The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
T-Series is an Indian music label and film production company that accounts for 75% of the Indian music market. It has a massive production capacity of 270 million units per year. T-Series has broken monopolies in the Indian music industry and led the revolution in high quality, large volume audio products. It has a large library of over 4000 music videos and 50,000 audio albums, as well as the largest distribution network in India.
The document describes several residential and commercial building projects designed by Spanish architect Oscar Fernández-Aguayo between 2006-2012, including apartments, houses, garages and a winery. The projects range in size from 15 to 88 housing units and budgets between 1.1 to 7.5 million euros. The projects progressed from concept design through construction and are located in Guadalajara and Madrid, Spain.
Impact of foreign direct investment in retail in copySameer Chandel
The document discusses foreign direct investment in India's retail sector. It notes that India's retail market is estimated to be $450 billion and organized retail currently makes up only 4% of the sector. Allowing foreign direct investment could generate jobs but may negatively impact small retailers and farmers. The future of India's traders will depend on how well they can compete with large retail chains entering the market.
This document discusses the transition of pharmacy education and practice in Ethiopia from a product-focused model to a more patient-centered clinical model. It outlines the drawbacks of the old education system which focused more on products than patients. Initiatives are described that have been implemented to shift the curriculum, including revisions in 2008 to incorporate more clinical pharmacy courses. The goals of the new curriculum are to train pharmacists in identifying and solving drug therapy problems, educating patients, selecting effective therapies, and monitoring drug therapy outcomes. Hospitals have provided positive feedback on clinical pharmacy services. Future directions may include training all pharmacists in the old curriculum with clinical services and potentially launching a PharmD program.
The document summarizes chronic leukemias, focusing on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). CML results from a genetic abnormality that fuses the BCR and ABL genes, producing the Philadelphia chromosome. This leads to excessive proliferation of white blood cells. CML progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis phases if left untreated. Treatment options include stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy like imatinib, and supportive care. Imatinib induces remission in most chronic phase CML patients but does not cure the disease.
Viral Hepatitis can be either acute or chronic. Acute Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes inflammation of the liver that is usually self-limiting and does not result in chronic infection. It is commonly spread through the fecal-oral route or contaminated food/water. Clinical presentation involves nonspecific symptoms initially, followed by jaundice. Treatment is supportive and recovery is expected within 1-2 months.
This document discusses the evolution of pharmacy education and practice in Ethiopia. It describes how the traditional curriculum focused more on products than patients, lacking clinical training. Reforms were implemented in 2008 to make the curriculum more patient-centered, with additional clinical pharmacy courses and master's programs. This shift was needed to address Ethiopia's disease burden and meet global pharmacy standards. The new curriculum focuses on applying drug therapy clinically and monitoring treatment. Pharmacists trained this way are now recognized members of healthcare teams. While challenges remain, future plans include training all pharmacists clinically and potentially launching a PharmD program.
The document provides an overview of chronic leukemias, focusing on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It defines CML and describes its epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. CML results from a genetic abnormality that fuses the BCR and ABL genes. It progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis phases if left untreated. Treatment options include stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib, and management of symptoms.
The document discusses methods of pharmacoeconomic evaluation, specifically cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). It provides definitions and outlines the main steps in conducting a CEA: [1] framing the problem and identifying baseline and alternative interventions, [2] selecting outcome measures, [3] identifying relevant costs, [4] constructing a decision model, [5] analyzing and interpreting results including calculating cost-effectiveness ratios, and [6] conducting sensitivity analysis and presenting results. Key points include that CEA measures cost in monetary units and outcomes in natural units like life years saved.
pharmacy practice and scope in Ethiopia: An over viewMohammed Mohammed
This document provides an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice. It discusses how clinical pharmacy has evolved globally to focus on patient care rather than just dispensing medications. It notes that while clinical pharmacy services have been implemented well in developed countries, practice in Africa still focuses more on traditional dispensing due to various challenges. The document argues that Ethiopia should shift pharmacy practice and education towards a clinical model to optimize patient outcomes and rational medication use, given issues seen in studies like high rates of drug therapy problems and prescribing errors. Implementing clinical pharmacy services could help address gaps and improve health outcomes, quality of life and cost-effectiveness.
Based on the information provided:
- Mrs. Tigist's drug-related need is for effective treatment of her depression
- Recommending an OTC sleep aid would not meet this need and could potentially cause harm
- The appropriate action would be to advise Mrs. Tigist that her symptoms suggest she may be depressed and recommend she see her physician for evaluation and treatment
This document provides an overview of cost-utility analysis (CUA) as a form of pharmacoeconomic evaluation. It defines CUA and distinguishes it from cost-effectiveness analysis by noting that CUA compares outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The document discusses how QALYs combine both survival time and health-related quality of life into a single metric. It also describes approaches to measuring health utility values and calculating QALYs. Finally, the document provides examples of when CUA would and would not be appropriate to use and outlines factors like incremental cost-utility ratios used to interpret CUA results.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for using email for beginners. It outlines 11 steps: 1) Go to the Google home page and search for Gmail; 2) Create a Gmail account if one does not already exist; 3) Compose emails by clicking "Compose mail" and entering recipients, subject, and message; 4) Check spelling and use the thesaurus; 5) Attach files; 6) Send emails by clicking "Send"; 7) Sign out of the Gmail account when finished.
The document provides instructions for advanced email functions including how to use Cc and Bcc, add email contacts, delete messages, reset a password, set sound alerts for new emails, and organize emails into folders.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
T-Series is an Indian music label and film production company that accounts for 75% of the Indian music market. It has a massive production capacity of 270 million units per year. T-Series has broken monopolies in the Indian music industry and led the revolution in high quality, large volume audio products. It has a large library of over 4000 music videos and 50,000 audio albums, as well as the largest distribution network in India.
The document describes several residential and commercial building projects designed by Spanish architect Oscar Fernández-Aguayo between 2006-2012, including apartments, houses, garages and a winery. The projects range in size from 15 to 88 housing units and budgets between 1.1 to 7.5 million euros. The projects progressed from concept design through construction and are located in Guadalajara and Madrid, Spain.
Impact of foreign direct investment in retail in copySameer Chandel
The document discusses foreign direct investment in India's retail sector. It notes that India's retail market is estimated to be $450 billion and organized retail currently makes up only 4% of the sector. Allowing foreign direct investment could generate jobs but may negatively impact small retailers and farmers. The future of India's traders will depend on how well they can compete with large retail chains entering the market.
This document discusses the transition of pharmacy education and practice in Ethiopia from a product-focused model to a more patient-centered clinical model. It outlines the drawbacks of the old education system which focused more on products than patients. Initiatives are described that have been implemented to shift the curriculum, including revisions in 2008 to incorporate more clinical pharmacy courses. The goals of the new curriculum are to train pharmacists in identifying and solving drug therapy problems, educating patients, selecting effective therapies, and monitoring drug therapy outcomes. Hospitals have provided positive feedback on clinical pharmacy services. Future directions may include training all pharmacists in the old curriculum with clinical services and potentially launching a PharmD program.
The document summarizes chronic leukemias, focusing on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). CML results from a genetic abnormality that fuses the BCR and ABL genes, producing the Philadelphia chromosome. This leads to excessive proliferation of white blood cells. CML progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis phases if left untreated. Treatment options include stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy like imatinib, and supportive care. Imatinib induces remission in most chronic phase CML patients but does not cure the disease.
Viral Hepatitis can be either acute or chronic. Acute Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes inflammation of the liver that is usually self-limiting and does not result in chronic infection. It is commonly spread through the fecal-oral route or contaminated food/water. Clinical presentation involves nonspecific symptoms initially, followed by jaundice. Treatment is supportive and recovery is expected within 1-2 months.
This document discusses the evolution of pharmacy education and practice in Ethiopia. It describes how the traditional curriculum focused more on products than patients, lacking clinical training. Reforms were implemented in 2008 to make the curriculum more patient-centered, with additional clinical pharmacy courses and master's programs. This shift was needed to address Ethiopia's disease burden and meet global pharmacy standards. The new curriculum focuses on applying drug therapy clinically and monitoring treatment. Pharmacists trained this way are now recognized members of healthcare teams. While challenges remain, future plans include training all pharmacists clinically and potentially launching a PharmD program.
The document provides an overview of chronic leukemias, focusing on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It defines CML and describes its epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. CML results from a genetic abnormality that fuses the BCR and ABL genes. It progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis phases if left untreated. Treatment options include stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib, and management of symptoms.
The document discusses methods of pharmacoeconomic evaluation, specifically cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). It provides definitions and outlines the main steps in conducting a CEA: [1] framing the problem and identifying baseline and alternative interventions, [2] selecting outcome measures, [3] identifying relevant costs, [4] constructing a decision model, [5] analyzing and interpreting results including calculating cost-effectiveness ratios, and [6] conducting sensitivity analysis and presenting results. Key points include that CEA measures cost in monetary units and outcomes in natural units like life years saved.
pharmacy practice and scope in Ethiopia: An over viewMohammed Mohammed
This document provides an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice. It discusses how clinical pharmacy has evolved globally to focus on patient care rather than just dispensing medications. It notes that while clinical pharmacy services have been implemented well in developed countries, practice in Africa still focuses more on traditional dispensing due to various challenges. The document argues that Ethiopia should shift pharmacy practice and education towards a clinical model to optimize patient outcomes and rational medication use, given issues seen in studies like high rates of drug therapy problems and prescribing errors. Implementing clinical pharmacy services could help address gaps and improve health outcomes, quality of life and cost-effectiveness.
Based on the information provided:
- Mrs. Tigist's drug-related need is for effective treatment of her depression
- Recommending an OTC sleep aid would not meet this need and could potentially cause harm
- The appropriate action would be to advise Mrs. Tigist that her symptoms suggest she may be depressed and recommend she see her physician for evaluation and treatment
This document provides an overview of cost-utility analysis (CUA) as a form of pharmacoeconomic evaluation. It defines CUA and distinguishes it from cost-effectiveness analysis by noting that CUA compares outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The document discusses how QALYs combine both survival time and health-related quality of life into a single metric. It also describes approaches to measuring health utility values and calculating QALYs. Finally, the document provides examples of when CUA would and would not be appropriate to use and outlines factors like incremental cost-utility ratios used to interpret CUA results.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for using email for beginners. It outlines 11 steps: 1) Go to the Google home page and search for Gmail; 2) Create a Gmail account if one does not already exist; 3) Compose emails by clicking "Compose mail" and entering recipients, subject, and message; 4) Check spelling and use the thesaurus; 5) Attach files; 6) Send emails by clicking "Send"; 7) Sign out of the Gmail account when finished.
The document provides instructions for advanced email functions including how to use Cc and Bcc, add email contacts, delete messages, reset a password, set sound alerts for new emails, and organize emails into folders.