El 31 de octubre se celebra el Día de la Música Criolla en Perú, una fecha establecida en 1944 por el presidente Manuel Prado para resaltar las raíces de la música criolla peruana y sembrar el orgullo del criollismo. La idea surgió de Juan Manuel Carrera del Corral, un amante de la música criolla que quería que se celebre un día central dedicado a esta música, la cual es parte integral de la cultura popular peruana y representa la fusión de las culturas africanas y españolas en el país.
This document contains a collection of short, disjointed English phrases that were likely translated from Chinese and thus contain Engrish errors and inconsistencies. The phrases reference topics like finding restrooms, feminism, health, calling or not calling someone, entrance fees, inconvenience, and art but without meaningful connections between the individual statements.
The document summarizes key physical and human geographical features of South Asia. It discusses important rivers such as the Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra rivers. It also mentions the Himalayan Mountains and Deccan Plateau. In terms of human geography, it outlines major ethnic groups like the Indo-Aryans and languages spoken in South Asia such as Hindi, English, and the large number of languages in India. It concludes that the population of South and East Asia makes up about one third of the world's total population.
Varieties of English can be regional, based on the area where a language is used, or social, based on affiliation with a social group. Regional varieties developed as people migrated to different areas, while social varieties are influenced by factors like education, socioeconomic class, age, and gender. National standards of English also exist, like American English, British English, and other independent country variations. Speakers often switch between varieties depending on context, such as the topic, medium of communication, relationship between participants, and level of formality required. The widespread use of English globally has led to the development of many standardized forms of the language around the world.
1. South Asian Englishes refers to the varieties of English spoken in South Asia, which developed due to British colonialism and the continued use of English in government, education, and business in the region.
2. English has taken on new roles and meanings in South Asia, with locals claiming ownership over how they speak the language. While English teaching aims for standard British pronunciation and grammar, the languages inevitably interact, producing new vocabulary, pronunciations, and grammatical features.
3. South Asian English varieties are characterized by features like code-switching, question tags with "isn't" and "isn't it", dropping initial consonant clusters, and borrowing or calquing words from local languages.
1. Language variation occurs according to field of discourse, medium, and attitude.
2. Variation according to field relates to the type of activity engaged in through language, such as medicine or business.
3. Variation according to medium is related to whether language is spoken or written.
4. Variation according to attitude refers to whether language is used in a formal or informal manner.
There are several groups that make up the population of the Caribbean including Afro-Caribbean, Indo-Caribbean, Asian Caribbean, White Caribbean, and West Indian. The history of Caribbean English dates back to the West Indies region of the North Atlantic Ocean. Some key phonological features of Caribbean English include TH-stopping, H-dropping, consonant cluster reduction, and the use of a similar face vowel sound as in parts of the UK. Grammatically, Caribbean English sometimes omits the indefinite article, past tense markers, and plural markers.
The document discusses the concept of World Englishes and its development over time. It covers several key topics:
- Kachru's model of concentric circles that categorizes varieties of English into Inner Circle, Outer Circle, and Expanding Circle.
- The stratification of English and how its functions have been studied in various interactional contexts across circles.
- Issues around bilingual creativity in English literatures from places in contact with English. This has resulted in multicanons and a shift in the traditional English canon.
- Sociolinguistic factors like nativization and Englishization that have shaped the development of English varieties worldwide.
- Pedagogical reasons for teaching
Standard English refers to the accepted form of the English language used for official purposes in Anglophone countries. It encompasses grammar, vocabulary, and spelling. In Britain, Standard English is associated with Received Pronunciation and UK Standard English, while in the US it is associated with General American.
There are some differences between British and American English, primarily in pronunciation but also in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling. The differences are not huge, as the languages have remained relatively similar compared to other languages that diverged more after colonial periods.
World Englishes refers to localized varieties of English that have developed in former British colonies and areas influenced by the US. Over time, English varieties have emerged and adapted to local contexts
The document provides an overview of the geography, climate, vegetation, and history of South Asia. It describes the major geographical features like the Himalayan Mountains and river systems like the Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra rivers. It discusses how the formation of the Himalayas influenced other landforms and natural resources in the region. It also provides brief summaries of the history, culture, languages, and governments of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and other South Asian countries.
El 31 de octubre se celebra el Día de la Música Criolla en Perú, una fecha establecida en 1944 por el presidente Manuel Prado para resaltar las raíces de la música criolla peruana y sembrar el orgullo del criollismo. La idea surgió de Juan Manuel Carrera del Corral, un amante de la música criolla que quería que se celebre un día central dedicado a esta música, la cual es parte integral de la cultura popular peruana y representa la fusión de las culturas africanas y españolas en el país.
This document contains a collection of short, disjointed English phrases that were likely translated from Chinese and thus contain Engrish errors and inconsistencies. The phrases reference topics like finding restrooms, feminism, health, calling or not calling someone, entrance fees, inconvenience, and art but without meaningful connections between the individual statements.
The document summarizes key physical and human geographical features of South Asia. It discusses important rivers such as the Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra rivers. It also mentions the Himalayan Mountains and Deccan Plateau. In terms of human geography, it outlines major ethnic groups like the Indo-Aryans and languages spoken in South Asia such as Hindi, English, and the large number of languages in India. It concludes that the population of South and East Asia makes up about one third of the world's total population.
Varieties of English can be regional, based on the area where a language is used, or social, based on affiliation with a social group. Regional varieties developed as people migrated to different areas, while social varieties are influenced by factors like education, socioeconomic class, age, and gender. National standards of English also exist, like American English, British English, and other independent country variations. Speakers often switch between varieties depending on context, such as the topic, medium of communication, relationship between participants, and level of formality required. The widespread use of English globally has led to the development of many standardized forms of the language around the world.
1. South Asian Englishes refers to the varieties of English spoken in South Asia, which developed due to British colonialism and the continued use of English in government, education, and business in the region.
2. English has taken on new roles and meanings in South Asia, with locals claiming ownership over how they speak the language. While English teaching aims for standard British pronunciation and grammar, the languages inevitably interact, producing new vocabulary, pronunciations, and grammatical features.
3. South Asian English varieties are characterized by features like code-switching, question tags with "isn't" and "isn't it", dropping initial consonant clusters, and borrowing or calquing words from local languages.
1. Language variation occurs according to field of discourse, medium, and attitude.
2. Variation according to field relates to the type of activity engaged in through language, such as medicine or business.
3. Variation according to medium is related to whether language is spoken or written.
4. Variation according to attitude refers to whether language is used in a formal or informal manner.
There are several groups that make up the population of the Caribbean including Afro-Caribbean, Indo-Caribbean, Asian Caribbean, White Caribbean, and West Indian. The history of Caribbean English dates back to the West Indies region of the North Atlantic Ocean. Some key phonological features of Caribbean English include TH-stopping, H-dropping, consonant cluster reduction, and the use of a similar face vowel sound as in parts of the UK. Grammatically, Caribbean English sometimes omits the indefinite article, past tense markers, and plural markers.
The document discusses the concept of World Englishes and its development over time. It covers several key topics:
- Kachru's model of concentric circles that categorizes varieties of English into Inner Circle, Outer Circle, and Expanding Circle.
- The stratification of English and how its functions have been studied in various interactional contexts across circles.
- Issues around bilingual creativity in English literatures from places in contact with English. This has resulted in multicanons and a shift in the traditional English canon.
- Sociolinguistic factors like nativization and Englishization that have shaped the development of English varieties worldwide.
- Pedagogical reasons for teaching
Standard English refers to the accepted form of the English language used for official purposes in Anglophone countries. It encompasses grammar, vocabulary, and spelling. In Britain, Standard English is associated with Received Pronunciation and UK Standard English, while in the US it is associated with General American.
There are some differences between British and American English, primarily in pronunciation but also in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling. The differences are not huge, as the languages have remained relatively similar compared to other languages that diverged more after colonial periods.
World Englishes refers to localized varieties of English that have developed in former British colonies and areas influenced by the US. Over time, English varieties have emerged and adapted to local contexts
The document provides an overview of the geography, climate, vegetation, and history of South Asia. It describes the major geographical features like the Himalayan Mountains and river systems like the Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra rivers. It discusses how the formation of the Himalayas influenced other landforms and natural resources in the region. It also provides brief summaries of the history, culture, languages, and governments of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and other South Asian countries.
3. ПРАВИЛЬНЫЕ МНОГОГРАННИКИ
Названия этих многогранников пришли
из Древней Греции, в них указывается
число граней:
«эдра» – грань
«тетра»
4
«гекса»
6
«окта»
8
«икоса»
20
«додека»
12
4. ТЕТРАЭДРТетраэдр – правильный многогранник, составленный из четырёх
равносторонних треугольников.
Радиус вписанной
сферы
Радиус описанной
сферы
Объём
Площадь
поверхности
тетраэдра
Сумма длин всех
рёбер
a6
32
aS
4
6a
R
12
6a
r
12
23
a
V
Тетраэдр имеет 3
оси симметрии,
которые проходят
через середины
скрещивающихся
рёбер.
Тетраэдр имеет 6
плоскостей
симметрии, каждая
из которых проходит
через ребро
тетраэдра
перпендикулярно
скрещивающемуся с
ним ребру.
5. ГЕКСАЭДР (КУБ)
Радиус вписанной
сферы
Радиус описанной
сферы
Объём
Площадь
поверхности
тетраэдра
Сумма длин всех
рёбер
a12
2
6aS
2
3a
R
2
a
r
3
aV
Гексаэдр – правильный многогранник, составленный из шести
квадратов.
Центром симметрии
куба является точка
пересечения его
диагоналей. Через
центр симметрии
проходят 9 осей
симметрии.
Плоскостей симметрии
у куба также 9 и
проходят они либо
через противоположные
ребра (таковых
плоскостей 6), либо
через середины
противоположных
ребер (таких 3).
6. ОКТАЭДР
Радиус вписанной
сферы
Радиус описанной
сферы
Объём
Площадь
поверхности
тетраэдра
Сумма длин всех
рёбер
a12
32 2
aS
2
2a
R
6
6a
r
3
23
a
V
Октаэдр – правильный многогранник, составленный из восьми
равносторонних квадратов.
Октаэдр обладает
симметрией. Три из 9 осей
симметрии октаэдра
проходят через
противоположные вершины,
шесть - через середины
ребер. Центр симметрии
октаэдра - точка
пересечения его осей
симметрии.
Три из 9 плоскостей симметрии
тетраэдра проходят через каждые
4 вершины октаэдра, лежащие
в одной плоскости.
Шесть плоскостей симметрии
проходят через две вершины, не
принадлежащие одной грани, и
середины противоположных
ребер.
7. ДОДЕКАЭДРДодекаэдр – правильный многогранник, составленный из
двенадцати равносторонних пятиугольников.
Радиус вписанной
сферы
Радиус описанной
сферы
Объём
Площадь
поверхности
тетраэдра
Сумма длин всех
рёбер
a30
)525(53 2
aS
3)51(
4
a
R
5
22
10
4
a
r
)5715(
4
3
a
V
Плоскостей симметрии 9 и проходят
они либо через противоположные
ребра (таковых плоскостей 6), либо
через середины противоположных
ребер (таких 3). Додекаэдр имеет 15
плоскостей симметрии. Любая из
плоскостей симметрии проходит в
каждой грани через вершину и
середину противоположного ребра.
8. ИКОСАЭДРИкосаэдр – правильный многогранник, составленный из двадцати
равносторонних треугольников.
Правильный икосаэдр имеет 15
осей симметрии, каждая
из которых проходит
через середины противоположных
параллельных ребер.
Плоскостей симметрии также 15.
Сумма длин всех
рёбер a30
Площадь
поверхности
тетраэдра
Объём
Радиус описанной
сферы
Радиус вписанной
сферы
35 2
aS
)53(
12
5 3
a
V
)55(2
4
a
R
)53(
34
a
r