الدكتور/ عصام منصور essamman@hotmail.com دكتوراه الفلسفة في علوم المكتبات و المعلومات، جامعة بيتسبرج، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية أستاذ المكتبات و المعلومات المساعد بقسم علوم المكتبات و المعلومات، كلية التربية الاساسية، الكويت

1. ‫اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼــﺪر ﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠـﻮﻣــﺎت‬
‫د. ﻋـﺼﺎم ﻣﻨﺼﻮر‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻮم اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎت واﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـــﺎت‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ، اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‬
:‫اﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  K
‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  K ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬F   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      W
،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬F       ،E  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ،E  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬
 K2007‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬   ،  ‫؛‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،     ،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K،‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،     ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،2‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
93

2. :‫اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
 ‫א‬، ، J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬
        ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬E‫א‬ ‫א‬F?‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬E2007،F?‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬
،Ewww.marsad.watan.comF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE2007،F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
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‫א‬    ، ‫א‬       ،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
F،E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ K2 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
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، ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ،EMySpace/FacebookF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،EWikiF ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،(RSS) ‫א‬ ،(PodcastingF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ EFlickrF ‫א‬ ‫א‬

      ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،(Second Life)
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Open ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Sources
 ،‫א‬،Huffaker (2004)  
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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3. :‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
 web log ‫א‬،blog‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
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Blog  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬ Blog ،KWeb logsWeblogs
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،‫א‬‫א‬     KServer’s log files ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ،Web log 
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،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ،‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Hill (2005)K‫א‬
??  ‫א‬ Merriam-Webster     ،‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 2004‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ABC   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫؛‬‫א‬
 ،  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K 2004  ?People of the Year?
،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬  
 >‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   
‫א‬‫؛‬Wijinia (2005F، KEWijinia, 2005F‫א‬
‫א‬>‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬ ‫א‬

     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬   
 ،Eentries ‫א‬F posts ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬L،

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE2007،F‫א‬‫א‬
95

4.  ، 

‫א‬‫א‬ ،،‫א‬ 
K(Fischter, 2004 & Herzog, 2005F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K(Richardson, 2004)
  ،    ،     ‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
KEBradley, 2002F‫א‬،
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
KEReichardt & Harder, 2005F
 ‫א‬   {‫א‬    ‫א‬   { 
{‫א‬{‫א‬{
{‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  {    ‫א‬  

KE2007،F‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 W،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K chronologically    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(2004) Vargas،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  K‫א‬       100000   ،     ‫א‬
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ F (2004) Xeni Jardin

Sifry    K         ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 57 ،2006  ،  Technorati ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    (2006b)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬٪ 55 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪ 8‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬

96

5. 4 J J‫א‬‫א‬،Spam Blogs (splogs)
 Sifry (2006a) K 57‫א‬ 7 ،٪
‫א‬‫א‬ Sifry (2006b)K ‫א‬‫؛‬ 

      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
:‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
 1997   ?weblog?  Jorn Barger  ،E2005F   
  ،1999   ?blog? ‫א‬ Peter Merholz   ،Robot Wisdom W
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?؛‬we blog?‫א‬?weblog?‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،   ،Dave Winer   ،Reichardt & Harder (2005) 
http://infor.cern.chW‫א‬1991TimBerners-Lee‫א‬
http://www.w3.org/History/1992103- W    ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬F

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،hypertext/hypertext/WWW/News/9201.html)
 K‫א‬
:‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
 ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
KBlogging Platforms Blog Software  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  

،E200820FYahoo‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬84‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Movable    ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ،Word Press Blogger   ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Kalpana (2007) K(Yahoo, 2008) TypePad Type
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
:‫ﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎت ﺑﺤﺚ اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J J‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
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6. ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬

     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،Daypop،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E40ZF 
، ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   KThe Daypop Top 40     ،‫א‬
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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KBlawgDetoldFeedster Blogdex
‫א‬   ،‫א‬    K    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KGlob of BlogsEatonweb Portal
:‫ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ وﻣﺴﺎوئ اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫أوﻻ: ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ،      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Herzog, Tannahill & Zeises (2005)،EBauer, 2003F
  ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬   K  ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬   K   ‫א‬      ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (2004) Pollard 
    ‫؛‬‫א‬   (2002) Long  K   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Richardson (2004)K
،EphotoblogsF ‫א‬  ،     ،   
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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7. :‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ: ﻣﺴﺎوئ اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬ Herzog, Tannahill & Zeises (2005)، 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ { 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
:‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،E2004F Nardi
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  
 ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬       K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W،‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫؛‬F ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬
K‫א‬
Kblogroll ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

:‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ، ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬،   ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K،

99

8. :‫أﻫﺪاف اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،   K ‫א‬    ،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫أﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬ K1
‫؟‬،L K2
‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬L K3
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
‫؟‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
‫؟‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ K6
 ‫؟‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L K9
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K10
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K11
:‫ﺣﺪود وﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
‫א‬‫א‬،2007‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
100

9. :‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
Blogs/Weblogs :‫اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
  ‫א‬   {‫א‬    ‫א‬   { 
‫א‬{‫א‬{‫א‬{
 ‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ 

KE2007،F‫א‬‫א‬
Digital Sources of Information :‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K(Reitz, 2000)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Focus Groups :‫اﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﺆرﻳﺔ أوﺟﻤﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
     ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،

 KEHartsook, 2006)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫اﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﲔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
‫א‬    E17 ZF ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    E5 ZF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Leitao &  Lindlof (1995) Krueger (1998)     K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
     K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Vergueiro (2000)
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
101

10.  1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬L‫א‬L‫א‬L‫א‬ 
 EF9  E،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 1
EF5 E،‫א‬‫א‬F 2
EHF2 E،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 3
EF1 E،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
EF1 E،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ 5
 EF1 E،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ 6
 EF1 E،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 7
 EF1  E،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬8
 EF1  E،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
 EF1  E،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬10
 EF1  E،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬11
 24  ‫א‬  
،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬L‫א‬L‫א‬L‫א‬   
9 ‫א‬‫א‬ 1  
5  2  
1 ‫א‬‫א‬ 3  
1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4  
1 ‫א‬ 5  
1 ‫א‬ 6  
1 ‫א‬‫א‬ 7
 
 1  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8
 
 1  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 
 1  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 10
 
 22  ‫א‬  
 
102

11. ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬FW6  ‫א‬    W،7  
E‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ 2  W4 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW5  ‫א‬  W2  E7F
E‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬W1
‫א‬‫א‬FW6  ‫א‬   W،7  
E‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬    W3  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬FW5  ‫א‬ 2  W1  E7F
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬  W1
 W1
 ‫א‬W1
 ‫א‬‫א‬FW8  ‫א‬   W،8  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ 2  W2  ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬  W2  E8F
‫א‬‫א‬FW3  ‫א‬  W2  
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬   W1

 ‫א‬W1
 ‫א‬11 530      
،EF    
 6  22  
W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
K180W1
K180W2
K170W3
103

12. :‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
:‫ُﺮق ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ﻃ‬
‫א‬ 2007‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E2007‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  L    ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،
 K ‫א‬ ‫א‬          L 
 ‫א‬   ،snowball ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬

Polit & Hunger   K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1996)

  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 
،Gruppetta (2005) K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
   ‫א‬        ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬،
Blacktop    K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬         
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ (1996)
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Focus Group
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ،homogenous sample ‫א‬     ،‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫؛‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬(2007) BarnettK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬     ،heterogeneous sample ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 WFocus Group‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
،‫א‬،‫א‬،Focus Groups‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،،
qualitative research ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ method
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
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13. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Patton (1990)،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬     K‫א‬   ، ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Leitao & Vergueiro (2000)
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
:‫ﺣﻮار وأﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،      ، ‫א‬   ،
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Gibbs (1997)‫א‬،،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،  ،E‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،
،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K
:‫اﳉﺰء اﻷول‬
‫؟‬‫א‬ K1
‫؟‬،L K2
‫؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬L K3
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
‫؟‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
‫؟‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ K6
 
 
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