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1. SPIRULINA

2. Introduction
Spirulina is microscopic blue green algae or cyanophytes or cyanobacteria). It has
cork screw-shaped multicellular filaments. A. platensis has cylindrical trichomes
that are arranged in a left-handed helix throughout the filament. They are
autotrophic. It grows well in high-salt alkaline water
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3. Synonym:
Arthospira, Dihe,
Cyanobacteria
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Biological Name: These are blue green
microalgae of different species like Spirulina
maxima (Arthrospira maxima) Spirulina
platensis (Arthrospira platensis), and
Spirulina Motormas (Arthrospira fusiformis)
Family: Oscillatoriaceae

4. Chemical Constituents:
• Pigments such as chlorophyll-a,
zeaxanthin, diatoxanthin,
echinenone B-carotene,
xanthophyll, canthaxanthin, c-
phycocyanin, β- cryptoxanthine,
oscillaxanthin.
• Spirulina shows presence of fatty
acids such as α and γ linoleic acid,
linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic
acid, eicosapentaenoic acid,
arachidonic acid, omega 3 and
omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty
acid and stearidonic acids
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5. Nutrient content:
• Spirulina is rich source of
proteins (58%) and also
contains carbohydrates (30%),
fat (8%), dietary fibres (3%),
sugars (3%), vitamins (<1%)
etc.
• It contains vitamins such as
A, C, D, E, vitamin B12,
thiamine, nicotinamide,
pyridoxine, riboflavin, and
folic acid.
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• It also contains minerals like
calcium, magnesium,
manganese, copper, zinc, iron
sodium, potassium,
phosphorus, selenium etc

6. Health Benefits of Spirulina:
 Spirulina consists of high amount of nutrients hence it is a whole food supplement.
 It is potent antifungal and antibacterial agent. It also possesses antiviral activities against viruses such as Herpes
simplex virus type-L measles virus HIV-I and influenza virus etc
 It shows free radical scavenging activity. It improves activity of antioxidant enzymes like GSH, SOD, CAT, GSH
PX and also reduces lipid peroxidation. Hence, it has antioxidant effect
 It exhibits hepatoprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, by reducing lipid peroxidation.
 It maintains proper renal function and histology of cells hence it acts as nephroprotective agent
 It has neuprotective effects. It inhibits brain damage produced by toxic chemicals, enhance locomotor activity and
reduce damage to spinal cord.
 It reduces total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides. It can reduce blood sugar and improve
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7.  It also protects against various heart diseases.
 Spirulina is potent anticancer agent. It enhances tumour necrosis factor, function of natural killer cells. It prevents
expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ps3
 It acts as immunomodulatory agent by enhancing activity of natural killer cells, lysozymes, enhancing phagocytic
potential and also increasing production of antibiotics, interferons gamma and cytokinin.
 It acts as anti-inflammatory agent as it inhibits histamine release from mast cells.
 Spirulina also protects reproductive system of poultry animals from oxidative damage
 Spirulina avoids DNA damage, activates cell nucleus enzymes and DNA repair process. Hence, exhibit anti
genotoxic effects.
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8. Presentation title 8
Side Effects: Spirulina may cause side
effects such as headaches, allergic
reactions, muscle pain, sweating and
insomnia etc.
Adverse effect: Immunoblistering and
rhabdomyolysis are observed. It should
not be administered in people with
phenyl ketonuria.

9. Recommended Dose: 1 to 10 g/day.