This document provides a step-by-step tutorial for using Windows Live Movie Maker to create movies. It outlines the process for installing Windows Live Essentials, importing photos and videos, adding titles, captions and credits, applying animations and visual effects, including music, and saving the finished movie. The tutorial guides the user through all aspects of creating and editing a movie using the software's various tools and features.
This document provides a step-by-step tutorial for using Windows Live Movie Maker to create movies. It outlines the process for installing Windows Live Essentials, importing photos and videos, adding titles, captions and credits, applying animations and visual effects, including music, and saving the finished movie. The tutorial guides the user through all aspects of creating and editing a movie using the software's various tools and features.
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is known generally as the common fruit fly or vinegar fly. Starting with Charles W. Woodworth's proposal of the use of this species as a model organism, D. melanogaster continues to be widely used for biological research in studies of genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis, and life history evolution. It is typically used because it is an animal species that is easy to care for, has four pairs of chromosomes, breeds quickly, and lays many eggs.[2] D. melanogaster is a common pest in homes, restaurants, and other occupied places where food is served.[3]
Flies belonging to the family Tephritidae are also called "fruit flies". This can cause confusion, especially in Australia and South Africa, where the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is an economic pest.
This document summarizes research on delivering the Cas9 protein and guide RNA (gRNA) as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex for genome editing applications. The researchers developed a non-covalent delivery method for Cas9 RNPs using the cell-penetrating peptide PF14. They showed that PF14 could efficiently deliver Cas9 RNPs into human cells in culture, achieving genome editing rates of over 50% at low Cas9 concentrations without toxicity. The Cas9 RNP-PF14 complexes were stable during freeze-thawing, freeze-drying, and vacuum concentration. This work presents an efficient non-viral approach for Cas9 RNP delivery using a cell-penetrating peptide.
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic analogue of nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) with unique characteristics and several potential applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. This presentation is a slide format of an 2020 review article from Yale university scientists focused on genome editing application of PNA in votro, ex vivo and in vivo.
1) Biofilm reactors use microbial biofilms attached to surfaces to increase biomass density and productivity. This allows higher production rates and stability.
2) Biofilms can be grown on static media in fixed-bed reactors or on continuously moving media in expanded-bed reactors. Common configurations include submerged beds, trickling filters, and membrane biofilm reactors.
3) The support media must promote microbial adhesion while withstanding shear forces. Properties like surface charge, porosity and roughness affect adhesion. Polypropylene rings and tubes with embedded nutrients are effective supports.
Infliximab is a biosimilar of the monoclonal antibody Remicade. It is produced through recombinant DNA technology using Chinese hamster ovary cells and purified through a series of chromatography steps. Extensive testing was conducted to characterize the primary structure, higher order structure, impurities, variants, and glycosylation of infliximab to demonstrate its similarity to Remicade. Biological assays were also performed to show comparable biological activity between infliximab and Remicade. Overall, the document describes the manufacturing process and comprehensive analytical testing used to develop infliximab as a biosimilar of Remicade.
Expression of N-terminal seven amino acids peptide of fibrin (β–peptide) on...Aref Farokhi Fard
This document summarizes a research project on expressing the N-terminal seven amino acid peptide of fibrin (β-peptide) on the surface of M13KO7 phage. The goal is to develop a targeted drug delivery system for fibrinolytic drugs to treat vascular accidents like heart attacks and strokes. The β-peptide sequence was identified from the fibrinogen beta chain protein and used as the antigen. After cloning the β-peptide gene into the phage genome and transforming bacteria, recombinant phages were produced and the expression of the β-peptide on their surface was confirmed through PCR, sequencing and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. This targeted drug delivery system could help increase the efficiency of fibrinolytic drugs while reducing side effects like hemorrh
This document provides an overview of peptide nucleic acids (PNA), including their history, structure, properties, applications, and advantages over DNA and RNA. Some key points:
1. PNA was invented in 1991 as a synthetic DNA analogue where the phosphodiester backbone is replaced with a pseudopeptide backbone. This makes PNA more stable and allows it to bind more strongly to DNA/RNA.
2. PNA has a higher melting temperature when binding to DNA/RNA compared to DNA-DNA binding due to its uncharged backbone. It is also resistant to degradation by enzymes.
3. PNA can be used for applications like antisense therapy, molecular beacons, DNA microarrays
The document discusses severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. It notes that ADA deficiency accounts for 20% of SCID cases and is the most severe form, affecting both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Without treatment, ADA-deficient individuals die from infections within the first year of life. The most successful treatments are bone marrow transplantation or enzyme replacement therapy with polyethylene glycol-modified bovine ADA.
Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of tetanus vaccines Aref Farokhi Fard
The document provides terminology and manufacturing recommendations for tetanus vaccines. It defines key terms like master seed lot, working seed lot, seed lot, single harvest, bulk purified toxoid, final bulk, and final lot. It recommends good manufacturing practices be followed in production, processing, filling, storage and transport. Control tests are outlined to ensure identity, sterility, potency, innocuity, adjuvant content and other quality attributes at each stage of manufacturing and in the final product. Detailed definitions, testing methods, and international standards are referenced.
This document provides an overview of various isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, including:
1. TMA, NASBA, SMART, SDA, RCA, LAMP, and others that amplify nucleic acids under isothermal conditions to overcome limitations of PCR like high costs and contamination risks.
2. It describes several techniques in detail, explaining their mechanisms which involve primers, polymerases, and isothermal reactions to exponentially amplify target sequences.
3. The techniques have applications in research, medicine, forensics and more due to their simplicity, lower costs, and ability to be used at point-of-care without specialized equipment.
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is known generally as the common fruit fly or vinegar fly. Starting with Charles W. Woodworth's proposal of the use of this species as a model organism, D. melanogaster continues to be widely used for biological research in studies of genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis, and life history evolution. It is typically used because it is an animal species that is easy to care for, has four pairs of chromosomes, breeds quickly, and lays many eggs.[2] D. melanogaster is a common pest in homes, restaurants, and other occupied places where food is served.[3]
Flies belonging to the family Tephritidae are also called "fruit flies". This can cause confusion, especially in Australia and South Africa, where the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is an economic pest.
This document summarizes research on delivering the Cas9 protein and guide RNA (gRNA) as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex for genome editing applications. The researchers developed a non-covalent delivery method for Cas9 RNPs using the cell-penetrating peptide PF14. They showed that PF14 could efficiently deliver Cas9 RNPs into human cells in culture, achieving genome editing rates of over 50% at low Cas9 concentrations without toxicity. The Cas9 RNP-PF14 complexes were stable during freeze-thawing, freeze-drying, and vacuum concentration. This work presents an efficient non-viral approach for Cas9 RNP delivery using a cell-penetrating peptide.
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic analogue of nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) with unique characteristics and several potential applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. This presentation is a slide format of an 2020 review article from Yale university scientists focused on genome editing application of PNA in votro, ex vivo and in vivo.
1) Biofilm reactors use microbial biofilms attached to surfaces to increase biomass density and productivity. This allows higher production rates and stability.
2) Biofilms can be grown on static media in fixed-bed reactors or on continuously moving media in expanded-bed reactors. Common configurations include submerged beds, trickling filters, and membrane biofilm reactors.
3) The support media must promote microbial adhesion while withstanding shear forces. Properties like surface charge, porosity and roughness affect adhesion. Polypropylene rings and tubes with embedded nutrients are effective supports.
Infliximab is a biosimilar of the monoclonal antibody Remicade. It is produced through recombinant DNA technology using Chinese hamster ovary cells and purified through a series of chromatography steps. Extensive testing was conducted to characterize the primary structure, higher order structure, impurities, variants, and glycosylation of infliximab to demonstrate its similarity to Remicade. Biological assays were also performed to show comparable biological activity between infliximab and Remicade. Overall, the document describes the manufacturing process and comprehensive analytical testing used to develop infliximab as a biosimilar of Remicade.
Expression of N-terminal seven amino acids peptide of fibrin (β–peptide) on...Aref Farokhi Fard
This document summarizes a research project on expressing the N-terminal seven amino acid peptide of fibrin (β-peptide) on the surface of M13KO7 phage. The goal is to develop a targeted drug delivery system for fibrinolytic drugs to treat vascular accidents like heart attacks and strokes. The β-peptide sequence was identified from the fibrinogen beta chain protein and used as the antigen. After cloning the β-peptide gene into the phage genome and transforming bacteria, recombinant phages were produced and the expression of the β-peptide on their surface was confirmed through PCR, sequencing and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. This targeted drug delivery system could help increase the efficiency of fibrinolytic drugs while reducing side effects like hemorrh
This document provides an overview of peptide nucleic acids (PNA), including their history, structure, properties, applications, and advantages over DNA and RNA. Some key points:
1. PNA was invented in 1991 as a synthetic DNA analogue where the phosphodiester backbone is replaced with a pseudopeptide backbone. This makes PNA more stable and allows it to bind more strongly to DNA/RNA.
2. PNA has a higher melting temperature when binding to DNA/RNA compared to DNA-DNA binding due to its uncharged backbone. It is also resistant to degradation by enzymes.
3. PNA can be used for applications like antisense therapy, molecular beacons, DNA microarrays
The document discusses severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. It notes that ADA deficiency accounts for 20% of SCID cases and is the most severe form, affecting both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Without treatment, ADA-deficient individuals die from infections within the first year of life. The most successful treatments are bone marrow transplantation or enzyme replacement therapy with polyethylene glycol-modified bovine ADA.
Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of tetanus vaccines Aref Farokhi Fard
The document provides terminology and manufacturing recommendations for tetanus vaccines. It defines key terms like master seed lot, working seed lot, seed lot, single harvest, bulk purified toxoid, final bulk, and final lot. It recommends good manufacturing practices be followed in production, processing, filling, storage and transport. Control tests are outlined to ensure identity, sterility, potency, innocuity, adjuvant content and other quality attributes at each stage of manufacturing and in the final product. Detailed definitions, testing methods, and international standards are referenced.
This document provides an overview of various isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, including:
1. TMA, NASBA, SMART, SDA, RCA, LAMP, and others that amplify nucleic acids under isothermal conditions to overcome limitations of PCR like high costs and contamination risks.
2. It describes several techniques in detail, explaining their mechanisms which involve primers, polymerases, and isothermal reactions to exponentially amplify target sequences.
3. The techniques have applications in research, medicine, forensics and more due to their simplicity, lower costs, and ability to be used at point-of-care without specialized equipment.
15. كولسميد
• Colcemid is a microtubule-
depolymerizing drug.
• At very low concentration it
binds to microtubule plus end
to suppress microtubule
dynamics
• at higher concentration can
promote microtubule
detachment from microtubule
organizing center
سين ي كولش
•نوعياز مانع که است آلکالوئید
اینرفدرمتافاز از پس احلرم انجامد
میگردد زمیتو.
•بردنبيناز باسين ی کلش
تشکاز یجلوگير و لتوبوومیکریل
میکند عمل دوک.
16. ستوهارانجام شور
0.2 CC Colcemid + 10 CC Culture medium
45-120 minut in 37c
Centrifugation (800-500rpm and 8-10 minut)
5-7 cc KCL (0.075 M) 37c
15-20 minute in 37c
Centrifugation
Fixative(5-7 cc)
Centrifugation
32. Genetic Disorder
Down's Syndrome Turner's Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome Cri du Chat Syndrome
karyotype change 3 copies of chromosome
21
one X only for chromosome
23
XXY for chromosome 23 deleted part of
chromosome 5
How often does it
occur? 1 in 800 1 in 2000 1 in 750 1 in 50,000
Physical
Symptoms
mental retardation, eyes
slant upwards,
prone to heart
defects and
respiratory
problems.
normal female in childhood,
normal intelligence,
fails to fully undergo
puberty and will
remain infertile
male, normal in appearance
and intelligence, sterile,
may show some female
characteristics (breast
development, feminine
body shape)
distinctive cat-like cry in
babies, respiratory
problems,
shortened life
span is possible
Genetic Disorder
Triple X Syndrome Edward's Syndrome Patau Syndrome Trisomy 23
karyotype change XXX for chromosome 23 3 copies of chromosome 18 3 copies of chromosome 13 XYY for chromosome 23
How often does it
occur? 1 in 700 1 in 6,000 1 in 15,000 1 in 2,000
Physical
Symptoms
female with normal
intelligence and
appearance, may
be sterile
feeding and breathing
difficulties,
developmental delays,
deformation of head
and face, cardiac
defects, often results
in early death
mental retardation, cleft
palate, extra fingers and
toes, incomplete
development of internal
organs, often results in
early death
male with low mental
ability, normal in
appearance