1. ‫ﺇﻧﻘﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﻭﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ : ﺃﺛﺮ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ª ‫ و‬K‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫س‬
‫א‬ – Ø‫א‬
@ @ñŠì—ä¾bi@òîÇìäÛa@òîiÛa@òîÜ×
@ @sÛbrÛa@ôìäÛa@‹¸û¾a
@ @@ïi‹ÈÛa@å€ìÛaë@‹—ß@À@ïÇìäÛa@áîÜÈnÛa@‹íìĐm
@ @HòîvîmaŽa@ðúŠI@ò¾ìÈÛa@‹—Ç@À@ÝàÈÛa@ÖìŽ@pbjÜĐnß@òèuaì¾
RPPX@Ý€€€í‹ic@QP@–@@Y
@ @

2. ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وو ‪ ª‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫@ @‬
‫‪@ @€çQTRY@@O@â@RPPX‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫٨٠٤‬

3. ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א ‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ ª‬قא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫٩٠٤‬ ‫٩-٠١‬ ‫‬ ‫א‪ Ø‬א‬

4. ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وو ‪ ª‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺇﻧﻘﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﻭﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ:‬
‫ﺃﺛﺮ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫د‪ K‬و‬
‫א‬ ‫س‬
‫א‬ ‫–‬ ‫א‪Ø‬‬
‫‪@ @Z@ò€€€ß‡Ôß‬‬
‫و‬ ‫ض א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬
‫א د‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ص א و‬ ‫‪K‬و و ‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬
‫دאم‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫‪E13F (1997) Hill Scharff Ù K‬‬ ‫א د א و‬
‫אن ‪Ù‬א‪ª‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ K‬و ذא‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫د‬
‫ن ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫א ‬ ‫א א‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪Ù‬א‪ ª‬א אن‬ ‫دא‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א א‪ ú‬א‬ ‫א و‬ ‫و‬
‫א‬ ‫ص א و‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אن‬
‫א ز ق وא ن ذ‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אن א ‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫نא ‬ ‫א ‪K‬‬ ‫‪ Ù‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪Ø‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫و א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א نא ز قא‬ ‫א‬
‫دא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א و א ز ق ‪ KE13F‬وא‬
‫א א א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و א‬ ‫ ‪ª‬א‬
‫אم و‪ × ú‬و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪KÙ‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫دא‬
‫‪KE18F E16F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫¯‬ ‫ً‬
‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ª‬و א א‬ ‫א‬
‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אد א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫و א‬ ‫‪ [On LineY‬و ‪ [Off LineY‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫وא א א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א אز‬
‫‪Kª‬‬ ‫وو ‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬و‬ ‫ص وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬
‫א ل م‬ ‫א و‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫دא‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬
‫ص‬ ‫×א‬ ‫א‪ ª‬א‬ ‫دא‪ª‬‬ ‫‪E22F (2001) Powell‬‬
‫و‬ ‫ص‬ ‫‪ Ù ª‬وא א א‬ ‫د و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫אم אع‬ ‫و ‪ W‬م א אط א‬
‫‪Tillman‬‬ ‫‪Kª‬‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫صو‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫و א א‬ ‫وא‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫ذא‪ª‬‬ ‫لو‬ ‫אن ذא‪ª‬‬ ‫و א ج‬ ‫)7991( ‪E25F‬‬
‫א ‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ط‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫دא‪ª‬‬
‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫‪Ë‬א‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫٠١٤‬

5. ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א ‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ ª‬قא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ KE15F (2004) Hill and Hanna‬و‬ ‫د وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪Ø‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
‫אن‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫ل ‪Ù‬‬ ‫א ‪ Ë‬א‬ ‫א א ‪ª‬א‬ ‫د‬ ‫¯‬ ‫دא‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KE13F E23F‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫وو‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪@ @ZòŽaŠ‡Ûa@òÜØ“ß‬‬
‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א دא‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫و‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬و‬ ‫وو‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫ق دאل‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫ א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F J‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ق دאل و ‪ ª‬א‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫ א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬ ‫‪JE‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אد‬ ‫ א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ق دאل‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א א‬
‫‪@ @ZòŽaŠ‡Ûa@Òa‡çc‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ú‬א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫صא‬ ‫‪ J‬و ‪ª‬א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫‪@ @ZòŽaŠ‡Ûa@òîàçc‬‬
‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫س‬ ‫دא‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬و‬ ‫א وو‬ ‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‬ ‫د א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬
‫ص‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬
‫‬ ‫وא‬ ‫د و א ض א‬ ‫א دون‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א و‬
‫א א ع‪K‬‬ ‫א א ‪ª‬א‬ ‫وذ‬ ‫ل א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬
‫‪@ @ZòŽaŠ‡Ûa@†ë‡y‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫ود א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫و ‪W‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫–‬
‫دא ‪K‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫ز ‪K‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫א‪K‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‪K‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫١١٤‬ ‫٩-٠١‬ ‫‬ ‫א‪ Ø‬א‬

6. ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وو ‪ ª‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Kª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אن א‬ ‫‪ W‬وً‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫אن‬ ‫א‬ ‫و ‪Ë‬א‬
‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫دא‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ًא ‪ª‬א‬
‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫دא‬ ‫دא و‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫ز‬
‫א ‬ ‫א‬ ‫א د‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫وא א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Front page xp‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אم‬ ‫‪Ë‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫– ض א‬
‫‪KAdobe photoshop cs 0.9 me Javascript‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‪Ø‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫×א א‬ ‫7002/8002 م وذ‬ ‫مא‬ ‫א ول‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫لא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬
‫‪@ @ZòŽaŠ‡Ûa@pbzÜĐ—ß‬‬
‫‪W(Readability and Legibility) ª‬‬ ‫א وא‬ ‫א‬
‫?א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪Ù‬א‬ ‫‪?ª‬‬ ‫‪ ú‬א د و א‬ ‫?א ‪ Ø‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫سא‬ ‫د ? )5002 ,‪ KE20F (Poole‬و‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א و‪ ú‬وא‬
‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫‪ ª‬و‬ ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א و سو ‪ª‬א א‬ ‫א‪ª‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
‫)7891 ,‪KE21F (Mills Weldon‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪F‬ز א א ‪E‬‬ ‫سא‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪F ª‬د א א ‪E‬‬ ‫سא‬ ‫א ‪K‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K E 7F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪W(Preference‬‬ ‫א‬
‫وق‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫?א ط‬
‫م‬ ‫وق‬ ‫‪ K‬وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫د وא‬ ‫ط‬ ‫س‪ K‬א א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫وא‬
‫‪KE26F‬‬ ‫א × א‬
‫א א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و س‬
‫و ‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ W‬ز‬ ‫א‪ª‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא א‬
‫ص )‪:(Texts‬‬ ‫א‬
‫و ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪ª‬‬
‫א‬ ‫)‪(Pixels‬‬ ‫ط‬ ‫א‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫ص א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א ‪ú‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫٢١٤‬

7. ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א ‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ ª‬قא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪W(Instructional Web Page‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬
‫?‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫?‬ ‫‪(17) (1997) Khan‬‬
‫?‪K‬‬ ‫אص و د א‬ ‫‪? Hypermedia‬‬
‫‪WEConterstF‬‬ ‫א‬
‫م‬ ‫ن دא‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫‪KE13F (1997) Hill‬‬
‫ن )‪W(Color‬‬ ‫א‬
‫? ‪KE2F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪Ø‬‬ ‫سא‬ ‫?א‬
‫‪@ @ZòÔibÛa@pbŽaŠ‡Ûaë@ô‹ÄäÛa@Šb€⁄a‬‬
‫‪Wª‬‬ ‫א وא‬ ‫א‬
‫نא‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬
‫‪E18F Lim Ù‬‬
‫א‬ ‫ذא ‪Í‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز د א‬ ‫‪ ª‬د‬ ‫وא‬ ‫و ‪ª‬א‬ ‫و نא‬
‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و אن ‬ ‫אم אن‬ ‫א‬
‫אع‪K‬‬ ‫‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫?‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ E12F Hoselitz ú‬א‬
‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א ‪Ù‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫د و‬ ‫و‪ú‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬و لא‬ ‫א‬
‫ض ?‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫¯‬ ‫و‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫?‬ ‫‪ (2005) Ling van Schaik ú‬א‬
‫ن وא‬ ‫س‪ W‬א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫م ?‪ K‬م א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ص وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫ذא‬ ‫א ضא‬ ‫و‬ ‫وא‬
‫‪KE20F (1996) Nygren‬‬ ‫ع‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز א‬
‫‪Wª‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫سא‬ ‫ق‬
‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪E21F (1987) Mills Weldon‬‬
‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ن‬ ‫‪K‬و‬ ‫وو‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ل ذ א ن א‬ ‫א و‪Kú‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪ Ù ª‬وא‬ ‫و‪ ú‬و‬ ‫ول א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫سא‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫א ‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ود‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬
‫‪(2006) Chaparro, Shaikh Chaparro‬‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫سא‬ ‫א و‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫א ‪ú‬‬ ‫دوא‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض و‪ú‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E11F‬‬
‫٣١٤‬ ‫٩-٠١‬ ‫‬ ‫א‪ Ø‬א‬

8. ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وو ‪ ª‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫אع‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫‪ú‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫طא‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬ ‫א و‪ú‬‬ ‫لא ‪ú‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫سو‬ ‫‪ (1963) Tinker‬ن‬
‫‪KE11F‬‬ ‫א و‪ú‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫ً‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א و‪ú‬‬ ‫و ً‬ ‫‪F‬א‪ E Ò‬א‬ ‫نא‬
‫و‬ ‫א و‪ú‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫لא‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬
‫א و‪ú‬‬ ‫א ض و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ض ‪K‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫‪KE9F‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫ل א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫وא‬
‫ن‬ ‫.‪E8F (2001) Bernard et al‬‬ ‫‪ ª‬وא א‬ ‫سא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Ë‬‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫دא‬ ‫א ‪ J‬و‪Í‬‬ ‫‪Ë‬و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ق‬ ‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ J‬و‪Ë‬‬ ‫א‬
‫و‪Ë‬‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪˪‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬و‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫دوא‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Í ª‬‬ ‫سא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫‪Ù Ë‬‬ ‫–א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪ú‬א‬ ‫‪ E‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬א‬ ‫لא‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫و ‪ª‬א א‬
‫א ل‬ ‫א ‪K‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬ ‫003‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א 001 و‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫57‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذא א‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬و‬ ‫‪E0.33F‬‬ ‫د‬
‫ن א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ KE0.25F‬و א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ند‬
‫‪KE8F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫ً‬ ‫א‬
‫ن‪W‬‬ ‫¯‬ ‫א‬ ‫سא‬
‫‪ª‬ز‬ ‫نو‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫سא‬ ‫א و‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫)7891 ,‪KE21F (MillsWeldon‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫س ذא‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫و‬ ‫دא‬ ‫و سز‬ ‫א‬ ‫ د‬ ‫لא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫)9991 ,‪KE14F (Hill Scharff‬‬ ‫س‬
‫ن‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫و‬ ‫و ج‬ ‫‬ ‫¯‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Fª‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‪ Ù‬و )5002 ,‪ WE20F ELing van Schaik‬ع א‬ ‫ز‬
‫‪Í‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫‪ E‬وא ن‬ ‫و ×א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫٤١٤‬

9. ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א ‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ ª‬قא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫صو‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ú‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫אن‬ ‫אم‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫ د‬ ‫א‬ ‫صو‬ ‫و ‪ª‬א‬
‫ن‪W‬‬ ‫א‬
‫)‪(Achromatic‬‬ ‫ن )‪ (Chromatic‬و‬ ‫אن‬ ‫א‬
‫אص‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ود‬ ‫א ن وא‬ ‫א ول‬ ‫א‬
‫‪WE 4F‬‬ ‫ض א‬ ‫א نو‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬
‫نא‬ ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ ‫و ‪ Ú Ù‬א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ن‪ W‬א‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫زق‬ ‫جא ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫وא وא ز ق و‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א نא‬
‫‪Ë‬‬ ‫نא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א نא‬ ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‪WE‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن ‪F‬د‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫د‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א نא‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫‪K‬و‬ ‫א ن وא‬ ‫و‬
‫א ن‪K‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א ن‪ Ù W‬א ‪Ø‬א‪ ª‬א ن و א‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫א‬ ‫نא א‬ ‫א ل א‬ ‫ذא ن‬ ‫ن ن‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א نא א ‪Ë‬‬
‫אن‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪WE3F‬‬ ‫אن و‬ ‫א‬ ‫¯‬
‫ن‬ ‫אن‬ ‫א‬ ‫دא‬ ‫)‪ :(Complementary‬א‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא دא א א‬
‫ن א‬ ‫אن‬ ‫א‬ ‫دא‬ ‫ن د‬ ‫)‪ :(Clash‬א‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫زق‬ ‫אن‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ Û‬ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫و‬
‫א ‬ ‫אن‬ ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ ‫‪ J‬א אن א و )‪ :(Analogous‬א‬
‫א‪K Ò‬‬ ‫وא ×‬ ‫وא ×‬
‫‪Ù‬د‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫د )‪ :(Monochromatic‬א‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬
‫وא א ‪K‬‬ ‫א نא א‬
‫אن‬ ‫א‬ ‫دא‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫אن‬ ‫)‪ :(Triads‬א‬ ‫‪ J‬א אن א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫وא ×‬ ‫א وא ز ق وא‬
‫אن‪W‬‬ ‫ل‬ ‫אم א‬ ‫א‬
‫وذ‬ ‫نא‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ص א‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫אא و‬ ‫صو‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫و‬
‫٥١٤‬ ‫٩-٠١‬ ‫‬ ‫א‪ Ø‬א‬

10. ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وو ‪ ª‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‪Ò‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א×‬ ‫אن א א‬ ‫א ل א‬
‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ذ‬ ‫وא ط و‬
‫ص‬ ‫نא‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل א‬ ‫א אن‬ ‫אم‬ ‫א‬
‫אزن‬ ‫א‬ ‫א وא ز ق وא‬ ‫אم א אن א‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪KÙ‬‬
‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫אم א אن א‬ ‫‪ Kª‬وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א و‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Ù‬א‬ ‫و‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‬
‫ود ‪KE18F‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫א אن و ن א‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫د س ‪Ù E13F (1997) Hill Scharff‬‬
‫ط‬ ‫א‬ ‫אع‬ ‫‪E‬و‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫د‪L‬‬ ‫د‪ L‬د‬ ‫‪ L‬زق ‪L‬‬ ‫زق‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪ F‬د و‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‪ (Arial, Courier New, Times New Roman‬و‬
‫نא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫نא‬ ‫و د ‪Ù‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪K‬و و‬ ‫ص א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ذو א ن א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫ذو א ن א د‬
‫א ‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‬ ‫ن نא‬
‫‪ ª‬نא‬ ‫ع نא‬ ‫‪E14F (1999) Hill Scharff‬‬
‫‪K‬و‬ ‫و د و‬ ‫‪ª‬ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ د‬ ‫א‬
‫دא‬ ‫نز‬ ‫א دא ‪ K‬و‬ ‫א زق‬ ‫د وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫و د‬
‫א ‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫ً‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪ Ù E24F (2000) Shieh Lin‬א‬ ‫ن‬
‫א‪Ò‬‬ ‫‪ CRT‬وא‬ ‫‪LCD‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫دא‬ ‫אن‬ ‫א‬
‫א ز ق وא‬ ‫د‪ª‬‬ ‫א دא‬ ‫‪ ª‬א אن א ‪ Ù‬א ×‬ ‫ن‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫‬ ‫دא و‬ ‫א وא ‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‪ª‬‬ ‫دא و‬
‫ن‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א ‪K‬وو‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א ق‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א دא‬
‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫د س ‪ Ù E19F (2002) Ling van Schaik‬ن א‬
‫אن א‬ ‫د‬ ‫ط‬ ‫‪ú‬و‬ ‫وذ‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪K‬و و‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫عو‬ ‫وא א‬ ‫و‬ ‫نא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
‫د‪L‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫.‪Ù E10F (2003) Bix et al‬‬ ‫د‬
‫و ‪ª‬א‬ ‫د‪E L‬‬ ‫‪ L‬‬ ‫‪ L‬ز ق ز ق‪L‬‬ ‫ز ق‪L‬‬
‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪K‬و‬ ‫و א‬
‫91‬ ‫אو‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א א א ‪Û‬‬ ‫ًو א‬ ‫א א و‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ ª‬א אن א א‬ ‫א א ‪Ë‬‬ ‫‪K‬و‬ ‫× 07‬
‫ًو‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א و و‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ª‬‬
‫ن א ‪ Ù‬ن‪K‬‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫٦١٤‬

11. ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א ‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ ª‬قא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪Ù E15F (2004) Hill Hanna‬‬ ‫دس‬
‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‪E‬‬ ‫ز ق دא ‪L‬‬ ‫‪ L‬ز ق دא‬ ‫‪ L‬د زق‬ ‫د‪L‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬
‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ª‬و ‪ª‬א א ‪K‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫א ‪K‬‬ ‫ز د א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫×‬ ‫ن א אن א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪K‬و‬ ‫و‬
‫א ن א ز ق وא אن ذא‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫و ن א אن א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‪Í‬‬
‫א‪ ª‬א د‬ ‫א و‬ ‫و ‪ª‬א‬ ‫א د א‬ ‫א‪ª‬‬ ‫د‪ª‬‬ ‫א ن‬
‫‪ª‬א א ‪K‬‬ ‫ذא‪ ª‬د‬ ‫א‬
‫‪@ @ZòŽaŠ‡Ûa@ë‹Ï‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א ‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫وض א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ق دאل‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫א א ‪K‬‬ ‫אد‬ ‫ א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F J‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ق دאل‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫א ‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫ א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪ ª Ó‬א‬ ‫‪JE‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ق دאل‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫א א ‪K‬‬
‫‪@ @Zémaõa‹ugë@òŽaŠ‡Ûa@wèäß‬‬
‫نא‬ ‫س‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫م א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ود‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ Jª‬א‬ ‫وو‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ق‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪ J‬א‬ ‫وא‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫صא‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫و‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א ‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‬ ‫وذ‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫אא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א א‬ ‫وא ‪ú‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫وع א א ‪ª‬‬ ‫א ‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪Ù‬א‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א א‪ª‬‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ E 2F‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫‪@ @ZòŽaŠ‡Ûa@òäîÇ‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫و‬ ‫)61(‬ ‫¯‬ ‫א‬
‫ع‬ ‫א א‬ ‫نא ‪Ø‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ ون א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬
‫‪@ @Zòîjí‹vnÛa@ò§bȾa@ñ†bß‬‬
‫‪Javascript Adobe photoshop cs 0.9 me‬‬ ‫אم א‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪Ë‬‬
‫و‬ ‫אم א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ª‬و‬ ‫ن )8(‬ ‫‪KMicrosoft FrontPage XP‬‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫אم‬ ‫‪ËK‬א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫و)6(‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬
‫ز‬ ‫دא‬ ‫د‬ ‫א אن و ‪W‬‬
‫٧١٤‬ ‫٩-٠١‬ ‫‬ ‫א‪ Ø‬א‬

12. ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وو ‪ ª‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪K‬و‬ ‫‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪RGB‬‬
‫- א ‪(0) B (0) G (56797) R‬‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫- א ز ق ‪F B (0) G (0) R‬‬
‫‪(0) B (65535) G (65535) R‬‬ ‫- א‬
‫‪(0) B (34952) G (0) R‬‬ ‫- א‬
‫د ‪(0) B (0) G (0) R‬‬ ‫- א‬
‫‪(65535) B (65535) G (65535) R‬‬ ‫- א‬
‫?‬ ‫?‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪?ª‬‬ ‫ص א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‪Ë‬‬
‫ن‬ ‫د ‪ K‬و‪Ë‬‬ ‫ن א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Í‬‬ ‫ ? )5( א‬
‫61‬ ‫‪Simplified Arabic‬‬ ‫‪ E‬و ن عא‬ ‫346‬ ‫א ل‪F‬‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫7002‪ E6F E‬א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪F‬و‬ ‫دא‬ ‫و‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫صא‬ ‫وא א א‬
‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ ون א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ë‬‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫و ‪ª‬א‬ ‫ضא‬ ‫دא‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫‪Ë‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬
‫6‬ ‫ضא ‪Ø‬‬ ‫‪Windows XP‬‬ ‫‪ Pentium II‬م‬ ‫אم‬ ‫‪Ë‬א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫4201‪768C‬‬ ‫و ‪ª‬א‬ ‫ود‬ ‫س 41‬
‫‪@ @Zòi‹vnÛa@ÕîjĐm@paõa‹ug‬‬
‫‪K‬و‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫¯ دא‬ ‫א زא‬ ‫אم‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אم‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ن א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫و د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ K‬و‪Ë‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫אא‬ ‫‪K‬و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫)31(‬ ‫ن وא‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪Ù‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫א ‪ J‬و‪Ë‬‬ ‫‪Ë‬א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫دא‬ ‫א ‪ J‬و‪Í‬‬ ‫‪Ë‬و‬
‫א‬ ‫قא‬ ‫‪Ù‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א ل‪? W‬א א ? ‪ Ë‬א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬
‫ل? ‪Ë‬‬ ‫? ?‬ ‫א ?א ×א‬ ‫א ? ‪Ù‬א‪? ?ª‬א ×א ? ‪ Ë‬א‬ ‫א ? ? ‪Ù‬א‪ Ë ?ª‬א‬ ‫?א‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫دوא‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫? و‪Ë‬‬ ‫א ?א‬ ‫א ? ل? ?א ‪ Ë ?Ù‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫وא‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن ن ن א‬ ‫وذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ذ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ K‬و א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫٨١٤‬

13. ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א ‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ ª‬قא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫د א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Home‬‬
‫ود‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬د‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ K‬و‪Ë‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ع‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫ن ‪ Ø‬א א‬ ‫و ‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪Kú‬‬ ‫אم‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‪ K‬و‪ Ë‬س א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪F ª‬د א א ‪Ë E‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫وא א א‬ ‫و ‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪ Wª‬ز‬
‫‪@ @ZòŽaŠ‡Ûa@wöbnã‬‬
‫‪K‬א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫)‪ (SPSS‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫نא‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن )‪(Friedman Test‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ K‬و‪Ë‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א وو ‪ ª‬و‬ ‫وא‬
‫?‪K‬‬ ‫?و‬ ‫אم א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬
‫ول )1(‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ً‪ K‬و‬ ‫‪Ë‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫)61(‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא א‪ ú‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א ‪K‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬
‫ول )1(‬
‫א‬ ‫א ‪E‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪F‬ز‬ ‫وא א‪ ú‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬אن א‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬ ‫و‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫ًو‬ ‫‪F‬ن ‪16 Z‬‬
‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬
‫67.‬ ‫61.6‬ ‫د‬
‫96.‬ ‫90.5‬ ‫دא‬
‫17.‬ ‫54.5‬ ‫ز‬
‫37.‬ ‫97.5‬ ‫ز‬
‫18.‬ ‫67.5‬ ‫א‬
‫88.‬ ‫94.6‬ ‫א‬ ‫‬
‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫و ‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ول א‬ ‫א‬
‫دא ‪F‬م ‪ E5.09 Z‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وא‬
‫א ‬ ‫‪ ª‬א אن و ن ×‬ ‫ع‬ ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א‬
‫א א ‪K‬‬ ‫א نא‬ ‫א ‪F‬م ‪ E6.49 Z‬‬
‫٩١٤‬ ‫٩-٠١‬ ‫‬ ‫א‪ Ø‬א‬

14. ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وو ‪ ª‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪W‬‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א ول א‬ ‫ضא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ ª‬א‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن )‪(Friedman Test‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫ضא‬ ‫א‬ ‫ول )2(‬ ‫א‬
‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ق دאل‬ ‫?‬
‫?‬ ‫א א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫ א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬
‫ول )2(‬
‫א‬ ‫א ‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪F‬ز‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬אن א‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬ ‫و‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫ًو‬ ‫‪F‬ن ‪16 Z‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫د‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬
‫79.4‬ ‫د‬
‫91.1‬ ‫دא‬
‫31.2‬ ‫ز‬
‫10.0‬ ‫57.16‬ ‫5‬
‫57.3‬ ‫ز‬
‫74.3‬ ‫א‬
‫05.5‬ ‫א‬ ‫‬
‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫و ‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E F‬‬ ‫ول )2( ن‬
‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬אن א‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬ ‫و د‬ ‫)10.0( ‬ ‫57.16 و دא‬ ‫وא‬
‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א و ‪Ó‬‬ ‫אد א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א وق א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪ K‬و ول )3(‬ ‫א‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫وא‬
‫ول )3(‬
‫‪ ª‬א وق א אد‬ ‫)‪ (Z‬א‬
‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬אن א‬ ‫א و ‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‬ ‫د‬
‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬ ‫دא‬
‫53.1-‬ ‫*84.2-‬ ‫**37.2-‬ ‫**63.3-‬ ‫**74.3-‬ ‫د‬
‫**26.3-‬ ‫**25.3-‬ ‫**25.3-‬ ‫**61.3-‬ ‫دא‬
‫**25.3-‬ ‫**42.3-‬ ‫**63.3-‬ ‫ز‬
‫**74.3-‬ ‫62.-‬ ‫ز‬
‫**25.3-‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‬
‫)10.0(‪K‬‬ ‫‪ GG‬دאل‬ ‫)50.0(‪K‬‬ ‫‪ G‬دאل‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫٠٢٤‬

15. ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א ‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ ª‬قא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫وق‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א د ن א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ول )3( א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Õ‬א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬אن א‬ ‫א و ‪Ó‬‬ ‫א אد א‬
‫א و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א و‬ ‫دא‬
‫א‬ ‫و د ق دאل‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز ‪ K‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ل א ض‪K‬‬ ‫א א ‪K‬و‬ ‫אد‬
‫‪Wª‬‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ضא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬ ‫‪ª‬و‬ ‫وא א‪ ú‬א‬ ‫ض ول )4( א‬
‫א א ‪W‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬
‫ول )4(‬
‫א‬ ‫‪F ª‬د א א ‪ E‬א‬ ‫وא א‪ ú‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬אن א‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬ ‫و‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫ًو‬ ‫‪F‬ن ‪16 Z‬‬
‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬
‫17.1‬ ‫88.9‬ ‫د‬
‫21.2‬ ‫96.8‬ ‫دא‬
‫96.1‬ ‫57.01‬ ‫ز‬
‫03.1‬ ‫96.11‬ ‫ز‬
‫95.1‬ ‫88.8‬ ‫א‬
‫81.1‬ ‫52.01‬ ‫א‬ ‫‬
‫ن‬ ‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫ن ×‬ ‫ول א‬ ‫א‬
‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز ‪F‬م ‪ E11.69 Z‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ً‪K‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א‬ ‫دא ‪F‬م ‪ E8.69 Z‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ ª‬א‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن )‪(Friedman Test‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫ضא‬ ‫א‬ ‫ول )5(‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F J‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ق دאل‬ ‫?‬
‫?‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫ א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬ ‫‪JE‬‬ ‫א‬
‫١٢٤‬ ‫٩-٠١‬ ‫‬ ‫א‪ Ø‬א‬

16. ‫وא‬ ‫نא‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‬ ‫صא‬ ‫א‬ ‫وو ‪ ª‬و‬ ‫א‬
‫ول )5(‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F ª‬د א א ‪ E‬א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫ًو‬ ‫א א ‪F‬ن ‪16 Z‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫د‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬
‫14.3‬ ‫د‬
‫31.2‬ ‫دא‬
‫44.4‬ ‫ز‬
‫10.0‬ ‫69.73‬ ‫5‬
‫52.5‬ ‫ز‬
‫31.2‬ ‫א‬
‫66.3‬ ‫א‬ ‫‬
‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫و ‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪E F‬‬ ‫ول )5( ن‬
‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬אن א‬ ‫و د ‪Ó‬‬ ‫)10.0( ‬ ‫69.73 و دא‬ ‫وא‬
‫‪ ª‬و ‪ ª Ó‬א אن‪K‬‬ ‫‪ ª‬א وق א אد א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ Kª‬و ول )6(‬ ‫א‬
‫ول )6(‬
‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬ ‫‪ª‬و‬ ‫אد א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وق‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫)‪ (Z‬א‬
‫‬ ‫د‬
‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬ ‫دא‬
‫د‬
‫27.-‬ ‫*73.2-‬ ‫**58.2-‬ ‫59.1-‬ ‫*60.2-‬
‫**55.2-‬ ‫44.-‬ ‫**34.3-‬ ‫**51.3-‬
‫دא‬
‫76.-‬ ‫**87.2-‬ ‫*70.2-‬
‫ز‬
‫**69.2-‬ ‫**63.3-‬
‫ز‬
‫*92.2-‬
‫א‬
‫‬
‫א‬
‫)10.0(‪K‬‬ ‫)50.0(‪ GG K‬دאل‬ ‫‪ G‬دאل‬
‫‪ ª‬א وق‬ ‫א د ن א‬ ‫א ‪ ª‬א‬ ‫ول )6( א‬
‫ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Õ‬א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬و ‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬
‫و‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‪ ª‬אن א‬ ‫و ‪ª‬‬ ‫א ×‬ ‫ذو א‬ ‫א و‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫ز ‪ K‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ً و‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫٢٢٤‬

17. ‫‪E‬‬ ‫א ‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א ‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ ª‬قא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F J‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ق دאل‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬
‫א ‪K‬و‬ ‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫ א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬ ‫‪JE‬‬
‫ض‪K‬‬ ‫لא‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ضא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫وא‬ ‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫وא א‪ ú‬א‬ ‫ض ول )7( א‬
‫א א ‪W‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬
‫אن‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫و ‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא א‪ ú‬א‬ ‫ض א‬ ‫ول )7(‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫ًو‬ ‫‪F‬ن ‪16 Z‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬
‫25.‬ ‫05.2‬ ‫د‬
‫36.‬ ‫65.1‬ ‫دא‬
‫26.‬ ‫83.1‬ ‫ز‬
‫05.‬ ‫88.1‬ ‫ز‬
‫00.‬ ‫00.1‬ ‫א‬
‫52.‬ ‫60.1‬ ‫א‬ ‫‬
‫אن א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪Ó‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫×‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ول א‬ ‫א‬
‫ً‬ ‫نא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪F‬م ‪ E2.50 Z‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وא‬
‫ن‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ‪F‬م ‪ E1.00 Z‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ً‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ ª‬א‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن )‪(Friedman Test‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫ضא‬ ‫א‬ ‫ول )8(‬ ‫א‬
‫אد‬ ‫ א‬ ‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫‪ ú‬א‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ق دאل‬ ‫?‬
‫א ?‪K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אن‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫و ‪Ó‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ ª‬א‪Ø‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ول )8(‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫ًو‬ ‫‪F‬ن ‪16 Z‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
‫د ‪ª‬‬
‫‪ª‬א‬ ‫א‪Ó‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫05.5‬ ‫د‬
‫65.3‬ ‫دא‬
‫60.3‬ ‫ز‬
‫10.0‬ ‫40.05‬ ‫5‬
‫44.4‬ ‫ز‬
‫61.2‬ ‫א‬
‫82.2‬ ‫א‬ ‫‬
‫٣٢٤‬ ‫٩-٠١‬ ‫‬ ‫א‪ Ø‬א‬