Hong Kong was the recent location of a joint CIBSE / IHEEM and Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE) technical seminar, considering the human environment. Paul Angus, Public Health Engineer at WSP Manchester, presented his technical paper as part of his award winning dissertation from his Building Services Engineering (Hons) Degree, examining the various technologies in USA, Canada and Europe to recover energy from wastewater.

1. Newsletter
Autumn 2008
Contents :
Nz a thermal paradise
Pg2
The lighter side of
public health
Pg4
Industrial Group -
Technical Article
Pg6
Spot the clangers
Pg7
Thames water sewer
visit
Pg8
Energy conservation
from wastewater
Pg10
Industrial Group -
Technical Article
Pg 14
Forum
pg18
SoPHE North West
update
Pg19
forthcoming
technical events
Pg21
New members
Pg22
I am pleased to report that
SoPHE membership
continues to grow in
numbers and influence.
Our three SoPHE Regions
- London and the SE, NW,
and SW have all been
active with various
technical programmes
which support the
development of public
health engineering.
Planning has already begun
on our Annual Dinner; once
again the Royal Garden
Hotel, Kensington plays
host to the event which
will be held on Thursday,
6 November 2008. This
promises to be even bigger
and better than last year and
marks our fifth anniversary
a milestone I hope you will
be able to help celebrate.
You will have seen that
Professor John Swaffield
of Heriot Watt University
took office as President of
CIBSE in May this year.
Many of you will be aware
that John has had a
distinguished career in
Public Health Engineering
and was Chairman of the
Water Regulations
Advisory Committee
(WRAC), responsible for
the introduction of the
regulations in 1999. Over
the past five years, Prof
Swaffield has been a great
supporter of SoPHE and I
am sure you’ll join me in
wishing him a successful
year in which he is
highlighting the importance
of PH Engineering and the
role we have in sustainable
water management. The
University of Greenwich at
Medway are set to accept
their first batch of Public
Health Engineering
Technology students in
September this year and I
wish both Greenwich and
those students all the best in
this important endeavour.
The importance of
attracting new talent to our
industry is also recognised
by the setting up by our
Education Committee of the
SoPHE Young Engineers
Award - details contained
within.
Work on the revision of
CIBSE Guide G - Public
Health Engineering is
underway. Collaborating
with the Chartered Institute
of Plumbing and Heating
Engineering (CIPHE), a
drafting committee has been
set up. Dr Steve Ingle’s
report on progress is
contained within and there
is still opportunity to get
involved.
Coordinated by Samantha
McDonough, SoPHE has
provided comments on
proposals for amending Part
G (Hygiene) of the Building
Regulations and its
associated Approved
Document. The major
changes are reflected in the
proposed new title
‘Sanitation, Hot Water
Safety and Water
Efficiency’. In addition,
CIBSE and SoPHE will
have direct meetings with
officials of the Department
of Communities and
Local Government (CLG)
responsible for the Building
Regulations.
You will note that IPHE
have added ‘Chartered’
to its title. I would like to
congratulate CIPHE on this
prestigious award made by
the Privy Council which
recognises the
professionalism of the body.
Following the collaboration
on technical guidance, I
look forward to SoPHE and
CIPHE developing an even
deeper working relation-
ship, especially in technical
and related areas.
Finally, I would like to
thank all those serving on
the Steering Committee and
its sub-groups, the Industry
Group and the Regional
Groups for all their
on-going work.
Message from the Chairman
SoPHE Autumn 08
24
FEEDBACK
We would welcome any comments on this newsletter or contributions to future editions, in particular with
regards to:
Future events for consideration
What should SoPHE be providing to our members
Items or comments you think may be worth raising or informing your fellow members
Technical articles from members, giving situations encountered and how they were overcome.
Please email comments to Jonathan Gaunt at jonathan.gaunt@arup.com
THE STEERING COMMITTEE
Chairman: Martin Shouler
martin.shouler@arup.com
Vice Chairman: David Shaw
dshaw@geneverandpartners.co.uk
Honorary
Secretary: Chris Northey
chris.northey@bdsp.com
Honorary
Treasurer: Richard Mountney
richard@mountneyconsultants.co.uk
Roger Baker Peter Jefferson
Jim Buckmaster Iain Johnstone
Bill Bumstead Paul Marsden
Ian Fellingham Alan Neall
Alan Flight Jack Osbourne
Alison Franklin Peter Pavlovic
Jonathan Gaunt Mark Sampson
Simon Hedger Steve Vaughan
Alan Homewood Alan Watson
Mike Darvill (Representative of the SoPHE Industrial Group)
Regional Committee Contacts
Manchester: Bristol:
Paul Angus Michael Jones
Paul.Angus@wspgroup.com MichaelJones@hoarelea.com

2. SoPHE Autumn 08
2
The Society of Public Health Engineers is a part of the
Chartered Institution of Building Services EngineersCIBSE):
Chairman: Martin Shouler
Email martin.shouler@arup.com
Vice Chairman: David Shaw
Email dshaw@geneverandpartners.co.uk
Honorary Secretary: Chris Northey
Email chris.northey@bdsp.co.uk
Honorary Treasurer: Richard Mountney
Email richard@mountneyconsultants.co.uk
If you would like to know more about the SoPHE or are interested
in becoming a member visit www.cibse.org/sophe or contact
Nyree Hughes at nhughes@cibse.org
SoPHE Autumn 08
3
New Zealand- a Thermal
Paradise
‘You only get one crack at life’….
these were my mother’s
immortal words 28 years ago as
we sat around the table sharing a
ready-made Vesta curry that
tasted vaguely of spicy
cardboard and chewing gum.
The spring of ‘79 provided me with
the motivation to move to greener
pastures and five months later with
little to offer apart from youth and
a full head of hair, I secured a
contract on a military airbase in the
bleak landscape of Israel’s Negev
desert (hardly the green pastures I
had envisaged, but still, it kicked
off my travels). It was here that I
met a fitness fanatic Kiwi - he’s
remained my good friend ever
since.
One of the things I admired about
him was his true love of his home
country and its people. I don’t
think I had ever come across such
passionate ambassadorship. We
met up again twenty four years
later in 2004 whilst I was on
holiday in New Zealand. A
holiday, I might add, that fulfilled
a journey of a lifetime and secured
my employment with my current
employer, Beca.
I thought our SoPHE
newsletter would provide a great
opportunity for me to share my
experience of making the move to
NZ and personally espouse the
virtues of living and working in
this part of the world. And who
knows - it might just grab you!
We all have different reasons for
wanting to move on in life.
Being something of a traveller, I’d
already lived and worked in six
countries before making the
transition to New Zealand. We
made the quantum leap in 2004,
breaking up the journey with a
wonderful stay over on one of the
Malaysian Islands for a few days
so the distance seemed less
daunting and more of an adventure
for my two teenage sons.
There were the normal harbingers
of doom… ‘You can’t uproot the
children, what about their
education?’.‘You’ll miss the footie’
(not a chance on that score)…
.‘they haven’t got central heating
in their houses’ etc… ‘Why do you
have to move so far away’ … and
‘what about Corries?’ However,
the reality was that it was actually
pretty easy!
New Zealand is a civilized, first
world country. The language is the
same, the culture is similar, and
they even drive on the same side of
the road! And it’s almost the same
A pumber’s life down under - Les Dawson size as (actually 25,000sqm larger
than) the UK, but with a fraction
of the population –about 4 million
compared to the 60-odd million in
the UK. You can draw your own
conclusions about how the quality
of life differs!
Of course, NZ isn’t Utopia, and it
has its problems like all countries
in the world. Salaries do not
compete with those earned in
Europe, so it’s not a place to get
rich. What it does have going for it
however is…. LIFESTYLE!
Kiwis love the great outdoors,
whether that involves tramping
(hiking) through its verdant
undulating countryside,
sandboarding down huge dunes
on Ninety Mile Beach, skiing the
snow fields of Mt Ruapehu or
the Southern Alps, going to the
beach or just lazing around having
barbeques and doing absolutely
nothing.
New Zealand also has more
recreational boats per capita than
any other country in the world, but
more importantly it’s a great place
to bring up a family.
Our new home Auckland enjoys
a temperate sub-tropical climate
with plenty of blue skies to take
you through the summer months
and a mild wet winter. It’s the most
heavily populated region at 1.5
million people. We’re surrounded
by a scattering of dormant
volcanoes and the Hauraki Gulf
provides a beautiful backdrop to
a host of delightful islands with
names like Tiritiri Matangi,
Rangitoto, and Waihekie.
Despite being the political centre of
the country, the Capital city
Wellington also has an arty,
friendly, cosmopolitan feel about it
with sophisticated bars and cafés,
restaurants, a thriving cultural
scene and a beautiful waterfront.
It’s compact and well connected by
public transport.
Rotorua (mid-North Island) is
simply amazing with its bubbling
mud, burping fumaroles, steaming
craters and multi-coloured mineral
pools – in one word: a thermal
paradise! It’s also the adrenaline
capital of the North Island, which
is not surprising given the myriad
of ventures it has to offer such as
jet boating, ‘the Zorb’, the
slingshot, white water rafting,
para-sailing and a fantastic luge to
name but a few.
Mount Ruapehu in the Tongariro
National Park is truly magnificent
and in the winter draws skiers and
snowboarders from distant shores,
and around the country, whilst the
top of the North Island benefits
from the warm South Pacific Ocean
and endless kms of golden beaches.
As yet I haven’t spent any time in
the South Island, as we’re still
discovering the North Island. But
all the good things in life are worth
waiting for - I’m told by many
that it’s God’s own country down
there…simply stunning!
On the work front, Beca is strongly
positioned in the market place. It is
New Zealand’s largest employee-
owned multidisciplinary
consulting firm, with seven busy
offices throughout the North &
South Islands along with offices in
Australia, Singapore, Indonesia,
Vietnam, China, Myanmar, the UK
and Dubai.
cont..

3. SoPHE Autumn 08
4
SoPHE Autumn 08
5
The head office is in Auckland,
from where we also undertake
work in Pacific Islands including
Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and
the Marshall Islands. Our projects
are not limited by our own
locations – to date, Beca has
operated in over 60 countries,
and project teams are put together
based on skills and experience
rather than geography.
I have to say, I was pleasantly
surprised with the quality and
diversity of the projects that are
on offer here. Since my arrival in
August 2004, I’ve had a number of
opportunities to work on some
really interesting projects,
including two huge mixed retail
complexes in Indonesia, each
comprised of four 37 – 41 level
office and apartment buildings,
hotels, swimming pools, shopping
retail areas in excess of 6000m2
complete with Venetian style canal
and gondolas and exotic water
features.
On the home front, projects have
been as diverse as police stations,
correctional services, Auckland
Airport, Eden Park rugby stadium,
office buildings, healthcare work,
several site reticulation projects
involving gas, sprinkler and
domestic water mains, an
apartment building, and a steel
mill.
Plus we are often called upon for
peer reviews of projects coming
out of London, Australia and the
Pacific Islands. We are also heavily
involved with sustainable
engineering and have an in-house
ESD team.
We’ve had two lots of family
members visiting in the last
eighteen months – and their
conclusion - ‘Wow what a stunning
country’!
I’m more than willing to share my
experience living and working in
New Zealand, so if you feel that
Beca could be part of a
meaningful move to a new
country and you want to know
more about the realities of living
here, then you’re more than
welcome to contact me personally
at <les.wilson@beca.com>
And why am I still sitting in the
office on such a beautiful day when
I could be down the beach
kayaking? – might be pushing
this one a little, as it is a work day
morning!
The lighter side of public health

4. SoPHE Autumn 08
6
SoPHE Autumn 08
7
A f t e r 3 0 y e a r s o f
manufacturing and supplying
stainless steel drainage solutions,
BLÜCHER UK Ltd have built a
fine reputation for their products
which has seen their drainage
systems such as BLÜCHER®
EuroPipe, a push fit pipework
system for soil waste, rainwater
and process applications both
above and below ground, develop
from a pipework used in process
industry applications to a system
used extensively in commercial
building applications.
Recent projects where EuroPipe
has been installed include
Heathrow Terminal 5, which used
over 40 kilometres of pipework
ranging from 50-300 mm dia, and
the recently opened Bexley Wing
of St James teaching hospital, the
largest Oncology centre in Europe
where EuroPipe was installed both
above and below ground.
So what has been driving the
move from traditional systems to
BLÜCHER stainless steel push fit?
The answer is not one single
benefit over other systems, but a
number of factors borne from the
inherent qualities of stainless steel
and its modern methods of
production, and good design and
efficient product manufacturing at
Blucher. Together, these offer the
specifier, installer and end user, a
sustainable system, which is
robust, cost effective and simple to
both fit and maintain.
As BLÜCHER® EuroPipe system
is manufactured from stainless
steel it is inherently fire resistant
and is considered as
non-combustible for the
requirements of the Building
Regulations. When exposed to a
temperature of 800° C Stainless
Steel will not soften or fracture to
the extent that flames or hot gases
will pass through the pipe wall.
This benefits the designer, as there
is no requirement to specify or
include fire collars in the design of
a building.
Another benefit of BLÜCHER®
EuroPipe, as it is manufactured
from stainless steel, is its natural
resistance to corrosion. This
pipework is manufactured without
the need of additional coatings
and paints and still achieves an
excellent resistance to chemicals.
The smooth bore of BLÜCHER®
EuroPipe ensures good hydraulic
flow properties.
BLÜCHER® EuroPipe as a push
fit system offers very fast
jointing which is made even
simpler and easier due to its light
weight. Stainless Steel has a high
tensile strength, which enables
BLÜCHER® EuroPipe to be
manufactured with a thin wall
making it a simple but robust
system to install. Installation times
can be as much as 40% quicker to
install than other metallic systems.
The slim-line joints also make the
system ideal where space is at a
premium eg in a confined stack
space
Installers have an increasing
requirement for off-site fabrication
and again BLÜCHER® EuroPipe
can offer real benefits. We are able
to manufacture, on short lead-times
special pipe fabrications such as
one-piece pipe and fittings
combinations or non-standard
fittings, which are ideal for off-site
fabrications.
The lightweight construction of
BLÜCHER® EuroPipe also has a
benefit on its sustainability
credentials because compared to
The World of Stainless Steel Push Fit Pipework - BLÜCHER UK other metallic systems, which are
far heavier, many more metres of
pipework can be manufactured and
transported per tonne of material.
Sustainability is a topic which
affects every sector of the building
industry, and which Public Health
Engineers increasingly play a key
role. The specification of pipework
can affect the carbon footprint and
green qualities of a building but it
is difficult to easily compare the
various plastic and metallic
systems available as there are no
uniform methods in place to
measure the sustainability of a
product.
In BLÜCHER UK Ltd’s case
research has been undertaken to
enable us to provide information
on the sustainability of BLÜCHER
drainage systems, from the pro-
duction of stainless steel itself ,
through the products manufacture,
to installation and the end of the
life cycle where stainless steel can
be 100% recycled.
In addition to BLÜCHER®
EuroPipe, BLÜCHER also
manufacture an extensive range of
drainage channels, floor drains to
suite all applications, which are all
fully compatible with the pipework
system.
The latest additions to our range of
products are the Design range of
channels and floor drains, which
are the perfect drainage solution in
wet bathrooms, and the updated
grease spearators as shown below
which now have contoured
corners.
Spot the clangers
C a n y o u f i n d t h e
mistakes in the schematic below?
In the last issue of our news letter
we published the schematic below
and asked our readers to ‘spot the
mistakes’. How did you get on?
There were five mistakes to find
and the answers are below.
We were inundated with responses
from members, all of whom
correctly identified the mistakes.
As promised the first person to
correctly respond became the
owner of a SoPHE pin badge.
We are pleased to announce that
first member to correctly respond
was Paul Angus, a pin badge is on
its way in the post as we write.
Many thanks to all of you who took
the time to respond.
Hopefully you didn’t find this too
challenging. Watch this space for
future plumbing/trivia fun.
Answer’s;
1. HWSR circulator pumping the wrong way
2. No temperature and pressure relief valve on
water heater
3. No thermostatic mixing valve shown on whb
4. Drain cocks shown incorrectly at a high point
in the system
5. Hot water return connected at the wrong end of
branch, could cause dead legs.
,
SV SV SVSV SVSV SVVSV
DC DC
T
GULLY
WATER HEATER
LTHW BOILER
WHB WHB WHB WHB
FROM CW
BOOSTER SET
IV
IV
HWSR CIRC
EVIV
EXP VESSEL
SCV
PLANTROOM
LEGEND
IV – ISOLATING VALVE
SV – SERVICE VALVE
DC – DRAIN COCK
EV – EXPANSION VALVE
SCV – SINGLE CHECK VALVE
WHB – WASH HAND BASIN
BCWS – BOOSTED COLD WATER SERVICE
HWSF – HOT WATER SERVICE FLOW
HWSR – HOT WATER SERVICE RETURN
BCWS
HWSF
HWSR

5. SoPHE Autumn 08
8
SoPHE Autumn 08
9
Every year Thames Water host
what they call Sewer Week,
where they invite groups of
people to visit their facilities and
learn more about the London
Sewer System. On 13 May, six
SoPHE members were invited to
take part in the Sewer Week and
visit the Thames Water Abbey
Lane pumping station.
The afternoon visit consisted of a
lecture charting the history of the
London Sewer system and the main
design achievements that have led
us to the Sewer system that
London relies on today. The
future of the sewer system was
also touched upon, highlighting
the projects that Thames Water are
currently working on. The most
interesting facts that came out of
the presentation were:
-The original meaning of the word
‘sewer’ meant channel for storm
water and in the 14th Century, the
storm water from the land was
discharged to the sewers while all
foul waste was simply piled in the
streets.
-Many of the sewers at the time
were classed as what we now refer
to as the hidden rivers of London,
which all ultimately discharged
into the Thames river.
-It was thought at the time that
the Black Death was due to poor
sanitation – this lead to the 1388
Antipollution Act which employed
men paid by the state to clear away
foul waste from the streets – this
could now be compared to our
modern day refuse collectors.
-New purpose built surface water
sewers started to be constructed
from the mid 16th century.
-In the 18th Century, Charles II
promoted the use of cesspits to deal
with the foul waste from London
households. It was estimated that
there was approximately 1 cesspit
per 5 households in London.
-Circa 1780, foul water from
households would be discharged
through gratings within the street
directly into cesspits. As the water
supply to households improved
with improvements in pipework
technology, increased volumes of
foul water were being discharged
to the sewer. This led to an
increase in overflowing cesspits.
To overcome this, overflows were
built, connecting into the local sur-
face water sewers. This was illegal
at the time but was found to be a
common practice.
-With the industrial revolution
came urban migration. Workers
flocked to the city from urban
areas, following the promise of
jobs. This led to an increased load
on foul water discharge and
increased foul water discharge to
the surface water sewers.
-With increased development of
London, there was pressure to
develop more and more land. As
a result, many of the rivers of
London, which took much of the
cesspit overflow discharge, started
to be culverted, allowing
development over the rivers. It
was this that led to the water
courses becoming known as the
‘hidden rivers of London’.
-Ultimately, all of the foul water
SoPHE THAMES WATER SEWER VISIT - Jonathan Gaunt followed the hidden water courses
and ended up in the Thames river.
-In 1848 the Metropolitan Board
of Works organised for a survey
to be carried out to chart all of the
London Sewers.
-As a result of the Great Stink in
1858, pressure was put on the
government to improve the
sanitation of London.
-In 1856, the Metropolitan Board
of Works, lead by Bazalgette
designed a network of
intercepting sewers that crossed the
London rivers capturing the foul
water and discharging it further
downstream in the River Thames.
-In January 1859, work
commenced on the construction of
a network of high and mid level
intercepting sewers that would
ultimately take foul water from the
west of London and discharge into
the Thames to the east of London,
downstream of the city.
-The sewer network incorporated
a number of pumping stations to
overcome changes in elevation,
many of these pumping station are
still operating today, although the
original steam turbine pumps have
now been changed for electrically
driven pumps.
-Bazalgette was knighted in 1874
for his work on the London Sewer
system. The following year
flooding was witnessed across
London as a result in the increase
in paved areas across London, and
the fact that the Sewer network had
not been designed to take the storm
water runoff now being
experienced.
-This resulted in a number of storm
sewers being developed to take
storm discharge directly into the
Thames.
-These relief sewers still exist and
operate today.
-There is however still a very real
risk of flooding in the modern day
from the overloaded sewer
systems. Thames Water estimate
that there are approximately 20,000
properties at risk from sewer
surcharge in the UK today, 75% of
which are located in London.
-There are currently 20 pumping
stations within London that are
dedicated to pumping storm
water overflow to the Thames,
with a combined pumping flow
rate of 350m³/sec.
-This leads to Thames Water’s
ongoing projects, the largest of
which being the design and
construction of a new Storm Water
sewer that will be 7.5m
diameter and 35km long which will
follow the course of the Thames
and is due to be completed in 2015.
The above factual points are a
small review of the interesting talk
that was given. We hope to invite
a Thames Water representative
to a SoPHE technical evening to
present the history of the London
Sewer system as it is well worth
listening to.
The lecture was followed by a
guided tour around the Abbey Lane
pumping station which is one of
the main sewer pumping stations
on the Thames Water sewer
network.
Following the tour around the
pumping station, we were invited
to descend into one of the main
Thames Water trunk sewers. This
involved donning waders, boiler
suits and hard hats, but it was when
we were all given an emergency
oxygen pack that we all started to
wander what we had let ourselves
in for!
After descending approximately
5m through a rather tight manhole
cover, we found ourselves in the
hidden world of the cavernous
trunk main sewers. The particular
sewer we descended into was one
of the main sewers that fed to the
Abbey Lane pumping station and
was 3m in diameter, so plenty of
room to move for those concerned
with claustrophobia.
At the time of our visit, the flow
through this particular section of
the sewer had been controlled by a
network of sluice gates,
limiting the flow through this
particular section. We were guided
along an approximate length of
100m of the sewer, but this was
more than enough to experience the
conditions of the sewer, including
the smell and the tide marks on the
sewer wall showing the previous
water depths experienced in the
system.
Cont...

6. SoPHE Autumn 08
10
The most memorable item of the
sewer tour was the quality of the
brick work – exceptional
craftsmanship, the likes of which I
have not seen anywhere before!
Thankfully, due to the size of the
sewer, its normal water level and
general remoteness from local
amenities and accommodation, we
did not see any rats within the
network. When asked what the
most unusual items were that had
been found within the sewer, the
Thames Water engineers laughed
and stated that they had found
items ranging from mopeds to
double mattresses, but they stated
that one of the biggest issues that
they had to deal with was the
quantity of grease discharged into
the system.
This has resulted in many filter
screens within the pumping
station having to be regularly dug
out. This is one area where Public
Health engineers can have a greater
impact on how the sewer system
within London operates and is
maintained.
We hope to try and secure a visit
next year for SoPHE members
and will keep you informed as to
potential places – as an interest-
ing and educational trip , I would
thoroughly recommend it.
Hong Kong was the recent
location of a joint CIBSE /
IHEEM and Hong Kong
Institution of Engineers technical
seminar, considering the
external human environment.
Attendance to the Joint event, the
first of its kind in Hong Kong,
was significantly supported by
100 plus British and Chinese
CIBSE & IHEEM members and
was facilitated by the University
of Central Lancashire (UCLan)
and HKIE, on the 22nd February
2008.
The technical seminar – ‘A UK
Perspective on Sustainability in the
Built Environment’, built on the
success of a joint UCLan / CIBSE
Hong Kong Branch seminar in
March 2007 and was successfully
delivered by Paul Angus – Energy
conservation from wastewater, Ian
Hinitt – Modifications to multiple
bedded hospital wards and Andrew
Parry – Green roof technologies.
All three presenters were
attending an international
symposium and technical visit
arranged by the University of
Central Lancashire, where they are
currently studying BEng (Hons)
and MSc in Building Services.
Paul Angus, Public Health
Engineer of WSP - Manchester,
presented his technical paper,
entitled ‘Conservation of Energy
from Waste Water’. Paul discussed
trends in global warming
associated with the increasing use
of fossil fuels and the resultant
adverse effects of rising Carbon
Dioxide (C02) emissions,
contributing to global warming.
Paul highlighted the importance of
the Building Services Engineer’s
role in helping to reduce
emissions and conserve energy and
to provide sustainable solutions to
climate change. Paul’s paper
focuses on a project investigating
the potential energy savings that
can be achieved by recovering
energy from waste water, where a
significant amount of energy can
be recovered and used to heat hot
water for both domestic and
commercial applications. A large
proportion of energy is still
retained within the water after the
point of use and in most
circumstances it is simply allowed
to flow down the drain with little or
no thought for energy recovery.
Paul has conducted an in depth
study, as part of his final year
building services degree
dissertation into the various
domestic configurations available
in the USA, Canada and Europe.
Recovering energy from
wastewater systems can take place
through numerous forms, which
may range from simple heat
exchangers to more complex
Energy Conservation from wastewater
Sustainability Seminar at Joint CIBSE / IHEEM / HKIE
Meeting in Hong Kong
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7. SoPHE Autumn 08
12
SoPHE Autumn 08
13
devices concerning thermal storage
or heat pump applications.
He went on to explain that
approximately 40 % of waste heat
energy could be recovered from
sanitation systems and re-used by
implementing a simple heat
recovery from waste water system.
Residential heat recovery from
wastewater systems available in
America and Canada generally
consist of a heat exchanger,
although in some instances with a
storage tank, including the
associated plumbing. The heat
exchanger design ranges from
fairly simple, to extremely
complicated, such as those that are
incorporated with a storage tank or
heat pump. However, in the
majority of the installations, the
drainage configuration may
require to be modified to separate
the waste and foul water. This is to
ensure that any effluent or
discharge which contains solids,
grease and other potential
contaminants do not come into
contact with the heat exchanger.
The operating principles of a
simple domestic heat recovery
system are quite straight forward,
as demonstrated in the diagram
below left.
Effectively the incoming potable
water from the main cold water
counter flows through one side
of the heat exchanger, while the
wastewater passes through the
other, pre-heating the incoming
cold water. After leaving the heat
exchanger the potable water is
plumbed to the hot water generator,
in most cases the hot water
cylinder or directly to the hot water
appliances, such as a shower.
There are several notable benefits,
which a heat recovery from
wastewater system can provide to
the end user:
-Energy savings.
-Reduction in carbon emissions.
-Reduction of the instantaneous
peak demand.
Of the configurations available the
most interesting technology
available is sewer heat recovery,
which can be used in conjunction
with a heat pump. Effectively
specially adapted concrete sewers
are installed with heat exchanger
plates cast inside the pipework,
located on the bottom (invert)
of the sewer. The heat from the
wastewater within the sewer is then
recovered and extracted to be used
with a heat pump facility.
This arrangement is illustrated in
picture below.
Channels are cast into the concrete
sewer to ensure close proximity of
heat transfer can take place from
the effluent within the sewage.
To provide an idea of water tem-
peratures in sewers, in winter the
average minimum temperature is
approximately 10°C, whereas in
summer the minimum temperature
is 19°C, therefore the mean annual
temperature is 15°C
Figures from an independent case
study were recently published by
WasteWaterHeat, a joint European
project involving research insti-
tutions from Germany, Austria,
Sweden and Norway who focus
on testing of wastewater recovery
devices. Data from a sewer
installation in Zurich, Switzerland,
that has been in operation since
1999 provided a minimum
efficiency of 69% in recapturing
wastewater energy. From the
research data published indicates
that this type of system can recover
3 to 7 kW of useful heat, per 1m2
of heat exchanger. The sewer in
Zurich provides heating and hot
water to approximately 900
dwellings (5,300 MW·h of heat per
year).
Paul went onto explain that there is
a risk of removing too much heat
from the sewer that could
ultimately affect the operation of
the sewage treatment plant
downstream of the heat exchanger.
Also due to the high number of
nutrients contained within the
wastewater, bio films can also coat
the internal pipework and heat
exchanger, making the heat transfer
process more complicated. From
extensive tests carried out
Wanner discovered that the
prevention of bio film within the
wastewater is not achievable.
Effectively the heat exchanger
efficiency quickly reduces with
time due to the formation of bio
film, which requires backwashing,
as part of a regular maintenance
regime.
Currently there are over fifty sewer
heat recovery installations in
operation, including 930
apartments in Zurich and various
technology and business centres in
Switzerland. An installation in
Vancouver, Canada is planned,
where the Winter Olympic
Village is being constructed for
2010 Olympics. To find out more
information please contact Paul
Angus at paul.angus@wspgroup.
com

8. SoPHE Autumn 08
14
SoPHE Autumn 08
15
As Europe’s market leader in
automatic shut off and
water saving control solutions,
SOPHE member Douglas
Delabie calls on the organisation,
its members and industry
audiences to be even more
conscious of efficient water
management - now.
Bob Purdom, the company’s
commercial director explains
why it’s so important for the
benefit of the future.
Highlighting key issues in
effective water management, he
outlines product solutions enabling
building owners, designers and
facilities managers to make the
washroom environment more
installer/user friendly, water
efficient and a safer place.
Despite the importance of
water sustainability and
increasing Government
recognition of its importance,
statistics still paint a depressing
picture:
• Each one of us uses 70% more
water than 30 years ago.
• Thames Water leakage due to
London’s Victorian-built sewer
equates to 300 Olympic-sized
swimming pools a day
• UK drought condition – lowest
rainfall for 85 years.
However, if everyone turned off
the tap when brushing their teeth,
collectively in one week we’d save
enough water to fill the O2 Arena
(Millennium Dome).
Water sustainability
With our underground resources
threatened by increasing
consumption (water usage has
doubled in the last 20 years), water
supply is fast becoming an
unpredictable, unevenly distributed
resource.
Therefore, consumption habits
must change. More effective water
utilisation and waste reduction is
essential.
Water companies are investing in
improving the necessary
infrastructure and reducing the
hemorrhage of mains water losses.
Historically in the UK, we have
used domestic water control
product solutions in commercial
applications where both usage
patterns and user demands are quite
different. This is in part related to
the historical use of low-pressure
systems.
Today’s building designers have a
new set of design criteria for
commercial buildings including:
• Modern, aesthetic styling
• User safety/comfort
• Proven design/product
innovation
• Durability – long service life
• Water efficient - lowering
water/energy costs – delivering
value for money
• Buildability – simple to install,
easy to use.
Solutions
Significant savings can be
achieved, as the following typical
applications in commercial build-
ings in the key areas of water utili-
sation, basins and shower controls
indicate.
Extensively using the appropri-
ate water management solutions
products in public buildings, hos-
pitals, sports and leisure facilities,
motorway services and education
establishments, can prevent water
wastage - and improve water diver-
sity by automatically regulating the
quantity of water delivered to wash
basins, showers, WCs or urinals.
Basin control
Increasingly, the cost of water sup-
ply and drainage will impact on the
bottom line of business. Consider
that ‘Hot’ water costs us between
five and eight times the cost of
Cold water with energy, storage
and treatment costs, then the im-
pact on margins of high water users
can be dramatic.
Motorway service areas, schools,
leisure companies and retail sec-
tors are seeing massive increases
associated with water supply.
The traditional basin tap designed
for the low-pressure applications is
a ‘water waster’ in today’s modern
commercial plumbing systems.
cont...
BEING WATER-WISE FOR EFFECTIVE WATER
MANAGEMENT - Douglas Delabie
However, an alternative example
like Tempostop is a cost effective
time flow basin tap with a pre-set
flow rate at 6 litres per minute,
offering ease of use and eliminat-
ing risk of cross contamination (no
hand contact after washing).
Water savings of over 50%, with
equivalent energy savings, can be
achieved.
Another example is the Tempostop
AB anti blocking tap.
Flow only commences after the
push button is released preventing
deliberate flooding of the
washroom. The flow rate is
adjustable without dismounting the
mechanism or cutting off the water
supply.
In addition, there is a new genera-
tion of electronic controls
providing a ‘total hygiene’
solution with non-touch operation
to prevent cross contamination
and reduce the risk of transferring
harmful – even life-threatening
bacteria/viruses.
An infrared sensor monitors local
hands presence. When the hands
are removed, water stops
automatically. Simple to install,
water savings of up to 70 per cent
are achievable. Tempomatic 3 is
such a product.
Anti-Legionella devices
Some electronic basin taps and
mixers now incorporate an anti-
Legionella feature, which provides
an automatic duty flush cycle for
one minute if the tap has not been
operated in the previous 24 hours.
Examples includeTempomatic 3
and Tempomatic Mix 3.
Safe Hot water temperature control
A thermostatic mixing valve
(TMV), independently tested and
certified under BuildCert’s TMV3
scheme, must be used to provide
safe hot water temperatures and
prevent scalding. In disabled areas.
Shower control
The UK has seen massive growth
in the installation of thermostatic
shower valves in new and
existing domestic properties.
Consumers have identified the
benefits of peace of mind through
improved safety and comfort. This
is largely due to our traditional
use of low- pressure water storage
systems.
However, the use of ‘domestic’
thermostatic shower valves in the
commercial environment comes
at a cost. Designed to deliver high
performance at low pressure in the
domestic sector, in commercial
applications (where typically
system pressures are 2.0 – 3.0 bar)
these devices will increase:
Water/energy costs
Size/capacity of hot water
generators, pipe work
Drainage sizes to take away
excessive water supply.
Table 2: Basin Control Solutions -
Comparative Water Savings
Table 2 gives an overview of water savings com-
pared with the traditional ‘classic’ basin tap at 2.5
bar:
A. ‘Classic’ basin tap/mixer, without flow
regulation
B. Time flow basin tap/mixer with integral
flow regulation at 6 litres per minute
(adjustable) and auto close after nominal
15 seconds run time.
C. Electronic basin tap or mixer, with preset
flow rate at 6 litres per minute,
automatic close on removal of hands.

9. SoPHE Autumn 08
16
SoPHE Autumn 08
17
One example is the Avance Elite
thermostatic shower valve, tested
and certified to NHS Estates Model
engineering specification D08 and
incorporating flow regulation at 9
litre per minute.
For group shower applications in
schools and sports clubs a device
like the Sporting Shower Panel is
appropriate. The pre-assembled
shower panel, finished in brush
aluminium, has an integrated anti
vandal shower head and time
flow control (set for a nominal 30
second) and 8 litres per min flow
regulator.
WC and Urinal Controls
Urinal flushing systems can be
major water users. However,
self-closing and non-touch infrared
mains flushing controls solutions
provide: reduced hygiene risk,
eliminating need for high
maintenance water flush cisterns.
Building owners gain an improved
return by increasing lettable floor
space.
BREEAM Impact
Buildings account for 50 per cent
of the UK’s Carbon Dioxide emis-
sions. BREEAM’s environmental
assessment initiative enables Gov-
ernment departments, and private
sector building owners/designers
to review and improve the environ-
mental performance of a building’s
design.
Effective water management alone
is not the answer, but can make a
significant contribution to meet-
ing BREEAM’s objectives like
reducing energy/running costs,
delivering a ‘Green Building’ more
attractive to potential clients and
customers, management check list
of building performance, creating a
better, healthier working
environment for staff/building
users.
Heritage
Effective water management in-
tegrates water utilisation, hygiene
control and safety.
With increasing cost of water it
will significantly improve the
‘bottom line.’
Water is a common heritage.
Everyone must save it and use it
wisely. The issues are real and can
- and must - be addressed
The technology is proven, the
solutions readily available.
Table1: Shower Control Solutions -
Comparative Water Savings
Table 1 gives us an overview of the water
savings available as compared with the
traditional ‘Classic’ thermostatic shower
valve at 2.5 bar:
A. ‘Classic’ thermostatic shower valve
without flow regulation
B. ‘Classic’ thermostatic shower valve
with flow regulation at 10 Litres per
minute
C. Time flow shower control with
nominal time 30 seconds and
regulated flow at 8 litres per minute
D. Thermostatic electronic shower
control, combines full thermostatic
performance with infra red on/off
control for maximum water
efficiency.
CIBSE Guide G Update
CIBSE Guide G - Public Health
Engineering was last revised in
2004 & CIPHE Plumbing
Engineering Services Design Guide
in 2002. It is time to undertake a
revision of guide G. To that end,
a panel has been set up, which
recently met at Heriot Watt
University in Edinburgh. The new
guide will be in collaboration with
the Chartered Institute of Plumbing
and Heating Engineering (CIPHE)
which is involved in the technical
revision to produce a joint guide.
The panel is looking for volunteers
to assist with the drafting of the
revision as well as reviewers for
each section. Please contact Steve
Ingle 0161-228-2331 or steven.
ingle@btconnect.com if you wish
to get involved.
Society of Public Health Engineers (SoPHE)
YOUNG ENGINEERS AWARD
The Challenge
Innovation within water conservation.
The Brief
Consider a building in the UK. What measures would you
propose to conserve water? You should address environmental
and societal aspects in addition to the technology.
The Prize
A trip for three to fabulous Las Vegas for 4 days including a
behind the scenes visit to the awe inspiring Hoover Dam.
Entrants
Teams of up to 3 people, aged 18-30.
How to enter
Visit www.cibse.org/sophe to download an entry form.
Submissions must be received by 30 September 2008.
www.cibse.org/sophe
12354 BSJ 164x178 ad.indd 1 26/6/08 10:21:33

10. SoPHE Autumn 08
18
SoPHE Autumn 08
19
This section will enable members
to raise or ask questions relating to
specific projects or design items for
comments or guidance. This would
enable other members to
assist by explaining or giving
design advice, considerations, or
stating where/which BS Codes or
authorities could be contacted in
answering original questions.
1. Please inform us of any
technical subjects or design issues
which you feel we would all
benefit from arranging for an
evening presentation.
2. We would appreciate any
comments on the previous
technical evening events.
3. Are there any design
issues within the Water,
Drainage, Sanitation, PHE scope
of works which you may feel could
be investigated or which you feel
could be reviewed /re-evaluated.
For example 24 Hour Cold Water
Storage within buildings. Do you
think the storage allowance is
grossly over the top, should storage
figures be revised to avoid risks of
stagnation etc?
Please forward any questions,
comments or answers you may
have to the above points to:
jonathan.gaunt@arup.com.
FORUM HOW TO ACCESS THE FORUM SoPHE NORTH-WEST UPDATE - Kate Fletcher
It is now 4 years ago since I
took the plunge, set up the NW
branch of SoPHE and we had
our first technical meeting in
2004.
It is with huge thanks that I look
back at the support that Durapipe
gave me to take on the mantle of
that first technical meeting, with
a massive 6 people in attendance
(including me). Since that humble
beginning, we have had meetings
every two months with only the
odd hiccup, and we now regularly
get between 15 and 30 people
along. Design engineers,
contractors, facilities managers,
reps who just want to further their
knowledge. There are many
regulars and there are many
aquaintances, and (dare I say)
friendships which have struck up as
a result of the regular meetings.
Now though, 4 years on, I will be
relinquishing my grasp of SoPHE
in the Northwest and will passing
the reins on. There is a great team
ready to share the organisation, not
only continuing the regular techni-
cal meetings, but wanting to push
it on with seminars and getting in-
volved in projects such as updating
the new CIBSE Guide G for Public
Health Engineering. The very
capable team I leave in my wake
are: Paul Angus and Steve Ingle.
I leave behind a SoPHE group that
worked much better than I’d ever
imagined and I know Paul and his
team will continue to grow and
evolve it in to a better than ever
SoPHE.
Paul Angus writes
The SoPHE North West members
would particularly like to thank
Kate Fletcher (Longley) for her
fantastic enthusiasm and hard work
in forming and successfully run-
ning the North West SoPHE region.
At the end of May 2008, Kate relo-
cated back to her roots in London,
whilst working for Arup in Man-
chester she was the North West
SoPHE Secretary for over 4 years
on a voluntary basis. To show our
appreciation for her dedication and
efforts to date, Kate was presented
with a large bouquet of flowers by
Paul Angus at her last ever North
West Technical evening on the 21st
May.
SoPHE SOUTH WEST UPDATE
SoPHE South West is up and
running with a strengthened
vision to create an informative
and educational forum in the
South West!
Since its inauguration, there have
been two interesting and interac-
tive technical evenings.
They included presentations from
Blucher’s Frank Netherwood, on
the benefits of Stainless Steel pipe
and Geberit’s Technical Director
- Peter Snoad, who gave an insight
to BS Code writing for Syphonic
rainwater systems.
The follow up event also included
a presentation by Saint Gobain on
the performance of cast iron
systems.
The evenings are a perfect
opportunity for contractors,
manufacturers and consulting
engineers (even participants from
London and Cheltenham) to meet
up in a relaxed atmosphere.
Future events have been scheduled
for the latter parts of September
and November. For specific dates,
participation or any enquiries,
please contact either, Michael
Jones HOREA LEA (Secretary),
John Wilson SAINT GOBAIN or
David George ARUP (Membership
Secretary).
Log on to the CIBSE website www.cibse.org and click on the
forum icon
Then simply click on the forum you are interested in viewing,
in this case the SoPHE forum, and the screen will show the
forum in the format below.
To add a thread click the start new thread icon.
To read the existing threads click on the blue thread title.
To post a reply you will need to enter the thread first as above,
then its just a case of hitting the add response icon.

11. SoPHE Autumn 08
20
SoPHE Autumn 08
21
PREVIOUS TECHNICAL EVENTS (2003-2008)
Full details of events will be advised to members of
(Region or Branch) prior to each meeting.
Members may contact the Secretary for details.
Society of Public Health Engineers (SoPHE) -
London and South West Region Forthcoming
Events
2008
14 October Tuesday
Review of safety standards, including water and drain-
age provisions associated with safety showers & eye
wash stations within hospital and laboratory buildings.
Presented by: - Hughes.
11 November Tuesday
Design risk assessment & evaluation of the principles
associated with rainwater designs as described within
BS EN 12056 : Part 3. Presented by: - Brian Whor-
low.
2009
17 February Tuesday
Design concepts associated with rainwater attenuation
sizing, including oil separation. Presented by: - TBC.
21 April Tuesday
Review of the design principles associated with mist
& fog systems, including the requirements of FM 200.
Presented by: - TBC.
19 May Tuesday
Review of the technical properties associated
with stainless steel pipelines and
drainage products as used within Public Health Engi-
neering services. Presented by: -
BM Stainless.
23 June Tuesday
A review of the design principles associated with labo-
ratory drainage systems. Presented by: - TBC.
Society of Public Health Engineers (SoPHE) -
North West Region Forthcoming Events
All technical sessions are held every other month on
the 3rd Wednesday of the month at: The Rain Bar,
Board Room (2nd Floor) 80 Great Bridgewater Street,
Manchester. M1 5JG 6pm (for 6.30pm start) to 8pm
approx.
Full details of each event will be advised to members
of the North West region and SoPHE members prior to
each meeting.
2008
5th November Wednesday
Control of Legionella Bacteria in water systems and
solutions. Full day Joint seminar with CIBSE, SoPHE
& IHEEM, Lancashire Cricket Club presented by
Mira and guest speaker Dr Tom Makin.
19th November Wednesday
Siphonic Rainwater Systems, presented by Geberit,
plus special Guest Speaker CIBSE President –
Professor John Swaffield who will provide a key note
speech and also Guest Speaker Dr. Lynne Jack from
Heriott Watt University
The keynote speech by Professor John Swaffield,
President of CIBSE, will address the role that water
and drainage systems play in meeting new
challenges in public health engineering. The
presentation will cover issues such as the change in
urban population density and how this and the impacts
of climate change upon the built environment demand
new design approaches in order to address predicted
changes in the availability of water. Professor John
Swaffield will also be accompanied with Dr Lynne
Jack who lectures at Herriot Watt University and is
actively involved in the Built Environment Drainage
Research Group. Also Geberit, who are sponsoring the
evening, will also present to the audience on the theme
of Siphonic Rainwater Systems’.
cont...
FORTHCOMING TECHNICAL EVENTS5th ANNIVERSARY SoPHE ANNUAL DINNER
The SoPHE annual dinner takes
place on 6th November 2008 at
the same venue as last year - The
Royal Garden Hotel, Kensington,
London.
This year promises to be an even
bigger affair with more tables
available and more time for
networking and meeting old
friends.The pre-dinner drinks will
begin at 5.30pm. We have
negotiated a room rate with the
hotel for anyone wishing to stay
overnight.
SoPHE will, once again make a
donation to our adopted charity
WaterAid. Please contact
Veron Williams vwilliams@cibse.
org 020 8772 3613 for further
details or see the website.
1. TYCO/WORMALD FIRE SYSTEMS. Life and
building fire protection
Contact: www.wormald.co.uk
2. MARLEY PLUMBING. Sanitation sizing to
BS12056, Part 2.
Contact: www.marleyplumbinganddrainage.com
3. HYDROTEC UK LTD. Technical overview of
physical water conditioners and ultra violet
disinfection.
Contact: www.hydrotec.co.uk
4. A O SMITH (WATER PRODUCTS Co).
Assessing, sizing of direct and storage type hot
water heaters for commercial/industrial
applications, giving consideration to latest building
regulations.
Contact: www.hotwater.com
5. VERNAGENE. Chlorine dioxide, Disinfection.
Understanding the principles of dosing with
consideration to health and safety aspects.
Contact: www.vernagene.com
6. NEW HADEN PUMPS. The design and sizing of
both foul and surface water pump sump chambers
and stations.
Contact: SouthEast@NHPumps.com
7. ALLAN AQUA LTD. Design principles for
boosted cold water and fire services relating
specifically to high rise buildings.
Contact: www.allanaqua.co.uk
8. THAMES WATER PLC. Discussions on items
within the Regulations which required clarification.
Contact: www.thames-water.com
9. CLAY PIPE DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION
LTD. An overview of Building Regulations ‘H’,
Parts H1-H6 Drainage and Waste Disposal.
10. KSB LTD. Grey Water Re-cycling for various types
of buildings. General over view on the design principles
with advantages and disadvantages on the possible
options for re-using water
11. BRE. Control of Legionella Bacteria in water systems.
12. SPEL Products. An introduction to surface water/Foul
water Puraceptors, Stormceptors, both full retention and
by-pass types. Sizing, Alarms, Regulations and update
on the latest Rivers Authority Requirement etc
13. EVAC. Design principles for vacuum drainage systems.
14. GRINEL. Designing Sprinkler Mist systems
15. GEBERIT. Design principles of symphonic rainwater
systems
16. HONEYWELL. Applications of Thermostatic Mixing
Valves. TM2 and TM3 valves
17. NEW HADEN PUMPS. Over pumping into surcharged
sewers
18. GRUNDFOS. The principles of borehole pumping and
pump sizing. www.grundfos.co.uk
19. MICRO DRAINAGE. Suds attenuation modelling
through the use of Micro Drainage computer software.
20. CONDER. Sizing principles of small sewage treatment
works. www.conderproducts.com
21. POLYPIPE. Engineering solutions in relation to SUDS.
www.polypipe.com
22. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS.
Storm water control.
23. HOME ENGINEERING.
Design principles associated with the selection
of TMV valves.
24. CLEARWATER TECHNOLOGY.
Chlorine Dioxide built in line with ACOP L8
& HTM 04

12. SoPHE Autumn 08
22 23
USEFUL WEBSITES AND EMAILS
The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers
www.cibse.org
Society of Public Health Engineers
www.cibse.org/sophe
Technical Group:
Alan Neall – aneall@ geneverandpartners.co.uk
Membership Group:
Martin Shouler – martin.shouler@arup.com
Communication Group:
Jonathan Gaunt- jonathan.gaunt@arup.com
Chris Northey- chris.northey@bdsp.com
Education Group:
Ian Fellingham – ian.fellingham@arup.com
SoPHE Industrial Group:
Mike Darville (Chairman) – mike@climatepipework.co.uk
Associates:
C Bath
T Grabowski
Associate Members:
A Jones
D Manning
J Williams
Members:
G Cannings
G Fryer
R Goard
D Haynes
S Horn
B Jordan
M Kelly
D Turner
Industrial Associates:
Goodwater
Geberit
IBP Connex
Emmeti UK
Victaulic
2009
21st January Wednesday
Commercial Building Services pumping solutions,
presented by Grundfos
18th March Wednesday
Drainage systems for hygienic and corrosion resistant
applications, presented by ACO
20th May Wednesday
Solar Hot Water Solutions, presented by AO Smith
15th July Wednesday
Modern day design in vitality swimming pools and
water features, presented by Barr & Wray
NW Secretary: Paul Angus
WSP Buildings
The Victoria
150 – 182 The Quays
Salford
Greater Manchester
M50 3SP
Tel: +44 (0)161 886 2438
Mob: +44 (0) 7920 250646
Email: paul.angus@wspgroup.com
NEW MEMBERS