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Solution-Focused Family Therapy Presentation
- 1. Solution-Focused Therapy Family StudiesII. Winter 2022.
- 2. Brief Overview • Thesolutions focus • Started by Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim Berg, and colleagues in late 1970’s at the Brief Family Therapy Center in Milwaukee • Continued by Scott Miller, Yvonne Dolan and Linda Metcalf • First leading strengths-based therapy intended to be brief • Majority of the time is spent NOT talking about the problems • The therapist does not give any of the solutions, they are based on client’s values • Therapists’ aim is to find incremental steps toward realizing the client’s goal • SMALL and MESAURABLE
- 3. Common Myths About Solution- FocusedTherapy • Therapists propose solutions or give advice • Therapist never talk about the problem • Therapist never talk about the past • Therapists never talk about emotions
- 4. Key Technique: Assessing Client Strengths •What are client strengths? • Don’t underestimate the difficulty of identifying client strengths • Need an unshakeable belief that your client always has meaningful strengths to uncover no matter what • Assessed with direct questions and careful listening • Two sides to every coin: every weakness is a hidden strength • Make sure not to use problem-focused language
- 5. Overview of Treatment • Assesswhat works and what doesn’t • Find exceptions and desired outcomes • Identify small steps that will help clients enact solutions • Sometimes this approach is time limited to 1-10 sessions • Insoo and Steve
- 6. The Therapeutic Relationship •“In a beginner’s mind there are many possibilities; in the expert’s mind there are few.” • Make no assumptions and be curious about each person’s reality • Use client’s words and understand what they mean by them • Humanistic reflections with a twist – delimiting the difficult feeling or thought through context • 1) Past Tense vs. Chronic State Characteristic, 2) Partial vs. Global, 3) Perception vs. Unchangeable Truth • Optimism and hope • Assumption of possibility and that problems will resolve
- 7. Case Conceptualization • Strengths andResources • Exceptions and “What Works” • Identifying through direct questions and careful listening • When it is not there? OR When is it less intense or not as bad? • At times need a paradoxica approach: When is it worse?
- 8. Goal Setting • Languageis positive and concrete • What is the client going to be doing when the problem has been solved? • Needs to be… • Meaningful • Interactional • Situational (not global) • Small and short-term • Clear role for client (not others) • Realistic, legal, and ethical
- 9. Solution- Focused Intervention Tenets If it isn’tbroken don’t fix it. If it works, do more of it. If it’s not working, do something different. Small steps lead to big changes. The solution is not necessarily related to the problem. Solution development needs solution-based (not problem- based) language. No problem happens all the time. There are always exceptions. The future is both created through language and negotiable.
- 10. The Miracle (& Solution-Generating) Questions •https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTylNRr1RZ M • Helps the client envision a future without the problem, generating hope and motivation • De Shazer described 3 phases for successfully delivering the Miracle Question • Setup, Delivery, and Follow-Up • Not interested in what the client is not doing but what thy are doing instead • Used for case conceptualization and goal setting • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQBZlgmeb wY
- 11. Scaling Questions • Askingclients to rate something using a scale (usually 1-10) • Make sure to define the 0 and 10 for your clients • 10 can be the miracle solution • Used to: • Assess “What Works” and client strengths • Design week-to-week interventions and homework tasks • Measure progress • If no progress was made, make sure task was small/concrete enough and it’s the correct miracle solution • One thing different
- 12. Solution- Focused Questions 1. Exception Questions Who, what,when, where and how the exception occurred (note: no “why”) 2. Coping Questions What has helped so far? 3. Indirect Relationship Questions How would others respond? 4. Presuppositional Questions What will it be like when this problem is gone?
- 13. Other Interventions • “Formula FirstSession Task” – asking clients to identify what they want to keep happening • Find client strengths in their problem talk • Make therapeutic complements that reinforce client progress • Whatt happens after the first session?
- 14. Solution-Focused Work with SpecificPopulations • An optimistic and hopeful stance emphasizes resilience of trauma survivors • Video talk separates events from intense emotions • There is no “theory of health” so it is adaptable to multiple cultures • The clients identify their own solutions • Transfers to numerous settings due to it’s positive and brief nature • Schools, prisons, hospitals, businesses, college counseling • Has a behavioral rather than emotional focus - helps in cultures where emotions aren’t highly valued • Does it work with serious problems?
- 15. Critiques • Look beforeyou leap • Too simplistic and too brief • Ignores the development or root of problems • Ignores the systemic nature of challenges faced by people with marginalized identities • Ignores meta power dynamics • Cognitively focused with little room for emotions • Solution “forced” • Doesn’t accept the clients where they’re at