teaches about the soil organism and their roles in soil in mojr category

2. Introduction
They are Several types of micro
organisms in the soil
Which benefits and also effects the soil
These soil organisms are responsible for
nutrient recycling
Soil consists both micro and macro
organisms
They make immense population of living
organisms

3. Classification of soil organisms
Soil organisms
Intermediate substances
b/w living & non-living eg ;
virus
living
procaryotic eucaryotic
Mostly
single
celled
Monera kingdom
(bacteria, cyanobacteria,
actinomycetes)
Mostly
multicellul
ar
organisms,s
ome are
single
celled
Mostly
sigle
celled
Protista
kingdom
(Protozoa,Slime
moulds)
Virus
associated
RNA
(Ribonuclicaci
d)
Virus
associated
with
DNA(Deoxyr
ibonuclic
acid

4. multicellular organisms
Fungi
Kingdom
(tube, fungi,
rusts,molds,y
easts,mushro
oms,smmuts
Plantae
kingdom
(algae
,diatoms
,bryophita ,
tracheophyta)
Animalia
Kingdom
(nematodes,wor
ms,insects,centi
peds,rodents,sna
ils,moles

5. Benefits of micro organisms
They are several types of micro organisms
the benefit plants
Ex .bacteria , Fungi, Protozoa's
,Actinomycets, Algae Etc.
They also give back are perform another
function that benefit higher plants
They consume amino acids vitamins and
other soil compounds

6. Bacteria
They are small single celled organisms that make
single most abundant type of microbe
They multiply rapidly under proper conditions
If the conditions are wrong for one species, it is
Wright for another spices
BENEFITS
They can perform degradation of organic matter
And nutrient transformation inside roots

7. Fungi
It is the largest microbe group in terms of mass
It is the organism with out the use of ability of
sun for energy
It is an pathogen fungi
Fungi is composed of filaments and mass cells
known as mycelium
It is classified into three types
Yeast , moulds mushroom

8. PROTOZOA
The single cellular microbes that feed on bacteria
They of protozoa and bacteria
Arcadian or amoeba (10 to 30µm)
Amoeba is of two types Testate and naked
divided in to three groups based on their shape
Species of mastigophora or flagellates (5 to 20µm)
They feed on bacteria
Cillophora or ciliates are the largest(10 to 80µm)
They eat other two types

9. Actinomycets and Algae
Actinomycets are gram positive bacteria
belongs to monera kingdom
They are characterized by branched mycelia
Beneficial group such as blue-green algae,
yellow-green algae and diatoms
They can produce Their own energy through
photosynthesis

10. HARMFUL BACTERIA
Bacteria that enters through damage in leaves,
stems, roots of the plant
They are thousands of bacteria that cause disease
in mammals
But hundred types of bacteria infect and damage
plants
These harm full bacteria are called proto bacteria
Proto bacteria can also effects human
Ex. Vibro, cholera

11. Types of harmful bacteria
Xanthomonas campestris it works in soil to
fix nitrogen
It causes black rot Arabidopsis and brassicas
Bacteria that cause rot in plants they bock the
vessels that carry water to various parts of
plants
Bacteria can remain in the soil for years after
plant have been destroyed
Bacteria ,viruses do not enter in to plant cells
they develop in spaces between the cells

12. Nematodes
Some soil nematodes are beneficial to plants
,others can be deadly
Harmful nematodes act as parasites and feed on
plants
They cause plants to wilt, yellow, drop leaves and
died
Solarisation is the way to kill nematodes
This kill beneficial nematodes, but they recover
quickly

13. VIRUSES
Viruses consist rose mosaic virus, leaf
spot and tobacco mosaic virus
They are very difficult to treat
Insects also transmit in to virus if they
suck on multiple plants
This viruses can be cleared by removing
diseased parts of plants and control
insects
And good sanitation with gardening
tools

14. Functions In Beneficial Bacteria
Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen
Decomposition of organic wastes
Recycled and improved ability of plant
nutrients
Production of simple organic molecules
Degradation of toxicants including
pesticides
Production of poly sacchareds to improve
soil aggregation

15. FUNCTIONS IN HARMFUL ROLES
Immobilization of plant nutrients
Inhibition of seed germination
Inhibition of plant growth and
development
Production of phototoxic substances
Induction of plant diseases

16. Soil is an important resource for agriculture,
food and nutritional security
It helps to maintain social life
It is a home of micro organisms like bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, algae and Actinomycets
Macro organisms like insects, earth worm etc.
These organisms present in the soil is
beneficial and harmful

17. YoursYYY
YYYYYYYYYYYYYhemanth
kumar