Soudip Sinha Roy is an individual. He has a name that consists of three parts: a first name, a middle name, and a last name. The document provides identifying information about one specific person.
This document provides a summary of Ajay's professional experience and skills as an Oracle Database Administrator. It outlines over 7 years of experience in areas such as Oracle database installation, configuration, maintenance, performance tuning, backup and recovery, high availability, and more. Technologies include Oracle 11g, 10g, 9i, RAC, ASM, Data Guard, and Linux, Solaris, AIX, and Windows operating systems. Ajay currently works as an Oracle DBA at Fidelis Health Care where he supports over 100 databases ranging in size from 30GB to 50TB.
This document discusses carbon nanotubes and boron nanotubes. It provides details on their production methods, properties such as strength and electrical conductivity, applications, and potential health hazards. Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon that exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties. They can be produced through arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Boron nanotubes are anticipated to exist based on their similarity to carbon nanotubes, but have not been fully characterized. The document outlines some of their potential sorption properties.
Haiku Deck is a presentation platform that allows users to create Haiku-style slideshows. The document encourages the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare by providing a link to do so. It aims to inspire the reader to try out Haiku Deck's unique presentation style.
This document presents a timeless elegance collection featuring quotes from Marilyn Monroe, Leonardo da Vinci, and Habeeb Akande about beauty, simplicity, and elegance. The collection includes pieces called The Serpentine, MonroeAudrey, Pastel Chic, and Polka Blues from different locations like Bordeaux and Cayman.
LinkedIn Workshop: Profiles and Publishing (Digital Marketing Today)Julian Gamboa
In Digital Marketing Today, it is essential for students to market themselves to the best of their abilities so that they can stand out from the pool of applicants during their interviews. In this lecture, we covered how to have a true "All-Star" LinkedIn profile as well as how publishing works and the ways to add it to your portfolio.
This document examines Chinese consumers' intention to use imported soy-based dietary supplements based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The study analyzed three models - the standard TPB model and two alternative models that integrated Chinese dietary culture variables. A survey was conducted with 215 subjects in Shanghai, China measuring TPB variables (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention) and Chinese dietary culture variables (soyfoods favorability, dining-out sociability). Regression analyses found all three models significantly predicted intention. Attitude, perceived behavioral control, and dining-out sociability positively influenced intention, while soyfoods favorability negatively moderated the relationship between attitude and intention. Subjective norm did not significantly impact
This document provides a summary of Ajay's professional experience and skills as an Oracle Database Administrator. It outlines over 7 years of experience in areas such as Oracle database installation, configuration, maintenance, performance tuning, backup and recovery, high availability, and more. Technologies include Oracle 11g, 10g, 9i, RAC, ASM, Data Guard, and Linux, Solaris, AIX, and Windows operating systems. Ajay currently works as an Oracle DBA at Fidelis Health Care where he supports over 100 databases ranging in size from 30GB to 50TB.
This document discusses carbon nanotubes and boron nanotubes. It provides details on their production methods, properties such as strength and electrical conductivity, applications, and potential health hazards. Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon that exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties. They can be produced through arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Boron nanotubes are anticipated to exist based on their similarity to carbon nanotubes, but have not been fully characterized. The document outlines some of their potential sorption properties.
Haiku Deck is a presentation platform that allows users to create Haiku-style slideshows. The document encourages the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare by providing a link to do so. It aims to inspire the reader to try out Haiku Deck's unique presentation style.
This document presents a timeless elegance collection featuring quotes from Marilyn Monroe, Leonardo da Vinci, and Habeeb Akande about beauty, simplicity, and elegance. The collection includes pieces called The Serpentine, MonroeAudrey, Pastel Chic, and Polka Blues from different locations like Bordeaux and Cayman.
LinkedIn Workshop: Profiles and Publishing (Digital Marketing Today)Julian Gamboa
In Digital Marketing Today, it is essential for students to market themselves to the best of their abilities so that they can stand out from the pool of applicants during their interviews. In this lecture, we covered how to have a true "All-Star" LinkedIn profile as well as how publishing works and the ways to add it to your portfolio.
This document examines Chinese consumers' intention to use imported soy-based dietary supplements based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The study analyzed three models - the standard TPB model and two alternative models that integrated Chinese dietary culture variables. A survey was conducted with 215 subjects in Shanghai, China measuring TPB variables (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention) and Chinese dietary culture variables (soyfoods favorability, dining-out sociability). Regression analyses found all three models significantly predicted intention. Attitude, perceived behavioral control, and dining-out sociability positively influenced intention, while soyfoods favorability negatively moderated the relationship between attitude and intention. Subjective norm did not significantly impact
Haiku Deck is a presentation platform that allows users to create Haiku-style slideshows. The document encourages the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare by providing a link to do so. It aims to inspire the reader to try out Haiku Deck's unique presentation style.
Haiku Deck is a presentation platform that allows users to create Haiku-style slideshows. The document encourages the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare by providing a link to do so. It aims to inspire the reader to try out Haiku Deck's unique presentation style.
The document discusses the passive voice and when it is useful or recommended to use. Specifically, the passive voice is useful when focusing on the person or thing acted upon, or when the actor is not important. It then provides examples of transforming sentences from the active to passive voice for simple present and past, present and past continuous, present perfect, past perfect, and future tenses.
Presentation esl part 1 and tech part 1Candice Clark
The document discusses key aspects of Indian culture, focusing on the Hindu religion. It describes Indian customs around relationships, greetings, clothing, food, and festivals like Diwali. Family is highly valued, elders are respected, and dress is modest and colorful. Food avoids beef and pork, using spices like turmeric and ginger. Major religions are Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, and Christianity. Festivals incorporate lights, dance, and elaborate weddings. Understanding Indian culture is important for Ontario teachers given the local Indian population.
Hellen Wangui Gathogo has extensive experience as the Executive Director/Vice President of ONE MORE DAY FOR CHILDREN Foundation since 2010. In this role, she is responsible for establishing and executing the organization's major goals and objectives, implementing board policies, providing leadership and direction, and evaluating operations. She coordinates activities through subordinates, represents the organization externally, and ensures compliance with Kenyan labor laws. Her experience also includes authoring publications on issues related to street children, alternative family care, and youth access to reproductive health services between 1996-2006.
This document summarizes a study conducted by two University of Vermont students on bicycle counting methods and sidewalk riding behavior in Burlington, VT. The students observed bicycle traffic at two intersections on North Street over 14 hours, counting 359 total bicycles. Their recommendations include establishing repeated count sites on key routes, including sidewalk riding observations in count methods, and comparing sidewalk riding on roads with and without bike infrastructure. The document provides background on existing count methods, the goals of the study, and the results of the students' pilot observational study and statistical analysis of sidewalk riding behavior.
The FARO Focus3D X 330 laser scanner uses a rotating mirror to emit a laser beam over a 300 degree vertical and 360 degree horizontal range to measure the distance and angles to objects. It captures these 3D scan data and transmits them wirelessly. With an increased range of up to 330 meters, integrated GPS, and reduced noise, the Focus3D X 330 provides highly precise 3D models for applications like surveying and construction in less time than previous models.
This study examined how ovulatory status, hormonal birth control use, relationship threat type (emotional vs. sexual infidelity), and rival attractiveness affect distress in women. The researchers found that normally cycling women reported higher distress during ovulation than the luteal phase, to threats of emotional infidelity over sexual infidelity, and to more attractive rivals over less attractive rivals. Patterns of distress differed between normally cycling women and those using hormonal birth control.
Anisa Sozaya Mohamed is a South African credit controller and accountant with over 20 years of experience in financial management, banking, and health insurance. She holds a Chartered Institute of Management Accountants accreditation. Her experience includes leadership roles managing credit control teams and implementing debt collection strategies. She is proficient in financial analysis and reporting, budgeting, and systems including Oracle and banking software.
Social Media & Metrics (Digital Marketing Today)Julian Gamboa
This document provides an overview of social media channels and metrics. It discusses popular platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and LinkedIn. It examines the unique aspects of each channel including original features, prime posting times, and engagement habits. The document also defines common metrics used to measure audience engagement and evaluate the performance of social media campaigns. These include engagement ratio, growth ratio, link clicks, and earnings per click. It provides tips on collecting baseline metrics and reporting social media performance over time.
The document compares Acucut knives manufactured using electroetching technology to grinded knives manufactured using conventional grinding processes. It states that electroetching improves the surface chemistry and microstructure of stainless steel, leaving a smooth, scratch-free surface and precise edges. In contrast, grinding can introduce surface scratches and uneven, rough edges. The document lists several advantages of Acucut knives over grinded knives such as more accurate incisions, tighter wound sealing, higher sharpness and consistency, and better wound healing.
The document discusses the author's visit to a newsstand and their observations of different sports magazines. The author was most inspired by Sports Illustrated, noting its unique and professional design including vivid color schemes, best cover photos, and well-designed table of contents. The document provided ideas for the author's own high school sports magazine, including ideas for the central image, cover lines, and two-page spreads.
Goa is a small state on India's west coast that was formerly an important trade center. It has 13 municipal councils and the city of Panaji makes up its regional organization. One of Goa's main environmental issues is mining, which has displaced around 100,000 people in north and south Goa from their homes.
A short Commentary on Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)Soudip Sinha Roy
This document provides an overview of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), a novel nanoscale technology for binary logic synthesis using single electron tunneling. QCA uses an array of quantum dots to represent bits and perform logic operations without transistors. The document discusses basic QCA concepts like cell layout, logic gates like XOR and pNAND, and mathematical models to describe electron tunneling and power dissipation in QCA devices using wave equations. It also mentions that QCA devices are generally constructed from materials like silicon, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, and indium antimonide.
A photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in several industrial processes, such as photolithography and photoengraving, to form a patterned coating on a surface.
Slide 1
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Slide 2
FM Signal Definition (cont.)
Slide 3
Discrete-Time FM Modulator
Slide 4
Single Tone FM Modulation
Slide 5
Single Tone FM (cont.)
Slide 6
Narrow Band FM
Slide 7
Bandwidth of an FM Signal
Slide 8
Demod. by a Frequency Discriminator
Slide 9
FM Discriminator (cont.)
Slide 10
Discriminator Using Pre-Envelope
Slide 11
Discriminator Using Pre-Envelope (cont.)
Slide 12
Discriminator Using Complex Envelope
Slide 13 Phase-Locked Loop Demodulator
Slide 14
PLL Analysis
Slide 15
PLL Analysis (cont. 1)
Slide 16
PLL Analysis (cont. 2)
Slide 17
Linearized Model for PLL
Slide 18
Proof PLL is a Demod for FM
Slide 19
Comments on PLL Performance
Slide 20
FM PLL vs. Costas Loop Bandwidth
Slide 21
Laboratory Experiments for FM
Slide 21
Experiment 8.1 Spectrum of an FM
Signal
Slide 22
Experiment 8.1 FM Spectrum (cont. 1)
Slide 23
Experiment 8.1 FM Spectrum (cont. 1)
Slide 24
Experiment 8.1 FM Spectrum (cont. 3)
Slide 24
Experiment 8.2 Demodulation by a Discriminator
Slide 25
Experiment 8.2 Discriminator (cont. 1)
Slide 26
Experiment 8.2 Discriminator (cont. 2)
Slide 27
Experiment 8.3 Demodulation by a PLL
Slide 28
Experiment 8.3 PLL (cont.)
The goal of this project for the course COEN 6511 is to design a 4-bit comparator, aiming to master the techniques of ASIC design.
The details of designing a 4-bit comparator are given in this report. It involves the methodology, circuit implementation, schematic simulation, layout and packaging.
We start from logic gate level, go up to the circuit level and then draw the layout in the environment of CMOSIS5 in which the minimum drawing layout size is 0.6μ. Finally we extract the layout as a symbol in the schematic for re-simulation to obtain the results of the performance measure. In designing, propagation delay, Area (A) and power are considered. All parameters of circuit are decided and the circuit plot and waveform are produced, and we would test and verify every part of the CMOS circuit developed by Cadence development tools . The test results from simulation can meet the requirement. It means that the logic design, schematic and layout are correct, and our project can satisfy the requirements.
1. Space, Time, Power: Evolving Concerns for Parallel Algorithms February 2008
2. Real and Abstract Parallel Systems • Space: where are the processors located? • Time: how does location affect the time of algorithms? • Power: what happens when power is a constraint?
3. Some Real Systems: IBM BlueGene/L 212,992 CPUs 478 Tflops #1 supercomputer since 11/04 At Lawrence Livermore Nat’l Lab ≈ $200 Million 3-d toroidal interconnect Max distance (# proc)1/3
4. Another Real System: ZebraNet PI M M a r t o n o s i
5. Location, Location, Location • Processors may only be able to communicate with nearby processors • or, time to communicate is a function of distance • or, many processors trying to communicate to ones far away can create communication bottleneck • Feasible, efficient programs need to take location into account
6. What if Space is actually Computers? Cellular Automata • Finite automata, next state depends on current state and neighbors’ states: location matters! • ≈ 1950 von Neumann used as a model of parallelism and interaction in space • Other research: Burks & al. at UM, Conway, Wolfram,… • Can model leaf growth, traffic flow, etc.
7. Parallel Algorithms: Time Maze of black/white pixels, one per processor in CA. Can I get out? Nature-like propagation algorithm: time linear in area Beyer, Levialdi ≈ 1970: time linear in edgelength. CA as parallel computer, not just nature simulator
Photo resistor devices its working and applications.Soudip Sinha Roy
Here you will get every details about photo resistor device and its applications. How it makes in factory. And the important thing is The Light-Controlled Switch Using a Transistor.
Haiku Deck is a presentation platform that allows users to create Haiku-style slideshows. The document encourages the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare by providing a link to do so. It aims to inspire the reader to try out Haiku Deck's unique presentation style.
Haiku Deck is a presentation platform that allows users to create Haiku-style slideshows. The document encourages the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare by providing a link to do so. It aims to inspire the reader to try out Haiku Deck's unique presentation style.
The document discusses the passive voice and when it is useful or recommended to use. Specifically, the passive voice is useful when focusing on the person or thing acted upon, or when the actor is not important. It then provides examples of transforming sentences from the active to passive voice for simple present and past, present and past continuous, present perfect, past perfect, and future tenses.
Presentation esl part 1 and tech part 1Candice Clark
The document discusses key aspects of Indian culture, focusing on the Hindu religion. It describes Indian customs around relationships, greetings, clothing, food, and festivals like Diwali. Family is highly valued, elders are respected, and dress is modest and colorful. Food avoids beef and pork, using spices like turmeric and ginger. Major religions are Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, and Christianity. Festivals incorporate lights, dance, and elaborate weddings. Understanding Indian culture is important for Ontario teachers given the local Indian population.
Hellen Wangui Gathogo has extensive experience as the Executive Director/Vice President of ONE MORE DAY FOR CHILDREN Foundation since 2010. In this role, she is responsible for establishing and executing the organization's major goals and objectives, implementing board policies, providing leadership and direction, and evaluating operations. She coordinates activities through subordinates, represents the organization externally, and ensures compliance with Kenyan labor laws. Her experience also includes authoring publications on issues related to street children, alternative family care, and youth access to reproductive health services between 1996-2006.
This document summarizes a study conducted by two University of Vermont students on bicycle counting methods and sidewalk riding behavior in Burlington, VT. The students observed bicycle traffic at two intersections on North Street over 14 hours, counting 359 total bicycles. Their recommendations include establishing repeated count sites on key routes, including sidewalk riding observations in count methods, and comparing sidewalk riding on roads with and without bike infrastructure. The document provides background on existing count methods, the goals of the study, and the results of the students' pilot observational study and statistical analysis of sidewalk riding behavior.
The FARO Focus3D X 330 laser scanner uses a rotating mirror to emit a laser beam over a 300 degree vertical and 360 degree horizontal range to measure the distance and angles to objects. It captures these 3D scan data and transmits them wirelessly. With an increased range of up to 330 meters, integrated GPS, and reduced noise, the Focus3D X 330 provides highly precise 3D models for applications like surveying and construction in less time than previous models.
This study examined how ovulatory status, hormonal birth control use, relationship threat type (emotional vs. sexual infidelity), and rival attractiveness affect distress in women. The researchers found that normally cycling women reported higher distress during ovulation than the luteal phase, to threats of emotional infidelity over sexual infidelity, and to more attractive rivals over less attractive rivals. Patterns of distress differed between normally cycling women and those using hormonal birth control.
Anisa Sozaya Mohamed is a South African credit controller and accountant with over 20 years of experience in financial management, banking, and health insurance. She holds a Chartered Institute of Management Accountants accreditation. Her experience includes leadership roles managing credit control teams and implementing debt collection strategies. She is proficient in financial analysis and reporting, budgeting, and systems including Oracle and banking software.
Social Media & Metrics (Digital Marketing Today)Julian Gamboa
This document provides an overview of social media channels and metrics. It discusses popular platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and LinkedIn. It examines the unique aspects of each channel including original features, prime posting times, and engagement habits. The document also defines common metrics used to measure audience engagement and evaluate the performance of social media campaigns. These include engagement ratio, growth ratio, link clicks, and earnings per click. It provides tips on collecting baseline metrics and reporting social media performance over time.
The document compares Acucut knives manufactured using electroetching technology to grinded knives manufactured using conventional grinding processes. It states that electroetching improves the surface chemistry and microstructure of stainless steel, leaving a smooth, scratch-free surface and precise edges. In contrast, grinding can introduce surface scratches and uneven, rough edges. The document lists several advantages of Acucut knives over grinded knives such as more accurate incisions, tighter wound sealing, higher sharpness and consistency, and better wound healing.
The document discusses the author's visit to a newsstand and their observations of different sports magazines. The author was most inspired by Sports Illustrated, noting its unique and professional design including vivid color schemes, best cover photos, and well-designed table of contents. The document provided ideas for the author's own high school sports magazine, including ideas for the central image, cover lines, and two-page spreads.
Goa is a small state on India's west coast that was formerly an important trade center. It has 13 municipal councils and the city of Panaji makes up its regional organization. One of Goa's main environmental issues is mining, which has displaced around 100,000 people in north and south Goa from their homes.
A short Commentary on Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)Soudip Sinha Roy
This document provides an overview of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), a novel nanoscale technology for binary logic synthesis using single electron tunneling. QCA uses an array of quantum dots to represent bits and perform logic operations without transistors. The document discusses basic QCA concepts like cell layout, logic gates like XOR and pNAND, and mathematical models to describe electron tunneling and power dissipation in QCA devices using wave equations. It also mentions that QCA devices are generally constructed from materials like silicon, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, and indium antimonide.
A photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in several industrial processes, such as photolithography and photoengraving, to form a patterned coating on a surface.
Slide 1
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Slide 2
FM Signal Definition (cont.)
Slide 3
Discrete-Time FM Modulator
Slide 4
Single Tone FM Modulation
Slide 5
Single Tone FM (cont.)
Slide 6
Narrow Band FM
Slide 7
Bandwidth of an FM Signal
Slide 8
Demod. by a Frequency Discriminator
Slide 9
FM Discriminator (cont.)
Slide 10
Discriminator Using Pre-Envelope
Slide 11
Discriminator Using Pre-Envelope (cont.)
Slide 12
Discriminator Using Complex Envelope
Slide 13 Phase-Locked Loop Demodulator
Slide 14
PLL Analysis
Slide 15
PLL Analysis (cont. 1)
Slide 16
PLL Analysis (cont. 2)
Slide 17
Linearized Model for PLL
Slide 18
Proof PLL is a Demod for FM
Slide 19
Comments on PLL Performance
Slide 20
FM PLL vs. Costas Loop Bandwidth
Slide 21
Laboratory Experiments for FM
Slide 21
Experiment 8.1 Spectrum of an FM
Signal
Slide 22
Experiment 8.1 FM Spectrum (cont. 1)
Slide 23
Experiment 8.1 FM Spectrum (cont. 1)
Slide 24
Experiment 8.1 FM Spectrum (cont. 3)
Slide 24
Experiment 8.2 Demodulation by a Discriminator
Slide 25
Experiment 8.2 Discriminator (cont. 1)
Slide 26
Experiment 8.2 Discriminator (cont. 2)
Slide 27
Experiment 8.3 Demodulation by a PLL
Slide 28
Experiment 8.3 PLL (cont.)
The goal of this project for the course COEN 6511 is to design a 4-bit comparator, aiming to master the techniques of ASIC design.
The details of designing a 4-bit comparator are given in this report. It involves the methodology, circuit implementation, schematic simulation, layout and packaging.
We start from logic gate level, go up to the circuit level and then draw the layout in the environment of CMOSIS5 in which the minimum drawing layout size is 0.6μ. Finally we extract the layout as a symbol in the schematic for re-simulation to obtain the results of the performance measure. In designing, propagation delay, Area (A) and power are considered. All parameters of circuit are decided and the circuit plot and waveform are produced, and we would test and verify every part of the CMOS circuit developed by Cadence development tools . The test results from simulation can meet the requirement. It means that the logic design, schematic and layout are correct, and our project can satisfy the requirements.
1. Space, Time, Power: Evolving Concerns for Parallel Algorithms February 2008
2. Real and Abstract Parallel Systems • Space: where are the processors located? • Time: how does location affect the time of algorithms? • Power: what happens when power is a constraint?
3. Some Real Systems: IBM BlueGene/L 212,992 CPUs 478 Tflops #1 supercomputer since 11/04 At Lawrence Livermore Nat’l Lab ≈ $200 Million 3-d toroidal interconnect Max distance (# proc)1/3
4. Another Real System: ZebraNet PI M M a r t o n o s i
5. Location, Location, Location • Processors may only be able to communicate with nearby processors • or, time to communicate is a function of distance • or, many processors trying to communicate to ones far away can create communication bottleneck • Feasible, efficient programs need to take location into account
6. What if Space is actually Computers? Cellular Automata • Finite automata, next state depends on current state and neighbors’ states: location matters! • ≈ 1950 von Neumann used as a model of parallelism and interaction in space • Other research: Burks & al. at UM, Conway, Wolfram,… • Can model leaf growth, traffic flow, etc.
7. Parallel Algorithms: Time Maze of black/white pixels, one per processor in CA. Can I get out? Nature-like propagation algorithm: time linear in area Beyer, Levialdi ≈ 1970: time linear in edgelength. CA as parallel computer, not just nature simulator
Photo resistor devices its working and applications.Soudip Sinha Roy
Here you will get every details about photo resistor device and its applications. How it makes in factory. And the important thing is The Light-Controlled Switch Using a Transistor.
This document contains quotes about living a beautiful life. While the quotes are not specified, the title indicates it includes inspirational sayings about appreciating life and finding meaning or purpose. The author of the collection is listed as Soudip Sinha Roy.
Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to create the integrated circuits that are present in everyday electrical and electronic devices. It is a multiple-step sequence of photo lithographic and chemical processing steps during which electronic circuits are gradually created on a wafer made of pure semiconducting material. Silicon is almost always used, but various compound semiconductors are used for specialized applications.
A tunnel diode or Esaki diode is a type of semiconductor that is capable of very fast operation, well into the microwave frequency region, made possible by the use of the quantum mechanical effect called tunneling.
It was invented in August 1957 by Leo Esaki when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, now known as Sony. In 1973 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Brian Josephson, for discovering the electron tunneling effect used in these diodes. Robert Noyce independently came up with the idea of a tunnel diode while working for William Shockley, but was discouraged from pursuing it.[1]
These diodes have a heavily doped p–n junction only some 10 nm (100 Å) wide. The heavy doping results in a broken bandgap, where conduction band electron states on the n-side are more or less aligned with valence band hole states on the p-side
Tunnel diodes were first manufactured by Sony in 1957[2] followed by General Electric and other companies from about 1960, and are still made in low volume today.[3] Tunnel diodes are usually made from germanium, but can also be made from gallium arsenide and silicon materials. They are used in frequency converters and detectors.[4] They have negative differential resistance in part of their operating range, and therefore are also used as oscillators, amplifiers, and in switching circuits using hysteresis.
Figure 6: 8–12 GHz tunnel diode amplifier, circa 1970
In 1977, the Intelsat V satellite receiver used a microstrip tunnel diode amplifier (TDA) front-end in the 14 to 15.5 GHz band. Such amplifiers were considered state-of-the-art, with better performance at high frequencies than any transistor-based front end.[5]
The highest frequency room-temperature solid-state oscillators are based on the resonant-tunneling diode (RTD).[6]
There is another type of tunnel diode called a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diode, but present application appears restricted to research environments due to inherent sensitivities.[7] There is also a metal–insulator–insulator–metal MIIM diode which has an additional insulator layer. The additional insulator layer allows "step tunneling" for precise diode control.[8]
This document is Albert Einstein's book "Relativity: The Special and General Theory" which explores his theories of special and general relativity. The book has three parts, with the first part focusing on his special theory of relativity. It discusses topics like physical meaning of geometry, coordinate systems, classical mechanics vs relativity, and more. The book provides detailed explanations of Einstein's groundbreaking theories and the evidence supporting them.
This document is a project report for a Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) parallel adder circuit. It includes an acknowledgements section thanking those who supported the project. The abstract explains that VLSI involves integrating millions of transistors on a single chip to implement digital circuits. The report describes different types of adders like ripple carry adders and carry skip adders. It provides details on the design and implementation of a parallel adder circuit as the VLSI project, including block diagrams, program code modules, and discussion of the output.
This document discusses DNA nanobiotechnology concepts and applications. It provides background on the discovery of DNA structure in 1953 and how DNA's unique properties like self-assembly make it well-suited for molecular nanotechnology. DNA can be used as a bottom-up construction material to build nanostructures and complex 3D arrays. The document also covers theoretical background on DNA structure and properties, classifications of DNA, genetic codons, and future directions for DNA computation, drug discovery, electronic circuits, and overcoming challenges in self-assembly.
Boudoir photography, a genre that captures intimate and sensual images of individuals, has experienced significant transformation over the years, particularly in New York City (NYC). Known for its diversity and vibrant arts scene, NYC has been a hub for the evolution of various art forms, including boudoir photography. This article delves into the historical background, cultural significance, technological advancements, and the contemporary landscape of boudoir photography in NYC.
The cherry: beauty, softness, its heart-shaped plastic has inspired artists since Antiquity. Cherries and strawberries were considered the fruits of paradise and thus represented the souls of men.
Heart Touching Romantic Love Shayari In English with ImagesShort Good Quotes
Explore our beautiful collection of Romantic Love Shayari in English to express your love. These heartfelt shayaris are perfect for sharing with your loved one. Get the best words to show your love and care.
This tutorial offers a step-by-step guide on how to effectively use Pinterest. It covers the basics such as account creation and navigation, as well as advanced techniques including creating eye-catching pins and optimizing your profile. The tutorial also explores collaboration and networking on the platform. With visual illustrations and clear instructions, this tutorial will equip you with the skills to navigate Pinterest confidently and achieve your goals.
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Kalyan Satta Matka Guessing Matka Result Main Bazar chart Final Matka Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Chart Satta fix Jodi Kalyan Final ank Matka Boss Satta 143 Matka 420 Golden Matka Final Satta Kalyan Penal Chart Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan Night Chart