SRFD 0026 Prophetic Literature - Isaiah - Nov 2021.pptx

ISAIAH – HISTORICAL SITUATION
721 - Fall of Samaria
 Isaiah laments it - It confirmed the message
of Isaiah (9:8-12; 28:1-4).
714 - New revolt against Assyria
With the encouragement of Egypt, who was
under an Ethiopian dynasty, a number of
smaller states rebelled. Isaiah intervened,
going around naked (Is 20:2ff.)
- 701 - New rebellion by Hezekiah - Siege of
Jerusalem and miraculous deliverance.

Siege of Jerusalem (Is 36-37)
- 705: the Emperor of Assyria dies (therefore there
is weakness in the Empire), so King Hezekiah of
Judah rebels against Assyria.
- 701: the New Emperor of Assyria, Sennacherib
attacks Judah, conquers most of its cities and
lays siege to Jerusalem.
- Prophet Isaiah tells them to pray and not to
worry. And, as a matter of fact, Jerusalem is
saved from conquest at the last moment
- The fact of being saved - at the last moment -
from the most powerful army in the world, after
prayer and according to the words of Prophet
Isaiah, contributed to the popular idea that Zion
cannot fall into the hands of the enemy, whatever
the behaviour of the people may be.

The Assyrians left a record of their attack on
Jerusalem in 701 that agrees almost
completely with the account in 2 Kings 18:13-
16. They narrate their attack on Judah on
Taylor Prism which has been discovered by
archaeologists.

• Taylor Prism (The text and commentary is taken from
L. Boadt, Reading the Old Testament, 328).
• Since Ha-za-qi-ia-a (Hezekiah) did not submit to
my yoke, I besieged forty-six of his strongholds,
fortified places, and innumerable small villages
at their gates. I took them by means of ramps,
battering rams, together with assaults by foot-
soldiers using mines and saps. I captured and
removed 200,150 persons, young and old, men
and women, horses, mules, asses, camels large
and small stock without number and I took them
as plunder. The king himself (Hezekiah) I shut
up in Jerusalem, his royal city, like a bird in a
cage. I built towers against him, and anyone who
came out of the main gate of the town, I
chastised. The towns which I raided I cut off
from his country and gave them to Mi-ti-in-ti,
king of Ashdod and Padi-i, king of Acheron and

Taylor Prism
- These I required of him over and above the
tribute paid every year. Hezekiah, overcome by
the glory and the terror of my sovereignty; and
because his picked troops and the irregular forces
which he had concentrated at Jerusalem to defend
it, had deserted, sent to me, afterwards, at
Nineveh my imperial city: 30 talents of gold, 800
talents of silver, precious stones, antimony,
daqgas-si stone, large slabs of porphyry, beds
inlaid with ivory, ceremonial thrones of ivory,
elephant hides, ebony-wood and boxwood, coloured
garments, dyed tunics-violet and crimson-objects
of copper, iron, bronze, and lead, chariots,
bucklers, lances, body armour, daggers, belts,
bows and arrows, innumerable weapons of war, as
well as his daughters, concubines, musicians both
male and female. He sent his envoys to bear the

ISAIAH – OUTLINE
1. 1:1-6:13 – Threats and Promise to Rebellious
Judah
a) 1-2 – Indictment
b) 2-4 - Zion, Present and Future
c) 5:1-7 – Song of the Vineyard
d) 5:8-30 - Woos
e) 6:1-13 - Inaugural Vision
2. 7:1 – 12:6 – Book of Emmanuel
a) 7-9:6 - National Crisis under King Ahaz
b) 9:7-12:6 – Fall of Northern Israel and Divine
Vengeance on Assyria

ISAIAH – OUTLINE
3. 13-23 – Oracles against the Gentiles
a) 13-20 - Oracles against the enemies of Israel
– Babylon, Assyria and Philistia. Moab,
Damascus (Syria), Ethiopia and Egypt.
b) 21-23 –Visions of Catastrophe – Fall of
Babylon and other neighbours.
4. 24-27 – The Apocalypse of Isaiah – Coming
of devastation (24), Hymn of Thanksgiving (25-
27:1) and Yahweh’s vineyard (27:2-13)
5. 28-33 – Oracles of Warning and Promise for
Judah and Israel
6. 34-35 – The Lord as the Avenger of Israel
7. 36 -39:8 - Historical Supplement

ISAIAH – CALL
ISAIAH 6
This chapter is considered by many scholars to
set the scene for the activity of Isaiah. It is
considered to be the account of his vocation. So
we can see what sort of person Isaiah is, his
moral and religious sensitivity and the
difficulties, which he found from the very
beginning of his ministry.
We have to remember that the Prophet wrote
down the vocation scene a long time after he had
received his vocation ca. 20 years , so we can see
that later experiences in the ministry of Isaiah
influenced his account of the vocation call. It is -
however - a clear account of the great moment of
decision of Isaiah's life, an experience that will

ISAIAH 6
The whole section is called the Book of
Emmanuel (6-12)
Structure
The vision: 1-4
Reaction: 5
Purification: 6-7
Mission: 8-10
Results: 11-13

ISAIAH 6
Call of Isaiah
Is 1:1 – “In the year King Uzziah died, I saw
the LORD seated on high and lofty throne ,
with the train of his garment filling the
Temple.”
This chapter would have been at the
beginning of the book because it is the call of
Isaiah.
 Uzziah was a king of Israel for 40 years died
ca 740 BCE. He brought some stability to the
nation even though there was temptation that
the Israelites would rely on their efforts
instead of relying on God. When King Uzziah
died people were afraid because his son

ISAIAH 6
I saw the Lord - Isaiah “saw the Lord” dressed
like a great King, implies the faith of God's
people must ultimately depend on God not on
the King of Jerusalem, but rather on the King
of Kings, the Lord of Hosts, i.e. of the Heavenly
armies.
LORD – YHWH - YHWH (the most important
name for God)
The tetragrammaton from Greek Τετραγράμματ
ον, meaning "consisting of four letters", is the
Hebrew ‫יהוה‬ transliterated into Latin letters
as YHWH. It is one of the names of God used in
the Hebrew Bible. The name may be derived
from a verb that means "to be", "to exist", "to
cause to become", or "to come to pass".

ISAIAH 6
Personal name of God. This name is given directly
to God in Ex 3:13-14. It has to do with the verb “to
be”. “I am who I am” or “I cause to be what I
cause to be.” Some people have connected it to the
living which then mean the living God.
God who Saves - Israel knows his God by his
name. By this name he is proclaimed as the
personal divine being who has revealed himself
to Israel, who has vindicated himself, by the
saving act of the Exodus and has established a
covenant relationship with the people he has
made.
YHWH occurs 5,789 times in the OT. It appears
very frequently in the Psalms X 631, Jeremiah X
624, Deuteronomy X 439, Isaiah X395. It is

ISAIAH 6
Temple – This is the holiest place on earth for
the Israelites. Here we have as well the place
where Isaiah had his vision and his vocation,
i.e. the Temple of God, in Jerusalem, most
probably during one of the services. After all,
it was in the special atmosphere of the
Temple, that people wanted to see the power
and the glory of God (Ps. 63:2).Many people
took part in the service: the young Isaiah
experienced something which other people
were not able to experience.

SACRED SPACE - TEMPLE
 Temple: It was the most sacred place which
was separated from other places. Within the
temple there was the Holy of Holies, the most
sacred space on earth where the ark of the
covenant was kept.
First Temple – by Solomon destroyed in 586
BC by the Babylonians.
Second Temple – after exile ca. 516 BC. It
was face lifted and renovated by Herod the
Great ca 20 BC hence known as Herod’s
Temple. It was destroyed by the Romans in 70
AD.

OLD TESTAMENT CULT
God is Holy - Holiness in the Old Testament
defines the very being of God. “Holy, holy, holy
is the Lord Sabaoth” (Is 6:3). “God is not
perceived here as a great abstract principle,…
but as an extremely powerful and moving
presence, which simultaneously arouses in
people’s hearts both wonder and fear,
unrestrained gratitude and desire to hide.”
(Albert. Vanhoye, Old Testament Priests and
the New Priest, p. 27).
Burning Bush: In the burning bush experience
of Exodus 3, only Moses approached God, and
when he reached the ‘holy ground’, he was
asked by God to remove his shoes. This ‘holy

Isaiah 6
V.2 Seraphim were stationed above; each of
them had six wings: with two they covered
their faces, with two they covered their feet,
and with two they hovered. 3 One cried out
to the other:
“Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts!
All the earth is filled with his glory!”
Seraphim: the plural of saraph “to burn”, a
term used to designate the “fiery” serpents of
the wilderness (Nm 21:8; Dt 8:15), and to refer
to “winged” serpents (Is 14:29; 30:6). Here, they
refer to cherubim, who are not serpent-like, as

ISAIAH 6– CALL
The call narrative has the following important
characteristics which also resonate with the
Situation at his Time.
First, God calls Isaiah through a vision. God
is described as infinitely holy – Holy, Holy,
Holy (Is 6:3). The initiative is from God. In
this description of God, God is identified as a
King of kings which is a message to Israel and
Judah that they should not trust in their own
strength nor in the strength of other nations
(or alliances) but in God. God will protect
them from their enemies.

ISAIAH 6– CALL
Second, Isaiah responds that he is “a man of
unclean lips” (6:5). He sees himself as an
unworthy person. God is infinitely Holy but
himself not holy.
Third, Isaiah is assured by the Seraphim
that he will be able to carry on God’s task. “…
your wickedness is removed, your wickedness
purged” (6:7). God provides us strength to
carry on difficult missions. Israel and Judah
should also trust in the Lord despite their
weakness, despite the fact that they are faced
with this mighty Assyria that threatens to
destroy them.

ISAIAH 6 – CALL
Fourth, after the assurance, God calls
Isaiah again and this time he is ready.
“Here I am send me!” (6:8). He would
speak but many would not listen. This
seems to be in anticipation to the
message which will be conveyed the
Kings of Israel and Judah would not
accept his message.
Notice that Jesus also refers to this
passage in reference to people who
refuse to accept his message (Mark 7:6-
7).

ISAIAH 6 – CALL
Fifth – Isaiah asks for a time framework to
his mission – “How long” (6:11).
Sixth – The response of the Lord is “until the
cities are desolate” (6:11ff).
- This time framework given by God to Isaiah
resonates with the situation at the time. God’s
message refers to the fall of Samaria in 721.
Cities will be desolate and houses without
inhabitants which is referring to the Israelites
who are going to be taken into exile by the
Assyrians.
- At the end of it there is a “Holy offspring in
the trunk.” This is a reminder that there will
always be an offspring that will remain. For

ISAIAH 6 – CALL
 In the call of Isaiah then we can see how his
message is going to dwell on the political and
social situation at the time.
Isaiah is given a commission to preach his
message to address the present situation at
his time and that’s why it is extremely
important to understand the prevailing
circumstances if we are to understand his
message.
Notice that in chapter 7, Isaiah speaks of the
invasion of Judah by Israel and Syria (Aram).
Isaiah attributes the success of Judah and the
enemies to God who gave Ahaz a sign which
confirms the covenant which God made with

ISAIAH 7 - Immanuel
1In the days of Ahaz, king of Judah, son of
Jotham, son of Uzziah, Rezin, king of Aram, and
Pekah, king of Israel, son of Remaliah, went up to
attack Jerusalem, but they were not able to
conquer it. 2When word came to the house of
David that Aram had allied itself with Ephraim,
the heart of the king and heart of the people
trembled, as the trees of the forest tremble in the
wind.
3Then the LORD said to Isaiah: Go out to meet
Ahaz, you and your son Shear-jashub, at the end of
the conduit of the upper pool, on the highway to
the fuller’s field, 4and say to him: Take care you
remain calm and do not fear; do not let your
courage fail before these two stumps of smoldering
brands, the blazing anger of Rezin and the
Arameans and of the son of Remaliah— 5because
Aram, with Ephraim and the son of Remaliah, has

ISAIAH 7 – Immanuel
7Thus says the Lord GOD: It shall not stand, it shall
not be!
8 The head of Aram is Damascus, and the head of
Damascus is Rezin; 9The head of Ephraim is Samaria,
and the head of Samaria is the son of Remaliah. Within
sixty-five years, Ephraim shall be crushed, no longer a
nation. Unless your faith is firm, you shall not be firm!
Emmanuel.
10Again the LORD spoke to Ahaz: 11Ask for a sign from
the LORD, your God; let it be deep as Sheol, or high as
the sky! 12But Ahaz answered, “I will not ask! I will not
tempt the LORD!” 13Then he said: Listen, house of
David! Is it not enough that you weary human beings?
Must you also weary my God? 14Therefore the Lord
himself will give you a sign; the young woman, pregnant
and about to bear a son, shall name him Emmanuel.
15Curds and honey he will eat so that he may learn to
reject evil and choose good; 16for before the child learns
to reject evil and choose good, the land of those two

17The LORD shall bring upon you and your people and your
father’s house such days as have not come since Ephraim
seceded from Judah (the king of Assyria).
18On that day The LORD shall whistle for the fly in the
farthest streams of Egypt, and for the bee in the land of
Assyria. 19All of them shall come and settle in the steep
ravines and in the rocky clefts, on all thorn bushes and in all
pastures. 20 On that day the Lord shall shave with the razor
hired from across the River (the king of Assyria) the head, and
the hair of the feet; it shall also shave off the beard. 21On that
day a man shall keep alive a young cow or a couple of sheep,
22and from their abundant yield of milk he shall eat curds;
curds and honey shall be the food of all who are left in the land.
23 On that day every place where there were a thousand vines
worth a thousand pieces of silver shall become briers and
thorns. 24One shall have to go there with bow and arrows, for
all the country shall be briers and thorns. 25But as for all the

The Section 7:1–8:18 often termed Isaiah’s
“Memoirs” contain a series of oracles and
narratives (some in first person), all closely
related to the Syro-Ephraimite war of 735–732
B.C.E Several passages feature three children
whose symbolic names refer to the Lord’s
purposes: Shear-jashub (7:3), Emmanuel (7:10–
17; 8:8–10), and Maher-shalal-hash-baz (8:1–4).
Judah and its Davidic dynasty should trust
God’s promises and not fear the combined
armies of Israel and Syria; within a very short
time these two enemy states will be destroyed
by the Assyrians, and David’s dynasty will

ISAIAH 7 – Political Situation
7:1 Days of Ahaz: who ruled from 735 to 715
B.C.E. This attack against Jerusalem by the
kings of Aram (Syria) and Israel in 735 B.C. was
occasioned by the refusal of Ahaz to enter with
them into an anti-Assyrian alliance; (cf. 2 Kgs
16). Rezin was the last king of Damascus. In 732
king Tiglath-pilser III destroyed Damascus and
killed Rezin.
7:3 Shear-jashub: this name means “a remnant
will return” (cf. Is 10:20–22). Disaster will come
but there will always be a remnant to be saved.
“… at the end of the conduit of the upper pool, on
the highway to the fuller’s field” – Ahaz was
safeguarding Jerusalem’s water supply. It was a
channel through which water from the Gihon
spring in the Kidron valley was brought to the
upper city. That was also a place where the
Assyrians would encamp (Is 36:2).

Isaiah 7:11-17 - Immanuel
10-11 – Isaiah and King Ahaz
Prophet Isaiah went again to the King. Probably
the King was still a bit uncertain on how to act.
Some people would have advised him to accept the
alliance with Israel and Syria. Some other people
would have advised him to ask for the help of the
most powerful army in the world, i.e. Assyria.
Isaiah only wanted neutrality. Certainly, King
Ahaz had not yet asked for the help of Assyria,
otherwise, it would had been useless for Isaiah to
go to him and to offer him a sign.
K. KOCH, The Prophets, I, 125: Now it is obvious
that Isaiah views any alliance with a stronger
foreign power with mistrust (e.g. Is 30,1-3),
because any such alliance – in accordance with
ancient oriental law – always involved religious
ties; and this permitted the foreign gods. Moreover
the Empires demanded very heavy tributes, which

Isaiah 7:11-17 - Sign
Sign according to the Bible
Sign = A visible evidence of the presence and
purpose of God. In the Bible, there is no
distinction between “natural” and
“supernatural”. Anything could be a sign of the
presence of God, e.g. a war, a plague of locusts,
the birth of a child, or even someone who is
healed all of a sudden from his illness. The
Israelites had a sense of the immediacy of
God's presence; he can intervene and does
intervene in our life in various ways. So, any
event - natural or supernatural, it doesn't
matter - can be the sign of God's presence in

ISAIAH 7:11-17 - Sign
Ahaz’s Response
12But Ahaz answered, “I will not ask! I
will not tempt the LORD!” – Ahaz’s
refusal of the sign is reminiscent of the
call narratives. Call – Hesitation-
Assurance and Acceptance.
Ahaz had already made up his mind of
asking for the help of Assyria. But he is
a good politician. He does not want to
offend Isaiah. So he uses the excuse that
Deuteronomy 6:16 gives him, i.e. “You

13 Then he said: Listen, house of David!
Is it not enough that you weary human
beings? Must you also weary my God?
Isaiah is very angry with the King and
with the Royal House. After all, they
should have known better. They had seen
for 270 years that their dynasty was going
on, whereas the dynasty of the North had
changed so often! So Isaiah tells the King
and his family off. He, i.e. the King, has
made people and God himself fed up, by
his lack of faith. Nevertheless, Isaiah
offers a sign on the side of the Lord.

Isaiah 7:14-15 “Therefore the Lord Himself will give
you a sign: Behold, the young girl has conceived and
she will bear a Son, and shall call His name
Immanuel. {15} “Curds and honey He shall eat, until
He may know to refuse the evil and choose the good”.
The birth of a child - Isaiah tells the King: - Even
though the war is imminent (it could be any time now,
it could be even tomorrow!), and even though in war
pregnant women are ripped open, do not worry, King
Ahaz! The young woman, whom you know, is going to
deliver her baby. The birth of the child is already a
sign that God is protecting you, even though you do
not really trust him.
The name of the child: Immanuel - People would call
this child “GOD-IS-WITH-US” as a sign that things
are going to be better at the time of birth or as a sign
that God is in charge.

The Imminence of the fact. She is already
pregnant; probably the child is already visible
in the belly of the woman, so the birth of the
child is due shortly. Moreover before the child
comes to understand things properly, the 2
kingdoms, which are frightening, you so much
(which ones?) will have fallen.
The good situation, which is going to follow the
birth of Emmanuel. If you read only the
passage up to v. 17, then the mention of “curd
and honey” (i.e. coagulated milk and honey)
would seem to indicate that the situation has
really improved a lot.

ISAIAH 7:11-17 – Mother of the
Child
We have to notice that she must be known to
the King, because she is called “the young
woman”. So the woman is known to the King.
She might be either:
(1) The wife of the Prophet who bore him other
children, to whom symbolic names were given
(cf. 7,3; Shear-jashub – “a remnant will return”,
cf. 8,1-3) or
(2) One of the wives of the King. It seems that
the sign is most meaningful for the King if the
woman in question is a wife of the king. Most
likely therefore the woman of whom Isaiah
spoke is a wife of the King, most probably the
mother of the future King Hezekiah.

Child
In Reality, what happened?
King Ahaz asked for help from Assyria (2 Kgs
16:5-12).
Assyria crushed the 2 Kingdoms- Israel and Syria.
Isaiah was right, after all!
Connection with the NT
In Mt 1:22-23, we see this text applied to the birth
of Jesus of Nazareth. How is it that this text was
applied to Jesus of Nazareth? Was it legitimate to
do that?
We have seen that the sign is (1) the birth of the
child himself, (2) his name, (3) the imminence of
the birth and (4) the good situation, which is found
after the birth of Emmanuel. Matthew’s situation
a bit different: (A) the manner of his conception
and birth, (B) the fact that the mother of

Child
• The Hebrew text uses the term almah for the
mother of Immanuel. Almah means “young
girl” or “young woman”, a “girl who is in full
vigour.”
• The term for virgin in Hebrew is Betulah. In
our case the girl is already pregnant (this is
the meaning of the tense used in Hebrew).
She is not a virgin, because she is already
pregnant!
• The Greek (LXX) (250 BCE, so over 400 years
after Isaiah) translated the term Almah as
Parthenos which means Virgin, and put in the
future the verb, i.e. “She will conceive”.

ISAIAH 7:11-17 – Immanuel and
Jesus
Matthew, 350 years later, believing in the
Risen Lord, sees Jesus of Nazareth as the
fulfilment of all the Prophecies of the OT.
He uses the texts of the OT, to prove that
Jesus is the Messiah.
In which sense is Jesus Christ the
fulfilment of the OT? Does it mean that
Isaiah foresaw Jesus of Nazareth? Isaiah
was focused on the situation of his own
time and immediate future. It means
that in the light of Christ event these
texts assume a fuller significance.

Jesus
• So Matthew knows that Jesus is “God-with-us”,
and is born of a virgin. On that basis he sees a
new significance in the prophecy of Is 7:14,
according to the LXX text. That was not the
original significance, but it was seen in the
light of Christ-event.
• Both Isaiah and Matthew underline the same
basic promise of the Biblical revelation that the
Lord is truly “God-with-us”, i.e. he promises his
support to his people in all the circumstances
(Cf. Gen 28:15; Ex 3:12; Jer 1:8, etc.). They
apply this basic principle to their own situation
in order to show that “they do not face the
future alone and that God will deal with
whatever crisis threatens.” Matthew sees a

Jesus
• Importance of confidence in the Lord.
• This was very difficult both for Ahaz and for
Isaiah. It came to pass that the other two
kingdoms: Syria and Israel (Northern
Kingdom) were overrun by the Assyrians.
Judah was saved. This is a challenge for us, to
have the same confidence.
• Importance of seeing the message of Isaiah in
its own context first. Only secondarily it can
be linked to the NT.

Jesus of Nazareth, the Prophet “par
excellence”
Jesus is known as prophet by people
 At Caesarea Philippi - Matt. 16:14 And
they said, “Some say John the Baptist,
others say Elijah, and others Jeremiah or
one of the prophets.”
Mat 21:11 – At the triumphant entry into
Jerusalem. He is called a prophet.
Mark 6:15 – Jesus they “is Elijah”
because he was doing mighty works.

excellence”
Luke 7:16 – After the raising of the young
man in Naim.
Luke 7:36-50 – Simon the Pharisee wonders
whether Jesus is a prophet and if he is a
prophet why didn’t he notice that the woman
was a sinner. Jesus to be a prophet; and
Jesus, proves it, by knowing his mind and the
mind of the woman.
John 4:19 – The Samaritan woman calls
Jesus a prophet.
John 9:17 – The man born blind.
When people refer to Jesus as a prophet they

excellence”
Luke presents Jesus as the prophet.
Acts 3:22 Moses said, ‘The Lord God will
raise up for you a prophet from your brethren
as he raised me up. You shall listen to him in
whatever he tells you. 23 And it shall be that
every soul that does not listen to that prophet
shall be destroyed from the people.’ (cf. Acts
7:37).
Jesus Himself
Jesus applied to himself the proverb of the
prophet rejected in his native land
- Matt. 13:57 And they took offense at him. But
Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without
honor, except in his own country and in his own

Characteristics of Prophets - Word of
God
Jesus spoke in a very special way, on behalf of
God.
Matt. 7:29 for he taught them as one who had
authority, and not as their scribes.
Heb. 1:1 – “In many and various ways God
spoke of old to our fathers by the prophets; 2
but in these last days he has spoken to us by a
Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things,
through whom also he created the world. 3
He reflects the glory of God and bears the
very stamp of his nature, upholding the
universe by his word of power. When he had
made purification for sins, he sat down at the
right hand of the Majesty on high, 4 having

excellence”
Characteristics of Prophets
 Jesus not only proclaimed God’s Word but
lived it
By his Deeds - It is one thing to preach about
love but its another to preach it. e.g. John
15:12 “This is my commandment, that you love
one another as I have loved you. 13 Greater
love has no man than this, that a man lay
down his life for his friends.”
Jesus proved his extreme love for us by his
humiliation on the cross, fully accepted, cf. Phil
2:5-11.

Jesus a Man of God
The prophet is perceived as a “person of
God”, i.e. a person very close to God. Jesus
is not only very close to God; he is
recognized as God himself.
He is the son of God.
There is unity between the Father and
Jesus.
John 17:21 – Jesus prays “that they may
all be one; even as thou, Father, are in me,
and I in you, that they also may be in us, so
that the world may believe that you have
sent me.”

Criticized his People
Jesus said the truth and criticized his own
people
Lk 4: 14-30 – At Nazareth, he told his people
that “no prophet is accepted in his own native
place.” The people were furious and wanted to
kill him.
Lk 14:7-14 - Jesus criticized even people who
invited him to dine with them. “When you are
invited take the lowest place.”

Suffering and Rejection
We recall Prophets who showed exceptional
courage, e.g. Nathan (2 Sam 12), Elijah, Amos,
Isaiah and Jeremiah. They suffered and were
rejected. Few people followed them. After their
death, they were recognized, admired and
accepted.
Jesus exhibits the same very qualities:
Great courage.
Suffering and Rejection.
A small group of disciples followed him to the
cross.
Jesus was vindicated after his death, by the

Jesus’ Call
Jesus received a vision at the beginning of his
ministry, which corresponds to the prophetic call.
Matt. 3:13 Then Jesus came from Galilee to the
Jordan to John, to be baptized by him. 14 John
would have prevented him, saying, “I need to be
baptized by you, and do you come to me?” 15 But
Jesus answered him, “Let it be so now; for thus
it is fitting for us to fulfil all righteousness.”
Then he consented. 16 And when Jesus was
baptized, he went up immediately from the
water, and behold, the heavens were opened and
he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove,
and alighting on him; 17 and lo, a voice from
heaven, saying, “This is my beloved Son, with
whom I am well pleased.”
The Spirit is the prophetic spirit, the same that
changed ordinary people into spokespersons of
God.

Greater than the Prophets
Matt. 12:41 The men of Nineveh will
arise at the judgment with this
generation and condemn it; for they
repented at the preaching of Jonah, and
behold, something greater than Jonah is
here.
Jesus not only announced salvation, but
brought salvation.
Luke 10:24 For I tell you that many
prophets and kings desired to see what
you see, and did not see it, and to hear

Jesus Imbued with the Spirit
OT prophets were filled with the Spirit-
Jn 1:32-33: Jesus filled with Holy Spirit at
Baptism: “32 John testified saying, "I have seen
the Spirit descending as a dove out of heaven, and
He remained upon Him. 33 "I did not recognize
Him, but He who sent me to baptize in water said
to me, 'He upon whom you see the Spirit
descending and remaining upon Him, this is the
One who baptizes in the Holy Spirit.‘
Lk 3:22: Holy Spirit like a Dove: and the Holy
Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a
dove, and a voice came out of heaven, "You are My
beloved Son, in You I am well-pleased.“ Cf. Mk
1:10: “Immediately coming up out of the water, He
saw the heavens opening, and the Spirit like a

Lk 4: Jesus was led by the Spirit into the
desert (4:1 cf. Mtt 4:1). At the beginning of his
ministry, Jesus is led by the Spirit (4:14).
In the synagogue Jesus read the words of
Isaiah 61:1-2 to show that they had been
fulfilled in him:
“The Spirit of the Lord is upon me,
Because he has anointed me to bring glad
tidings to the poor…” (4:18).
Mtt 12:18: “Behold, my servant whom I have
chosen; my beloved in whom my soul is well-
pleased; I will put my spirit upon him, and he

Jn 6:63 - "It is the Spirit who gives life; the
flesh profits nothing; the words that I have
spoken to you are spirit and are life.”
Jn 20:22: “He breathed on them and said to
them, Receive the Holy Spirit. Whose sins you
forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you
retain are retained.”
All this evidence shows that although the OT
prophets received the Spirit, Jesus received the
Spirit in a very special way because he was a
prophets par excellence.

Jesus In Conflict with
Establishment
Jesus calls Herod fox.
Lk 4: 31At that very hour, some Pharisees came
to Jesus and told Him, “Leave this place and
get away, because Herod wants to kill You.” 32
But Jesus replied, “Go tell that fox, ‘Look, I will
keep driving out demons and healing people
today and tomorrow, and on the third day I will
reach My goal.’ 33Nevertheless, I must keep
going today and tomorrow and the next day, for
it is not admissible for a prophet to perish
outside of Jerusalem.…

Jesus In Conflict with
Sanhedrin
Mk 14:60 – 64 – Sanhedrin Sentence Jesus to
Death
60 The high priest rose before the assembly and
questioned Jesus, saying, “Have you no answer?
What are these men testifying against you?”
61 But he was silent and answered nothing. Again
the high priest asked him and said to him, “Are
you the Messiah, the son of the Blessed One?”
62Then Jesus answered, “I am; and ‘you will see
the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the
Power and coming with the clouds of heaven.’”
63At that the high priest tore his garments and
said, “What further need have we of witnesses?
64You have heard the blasphemy. What do you
think?” They all condemned him as deserving to

Messianism
The prophets preached about the
coming Messiah who will usher in a new
age.
He will be from the David – A
fulfillment of the Davidic promises.
Is 7:10-14 - Emmanuel – A young
woman shall bear a son, shall name him
Emmanuel which means “God is with
us.” (Mtt 1:23)
 Matthew understood this promise to
refer to Jesus the prophet par excellence.

Jesus and the Present
Jesus’ preaching dealt first and foremost with
the present situation at his time.
At the beginning of Jesus’ ministry he says:
Mk 1:14 – “This is the time fulfillment. The
kingdom of God is at hand, repent and believe
in the Gospel.” Jesus’ time was the Kairos –
the opportune time, the time of fulfillment.
Jesus dwelt with the problems of his time
even though his message had an
eschatological significance and relevance for
all ages.

Jesus and the Present
 Mtt 6:2 But He replied, “When evening
comes, you say, ‘The weather will be fair, for
the sky is red;’ 3and in the morning, ‘Today it
will be stormy, for the sky is red and
overcast.’ You know how to
interpret the appearance of
the sky, but not the signs of the times! 4A
wicked and adulterous generation demands a
sign, but none will be given it except the sign
of Jonah.” Then He left them and went
away.…
Jesus calls upon people to read the signs of the
time and he sees himself as the real sign of the

Lumen Gentium 35
Christ, the great Prophet, who proclaimed the
Kingdom of His Father both by the testimony of
His life and the power of His words, continually
fulfills His prophetic office until the complete
manifestation of glory. He does this not only
through the hierarchy who teach in His name and
with His authority, but also through the laity
whom He made His witnesses and to whom He
gave understanding of the faith (SENSU FIDEI)
and an attractiveness in speech so that the power
of the Gospel might shine forth in their daily
social and family life. They conduct themselves as
children of the promise, and thus strong in faith
and in hope they make the most of the present,
and with patience await the glory that is to come.
Let them not, then, hide this hope in the depths of
their hearts, but even in the program of their
secular life let them express it by a continual

SRFD 0026 Prophetic Literature - Isaiah - Nov 2021.pptx

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SRFD 0026 Prophetic Literature - Isaiah - Nov 2021.pptx