The document summarizes the key aspects of solar cells, including their principle of operation, construction, types, and applications. It discusses how solar cells work by converting sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect in semiconductor materials like silicon. The three main types - monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon cells - are described along with their efficiencies. Applications include toys, watches, electric fences, and satellites. Advantages are renewable, economical and environmentally friendly energy, while disadvantages are high upfront costs and variability with seasons.

1. PRESENTATION
OF
SOLARCELL

2. Introduction
• Solar cell is the photovoltaic
Device that convert light
energy into electrical energy
• This device work on the
principal of Photovoltaic effect

3. • Photovoltaic device :
The generation of
voltage across PN
junction in a
smiconductor due to
the absorption of light
radiation is called
photovoltaic device

4. Principle of solar cell
Solar cells or photovoltaic cells
are made based on the
principle of the photovoltaic
effect. They convert sunlight
into direct current (DC)
electricity

5. Construction of solar cell
• Construction of Solar Cell. Mainly Solar cell is constructed using
the crystalline Silicon that consists of a n-type semiconductor.
• This is the first or upper layer also known as emitter layer.
• The second layer is p-type semiconductor layer known as base
layer.
• The surface is coated with anti-reflection to avoid the loss of
incident light energy due to reflection

6. Working of solar cell
• When light reaches the p-n junction, the light photons can
easily enter in the junction, through very thin p-type layer.
The light energy, in the form of photons, supplies
sufficient energy to the junction to create a number of
electron-hole pairs. The incident light breaks the thermal
equilibrium condition of the junction. The free electrons in
the depletion region can quickly come to the n-type side of
the junction.

7. Types of solar cell
1. Monocrystalline Silicon cell
2. Polycrystalline Silicon cell
3. Amorphous Silicon cell

8. • Monocrystalline Silicon cell
Monocrystalline silicon, more often called single-crystal
silicon, in short mono c-Si or mono-Si, is the base material for
silicon-based discrete components and integrated circuits used
in virtually all modern electronic equipment.

9. • Polycrystalline Silicon cell
Polycrystalline silicon, or multicrystalline silicon, also called
polysilicon, poly-Si, or mc-Si, is a high purity, polycrystalline
form of silicon, used as a raw material by the solar photovoltaic
and electronics industry.

10. • Amorphous Silicon cell
Amorphous silicon solar cells
are the most well-developed
thin-film solar cell. The
structure usually has the p-i-
n (or n-i-p) type of duality,
where p-layer and n-layer are
mainly used for establishing
an internal electric field (i-
layer) comprising amorphous
silicon.

11. Generation of solar cell
1. First generation
• Single Junction silicon cell
• Limit efficiency 31%
• Single crystal silicon 16-19%
• Multi-crystal silicon 14-15% Efficiency
• Best efficiency By sun power 22%
• 87.4% Of 2007 production
• 45.2% single Crystal Si
• 42.2% multi Crystal SI

12. 2. Second generation
• Thin film cell
• New material and process to
improve efficiency and reduce cost
• Thin film cell used about 1% of the
expensive semiconductor compare
to first generation cell
• Single crystal Si 4.7% and multi
crystal Si 0.5% of 2007 production
• Single crystal Si has 8-11%
efficiency
• Multi crystal Si has 7-11% efficiency

13. 3. Third generation
• Multi junction cell
• Enhance poor electrical
performance while
maintaining very low
production cost
• Current research is targetint
conversation efficiency of
30-60% while retaining low
cost material and
manufacturing techniques
• multi-junction cell 30%
efficiency (40-43%
demonstrated

14. Solar Cooker
Solar cooking Is the
simplest safest and
most canvanient way to
cook food through
solar radiation without
consuming fule

15. • Types of solar cooker
1. Box-type solar cookers
consists of an insulated
box, metallic cooking
pots inside the box,
double glass lid on the
cooking tray, and a
reflecting mirror fitted on
the underside of the lid of
the box. The cooking tray
is insulated on the sides
and bottom.

16. 2. Parabolic solar
cookers use a
parabolic-shaped
reflector to direct
sunlight to a small
area in order to
generate heat for
cooking. They are
able to reach high
temperatures, 350 °C
(662 °F) or higher,
which allows them to
be used for grilling
and frying.

17. • Application of Solar Cells
• Its mostly use in the field of
toys, watches, etc.
• They also use in the field of
electric fence.
• Its also use in the field of
Remote lighting systems area.
• This may be use in the field of
portable power supplies.
• They mostly use in the field of
satellites.on of solar cell

18. • Advantage of solar
cell
• Renewable Energy
• Economy-friendly Energy
• Environmentally Friendly
Energy
• Innovative Energy
• Long Term Energy
• Infinite Energy
• There are no fule cost

19. • Disadvantaged of
solar cell
• High Investment
• Interior Needs
• Seasonal Energy
• Solar Cells on Your
Accommodation

20. Thank you