Giulia Mugellini, Law School, University of St. Gallen (Switzerland)Geneva Declaration
"Engaging the private sector for armed violence reduction and prevention (AVRP) and development"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Geneva, Switzerland | 8-9 July 2014
Cracking the Code on Consumer Fraud | Accentureaccenture
"Accenture research highlights how public safety agencies need a new approach to tackle consumer fraud – more intelligence-led,
proactive and collaborative."
Research posters - 2017 OECD Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity ForumOECD Governance
In response to fast-moving insights from integrity research and practice, the Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity Forum invites pioneers from a variety of backgrounds and academic disciplines to share their latest evidence and findings.
The posters connect academic insights and evidence with policy-making. They highlight a selection of innovative research on integrity, anti-corruption and trade, resulting from a competitive Call for Papers by the OECD. Research covers topics such as gender and corruption, the blockchain technology, corruption risks in development, foreign bribery, undue influence, inclusive growth, etc.
Defragmentation of indian legal cases withijfcstjournal
The main aim of this research paper is to develop a rule based knowledge database for legal expert system
for consumer protection act, a domain within the Indian legal system which is often in demand. A
knowledge database developed here will further help the legal expert system to determine type of case with
respect to the Indian Judicial System. In this paper a rule based knowledge database will be developed to
determine the type of the case. The main aim of the study is to build a prototype which will rule based in
nature. The rule based knowledge database development is the first phase in the development of
comprehensive rule based legal expert system for consumer protection act which will be of great help in
process of solving consumer related cases.
Giulia Mugellini, Law School, University of St. Gallen (Switzerland)Geneva Declaration
"Engaging the private sector for armed violence reduction and prevention (AVRP) and development"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Geneva, Switzerland | 8-9 July 2014
Cracking the Code on Consumer Fraud | Accentureaccenture
"Accenture research highlights how public safety agencies need a new approach to tackle consumer fraud – more intelligence-led,
proactive and collaborative."
Research posters - 2017 OECD Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity ForumOECD Governance
In response to fast-moving insights from integrity research and practice, the Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity Forum invites pioneers from a variety of backgrounds and academic disciplines to share their latest evidence and findings.
The posters connect academic insights and evidence with policy-making. They highlight a selection of innovative research on integrity, anti-corruption and trade, resulting from a competitive Call for Papers by the OECD. Research covers topics such as gender and corruption, the blockchain technology, corruption risks in development, foreign bribery, undue influence, inclusive growth, etc.
Defragmentation of indian legal cases withijfcstjournal
The main aim of this research paper is to develop a rule based knowledge database for legal expert system
for consumer protection act, a domain within the Indian legal system which is often in demand. A
knowledge database developed here will further help the legal expert system to determine type of case with
respect to the Indian Judicial System. In this paper a rule based knowledge database will be developed to
determine the type of the case. The main aim of the study is to build a prototype which will rule based in
nature. The rule based knowledge database development is the first phase in the development of
comprehensive rule based legal expert system for consumer protection act which will be of great help in
process of solving consumer related cases.
In this special supplement to the July 2020 newsletter of the OECD-GVH Regional Centre for Competition in Budapest, Angel Gurría, Frédéric Jenny and a handful of competition experts reflect on competition in the time of COVID-19.
The July 2020 edition of the newsletter as well as its past issues can be accessed at Past issues can be accessed at: http://oe.cd/comp-rcc-news
This newsletter reports on the activities of the OECD Regional Centre for Competition in Latin America. Published twice a year, it shares regional experiences and recent developments from the economies in the Latin American and Caribbean region.
If you have suggestions or material that you wish to be considered for publication, please feel free to contact Javier Coronado (jcoronado@indecopi.gob.pe) or Paulo Burnier (paulo.burnier@oecd.org).
More information on the centre and its activities can be found at http://oe.cd/lima-rcc
This Keynote presentation on “Sanctions in competition law cases” by Professor Frederic Jenny (Chairman of the OECD Competition Committee, Professor of Economics at ESSEC Business School and former Judge on the French Supreme Court was made at the Workshop on Australian Pecuniary Penalties for Competition Law Infringements on 26 March 2018 in Sydney, Australia. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/2cw.
Public & Private Antitrust Enforcement in CompetitionOECD Governance
Presentation by Antonio Gomes, Head of Competition Division, OECD, at the II Competition and Regulation Forum: “Reaching for market efficiency” which took place in Mexico on 9-10 January 2018. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
Country-by-Country Reporting proposal - Working Breakfast 28 June 2016FERMA
On 28 June 2016, MEP Jeppe Kofod hosted a working breakfast meeting today at the European Parliament about the proposal published on 12 April 2016 by the European Commission to extend country-by-country financial reporting to most multinational groups operating in the EU.
The European Confederation of Institutes of Internal Auditing (ECIIA) and FERMA stated that Internal auditors and risk managers have a key role to play in ensuring that future financial transparency standards are well understood, embedded into the strategy of large corporations and become a source of competitive advantage.
OECD, 2nd Task Force Meeting on Charting Illicit Trade - Arndt SinnOECD Governance
This presentation by Arndt Sinn was made at the 2nd Task Force Meeting on Charting Illicit Trade held on 5-7 March 2014. www.oecd.org/gov/risk/charting-illicit-trade-second-task-force-meeting.htm
EMRgecy Medicine: The Impact of EMR/EHR on Healthcare - Keynotes and Expert P...Dr. Susan Dorfman
The event was held in Bedminster, NJ, and was sponsored by ACHE-NJ and Cegedim Dendrite. It brought together experts from around the globe to help attendees better understand practical issues, benefits and challenges of EHR adoption, including interoperability, reimbursement, and more. Dr. Kennedy Ganti, the New Jersey Health IT Commissioner, was a keynote presenter as well as one of the guest panelists.
I have received many emails from people unable to attend this event due to time, date or location who wanted access to this presentation - so here it is!
The keynote presentations and introduction by the panel moderator, Michael Fossel, are presented in this slide deck.
(NOTE: A link to the recorded event - including the infamous panel of experts who received major applause and kudos at the conclusion of the event - will be available soon!)
Read how the OECD is working with countries to design, promote and implement better anti-corruption policies for better lives. For more information see www.oecd.org/corruption/
Non-Linear Effects of Intellectual Property Rights on Innovation: Evidence f...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IFPMA-TFDA Workshop on Couterfeit Medicines
‘Integrated Approach Against Fake Medicines’
Session 4: Collaboration within and between countries
On 6th February 2015
At Taipei International Convention Center
Taipei, Taiwan
Presented by Anastasia Luzgina during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
Presented by Erlend Bollman Bjørtvedt during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
More Related Content
Similar to Specialized Courts and the Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from Spain
In this special supplement to the July 2020 newsletter of the OECD-GVH Regional Centre for Competition in Budapest, Angel Gurría, Frédéric Jenny and a handful of competition experts reflect on competition in the time of COVID-19.
The July 2020 edition of the newsletter as well as its past issues can be accessed at Past issues can be accessed at: http://oe.cd/comp-rcc-news
This newsletter reports on the activities of the OECD Regional Centre for Competition in Latin America. Published twice a year, it shares regional experiences and recent developments from the economies in the Latin American and Caribbean region.
If you have suggestions or material that you wish to be considered for publication, please feel free to contact Javier Coronado (jcoronado@indecopi.gob.pe) or Paulo Burnier (paulo.burnier@oecd.org).
More information on the centre and its activities can be found at http://oe.cd/lima-rcc
This Keynote presentation on “Sanctions in competition law cases” by Professor Frederic Jenny (Chairman of the OECD Competition Committee, Professor of Economics at ESSEC Business School and former Judge on the French Supreme Court was made at the Workshop on Australian Pecuniary Penalties for Competition Law Infringements on 26 March 2018 in Sydney, Australia. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/2cw.
Public & Private Antitrust Enforcement in CompetitionOECD Governance
Presentation by Antonio Gomes, Head of Competition Division, OECD, at the II Competition and Regulation Forum: “Reaching for market efficiency” which took place in Mexico on 9-10 January 2018. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
Country-by-Country Reporting proposal - Working Breakfast 28 June 2016FERMA
On 28 June 2016, MEP Jeppe Kofod hosted a working breakfast meeting today at the European Parliament about the proposal published on 12 April 2016 by the European Commission to extend country-by-country financial reporting to most multinational groups operating in the EU.
The European Confederation of Institutes of Internal Auditing (ECIIA) and FERMA stated that Internal auditors and risk managers have a key role to play in ensuring that future financial transparency standards are well understood, embedded into the strategy of large corporations and become a source of competitive advantage.
OECD, 2nd Task Force Meeting on Charting Illicit Trade - Arndt SinnOECD Governance
This presentation by Arndt Sinn was made at the 2nd Task Force Meeting on Charting Illicit Trade held on 5-7 March 2014. www.oecd.org/gov/risk/charting-illicit-trade-second-task-force-meeting.htm
EMRgecy Medicine: The Impact of EMR/EHR on Healthcare - Keynotes and Expert P...Dr. Susan Dorfman
The event was held in Bedminster, NJ, and was sponsored by ACHE-NJ and Cegedim Dendrite. It brought together experts from around the globe to help attendees better understand practical issues, benefits and challenges of EHR adoption, including interoperability, reimbursement, and more. Dr. Kennedy Ganti, the New Jersey Health IT Commissioner, was a keynote presenter as well as one of the guest panelists.
I have received many emails from people unable to attend this event due to time, date or location who wanted access to this presentation - so here it is!
The keynote presentations and introduction by the panel moderator, Michael Fossel, are presented in this slide deck.
(NOTE: A link to the recorded event - including the infamous panel of experts who received major applause and kudos at the conclusion of the event - will be available soon!)
Read how the OECD is working with countries to design, promote and implement better anti-corruption policies for better lives. For more information see www.oecd.org/corruption/
Non-Linear Effects of Intellectual Property Rights on Innovation: Evidence f...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IFPMA-TFDA Workshop on Couterfeit Medicines
‘Integrated Approach Against Fake Medicines’
Session 4: Collaboration within and between countries
On 6th February 2015
At Taipei International Convention Center
Taipei, Taiwan
Similar to Specialized Courts and the Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from Spain (20)
Presented by Anastasia Luzgina during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
Presented by Erlend Bollman Bjørtvedt during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
Presented by Dzimtry Kruk during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
Presented by Lev Lvovskiy during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
Presented by Chloé Le Coq, Professor of Economics, University of Paris-Panthéon-Assas, Economics and Law Research Center (CRED), during SITE 2023 Development Day conference.
This year’s SITE Development Day conference will focus on the Russian war on Ukraine. We will discuss the situation in Ukraine and neighbouring countries, how to finance and organize financial support within the EU and within Sweden, and how to deal with the current energy crisis.
This year’s SITE Development Day conference will focus on the Russian war on Ukraine. We will discuss the situation in Ukraine and neighbouring countries, how to finance and organize financial support within the EU and within Sweden, and how to deal with the current energy crisis.
The (Ce)² Workshop is organised as an initiative of the FREE Network by one of its members, the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA, Poland) together with the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP, UK). This will be the seventh edition of the workshop which will be held in Warsaw on 27-28 June 2022.
The (Ce)2 workshop is organised as an initiative of the FREE Network by one of its members, the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA, Poland) together with the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP, UK). This will be the seventh edition of the workshop which will be held in Warsaw on 27-28 June 2022.
The (Ce)2 workshop is organised as an initiative of the FREE Network by one of its members, the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA, Poland) together with the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP, UK). This will be the seventh edition of the workshop which will be held in Warsaw on 27-28 June 2022.
The (Ce)2 workshop is organised as an initiative of the FREE Network by one of its members, the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA, Poland) together with the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP, UK). This will be the seventh edition of the workshop which will be held in Warsaw on 27-28 June 2022.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Specialized Courts and the Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from Spain
1. Specialized Courts and the Reporting of Intimate
Partner Violence: Evidence from Spain
Marta Martínez-Matute & Jorge García-Hombrados
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and IZA / Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Conference on Economic and Social Context of Domestic Violence
Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE), Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA)
and the FREE Network
Stockholm, Sweden
11th May 2022
2. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Motivation (I)
One out of three women worldwide experienced intimate-partner violence
(IPV) during their life (WHO, 2013).
Many consequences on health, education, socioeconomic characteristics and
well-being of victims, families and society.
In 2019 more than 2 millions of women have suffered physical or
psychological IPV in Spain in the last 12 months. 55 women murdered.
Reducing the prevalence of IPV: top of the policy agenda of many
governments and organizations (UN, 2010 & 2013).
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 2 / 23
3. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Motivation (II)
Underreporting IPV crimes is also common: only between 20% and 32%
victims claim in a court.
Not reporting IPV matters. It is one of the main problems for effectiveness
of public policies.
Why IPV cases are not reported? Complex, lengthy and tiresome judicial
procedure, personal and familiar barriers and emotional costs.
Increasing reporting might lead to detect and prevent more severe IPV
cases through deterrence or incapacitation.
Public policies orientated to facilitate judicial process for victims and increase
the celerity might help to increase the reporting.
One of these measures might be the creation of specialized IPV courts.
Policy implemented by a few governments (Australia, Canada, UK, USA).
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 3 / 23
4. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
This paper
In 2004 specialized courts on IPV were created in Spain for the first time.
We exploit the sequential roll-out IPV specialized courts in Spain with a
difference in difference model.
Preview of results:
Opening an IPV court improves the celerity in which these cases are resolved.
Opening an IPV court increases the reporting of IPV cases in court by nearly
22%.
Not significant effects on most severe IPV cases with less misreporting.
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 4 / 23
5. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Contribution
Specialization in Domestic Violence Courts
Opening a specialized court speed up case processing (Angene, 2000).
Collaborative efforts between agents increased victim participation leading to a
decrease in DV recidivism (Tolman & Weisz, 1995; Cissner, Labriola &
Rempel, 2013).
Do DV judges make different decisions? (Golestani, Owens & Raissian, 2021)
exploit quasi-random variation in judge allocation to show that DV judges are
less likely to convict, but if guilty, more likely to be incarcerated and also more
future court appearances.
Public policy and the reporting of IPV cases:
Opening "all women police stations" increased reported crime against women
by 22% (Amaral, Bhalotra & Prakash, 2019; Sviatschi & Trako, 2021)
We contribute providing for the first time evidence on the effect of the
creation of specialized IPV courts on the reporting and additionally on most
severe cases.
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 5 / 23
6. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Institutional framework
Specialized IPV courts were sequentially created in Spain starting in 2005 to
2011.
All IPV cases are absorbed by specialized IPV courts in those judicial
districts in which a specialized IPV court was created.
If not an IPV court in the district, IPV cases treated in an ordinary court.
Specialized IPV courts vs ordinary courts:
Judge specialization: training course, working experience, non-formal skills.
Case specialization: the judge only reviews IPV cases, not as in ordinary
courts (auctions...).
Availability of resources: more victim-orientated (curtains...)
Would these differences in resources make IPV courts more approachable to
women leading to increases in reporting?
Availability of resources potentially increase reporting and might allow to
anticipate and prevent most severe IPV cases.
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 6 / 23
7. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Figure: Chronology of the openning of IPV specialized courts in Spain (Peninsula)
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 7 / 23
8. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Data
Data source: General Council of the Judiciary (Consejo General del Poder
Judicial, CGPJ)
Yearly information between 2005-2018 on IPV individual cases at the court
level aggregated at judicial district level.
Currently 76 judicial districts with specialized IPV courts.
Average length of a case in a IPV court around 50 days whereas in an
ordinary first instance around 110 days on average (2018). scheme
We estimate the effects of opening an IPV court exploiting their sequential
roll-out between 2006 and 2011 in 60 out of the 431 judicial districts.
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 8 / 23
9. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Identification strategy (I)
Challenge: districts in which an IPV court is opened differ in levels and
trends from those without it. Table 1 Figure 2
We combine matching + DID techniques.
Firstly, we identify a relevant control group for treated judicial districts based
on the outcome variable and other characteristics before IPV court opening.
Separately for each cohort of districts in which an IPV court is opened every
year (Machin and Sandi, 2020).
Within each cohort of treated districts, we identify the nearest neighbor
without IPV court in terms of pre-treatment values of the outcome variable,
population and unemployment.
We do not use the districts cohort in which a court was opened in 2005 (big
cities, previous data not observed)
Similar treatment and control districts in terms of variables of interest. Figure 3
Table A4
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 9 / 23
10. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Identification strategy (II)
Secondly, estimating the following diff-diff model over the matched sample of
judicial districts:
Yict = βIPV Court×POSTict +Yeart +Judicial Districti +Cohortc +Postct +uit
(1)
Y: set of outcome variables measuring reporting of IPV cases in court.
c, i and t: cohort, the judicial district and year observed.
Cohort: vector of dummy variables that indicate the wave of treatment-control
of the district.
JudicialDistrict: vector of dummies for each district in the sample.
Variable of interest: interaction between IPV Court ×POST
(equal to 1 if the judicial district i in year t has a specialized IPV court).
β yields therefore the effect of the creation of an IPV court in the judicial
district on the outcome of interest.
Assumption: in absence of opening an IPV court, the evolution of the
outcomes would have been the same in both districts. Existence of parallel
trends tested by leads and lags regression (Autor, 2003).
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 10 / 23
11. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Results (I)
Substantial increase in celerity: reduced the number of days to resolution of
IPV cases by 61% and in the % of total IPV cases in the court that are
resolved within a year.
The opening of a specialized IPV court increases by 16%-22% the yearly
number of reported IPV cases. We can interpret as an increase in the
percentage of IPV victims to report their cases as the share of convicted does
not changed.
We find an increase in the number of individuals convicted for IPV but the %
of individuals convicted out of the total individuals judged remains the same.
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 11 / 23
12. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 12 / 23
13. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Results (II)
What type of IPV offenses reported have increased after the creation of these
courts?
Mainly driven by an increase in IPV offenses reported that do not involve a
physical injure that require follow-up medical attention.
However, it seems that the creation of these specialized courts do not help to
avoid more serious cases of IPV, homicides and breach of judicial orders.
Misreporting of severe IPV cases is arguably small.
We do not see that the creation of IPV courts increases the number of
protection orders. Consistent with the increase in IPV cases after their
opening that judges perceive they do not require protection order.
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 13 / 23
14. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 14 / 23
15. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 15 / 23
16. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Robustness
We test the robustness of the results to the use of stepwise procedure for a
data driven selection of matching covariates.
We also test the results to the inclusion of region-year FE in the specification
since regional governments in Spain are the main administrative level below
the central government at which policies are implemented.
Results are not confounded by policies implemented around the same time
affecting the reporting of IPV.
Including outcome variables defined cases per 100,000 inhabitants.
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 16 / 23
17. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Conclusions
IPV has negative consequences for well-being and health of the victims and
families and many socioeconomic implications. Despite its importance in
government agendas, many IPV cases are still underreported.
The staggered roll-out of IPV courts in Spain is an ideal scenario to test the
effect of this policy.
Improves the celerity in which these cases are settled and the total number of
convicted individuals for IPV.
Opening of a specialized IPV court increases the reporting of IPV cases by
16%-22%.
The increase in IPV cases is mainly driven by increase in IPV offenses that do
not involve physical injure
Unfortunately, it does not lead to a reduction of most severe forms of IPV or
homicides.
Our results might help to understand how IPV courts shape the reporting of
offenses, which will contribute to design public policies to face IPV.
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 17 / 23
18. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
Figure: Scheme of procedures at Violence against Women Courts in Spain
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 18 / 23
19. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 19 / 23
20. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 20 / 23
21. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 21 / 23
22. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 22 / 23
23. Introduction Institutional framework Empirical strategy Results Conclusions
García-Hombrados & Martínez-Matute Specialized courts and reporting of IPV 11th May 2022 23 / 23