Spagna eng

E
Terraced Landscapes: experiences and “good
practices” in Italy and Europe:
SPAIN
Sabina Asins Velis
Departamento de Planificación Territorial
Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación-CSIC
Departamento de Geografía
Universitat de València
LAVORARE IL PAESAGGIO
Terrazzamenti e muri a secco tra identità e valori
Cembra, Italia, 4 maggio 2013

Indice
1/ INTRODUCTION
2/ GOOD PRACTICES IN SPAIN
2.1/ Terraced Agricultural Areas
2.2/ Cultural Heritage
3/ Narural and Cultural Risks (Abandonement)
4/ Final Remarks

The function of the terraced landscapes in the
European agricultural and rural model
Industrial
agriculture
Commercial
agriculture
Territorial
agriculture
SPECIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE
1/ INTRODUCTION

TERRITORIAL
AGRICULTURE
Society
Economy
Politics
Ecology
SOCIO-
ECOLOGICAL
SYSTEM
Territorial policy of the European Union
(social-environmental)
1/ INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES
TO INCLUDE THEM, AMONG OTHERS, IN THE
SPATIAL PLANNING and RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
TO ANALYSE ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
RISKS DUE TO ABANDONMENT
TO IDENTIFY SUCCESSFUL TECHNIQUES AND GOOD PRACTICES
Case studies
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES EVALUATION
Historical analysis
1/ INTRODUCTION

2/ GOOD PRACTICES IN SPAIN
2.1/ TERRACED AGRICULTURAL AREAS, IN PRODUCTION
2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Valencian Community:
To preserve active
agriculture in those
areas in which
traditional techniques
are functionals, and
allow the introduction of
machinery
Foto: S. Asins

“It seems a forest, so well planted of olive-trees”
Cavanilles, 1797
Foto: S. Asins

Catalonia:
To combine historical tradition with
agricultural products (linking
archaeological sites with wine
commercial marks)
Foto: S. Asins

Almería:
Quality marks: “Oil of the Desert”
Foto: S. Asins

Balearic Islands:
To promote the participation of the private
sector in the recovery and conservation of the
rural landscape and terraced areas
Foto: S. Asins

To promote knowledge transfer
between generations
(EU-Rural Development Plans)
Foto: S. Asins

To declare Protected Areas in singular
landscapes, historically terraced
Foto: S. Asins

To aprove laws, linking rural
development and landscape protection
(“Ley de Ordenación del Territorio y
Protección del Paisaje de la Comunidad
Valenciana”)
Foto: S. Asins

To recover traditional terraced
landscapes to promote rural tourism
Rural hotel
“La Esperanza”,
Petrer (Alicante)
Foto: Heliodoro

Fuente: De Pedro (1998)
Grau et al., 2004
To finance research projects to
investigate historical terracements
LA LLOMA DE BETXÍ
(Paterna,
Valencia)
Bronze Age
Beginning of the
II millennium cal. BC

Roman terraces: La Sierra de Francia
Main researchers: J. Sánchez Palencia y M. Ruiz del Árbol- CSIC
Foto: S. Palencia y Ruiz del Árbol

Roman terraces: Peña Redonda (Villardiegua de la Ribera, Zamora)
Main researchers CSIC: Dres. J. Sánchez-Palencia, A. Orejas y M. Ruiz del Árbol
Fotos: S. Palencia, Orejas y Ruiz del Árbol

Foto: J.M. Ruizabedul
alamo
roble
castaño
encina pino
olmo
enebro
sauce avellano
brezo
aliso
ÉPOCA PRERROMANA
ÉPOCA ROMANA
ÉPOCA POSTROMANA
ÉPOCA PRERROMANA
ÉPOCA ROMANA
ÉPOCA POSTROMANA
Fuente: M. Ruiz del Árbol
Foto: Palencia y Ruíz del Árbol
Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Planning-CIDE

Foto: F. Jarque
Foto: S. Asins
Foto: S. Asins

Dibujo: A.J. Cavanilles, 1793

Foto: F. Jarque

Fotos: S. Asins

Dibujo: J.Mª Bernabe
Foto: S. Asins

Foto: S. AsinsFoto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

Foto: Archivo Municipal de Petrer (Alicante)

Petrer (Alicante), middle of the XX century

PETRER (ALICANTE)

3/ NATURAL AND CULTURAL RISKS
(AGRICULTURAL ABANDONMENT)

3/ RISKS: FOREST FIRES
Consequences of agricultural abandonment
Foto: S. Asins

To recover terraced areas in the vicinity of the villages to prevent forest fires:
Horizontal and vertical discontinuity (vegetation)
Disminish the velocity of fire propagation
 Security belt (rural villages) Foto: S. A

Foto: Juan Sánchez

3/ RISKS: EROSION
Fotos: S. Asins

3/ RISKS: CULTURAL HERITAGE LOSS
Fotos: S. Asins

Foto: S. AsinsFoto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

CASE STUDIES:
- Field work
- Archives
- Cartography
Foto: S. Asins
FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Capacidad y Vulnerabilidad
1.Capacidad Muy Baja / Vulnerabilidad Alta
2.Capacidad Muy Baja / Vulnerabilidad Alta
3.Capacidad Baja / Vulnerabilidad Alta
4.Capacidad Moderada / Vulnerabilidad Moderada
5.Capacidad Elevada / Vulnerabilidad Baja
6. Capacidad Baja / Vulnerabilidad Moderada
7. Capacidad Muy Baja / Vulnerabilidad Alta
Fuente: Depto. Planificación Territorial-CIDE
FIELD WORK

XVIII Century
Mapa: Archivo del Reino de Valencia
XXI century
Ortofoto: Instituto Cartográfico Valenciano
ARCHIVES

Fuente: Archivo Municipal Petrer (Alicante)
ARCHIVES

Petrer
(Alicante)
Fuente: Asins y Carrillos, 2009
CARTOGRAPHY

EVOLUTION OF THE
TERRACED
LANDSCAPE
Petrer (Alicante)
Agricultural area:100% terraced
Fuente: Asins y Carrillos, 2009
CARTOGRAPHY

0 10 20 30 40 Kilometers
N
#
#
#
Castellón
Valencia
Alicante
Fuente: Asins, 2009
Estimated terraced area
(Valencian Community)
CARTOGRAPHY

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE
WORLD BANK
ICONOGRAPHIC SYSTEM
AGRICULTURE AND SOIL
PROTECTION
Fuente: IPOGEA
http://www.tkwb.org
INCLUSION IN THE
DATA BASE OF THE
INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISMS

WATER MANAGEMENT
Fuente: IPOGEA
http://www.tkwb.org

SOCIAL ASPECTS AND
TERRITORIAL PLANNING
Fuente: IPOGEA
http://www.tkwb.org

- To include principles of sustainability in a multisectoral
framework (territorial approach and multilevel
collaboration)
- Local and regional agents involvement
- To promote new relation-ways between rural and urban
areas
- Transversal: to be linked with conventions and regulations
as important as: European Landscape Convention, Water
Framework Directive, Rural Development Policies, etc.
POLICIES

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