This document discusses a study on the financial freedom of Filipinos through personal finance management. It begins by establishing the background and research paradigm, then states the problem as a lack of financial literacy among many people. It proceeds to list the research questions and hypotheses. The respondents are described as 150 employees from 10 multinational companies in the Philippines. Statistical analysis methods are then outlined, followed by conclusions drawn from the results and recommendations to improve personal finance practices.
“Intuition as a factor of investment choice of female faculty members”Dr. Gargi Pant Shukla
Executive Summary:
Retirement planning is an integral and the most important part of financial planning for any individual. Every individual looks for¬ward to spend¬ing the post retire¬ment years in the lap of luxury. In the recent years the requirement of financial planner is so high and the financial planners have been available to help the clients to develop retirement plans. Only 10% of the population in India goes for the retirement planning or some social security. In this paper researchers have studied towards retirement planning and the investment behavior of female faculty members towards retirement planning avenues. A person needs to take challenging investment decisions in order to optimally plan for retirement. These decisions as per finance theories have been motivated by reasoning while unfortunately the intuition aspect has been portrayed in a negative manner by behavioural finance advocates. The research is an attempt to study the investment behaviour of female faculty member towards retirement planning avenue. In this paper researchers have found that the female faculty members’ investment in various retirement planning avenues is heavily influenced by intuition thus supporting HDMM (HOLISTIC DECISION MAKING MODEL).
“Intuition as a factor of investment choice of female faculty members”Dr. Gargi Pant Shukla
Executive Summary:
Retirement planning is an integral and the most important part of financial planning for any individual. Every individual looks for¬ward to spend¬ing the post retire¬ment years in the lap of luxury. In the recent years the requirement of financial planner is so high and the financial planners have been available to help the clients to develop retirement plans. Only 10% of the population in India goes for the retirement planning or some social security. In this paper researchers have studied towards retirement planning and the investment behavior of female faculty members towards retirement planning avenues. A person needs to take challenging investment decisions in order to optimally plan for retirement. These decisions as per finance theories have been motivated by reasoning while unfortunately the intuition aspect has been portrayed in a negative manner by behavioural finance advocates. The research is an attempt to study the investment behaviour of female faculty member towards retirement planning avenue. In this paper researchers have found that the female faculty members’ investment in various retirement planning avenues is heavily influenced by intuition thus supporting HDMM (HOLISTIC DECISION MAKING MODEL).
This general financial strategies seminar is designed to empower women to excel in managing their finances. It discusses issues specific to women\'s personal and financial concerns for each stage of life.
Running Head FINANCIAL LITERACY1FINANCIAL LITERACY10.docxwlynn1
Running Head: FINANCIAL LITERACY 1
FINANCIAL LITERACY 10
Financial Literacy
Professor’s Name
Student’s Name
Course Title
Date
Financial Literacy
Introduction
Any average investor of American origin usually makes financial decisions, specifically when it comes to retirement and saving. Some of the costly errors include the failure in making sure that there is receipt of the employer matching contribution towards your saving, inadequate saving, the payment of excess interest costs and excessive fees and the substandard diversification (Deuflhard et al., 2019). The evident prepondence portrays a picture of the general inadequacy of understanding for return, risk and diversification in the stock markets.
The financial literacy is the capability of understanding and correctly applying the financial management skills (Deuflhard et al., 2019). The act of managing debts properly, calculating interests properly, effective planning for finances as well as understanding the time value of money is what financial literacy entails.
The resulting poor financial behaviours and the financial knowledge low levels with the effect being seen in the troubled context of the pension’s disappearance and the improved personal responsibility in terms of the retirement plans well seen in the defined patterns of contribution plans is a good proof that financial literacy is becoming a common phenomenon. In the modern finance, there is a component of punishing financial ignorance and rewarding of the do it yourself component of necessitated by financial knowledge. The lack of regulation of the financial markets and the comparatively easy access to credit has increased further the appetite for financial knowledge (Calcagno et al., 2019). Most individuals are now responsible for making their own investment choices and could end erring in security selection and the asset allocation or even both.
Financial Literacy background information
Financial literacy refers to the ability to effectively and efficiently manage and evaluate your finances so that you make prudent decision geared towards attaining your life goals and achieve the financial well-being (Calcagno et al., 2019). When you are financially literate, you will protect yourself from being exploited either through questionable investments or identity fraud and this allows you to meet the everyday or basic needs.
How financial literacy affects your daily life
There are five basic components or areas in personal finance that people need to acquint themselves for them to become financially stable (Deuflhard et al., 2019). Capturing and making these areas part of your life is important in many aspects of our day to day life and that include;
Income and money
Education, career choices and job skills all affect our finances and income. There has always been a trade-off between effort and time, rewards and money. Time will always be in tandem with money. When you working for a living which many of us.
A recent behavioral finance webinar from Unified Trust delivered by Dr. Gregory Kasten. Link to the replay can be found below.
http://bit.ly/BehavioralFinanceWebinar
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Assignment 1 Discussion QuestionThe management of current asset.docxfredharris32
Assignment 1: Discussion Question
The management of current assets and current liabilities in the short run can lead to several challenges for the financial manager. What are some of the more common challenges or problems encountered by the firm in this regard, and what are the possible solutions? Explain your answers.
Assignment 2: Discussion Question
Financial mangers make decisions today that will affect the firm in the future. The dollars used for investment expenditures made today are different from the cash flows to be realized in the future. What are these differences? What are some of the techniques that can be used to adjust for these differences?
Assignment 3: Discussion Question
Valuation of a firm’s financial assets is said to be based on what is expected in the future, in terms of the future performance of the firm, the industry, and the economy. What types of value would you consider when assigning “value” to a firm’s stock or bond? What is the significance of each of the different types of value in the valuation process? Use examples to support your response.
Assignment 4: Discussion Question
The finance department of a large corporation has evaluated a possible capital project using the NPV method, the Payback Method, and the IRR method. The analysts are puzzled, since the NPV indicated rejection, but the IRR and Payback methods both indicated acceptance. Explain why this conflicting situation might occur and what conclusions the analyst should accept, indicating the shortcomings and the advantages of each method. Assuming the data is correct, which method will most likely provide the most accurate decisions and why?
Course Overview (1 of 3)
Defining Finance
Broadly defined, finance is the study of how people manage scarce resources in general, and money and other financial resources in particular. There are two important features that distinguish financial decisions from other types of decisions. The benefits and costs of financial decisions are spread out over time and usually shrouded in uncertainty.
These decisions are made in a financial environment that includes the financial system, institutions, markets, and participants such as individual households, businesses, and governments. It is important to note that a well developed and properly functioning financial system enables the economy to operate efficiently and contributes to the economic growth and development of the country.
Brief History of Finance
Finance emerged as a separate field of study in the U.S. in the early 1900s. At that time finance was taught primarily as a descriptive subject using anecdotes and rules of thumb. The focus at that time was on the formation of new firms, the various types of securities firms can issue to raise funds and the legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions. This continued to be the focus all through the 1920s.
However, during the 1930s the focus shifted to the study of bankruptcy and reorganization, corporate liqu ...
Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisionsijtsrd
The objective of the study is to find the impact of financial knowledge of investors on their investment making decisions. Investors are said to rational but due to the human nature, biasness comes into picture while making investment decisions. Financial literacy and financial knowledge are taken as an imperative terms for regulating human nature of investors while making essential investment decisions The study was conducted on 150 investors in the city of PUNE. The data was collected through structured questionnaire and data so obtained was analyzed with the help of SPSS software. Sunil Deshpande | Dr. Sanjay Patankar "Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42536.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42536/impact-of-financial-knowledge-of-investors-investment-making-decisions/sunil-deshpande
Effectiveness of Personal Finance among Selected Skilled – Working Expatriate...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the study entitled “Effectiveness of Personal
Finance among Selected Skilled – Working Expatriates in the
Kingdom of Bahrain”, the research sought answers on the
following specific problems and drawn inferences that
relatively identified factors on personal finance. Specifically,
the research included fifty respondents having twenty – five
(25) males and twenty - five (25) skilled – working expatriates
who are connected with various companies in the Kingdom.
Through survey – questionnaires, data were gathered,
collected, and were used as basis of analysis subject to
statistical treatments that include frequency count, weighted
means and comparison through t – test.
The study has inferred the level of effectiveness of
personal finance among selected skilled – working expatriates
as Effective with a combined average weighted mean of 4.20
and with a test result of Not Significant leading to the
decision to fail to reject the null hypothesis. while the degree
of seriousness of the problems encountered by selected skilled
– working expatriates revealed that their top difficulty is
financial wellness factored by salary reasons, compensation,
debt and liabilities and the inflations in the prices across
almost basic demands and social and living costs.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
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This general financial strategies seminar is designed to empower women to excel in managing their finances. It discusses issues specific to women\'s personal and financial concerns for each stage of life.
Running Head FINANCIAL LITERACY1FINANCIAL LITERACY10.docxwlynn1
Running Head: FINANCIAL LITERACY 1
FINANCIAL LITERACY 10
Financial Literacy
Professor’s Name
Student’s Name
Course Title
Date
Financial Literacy
Introduction
Any average investor of American origin usually makes financial decisions, specifically when it comes to retirement and saving. Some of the costly errors include the failure in making sure that there is receipt of the employer matching contribution towards your saving, inadequate saving, the payment of excess interest costs and excessive fees and the substandard diversification (Deuflhard et al., 2019). The evident prepondence portrays a picture of the general inadequacy of understanding for return, risk and diversification in the stock markets.
The financial literacy is the capability of understanding and correctly applying the financial management skills (Deuflhard et al., 2019). The act of managing debts properly, calculating interests properly, effective planning for finances as well as understanding the time value of money is what financial literacy entails.
The resulting poor financial behaviours and the financial knowledge low levels with the effect being seen in the troubled context of the pension’s disappearance and the improved personal responsibility in terms of the retirement plans well seen in the defined patterns of contribution plans is a good proof that financial literacy is becoming a common phenomenon. In the modern finance, there is a component of punishing financial ignorance and rewarding of the do it yourself component of necessitated by financial knowledge. The lack of regulation of the financial markets and the comparatively easy access to credit has increased further the appetite for financial knowledge (Calcagno et al., 2019). Most individuals are now responsible for making their own investment choices and could end erring in security selection and the asset allocation or even both.
Financial Literacy background information
Financial literacy refers to the ability to effectively and efficiently manage and evaluate your finances so that you make prudent decision geared towards attaining your life goals and achieve the financial well-being (Calcagno et al., 2019). When you are financially literate, you will protect yourself from being exploited either through questionable investments or identity fraud and this allows you to meet the everyday or basic needs.
How financial literacy affects your daily life
There are five basic components or areas in personal finance that people need to acquint themselves for them to become financially stable (Deuflhard et al., 2019). Capturing and making these areas part of your life is important in many aspects of our day to day life and that include;
Income and money
Education, career choices and job skills all affect our finances and income. There has always been a trade-off between effort and time, rewards and money. Time will always be in tandem with money. When you working for a living which many of us.
A recent behavioral finance webinar from Unified Trust delivered by Dr. Gregory Kasten. Link to the replay can be found below.
http://bit.ly/BehavioralFinanceWebinar
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Assignment 1 Discussion QuestionThe management of current asset.docxfredharris32
Assignment 1: Discussion Question
The management of current assets and current liabilities in the short run can lead to several challenges for the financial manager. What are some of the more common challenges or problems encountered by the firm in this regard, and what are the possible solutions? Explain your answers.
Assignment 2: Discussion Question
Financial mangers make decisions today that will affect the firm in the future. The dollars used for investment expenditures made today are different from the cash flows to be realized in the future. What are these differences? What are some of the techniques that can be used to adjust for these differences?
Assignment 3: Discussion Question
Valuation of a firm’s financial assets is said to be based on what is expected in the future, in terms of the future performance of the firm, the industry, and the economy. What types of value would you consider when assigning “value” to a firm’s stock or bond? What is the significance of each of the different types of value in the valuation process? Use examples to support your response.
Assignment 4: Discussion Question
The finance department of a large corporation has evaluated a possible capital project using the NPV method, the Payback Method, and the IRR method. The analysts are puzzled, since the NPV indicated rejection, but the IRR and Payback methods both indicated acceptance. Explain why this conflicting situation might occur and what conclusions the analyst should accept, indicating the shortcomings and the advantages of each method. Assuming the data is correct, which method will most likely provide the most accurate decisions and why?
Course Overview (1 of 3)
Defining Finance
Broadly defined, finance is the study of how people manage scarce resources in general, and money and other financial resources in particular. There are two important features that distinguish financial decisions from other types of decisions. The benefits and costs of financial decisions are spread out over time and usually shrouded in uncertainty.
These decisions are made in a financial environment that includes the financial system, institutions, markets, and participants such as individual households, businesses, and governments. It is important to note that a well developed and properly functioning financial system enables the economy to operate efficiently and contributes to the economic growth and development of the country.
Brief History of Finance
Finance emerged as a separate field of study in the U.S. in the early 1900s. At that time finance was taught primarily as a descriptive subject using anecdotes and rules of thumb. The focus at that time was on the formation of new firms, the various types of securities firms can issue to raise funds and the legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions. This continued to be the focus all through the 1920s.
However, during the 1930s the focus shifted to the study of bankruptcy and reorganization, corporate liqu ...
Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisionsijtsrd
The objective of the study is to find the impact of financial knowledge of investors on their investment making decisions. Investors are said to rational but due to the human nature, biasness comes into picture while making investment decisions. Financial literacy and financial knowledge are taken as an imperative terms for regulating human nature of investors while making essential investment decisions The study was conducted on 150 investors in the city of PUNE. The data was collected through structured questionnaire and data so obtained was analyzed with the help of SPSS software. Sunil Deshpande | Dr. Sanjay Patankar "Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42536.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42536/impact-of-financial-knowledge-of-investors-investment-making-decisions/sunil-deshpande
Effectiveness of Personal Finance among Selected Skilled – Working Expatriate...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the study entitled “Effectiveness of Personal
Finance among Selected Skilled – Working Expatriates in the
Kingdom of Bahrain”, the research sought answers on the
following specific problems and drawn inferences that
relatively identified factors on personal finance. Specifically,
the research included fifty respondents having twenty – five
(25) males and twenty - five (25) skilled – working expatriates
who are connected with various companies in the Kingdom.
Through survey – questionnaires, data were gathered,
collected, and were used as basis of analysis subject to
statistical treatments that include frequency count, weighted
means and comparison through t – test.
The study has inferred the level of effectiveness of
personal finance among selected skilled – working expatriates
as Effective with a combined average weighted mean of 4.20
and with a test result of Not Significant leading to the
decision to fail to reject the null hypothesis. while the degree
of seriousness of the problems encountered by selected skilled
– working expatriates revealed that their top difficulty is
financial wellness factored by salary reasons, compensation,
debt and liabilities and the inflations in the prices across
almost basic demands and social and living costs.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
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1. Financial Freedom of Filipinos in Personal
Finance Management
Christian Anthony Ruiz Flores
2. Background of the Study
Financial Freedom of Filipinos in Personal Finance
Management are composed of four categories, namely
Cash management, Debt management, Risk
management, and Wealth management (CDRW) where
we can achieve financial freedom using different
financial instrument thru comprehensive financial
planning.
4. Statement of the Problem
Most of the people don’t know the purpose of each financial
instrument and its importance to personal finance portfolio to get
true financial wellness and be prepared for any uncertainties in life
– that’s because of lack of financial literacy. People with lack of
financial awareness always think how to spend their cash, when
they get their salary or bonuses, they think immediately how to
spend all their money on-hand, those things that they don’t need
but just to impress other people. They don’t ever think or ask their
selves – what if they save or invest their money, so they will earn
more or double their money in certain time. Hence, this study
attempts to answer the following questions:
5. Statement of the Problem
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Sex,
1.2 Civil Status,
1.3 Age, and
1.4 Number of children?
2. What is the work profile of the respondents with respect to:
2.1 Work Position,
2.2 Number of years working,
2.3 Monthly Income?
6. Statement of the Problem
3. How do the respondents assess their personal finance in relation to:
3.1 Cash management,
3.2 Debt management,
3.3 Risk Management, and
3.4 Wealth Management?
4. What is the degree of financial freedom of the respondents in relation to the
aforementioned variables stated in Problem No. 3
5. To what extend do cash management, debt management, risk management,
and wealth management significantly contribute to the financial
freedom of the respondents?
7. Hypothesis of the Study
The hypothesis of the study is as follows:
1. Cash management does not significantly contribute to the financial
freedom of the respondents.
2. Debt management does not significantly contribute to the financial
freedom of the respondents.
3. Risk management does not significantly contribute to the financial
freedom of the respondents.
4. Wealth management does not significantly contribute to the financial
freedom of the respondents.
8. Respondent
The respondents of this study were limited to ten (10) multinational
companies listed in the Philippine stock exchange index. Out of the top
twenty (20) actively performing corporations the researcher chose ten based
on the business industry suggestion, criteria and accessible location. The list
of these institutions was obtained from the Philippine stock exchange.
Specifically, information was drawn from the executive top management,
middle management and the staff. A total of 150 respondents from all the
multinational corporations participated in the study. Fifty respondents were
purposively identified as members of the top management or executives, as
follows: forty middle management, and 60 management staff. These
respondents were randomly chosen.
9. Statistical Treatment of Data
Adopted personal finance management practices of the top management,
middle management, and the staff, problems encountered in the
implementation of these financial management practices, solutions adopted
to address these problems were presented in graphical or tabular form
showing frequencies or percentages and using ranking procedures.
Therefore, the researcher used weighted mean formula;
The researcher also used linear regression analysis formula;
10. Statistical Treatment of Data
The level of implementation of the adopted personal finance
management practices were determined through the use of the
weighted mean which is a measure of central tendency. The
interpretation of the results was based on the following scheme:
Another table was used for the degree of financial freedom.
Descriptive Scale Description
3.28 – 4.0 Strongly agree
2.52 – 3.27 Agree
1.76 – 2.51 Disagree
1.00 – 1.75 Strongly disagree
11. Conclusions
The following conclusions were derived from the result of the study.
1. As a result of findings to the demographic profile most of the
respondents are male more than female and majority of them are
married and they belong to the age from 31-40 with and majority of
having 1-2 children.
2. To sum things up of findings to the work profile most of the
respondents are in the rank and file position and majority of the
respondents are 11-18 years working and most of the respondents are
earning P30,000 or above.
12. Conclusions
3. As a final observation of findings in terms of personal finance variables
3.1 Cash Management. Majority agreed to the statement that “leaving cash at
home may not be protected if it is stolen or destroyed in the event of
robbery or fire and might accidentally throw it out or leave it behind.”
3.2 Debt Management. Most of the respondents agreed to the statement that
“pay off the most expensive debt first and pay more than the minimum
balance, so you can finish the highest interest debt and earn rebate thru
advance payment.”
3.3 Risk Management. Majority agreed to both statements;
“Your investment is a good way to make money, but not having health
coverage is the worst way to lose it all. Death causes family loss. You’re
the financial provider and unexpected happened. Your family will survive
physically but die financially.”
3.4 Wealth Management. Most of the respondents agreed to the statement that
“Investing early will help develop positive spending habits earlier on
because it teaches important lessons about budgeting, spending, and
savings – people who practice investing early are less likely to overspend or
be careless with their money in the long run.
13. Conclusions
4. In terms of financial freedom, the finding show the degree of financial
freedom having or efficient. However, their cash management is good and
needs for improvement.
5. In terms of hypothesis testing,
5.1 Hypothesis No. 1. Using multiple regression and statistical results, the
finding show Cash management does not significantly contribute
to the financial freedom of the respondents.
5.2 Hypothesis No. 2. The finding shows using multiple regression and
statistical results the Debt management does not significantly
contribute to the financial freedom of the respondents.
5.3 Hypothesis No. 3. Using multiple regression and statistical results, the
finding show Risk management does not significantly contribute
to the financial freedom of the respondents.
5.4 Hypothesis No. 4. The finding shows using multiple regression and
statistical results the Wealth management does not significantly
contribute to the financial freedom of the respondents.
14. Recommendations
In the view of the major findings and conclusions, the following are the
recommendations crafted to improve personal finance among different individuals:
1. Conduct a comparative study on the level of implementation of practices of individual if how
they manage their finances. Financial institutions operate in different environments; thus, it
would be interesting to find out if the level of implementation of practices in other
community also differs from the results provided by other studies, and thus further study is
recommended.
2. For the employees, financial institutions acknowledge the needs and importance of financial
and technical assistance in providing banking, insurance, and investment services. One
institution cannot deliver the breadth of financial services and assessing the business market
alone. Financial institutions must be bundled with other financial actors in sustaining
operation. Enjoining other interest groups like non-bank financial institutions can help
provide more significant contribution to the investment vehicles development and
sustainability.
15. Recommendations
3. Personal finance variables.
3.1 Cash Management. Saving cash in the bank for emergency fund use, even your money is
decreasing due to inflation, it is still important to save money in the bank that can be
accessed quickly for unexpected expenses. The purpose of saving money in the bank is not to beat
the inflation, but to keep the money secured against theft, insects, have depositor
insurance (PDIC), and prepare the emergency fund – (1) money set aside that can be accessed
quickly for unexpected expenses. (2) Vital for emergencies including natural disasters and
unexpected life situations. (3) Generally, 3-6 months of living expenses.
3.2 Debt Management. Mismanaging your debt can lead to disaster of your financial portfolio and
personal credit standing in NFIS (negative finding information system. Pay in advanced the
upcoming due date to get rebate and you can use that rebate for your other bills or needs. To
become debt-free you can use these strategies (1) create a budget, (2) pay off the most
expensive debt first, (3) pay more than the minimum balance, (4) halt your credit card spending,
(5) put work bonuses toward debt, (6) delete credit card information from online stores, (7)
sell unwanted gifts and household items, (8) change your habits, then reward yourself when you
reach milestones.
16. Recommendations
3.3 Risk Management. Managing the risk is the purpose of insurance. In life insurance, I
don’t call it “Life Insurance,” I call it “Love Insurance.” We buy it because we want to
leave a legacy for those we love. Non-life coverage can protect either people or their
belongings, it is a broad category, including on both people and things.
3.4 Wealth Management. The significance of investment to generate wealth, in finance, an
investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide
income in the future or will later be sold at a higher price for a profit. The “term
investment” can refer to any mechanism used for generating future income. In the
financial sense, this includes the purchase of bonds, stocks, pooled funds, investing in
business, or real estate property. “Invest in things that will make you rich, not on
things that only make you look or feel rich.” There are two kinds of income; active
income is the income you work for (your time in exchange for money) and passive
income is the income that works for you (other’s people time and assets for money).
17. Recommendations
4. In terms of Financial freedom, It can be said that the different areas of
personal finance discussed in this paper have indeed served as an avenue
for making the financial portfolio of individual to have efficient and effective
in achieving their financial goals. These practices prove that they are
instrumental in the sustainability and development to achieve financial
freedom. The top management, middle management, and rank and file need
to study their budget, expenses, and how much to start allocating their
funds immediately to ensure the smooth implementation of the personal
finance practices.
18. Recommendations
5. In terms of hypothesis testing,
5.1 Hypothesis No. 1. Cash management does not significantly contribute to the financial freedom
of the respondents. However, it is still important to save money in the bank that can be
accessed quickly for unexpected expenses.
5.2 Hypothesis No. 2. Debt management does not significantly contribute to the financial freedom
of the respondents. However, to manage debt, it is highly advisable to pay first the
loan with high interest because it will drag your financial down, so you better finish it
immediately.
5.3 Hypothesis No. 3. Risk management does not significantly contribute to the financial freedom
of the respondents. However, managing the risk is the purpose of insurance.
5.4 Hypothesis No. 4. Wealth management does not significantly contribute to the financial
freedom of the respondents. However, the significance of investment to generate
wealth, in finance, an investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the
asset will provide income in the future or will later be sold at a higher price for a
profit.