Great radiological spotters, important for exams , of radiology and medical sciences

1. SPOTS
Dr. Akash Taviyad (R2/RD)
Dept of Radiodiagnosis, Baroda

4. Erosive osteoarthritis
• Central erosions with marginal proliferation at DIP and PIP
joints giving typical Gull-wing appearance.
• Postmenopausal female.
• DIP, PIP and 1st CMC joint.

5. Name the fracture

6. • Clay shoveler’s fracture -spinous process of C7
• Jefferson fracture- Atlas C1
• Hangman fracture- Axis C2

8. UTERINE DIDELPHYS
• Type of Mullerian duct anomaly.
• Complete duplication of uterine horns and cervix with no
communication b/w them.

10. INTRAOSSEOUS LIPOMA
• Nonaggressive radiolucent lesion with sharply defined
borders, associated with thinning and bulging of the cortex.
• The central calcifications and ossifications are frequently
present.
• Common sites – fibula, calcaneum and rib.

11. Patient is PLHA

12. TOXOPLASMOSIS
• Multiple lesions
• Predilection for basal ganglia, thalami and corticomedullary
junction.
• Post contrast MR – Ring enhancement, typically thin and
smooth.

13. Repeated symptoms of fasting hypoglycaemia

14. INSULINOMA
• Small (90 % are < 2 cm) and hyper vascular.
• May contain calcification.
• 10 % malignant.
• Whipple’s triad
Fasting hypoglycaemia
Symptoms of hypoglycaemia
Immediate relief of symptoms after IV glucose.

16. CHONDROSARCOMA
• Large masses; 4 to 10cm or more in size at the time of
diagnosis.
• Show characteristic ring and arc/ popcorn type of matrix
mineralization.

18. SIRENOMELIA OR
MERMAID SYNDROME
• Fusion of lower limb structures with varying degrees of sacral
agenesis
• Maybe associated with oligohydramnios antenatally
• Vascular steal phenomenon causing ischemia to caudal
portion of fetus.

20. SCHIZENCEPHALY
• Grey matter lined cleft extending from the ependyma to the pia
mater.
Two types
• open lip
– the cleft walls are separated and filled with CSF
– most common form in bilateral cases.
• closed lip
– the cleft walls are in apposition
– most common form in unilateral cases

22. FORM A for registration or renewal of registration of
genetic counselling center/ genetic laboratory, genetic
clinic/ ultrasound clinic/ imaging center

24. • Unicameral bone cyst.
• 3- to 14-year age range.
• Proximal humerus : most common 50-60%, proximal femur : 30% ,other long bones,
calcaneum, talus.
RADIOLOGIC FEATURES
• Well defined geographic lucent lesions with a narrow zone of transition, mostly seen in
skeletally immature patients, which are centrally located and show a sclerotic margin in
the majority of cases with no periosteal reaction or soft tissue component.
SIMPLE BONE CYST

25. Name the sign and condition

26. MOUNT FUJI SIGN – Tension pneumocephalus

27. 30 year old woman with dyspnea.

28. LYMPHANGIOMYOMATOSIS
• multi-system disorder that can occur either
sporadically or in association with
the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
• exclusively affects women of childbearing age
• present with exertional dyspnoea and
recurrent episodes of pneumothorax

29. Radiograph
• Chylothorax : chylous pleural effusion
• evidence of hyperinflation
• diffuse bilateral reticulonodular densities
HRCT
• thin walled cysts of variable sizes surrounded by normal
lung parenchyma can be seen throughout the lung
• interlobular septal thickening
• may show a dilated thoracic duct
• haemorrhages may be seen as areas of increased
attenuation

31. LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS aka
EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA
• Solitary or multiple punched out lytic lesions without sclerotic
rim
• Geographic skull

32. Identify the artifact

33. ZIPPER ARTIFACTS
• Seenwhenthedoorisopenduringacquisitionofimages.
• So RF entering the scanningroom from electronic equipment
(mobile device or aircraft) and are picked by the receiver chain.

34. ZipperArtifacts
Zipper artifacts are oriented perpendicular to the
frequency direction.

36. Corkscrew oesophagus – Diffuse esophageal
spasm

37. History of trauma- Name the sign

38. INTRAVERTEBRAL VACCUM CLEFT SIGN
• Transverse, linear, or semilunar radiolucency located
within the vertebral body.
• Represents gas (principally nitrogen) in the fracture line
of the vertebral body.
• Pathogenesis of this process is not completely clear.
• Mostly suggestive of ischemic necrosis of bone.
• Reported in association with Kümmell disease, a delayed
posttraumatic collapse of the vertebral body.

40. • Antrochoanal polyp

42. Holoprosencephaly
• Congenital brain malformation resulting from incomplete
separation of the two hemispheres.
• Alobar – most severe
• Semi lobar
• lobar

43. Alobar holoprosencephaly
• single midline monoventricle (or holosphere)
– lateral and third ventricles are absent
• absent midline structures
– absent septum pellucidum
– agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
– absent interhemispheric fissure and falx cerebri
– absent olfactory tract

45. OSTEOPETROSIS

46. THANK YOU