqmifUxdk;vdkuf vkyfay;onf/ ]] bGwf..cspf ..bGwf..tifU ]] ]] bGwf..bGwf..pGyf..Aspf.>ywf }} ]] tm; ..atmifr,fav; aumif;vdkufwm½Sif }} cifxm;i,f &rufjyif;vmonf olronf &rufpdwfjyif;xefNyDd; ESmxvmvsif &ifom;tpHkudk cyfwif;wif; qGJum cyfjyif;jyif;aqmifUvdk;wmudk t&rf;cHcsifonf/ ,ck rif;aZmf vufwpfzufu olr zifukd vdk;aqmfaeNyD; usefvufwpfzufuawmUab;em;udkaxmufum tm;jyKxm;&ay&m EdkUudkqGJ&ef vuftydkfr½SdbJjzpfaeonf/ EdkUtHkESpfckudk pHkudkifumqGJEdkif&ef zifaygufudkvdk;aeonfh vufcv,fudkvTwf& ayrnf/ xdkodkUvufcv,fjzifU zifacgif;aygufxJ xdk;um vdk;ay;aeonfuvnf; cHvdkUaumif;vSay&m xdkt&omudkvnf; rysufapvdk..? axmufum tm;jyKxm;aom vufwpfzufjzifU &ifom;ESpfvHk;udk wpfvSnfhpD qkyfe,f ay;cdkif; vsif aumif;rnfvm;[k pOf;pm;rdao;onf/ odkU&mwGif þodkUvkyfygu tm;jyKaxmuf xm;rIysufum aqmifUcsuftm;avsmUNyD; vD;t0if odwfreuf½Idif; rxda&mufawmUbJ t&om ysufoGm;rSm udk cifxm;i,f&dyfpm;rdao;onf/ xdkUaMumifU cifxm;i,fonf rdrdEdkUtHkBuD;ESpfckudk rdrdvufrsm;jzifU jyefíwtm;qkyfe,fum w[if; [if;jzifU zDvifawG tjywfwufaeonf/ rsufvHk;yifaumif;pGm rzGifUEdkifawmUay../ 'gudkjrif&awmU rif;aZmfrSmvnf; wrdsK;wpfzHk pdwfydkívIyf½Sm;vmonf/ xdkUaMumifU aqmifUcsufrsm;udk jrefay;vdkufonf/ wpfcsifjcif;rSefrSefaqmifUvdk;raeawmU ? qufwkduf pufaoewfypfonfhe,f w&Murf;aqmifUvdk;onf/ vufcv,fudkvnf; zifayguf xJodkU jrefqefpGmxdk;oGif; jyefxkwf cyfMurf;Murf;vkyfonf/ vD;ESifUvufacsmif;xdk;oGif;vdkufwkdif;onf? vdk;aeolrif;aZmfESifU tvdk;cHaeol cifxm;i,fwdkU ESpfa,mufvHk; aoG;om;rsm; qla0vmonf/ rif;aZmfu vD;ESifU vufcv,f wdkUudk tm;tiftjynfhjzifU xdk;aqmifUzdoGif;vdkufavwdkif; cifxm;i,fonf 2
  • 3.
    apgufzkwfESifY zifacgif;xJodkU0ifvmonfh vD;wefESifUvufacsmif;wdkUudk qD;íqD;í n§yfay; n§pfay; pkyf,l ay;aeonf/ apgufzkwftwGif;om;eSifU zifacgif; <uufom;rsm;udk aumif;aumif;BuD; tvkyf ay; aeonf/ rif;aZmfu ydkíjyif;jyif;aqmifUvdk;onf/ ydfkíMurf;Murf; vdk;onfan§mifUonf.. cifxm;i,fuvnf; rif;aZmf vdk;csufaqmifUcsufrsm;ESifUtNydKif zifqHkBuD;udk aumUum yifUum cg;uav;EGJUum ,rf;umESifU tjywfudkcH,lonf atmufay;aumif;aumif;ay;nf apgufa&awGuvnf; pdk½TJaeNyDrdkU toHrsm;u wbGwf bGwfjrnfaeonf/ cifxm;i,frSmvnf; NyD;vkkvkjzpfvmNyDrdkU wpfudk,fvHk; aoG;aMumawG qlyGufíaeonf &ifvnf;w'def;'def; ckefvsuf½Sdonf/ cifxm;i,fonf aumif;vGef;vSonfjzpf&m yg;pyfrS ]] tm;..tm;.. [ifU ..jrefjrefeJU Murf;Murf; aqmifUvdk;ay;yg udkaZmf&,f..aumif;vGef;vdkUyg..aqmifUyg. ...tm;..NyD;awmU r,f. .NyD;awmUr,f.. aqmifYyg..vdk;yg vdk;yg..tm;..tm;..aqmifUaqmifU ...tm;..}} cifxm;i,fu tmomief;ief;yifawmif;qdkonf ajymqdkyHkonf tirf;r&jzpfaomfvnf; &rufaZm [keftvGeftrif;xufoefaeonfrdkU pum;oHuawmU wkefwkefcdkufcdkufjzpfaeonf/ rif;aZmfrSmvnf; va&uyef;cgeD;NyDrdkU t&rf;udkaqmifUvdk;aeonf/ ol&Jr&JpD;onfhES,f cifxm;i,fapgufzkwfudk rD;yGifUrwwf Murf;wrf;pGm aqmifUvdk;aeonf/ rif;aZmf udk,fwdkif vnf; rdrdenf;wl umrt&omudk cHpm;ae&aMumif; cifxm;i,fu od½Sdaeavonf/ onfvdkomqdkygu rdrdwdkUESpfa,mufNydKifwlNyD;awmUrnfjzpfaMumif;cifxm; i,fu &dyfrdum 0rf;om auseyfvsuf½Sdonf/ cifxm;i,ftzdkU umrpyf½Sufjcif;onf ( apgufzkwf ? zif? yg;pyff? EdkUtHkMum; ) bmrQrqef;yg odkUaomf ,ckuJUodkU umrpdwf t&rf;udkwuf<uum tirf;r&jzpfaewmrdsK;? t&omxl;uJum Zdrf½Sdwm rsddK; rMuHKbl;yg/ ,ckvnf; umrr&omtxGwftxdyfudka&mufum NyD;awmUrnfrdkU cifxm;i,f wpfudk,fvHk; ½Sd<uufom;rsm; taMumtcsifrsm;onf tjywfwif;<uvmonf &ifcHkoHuvnf; jrefvdkufwmrajymygESifU awmU apgufzkwfxJrSvnf; wqwfqwfwkefwufaeonf/ ]] tm.tm;..[m;.. tD;...xGufukefNyD.udkaZmfa&..aumif;vdkufwm½Sif atmifr,fav;. aumif;vdkufwm..}} cifxm;i,fu yg;pyfrS a&½Gwfjrnfwrf;&if; xGefUxGefU vl;vsuf aumUysHaeonf/ olr apmufzkwfwGif;rS pD;xGufvmaomapgufzkwfta&rsm;uvnf; rif;aZmf vD;wefBuD;udk ylaEG;oGm;aponf/ apgufzkwf twGif;om;rsm;udkvnf; plyG plyGvkyfay;vdkufjcif;jzifU vD;wefBuD;udkjzpfn§pfaeovdk zifacgif; onfvnf; wm0efauspGm ½IHUvdkufyGvdkufjzifU vufcv,fudk pkyf,lvsuf½Sdonf/ 3
  • 4.
    rif;aZmfudkf,fwdkifuvnf; t&rf;udk pdwfxaeonfhtjyif cifxm; apmufzkwfn§pftm; rSmvnf; aumif;vSonfjzpf&m b,fvdkrSxdrf;rxm;EdkifawmUbJ va&awG udk cifxm;i,f apgufzkwftwGif;odkU tm;ukef yef;xnfhvdkufawmUonf/ ]] udkaZmfYva&awG yef;vdkufNyD..xm;a&U..a&mU..tm;..tm;..}} rif;aZmfu tHBudwfumajym &if;wqyfqyfwkefwufaeavonf/ vHk;uspfaom zifom;ESpfckuvnf; wGefUcgaeonf acgif;vnf;aygUoGm;/ olUvD;xdyfrS va&rsm;onf jypfueJ..jypfueJ.. cyfjyif;jyif;udk yef;xGufoGm;onf/ yef;xGuftm;u tawmUudkjyif;xefonf apgufacgif; euf½Idif;vSonfh twGif;ydkif;½Sd tom;EkEkav;rsm;wdkifatmifyif okwfa&wdkU wdk;0ifa&muf½Sd oGm;onf/ xdkae&mrsm;txd rnfonfha,mufsm;om; va&rQa&mufjcif;r½Sdao;;yg/ cifxm;i,f aoG;om;rsm;tzdkU xl;uJavaom t&mom tawGUtMuHKopfwpf&yf yifjzpfawmY onf/ rif;aZmfonf okwfa&yef;xGufvsuf½Sdaom vD;wefBuD;udk cifxm;i,f apgufzkwf twGif; tqHk;wdkifatmifyif zduyfxdk;oGif;xm;vsuf cifxm;i,fudk,fay:wGif qefUiifqefUiifjzpf&if; ZdrfcHaeonf/ cifxm;i,fuvnf; rif;aZmfvD;udk tm;&yg;& apgufzkwf<uufom;rsm;jzifUn§pfxm;ovdk aygifBuD;ESpfvHk;uvnf; rif;aZmfudktm;ukef n§yfxm; vkdufum umrt&omukd wif;jynfhusyfjynfh cHpm;aeonf/ ]] aumif;vdkufwm..udkaZmf&,f ..aemufudk 'DvdkrsdK;vdk;ay;&r,faemf..'gbJ}} ]] udkaZmfvnf;aumif;vdkufwm..xm;&,f ..xm;tzkwfu t&rf;udkaumif;ygvm;uGm 'Dtzkwf xJrSmxkwfay;vdkufwJU va&rdsK; wpfcgrS ryef;xkwfay;cJU zl;bl;..odwfaumif;w,f uGm..t&rf;udkbJ..}} okwfa&awGyef;xnfh&if; rif;aZmfuwzGzGajymaeonf/ onfhaemufawmU ESpfa,muf om; xyfvsufom; rSdef;aeMuonf..vlawGuomrSdef;aeMuonf vD;ESifY apgufzkwf url rSdef;r aeMuyg taqmifU tvdk; taumYtyifYom &yfoGm;aomfvnf; t½SdefraoEdkifao;bJ rif;aZmfu vD;udk qwfueJqwfueJvkyf ay;vsuf½Sdovdk cifxm;i,fuvnf; rif;aZmfESifUtwl tEdkifrcH t½IH;ray;bJ apgufzkwf<uufom;rsm;ESifh awmifaeqJvD;udk rSefrSef n§pfay;vsuf ½Sdonf/ yg;pyfrSvJ.. ]] t&rf;udkaumif;wmbJ udkaZmf&,f aemuf wpfcgvdk;&if..apgufzkwfwifrubl; zifudkygvdk;ay;ygaemf..xm; zifcHcsifw,fuG,f }} ]] xm;eJUvdk;&wm odwfudkaumif;w,fuGm..pdwfcsxm;a&..udkuvnf;xm;zifudk udk,fUvD;tqHk; oGif;NyD;vdk;csifw,fuGm..}} twefMumatmifrSdef;aeNyD; touf½SLrSefvmaomtcgrif;aZmfu cifxm;i,f nmzuf yg;jyifav;udk erf;vdkufonf/ wpfu,fjrwfEdk;rIESifUerf;onfhterf;rdkU cifxm;i,f &ifxJwGif auseyfESpfodrfUoGm;avonf/ 4
  • 5.
    rif;aZmfonf cifxm;i,ftay:rS ab;odkUvSdrf;qif;vdkufonf,ckxufwkdifyif rmefruscsifao;aom vD;u cifxm;i,f apmufzkwfxJrS zGwfueJjrnfumuRwfoGm;onf/ cifxm;i,f &ifxJwGifvnf; vD;uRwfoGm;í apgufzkwftwGif;ü acsmifoGm;um &ifxJwGifvnf; [moGm;onf/ va&rsm; pD;usvsuf½Sdaom rdrdapgufzkwfudkvnf; rif;aZmfu t0wfwpfckESifU ,k,pGm okwfvdkufonf ta&;xJt0wfpuapgufapUudk yGwfrdvdkufí MuufoD;rsm; jzef;jzef;xoGm;&ao;onf/ ]] usefaeao;wJU xm;&JU twdwfutjzpfqdk;awGufdk em;axmifcsifao;vm;udkaZmf..}} ]] ausmfausmfrdk;wdkU vllodkufu xm;udk twif;0dkif;NyD; rk'def;usifUcJUwJUtjyif tjcm;tjzpfqdk;awG MuHK &ao;vdkUvm;..}} ]] tif;..MuHK&ao;w,f odwfudkqdk;0g;vSwJU tjzpfawGygbJ udkaZmf&,f..}} cifxm;i,fuajym&if; 0rf;enf;vm&m rsufESmuav;ndK;usoGm;onf/ rif;aZmfu cifxm;i,fudk odkif;zufxm;onf/ cifxm;i,fonf rif;aZmf&ifcGifxnf;wGif yg;tyfum 0rf;enf;pdwfjzifU wpfcsuf½Iduf vdkufonf? rsufvHk;xJrS rsuf&nfwpfpufusvmonf/ ]] pdwfraumif;p&mawGudk ajymrjycsif&ifvnf; aeyguG,f/ }} ]] pdwfraumif;p&m uawmU trSefbJ udkaZmf 'gayrJU xm;ajymjyygr,f? 'Dvdk udk,fUtay:rSm MuifemwJU vlwpfa,mufqDrSm zGifUxkwfajymjycsif wmMumygNyD..?xm;&JU yaxG;eJYygvmwJUom;u xm;tay:rSm b,favmuf,kwfrmcJUovJqdkwmudk ajym jycJYNyD;ygNyD../ 'gayrJU xm;&JU yaxG;u xm;tay:rSm b,favmuf,kwfrmcJUw,fqdkwmajymjyygr,f/}} ]] xm;&JU yaxG;uxm;udk [dk..[dk..}} ]] [kwfw,f oluvnf; xm;udk rk'def;usifUcJUao;w,f usifUwmrS ½dk;½dk;wef;wef; awmifr[kwfbl;}} cifxm;i,fu olUudk yaxG;jzpfol OD;ausmfrdk;u &ufpufpGmjyKusifUcJUyHkudk ca&apUwGif;us jyefajym jyavawmUonf.../ OD;ausmfrdk;onfum; cifxm;i,f yaxG;jzpfonf/ cifxm;i,frdcif aemuftdrfaxmif jzpfum twlwlaeMuonff/ xkdnu rdcifjzpfol a':cifxm;vnf;tddrfwGifr½Sday/ OD;ausmfrdk;onf t&ufaomuf wwfoljzpfNyD; t&ufrl;vmygu aoG;qdk;wwfonf/ xdkodkUt&ufrl;vmvsif rdcifjzpfol a':cifxm;udk vlrqefpGm vdk;wwfonfudkvnf; cifxm;i,fodonf / tcef;csif;u uyf&ufqdkawmU toHrsm;u tukef Mum;ae&onf / wcgwkef;u nzufcifxm;i,f wpfa,mufwa&;Edk;pOfrSm wpfzufcef;rS wdk;wdk;wdk;wkd; ESifUtoHrsm;Mum;&í em;axmifMunfh&m rdcifjzpfolESifYyaxG;jzpfolwdkU vdk;aeaMumif;od&onf/ pl;prf;vdk onfhpdwfaMumifU acsmif;Munfh rd&m .. rdcifjzpfoludkav;bufaxmufNyD; aemufrS zifudk 5
  • 6.
    vdk;aewmudk awGUvkduf&onf/ xdktcguwnf;urdef;rawGtwGuf cHp&monf apmufzkwfom ru zifvnf;cHvdkU &aMumif; vD;udkvnf; pkyfMuaMumif;udk odvdkfuf&onf/ ,cknwGif rdcifjzpfolu tjyifodkUoGm;aeNyD; OD;apmrdk;onf t&ufrsm;rl;aeonf/ cifxm;i,fvnf; tcef;xJwGif 0ifí*sufcsxm;vdkufonf/ xdkodkUwHcg;ydwf*sufcsNyD; csdefrSmyif OD;ausmfrdk; tcef;a½SUodkU a&muf vmonf/ ]] a[U i,fi,f wHcg;zGifUprf; igUom;ajymjyxm;wJU eifUtaMumif;awGeJU ygwfoufNyD; ajymp&m½Sdw,f igeifeJU pum;eJeJajymcsifw,f..}} ]] [ifUtif; tefu,f t&ufrl;aew,f 'Dvdkrl;aewkef; i,fi,fpum;rajymcsifbl; }} ]] awmuf acG;aumifrav; apgufpum;r½SnfeJU wHcg;udkzGifUprf; rzGifU&if igtwif;zGifUNyD; 0ifvm rSmaemf }} ]][ifUtif; [ifUtif; rzGifYbl; rzGifUbl; }} cifxm;i,fonf tdyf,may:wGifaMumufvefUpGm ukwfukwfuav; ae&if; toHukef jyefatmfonf aMuufpdwfjzifU olrwpfudk,fvHk; wkef&ifaeonf/ olronf &m*<u,f0um ESmBuD; aoG;qlaom rdef;rpm;rdsK;jzpf&m wenf;enf;jzifU pdwfvIyf½Sm;rd onfESifU &rufaZm Edk;Mum;vmjrJjzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; tvGefaMumufUvefU wkefvIyf ae&m aMumufpdwfESifU ,SOfonfh &rufaZm Edk;Mum;rIjzpfaeonf/ cifxm;i,fapgufzkwfonf wdk;íwdk;íazgif;<uaeonf/ EdkUoD;acgif;rsm; axmifxvmonf/ onfMum;xJ nzufrdrdtdyfcef;xJwGif ½SdaecsdefrfdkU twGif;cHabmif;bDvnf; 0wfrxm; bavmuftusÐESifU wufx½GefxrD wygwfEGrf;udkom wpfxyfwnf; 0wfxm;onf/ bavmuftusÐrSm ta[mif;jzpfum ,ckudk,fvHk;ESifU tawmfudkusyfaeonf/ tom;uyf tajc taeeD;yg;jzpfaeonf/ NyD;awmUyg;vSyfjcif;r½Sdaomfvnf; ajymif;tdaom tvyfpwpfom;qdkawmU rdkU0ef; aom&ifom;qdkifwdkUudk onftwdkif;jrifae&onf/ txl;ojzifU EdkUoD;acgif;rsm;u cRefaumUum axmifwuf aeyHku tjywfudkyDjyifaeonf/ (ausmfausmfrdk;wdkU vlodkufqGJudkif pdkUxm;NyD;NyDrdkU cifxm;i,f&ifom;rsm; onf txl;yif zGHNzdK;BuD;xGm;um EdkUoD;acgif;rsm;uvnf; ½Snfaeygonf/) OD;apmrdk;onf pdwfMurf;udk,fMurf;jzpfaeygonf/ t&ufrl;vsifaoG;qdk;wwfonf/ ,ck OD;apmrdk; t&uftawmfuav; rl;aeonf/ trSeftwdkif;0efcH&vsif OD;apmrdfk;onf cifxm;i,f udk wyfrufaeonf/ ,ckausmfausmfrdk;wdkUwpfodkufu cifxm;i,fudk 0dkif;vdk;cJUMuNyD; vD;udkvnf; pkyfcdkif; cJUMuNyDd; jzpfonf [kod&aomtcg ODd;apmrdk;pdwfwGif t&rf;udkremvdkjzpfaeonf/ onfMum;xJ t&ufuvnf; rl;aeonf jzpf&m ydkíqdk;aeonf/ xdkUjyifcifxm;i,fuvnf; wHcg;udk twGif;u ydwfxm;ojzifU ODd;apmrdk;Murf; Murf;&rf;&rf;vkyfcsifaom ADZudk EdI;qG ay;ouJUodkU jzpfae onf/ 6
  • 7.
    OD;apmrdk;onf ydwfxm;aom wHcg;udkudk,fvHk;ESifUwdkufzGifYonf t&yfu ajcmufay ausmfNyD; xGm;BudKif;awmifUwif;NyD; tm;tifvnf;BuD;rm;oefpGrf;vSonf/ ykacgif;apmif;ESifU wdkufjypfvdkuf&m wpfcsufxnf;ESifU tcef;wHcg;*suf yGifUxGufoGm;aponf/ wHcg;vnf; 0kef;ueJ yGifUoGm;onf/ onfvdkwHcg;udk twif; wGef;zGifUEdkifonfhtwGuf OD;apmrdk; Murf;csif&rf;csif pdwfrsm;onf ydkí'D*&DjrifUwufvmonf/ t&uf½Sdefu vnf;½Sdaeao;&m? xdkpdwfrsm;udk xdef;csKyfEdkifonfhtodpdwfuvnf; tvGefudktm;enf;vsuf½Sdonf/ OD;apmrdk;onf aoG;n§DeHu&onfh iref;vdkrsdkK;jzpfaeonf/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk txl;ojzifU qefU usifzufvdif rdef;rwpfa,mufudk twif;tMurf;ywrf;jyKcsifonfhpdwfrsm;u wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:íaeonf/ wHcg;yGifUoGm;NyD;aemuf OD;apmrsdK;onf tcef;xJodkU vTm;ueJ 0ifa&mufvdkufonf/ t&ufrl;aeonfhtjyif pdwfvnf;t&rf;cufxefaeonfrdkU OD;apmrdk; rsufESmBuD;u wif;rmcufxefaeum rsufaxmifUeDBuD;jzifU wu,fUbDvl;o&JpD;ovdkjzpfaeonf? e*dkurS taMumufBuD;aMumufae½Smol cifxm;i,frSm tcef;xJ ckef0ifa&muf½Sdvmaom OD;apmrdsK;udkawGUvdkufaomtcg vdyfjymvGifUrwwfjzpfum i,foHygatmif atmf vkkdufonf/ ]] tm;..tm;..}} olwdkUtdrf½Sd&mae&monf vlota&muftayguf l tvGefenf;yg;um tdrfeD;em;csif; rsm;uvnf; tvSrf;a0;vSonfjzpf&m cifxm;i,fatmfoHudk rnfolrQrMum;Edkifay/ cifxm;i,f tzdkUrSmvnf; aMumufpdwfawG txG#ftxdyfodkUa&muf½Sdonfhenf;wl aMumufpdwfaMumifY jzpfay:vmaom wPSm&ruf pdwfonfvnf; w[kefxkd; tacgiftzsm;odkUa&muf½SdoGm;onf/ apmufzkwfxJrS apmufa&rsm; ,dkpD;usae onfrSmvnf; apmufzkwfwpfckvHk; pdk½TJae,Hkomru zifMum; zif0 rSwpfqifU xrDudkygpdkaeayNyD ]] udkif; eifeJU ausmfausmfrdk; bmawGjzpfMuw,fqdkwm igUudkajymjyprf;... }} ]] olwdkUu i,fi,fUudk 0dkif;NyD;rk'def;usifUMuwmyg/ NyD;awmUvD;pkyfcdkif;vdkUvJ pkyfay; &ygao;w,f }} OD;apmrdk;u usm;[def;oHBuD;ESifUar;vdkuf&m cifxm;i,fuvnf; tvefUwMum;yif jyefajzvdkuf olr ajymonfhpum;rsm;onf trSeftwdkif;omjzpfonf/ rSefvGef;onfhtwGuf wdwdusus ESifU wpfwpfcGcG pum;;vHk;rsm;ygoGm;onf/ onfvdkpum;toHk;tEIH;rdsK;udk trsdK;orD;awG &ifY&ifYoD;oD; ajymavUr½SdMuyg txl;ojzifY a,mufsm;BuD; wpfa,mufa½SUwGifajymavUr½SdMuyg/ cifxm;i,frSmvnf; onfavmuftxd EIwf&JvQm&J ½Sdolr[kwfyg / onfvdk wpfwpfcGcGajymqdkvdkufrIonf? cifxm;i,ftay: OD;apmrdk; taejzifY raumif;ydkjrifoGm; onf/ ujrif;aMumqGJum eefUaMumqGJvdkonfh rdef;cav;rdkUom 7
  • 8.
    onfvdk wpfwpfcGcGESifU ½kef;&rf;Murf;wrf; aom pum;rdsK; jzifYajymqdkjcif;jzpfrnf[k OD;apmrdk;u awG;avawmUonf/ OD;apmrfdk;on a'goESifU wPSma&mifxaeaom rsufvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifU cifxm;i,fudk Munfhvdkufonf xdkodkUMunfhvdkufcsdefwGif cifxm;i,f &ifom;rsm;udkvnf;jrifvdkufonf/ tvGef aMumufvefU wkefvIyfum pdwft&rf;vIyf½Sm;aecsdefrdkU cifxm;i,f touf½SLoHrsm;u jyif;xefaeonf/ &ifbwfonf rdkUwufvmvdkuf edrfUusoGm;vdkufESifU edrfUjrifU vIyf½Sm; vsuf½Sfd onf/ cyfMuyfMuyfjzpfaeaom bavmuftusÐ wpfxyfwnf;om &SdSaeonfrdkU ...wufvmvdkuf usoGm;vdkufESifU vIyf½Sm;aeaom&ifom;BuD;ESpfckESifU cRefaumU wufum tusÐom;udkyif xkd;azgufvkjzpfaeaom EdkUoD;acgif;uav;rsm;u OD;apmrdk;udkudk jr§LqG,f aeMu onf/ OD;aprdk;rsufvHk;rsm;u &ifom;qdkifrsm;ay:odkUusa&mufvsuf½Sdonf/ uRwfxGufrwwf udk pl;pl;pdkuf pdkufBuD;Munfhaeonf/ cifxm;i,fonf b&mpD,mudkyif 0wfxm;jcif;r½SdaMumif;uddk OD;apmrdk;odvkduf/ a'goa&mifaygufaeaom rsufvHk;rsm;onf &rufcdk;rsm; jynfhvQHvmonf/ a'gopdwfae&mwGif &rufpdwfonf ½kwfcsnf;ajymif;vJ a&muf½Sdvmonf/ ]] tefu,fUudkawmif olUtvdkvdkufatmif MuHzefNyD; usHK;oGif;vdrfUOD;r,f vdkU uRefawmf xifw,f }} ausmfausmfrdk;pum;rsm;udk OD;apmrdk;jyefvnf Mum;a,mifvmonf/ rdrdudkjr§LqG,fvsuf olrtvdk usjzpfapvsuf tydkifudkifvmEdkifatmif cifxm;i,fu b&mpD,myifr0wfbJ &ifom;pdkifrsm;udk yuwd twdkif;eD;yg; ay:wifBuD;jzpfaeaprnfhtajctae zefwnf; xm;jcif; jzpfrnf [k OD;apmrdk;u xiffrd/ ]] tif;..'Dcsmwdwfr..i,fomi,fw,f tvmBuD;ygvm; ?ratUaoG; tjynfh½Sdaew,f/}} OD;apm rdk;onf a':cifxm;udk twdtvif;r[kwfbJ wdwfwdwfykef; odrf;ydkuf xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ a':cifxm; rnfodkU&m*<u,fum tvdk&rufjyif;jyxufoefonfudk OD;apmrdk; aumif;aumif;BuD; odonf/ ]] igUudkvdk&m usHK;oGif;NyD; vdk&mcdkif;rvdkU ..[if; ausmfausmfrdk;udkbJ &r,f igUudkb,f&rvJ olUudkawmif igu tjywfvdrfUaeatmif vdk;jypfvdkuf OD;r,f /MunfhMuao;wmaygU }} t&ufvnf;rl;ae&m OD;apmrdk;onf odwfNyD;udsK;aMumif;qifcsifum rpOf;pm;EdkifawmU t&ufrl;ae olwdkUxHk;pH &rufpdwfuvnf; jyif;jyaeonfjzpf&m udk,fvkd&mzufodkUom qGJawG;vkkdufawmUonf/ xdkodkU awG;awmNyD;onfESifU OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,f0wfxm;aom bavmuf(pf) tusÐ &ifzwfudk twif;qGJ jzJvdkufonf/ ]] jApf }} tusÐ&ifbwfjyJoGm;onf cifxm;i,frSm &ifbwf [if;vif;jzpfvsuf rdkU0if; xGm;td avaom EdkUtHkBuD; ESpfckonf wkefvIyfumay:vmonf/ cifxm;i,frSm aMumufvGef;í Muufaoaoaerfdonf/ txif;om; t½Sif;om; ay:vmaom 8
  • 9.
    EdkUtHkBuD;ESpfckukd zkHk;tkyf umuG,fzdkUudkyif owdr& rSifwufrdum onftwdkif;rvIyf r,Suf ½Sdaeonf/ OD;apmrdk;pdwfxJwGif cifxm;i,fonf olr&ifom;rsm;udk az:vSpfjyoum rdrdudk jr§LqG,fvdk onfYtwGuf onftwdkif;Nidrfíaejcif;jzpfonf[kom xifoGm;onf/ ]] tpwkef;uawmU ausmfausmfrdk;ajymwmrSefrrSef pHkprf;ar;jref;rvdkUbJ tckawmUbmrSar;jref;p&m rvdkawmUbl; eifuolwdkUudkjr§LqG,fNyD;vdk;cdkif;cJUwm xif½Sm; aeNyDbJ}} ]] [ifUtif;..[ifUtif; }} onfwpfcg cifxm;i,frSm tvefUwMum;ESifUacgif;cg&rf;rdonf/ acgif;cgvdkufojzifY &ifom;wdkU uydkíyifvIyfcgoGm;avawmUonf/ tvGeftrif; aMumufvefUwkefvIyfaeojzifY &ifom;pdkifawG bvmusif; aeonfudkrodawmUbJ acgif;udkom twGifwGif&rf;aeonf/ ]] eifbmajAmifvdrfwmvJ tckvnf;Munfh eifUEdkUtHkBuD;tazG;om;eJU igUudk kjr§LqG,faewmav }} ]] [m..}} wnfhwnfhajymawmUrS cifxm;i,fonf tvefUwMum;yif aemufqkwfum 'l;auG; xdkifcsvsuf &ifom;tpHkudkvufjzifUzHk;umvdkufonf/ tvefUwMum;jyKvkduf&onfrdkU &ifom;wdkUudkvufjzifUum onfhtoGifr[kwfbJ vufjzifUqkyfudkifjzpfn§pfumjyonfhoabmrsdK; xifp&mjzpfoGm;onf/ &ifom;rSm BuD;rm;vSonfhtwGuf vHkatmifvnf;rzHk;Edkif xdkUjyif 'l;auG;um xdkifcsvdkufonfhtwGuf aygif&if;cGqHk apgufzkwfae&mwGif xrDrSm pdkuGufaeonfudk OD;apmrkd;ujrifvdkufonf/ OD;apmrdk;u cifxm;i,f xrDudkvSrf;qGJcRwfvdkufonf cifxm;i,f aMumufvefU wMum;yif ukwif acgif;&if;zufwdk;um a½Smifonf? xrDudk OD;apmrdk;zrf;írrd/ onfawmU OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,fvuf aumuf0wfudk qkyfudkifxm;um olr aemufausmzufodkU a&mufatmfif qGJvdrfvdkufonf/ vufvdrfoGm; onfhtwGuf cifxm;i,fukd,frSm wpfygwf vnfoGm;um OD;apmrdk;bufausmay;vsufjzpfoGm;onf/ udk,fae[efxm;onfvnf; ukwifay:xdkifvsufr[kwfawmU ab;apmif;vJvsuf ruswusjzpfoGm;onf/ OD;apmrdk;onf xrDudktwif;qGJcRwfvdkufonf xrDu uGif;vHk;uRwfusoGm;jcif;awmU r½Sdyg/ odkUaomf txufqifpjyKwfxGufoGm;um 0wfxm;rIuawmUajyavsmUoGm;onf/ OD;apmrdk; onf cifxm;i,fudk zrf;csKyf vdrfxm;&if; usefvufwpfzufu aygifMum;½Sdapgufzkwfudk zrf;EdIufonf azgif;rdkUvsuf apgufa&awG ½Trf;½Trf;pdkaeaom apgufzkwfrkdUrdkYBuD;udk prf;rdonf/ ]] a[m.Munfhprf; eifUapgufzkwfu azgif;rdkUaeNyD; apgufa&awGpdk½TJaeygyaumvm;? odwfudk tvdk; cHcsifaew,fqdkwm xif½Sm;aeNyD/ eifu ausmfausmfrdk;ajymovdk odwfujrif; aMum xcsifwJU rdef;cav;bJ }} 9
  • 10.
    OD;apmrdk;u ajymajymqdkqdk ta&awGpdk½TJaeaom apgufzkwfxJodkU vufcvnfudk qyfueJ xdk;xJU vdkufonf/ ]] tddk...}} cifxm;i,f qwfueJwGefUum yg;pyfrS a&½GwfoHuav;ay:xGufvmonf/ rdrdaoG;om;awGvIyf½Sm;Edk;<uaeaMumif;udk cifxm;i,f,ckkrSod&onf/ onfvdk jzpfaeonfhtwGuf t&rf;udk½Suf½GHUrdonf/ bmaMumifUrsm; onfvdk &rufawG Edk;Mum; ae&onf udkawmU csmwdwfrav;rod½Smyg xdkUjyif OD;apmrdk;vD;wefrwfaxmifaeNyD jzpfaMumif;udk olr xrDajyavQmusí wpf0ufausmfausmfay: aeonfhwifyg;BuD;wGif zkzkxpfxpfjzifU axmufrd aeonfh tawGUtxdt& cifxm;i,fodvdkuf&jyefonf/ ]] tck eifu igUudkvnf; vmNyD;jr§LqG,faejyefNyD eifUudk t&rf; vdk;csifpdwfawG ay:vmatmif eifu vkyfaewm r[kwfvm; i,fi,f..[if}} OD;apmrdk;pum;awGu &ifYoD;vGef; vSonf/ ]] r[kwfygbl; tefu,f&,f r[kwf&ygbl;½Sif vTwfyg ..uRefrudkvTwfyg }} cifxm;i,fu idk½dkufumajym&if; ½kef;rdonf/ OD;apmrdk;onf uRJaygufwpfaumifvdk oefpGrf;onf jzpf&m cifxm;i,ftaejzifYb,frSvsif vGwfatmif ½kef;Edkifrnfenf;/ vGwfatmifr½kef;Edkifonfhtjyif ½kef;&if;uef&if;ESifYyif txufqifjyKwfum avsmU&J&Jjzpfaeaom xrDudk ydkíajyavsmusonf? um;tdaeaom wifyg;BuD; tazG;om; tajymifom;ay:vmonf/ xdkUjyif vIyf½Sm; ½kef;uefaeonfh olrwifyg;BuD;onf OD;apmrdk;qD;pyfudkyGwfrdaeonf/ zifBuD;udk aemufodkU aumUum yGwfay;aeouJYodkUjzpfonf/ cifxm;i,fwpfa,muf &m*pdwfEdk;<uvmum tjywfudktvdk;cHjcifaeonf[k xifxm; onfh pdwfuvnf; ydkícdkifrmvmonf/ xl;qef;onf[kawmUqdk&rnf xifjrifpOf;pm;wwfonfh OD;aESmufu aMumuf vefUum jiif;qefaeaomfvnf; zdkr"gwfudk vdkvm;awmifUwaeavatmif cifxm;i,ftaoG;tom;rsm; url umrpyf½SufrIudk txl;vdkvm;awmifUwvsuf½Sdavonf/ ,cktcsdefü b,fa,mufsm;vD;jzpfjzpf tvdk;cHjcifaeonf/ NyD;awmUolrudk pdk;&drf aMumufvefU atmif Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf; udkifwG,f jyKusifUrIudk xl;xl;jcm;jcm;BuD; vdkvm; awmifUwvsuf ½Sdavonf/ &rufpdwfa&m aMumufpdwfa&m NydKifwljzpfay:ae/ OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,fudk ukwifay:wGef;vSJvdkufonf? tpkwfpkwftjywfjywf tuRwfuRwf tavsmUavsmU jzpfaeaomxrDESifY tusÐwdkUudk tjywfcRwfjypfvkdufonf/ cifxm;i,frSm t0wfryg Avm udk,fxnf;jzpfoGm;&onf / aygifMum;rS apgufzkwfrSmvnf; OD;apmrkd;udk pdefac:ovdkjzpfaeonf/ ]] uJ i,fi,f eifUudk igvdk;awmUr,f eifutvdk;cHjcifaewmqdkawmU rSwfavmuf om;avmuf atmifudk vdk;r,f/ vdk;wmrS apgufzkwfudk r[kwfbl; zifudkvdk;r,f ..od&JU vm; }} 10
  • 11.
    OD;apmrdk;u wpfu,fyifvlpdwfaysmufaeayNyD? cifxm;i,fonfvnf;odwfudk aMumufaeovdk t&rf;udktvdk;cHaecsifonfrSm OD;apmrdk;ajymonfhtwdkif;yif/ odkUaomf vpfonfESifU aMumufuefuefonfh taejzifU OD;apmrdk;aygifMum;rS vD;BuD;udk vufjzifY vSrf;udkifum vdD;udkwtm;n§pfvdkufonf OD;apmrdk;rSm vnf; a*G;wufvkrwwf emMuifoGm;onf/ ]] tm;..}} emMuifrIaMumifY ODd;apmrdk;rSm aemufodkUqkwfoGm;onf? cifxm;i,fudk csKyfzrf;xm;rI awGvnf; vGwfoGm;onf ?xdkcPü cifxm;i,f xajy;onf ..odkUaomfr& OD;apmrdk;u cifxm;i,fudkzrf;csKyfum ukwifay: jyefvSJcsvdkufonf/ rsufESmudk vuf0g;Murf;BuD;jzifY b,fjyefnmjyef½dkufonf/ 0rf;ydkufudkvufoD;jzifU wpfcsufxkd;vdkufonf cifxm;i,frSm touf½SLyifMuyfoGm;um ukwifay:0,f yufvufuav;jzpfoGm;& ½Smonf/ OD;apmrdk;onf 0wfxm;aom ykqdk;udk *Gif;vHk;yHkcRwfum cifxm;i,fay: wufarSmuf vdkufonf/ b,fzufvufarmif;udk vnfNrdKay:jzwfwifum cyfwif;wif; zdxm;av&m cifxm;i,frSm b,fvdkrS½kef;uefjcif; rjyKomyg? OD;apmrdk; nmvufuawmU cifxm;i,f aygifMum;odkU a&mufvmonf/ apgufzkwfudk qkyfudkifum cyfMurf;Murf;yGwfonf/ apgufapUudk qGJvdrfonf apgufacgif;xJodkU vufnd§K;ESifU vufcvnfudkxJUum arTay;onf xkwfvdkuf oGif;vdkuf vkyfaeonf/ OD;aESmufu oabmrwl vufrcHaomfvnf; OD;apmrdk; Murf;wrf;pGmjyKusifUaeonfudk cifxm; i,fwpfa,muf emusifrIrsm;tay:rSmom,mZdrfawGUaeonf/ OD;apmrdk;uawmU cifxm;i,f atmf[pfae onfudk enf;enf;av;rS *½krpdkufyg / vD;udkcifxm;i,f zifxJodkUom twif;oGif;aeonf ? cifxm;i,f uvnf; wdk;0ifvmaom vD;xdyfjyJ'pfvefBuD;udk r0ifatmif [efUwm;onfhtaejzifU zifacgif;xJrS<uufom; rsm;udktwif;n§pfvdkufonf þodkUjyKvdkufonfudku OD;apmrdk;udk aumif;oxufaumif;atmif atmufay; ay;vdkuf onfhES,f fjzpfoGm;um OD;apmrdk;rSmvnf; rawGUbl;onfhxl;jcm;aom t&omudkcHpm;&if; vD; xdyfjyJ BuD;udk zifxJodkUtqHk;xdatmifaqmifUoGif;vdkufonf/ zifacgif;u usOf;aomfvnf; vD;'pf0ifaeNyDrdkU oGif;vsifoGif;oavmuf useftydkif;uvnf; wdk;0ifoGm;onf/ cifxm;i,frSm aumif;wma&m emwmyga&m>yrf;NyD; OD;apmrdk;rSmawmU tjywfudk yDwdjzpfaeonf usOf;Muyf vSonfhzifacgif; t&omtawGUtxduvnf; Zdrf½SdvSonf cifxm;i,f emusifom,mpGm atmfnD;oH uvnf; OD;apmrdk;udk tm;&aponf wpfu,fawmU cifxm;i,frSm zifcH&wmudk tvGefBudKufonf OD;apmrdk; tm;&yg;& rdrdzifudkvdk;rSmudkvnf; t&rf;udkauseyfaeonf/ 11
  • 12.
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  • 13.
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  • 14.
    yGwfoyfqkyfe,f jcif;cH&ojzifY b,fvdkryifpdwfrxdef;EdkifawmUbJ yg;pyfrS ]] S i,fi,fa&..igawmU eifYzifxJudkva&awG yef;xnfhvdkufawmUr,faemf }} cifxm;i,fu tm;r&ao;ojzifU ]] ryef;ygeJYOD;..vdk;ygOD; ememav;vdk;yg OD; ..aumif;vGef;vdkUyg .atmifr,fav;aumif;vkdufwmaemf..}} ]] r&awmUbl; vmNyD..vmNyD..tm;..tm;;;;;;}} OD;apmrfkd;onf yg;pyfrSa&½Gwfjrnfwrf;&if; cifxm;i,f zifacgif;xnf;odkUvD;udk tcsuff ESpfq,fcefU tm;&yg;&aqmifYvdk;jypfvdkuf&if; va&awGudk yef;xkwfvdkufonf cifxm;i,frSvnf;aqmifUcsufu jyif;xefvGef;í acgif;yifaxmifvmonf OD;apmrdk;u ajymvnf;ajymaqmifYvnf;aqmifU yef;vnf;yef; jyKvkyf vdkuf&m cifxm;i,f zifacgif;xJ0,f ]] ylk l}} ueJjzpfum t&rf;udkZdrfusoGm;onf zifvdk;cH&aomfvnf; apmufzkwf tvdk;cH&bd ouJUodkUyif aumif;vSonf/ va&rsm;yef;xkwfNyD;aemuf vD;BuD;u wajz;ajz;aysmUusoGm;onfudk cifxm;i,f odae onf OD;apmrdk;vD; zifxJrSxGufoGm;onf OD;apmrdk;vnf; cifxm;i,fay:rS qif;oGm;onf/ cifxm;i,fcrsmrSmom ukwif ay:0,farSmuf&ufom;av;usef&pfonf aemufwpfBudrfrsm; xyfvdk;rvm;[k apmifUaevdkufao;onf odkUaomf OD;apmrdk;u tcef;xJrSxGufoGm;NyDjzpfonf ..cifxm;i,fuawmU tm;r&ao; cHvdkUr0ao; .. 14