What is the role of software in modern architectures?

1. SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES
FOR ICT ARCHITECTURES
Antonio M. Alberti, Professor & Researcher

2. (c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
TO ABSTRACT/EMULATE IN VIRTUAL WORLD (I.E.
SOFTWARE) SOMETHING THAT IS PHYSICAL, VISIBLE IN
REAL WORLD.
EXAMPLES: VIRTUAL MACHINE, VIRTUAL ROUTER
VIRTUALIZATION

3. (c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
TO RUN IN SOFTWARE SOME NETWORK FUNCTION THAT
IS TYPICALLY A HARDWARE.
EXAMPLES: VIRTUAL GATEWAY
NETWORK FUNCTION VIRTUALIZATION

4. (c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
WHAT IS THE BEST HOST FOR A CERTAIN VIRTUAL
NETWORK FUNCTION?
WHERE TO PROCESS THE DATA: CLOUD OR EDGE?
SUBSTRATE SELECTION

5. (c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
EVERY VIRTUAL ENTITY NEEDS A PHYSICAL
SUBSTRATE.
CANDIDATE HOSTS NEED TO EXPOSE THEIR FEATURES
FOR SOFTWARE ORCHESTRATION.
SOFTWARE CAN SELECT THE BEST PLACEMENT.
EXPOSITION

6. SDR - SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
Radio hardware is defined by software.
Virtualization of radio functions.
Software-defined “node”.

7. ROF - RADIO OVER FIBER
Distributed radio signals are transported for central
processing, probably in one or more SDR.
SDR(s) Edge Cloud
RoF

8. SMART OBJECT
A software that represents/mirrors a “thing”.
Proxy
Service

9. SMART OBJECT
REQUIREMENTS:
ü NEED TO TALK WITH “PHYSICAL COUNTERPART(S)”.
ü REPRESENT PHYSICAL OBJECT IN VIRTUAL WORLD.
ü MANAGES AND CONTROLS “PHYSICAL COUNTERPARTS”.

10. VIRTUAL GATEWAY FOT IOT
IoT motes transmit signals to an SDR, which delivers frames to
a protocol translation software in the edge computing.
SDR Edge/Cloud
Protocol Translation
Mote
Mote

11. (c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
TO RETHINK NETWORK ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERING
THE ROLE OF ABSTRACTIONS AND SOFTWARE.
CURRENT APPROACHES ARE FOCUSED ON MOVING THE
EXISTING DISTRIBUTED CONTROL PLANE TO A
CENTRALIZED SOFTWARE CONTROLLER.
SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING

12. (c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
TRADITIONAL NETWORKING
SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING
Data Plane
Control Plane
Mngt Plane
Data Plane
Control Plane
Mngt Plane
Data Plane
Control Plane
Mngt Plane

13. (c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
OPENFLOW NETWORKING
SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Controller
Orchestration

14. EMERGING SCENARIO
SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Orchestration
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Controller
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Controller
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
PHYSICAL NODES VIRTUAL NODES

15. SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE: APPLICATIONS CAN BE
FLEXIBLY AND DYNAMICALLY CONSTRUCTED BY THE
DYNAMIC COMPOSITION OF DISTRIBUTED UTILITIES.
SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
App
S8 S9
S7 S6 S5
S4 S3 S2 S1

16. IS IT POSSIBLE TO COMBINE ALL THESE
TRENDS?

17. User-centric
Self-*, Context
Information-centricService-centric
Software-Defined
Security
Privacy
Naming
Nam
e
Resolution
Virtualization
Internet of Things
Exposition, Orchestration
Self-Certifying
Life-Cycling
ProtocolDevelopment
Mobility
ID/LocSplitting
M
ngt. and
Control
Design Space
(2015)

18. Smart Convergent Information Architecture
Physical World
Self-Organizing
Physical World Representatives
People
Policies, Rules, Regulations, etc.
Self-Organizing
Orchestrators, Controllers, Managers, etc.
Evolutionary
Pressures
Environmental
Pressures
The Essence of NovaGenesis Model
(c) Antonio Alberti 2015,
Inatel - All rights reserved.

19. Prototype
LIVE DEMO @
SAO PAULO
CAMPUS PARTY
JAN. 2015
SCALABILITY@
INATEL
AUG. 2015
FIRST TEST@
GENI
SEPT. 2015

20. Sensing Cell
Controller
Sensing Information
Storage and Analysis
Sensing Cell
Sensing Cell
Controller
Sensing Cell
Sensing Cell
Controller
Sensing Cell
TCP/IP
Internet
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
...
...
Radio M2 Internet
Radio M1
IoT Network
Boundary
Sensing Cell
Boundary
Border
Router
Sensing Cell SC1
Sensing Cell SC2
Mint
SCC1
SCC2
SISA
Interferer
Range
Interferer
(a) (b)
Figure 1: Cognitive Radio blocks in the context of IoT.
CRIoTNG

21. Cognitive Radio in the Context of IoT using a Novel Future Internet
Architecture Called NovaGenesis
k
k
l
l
m
Figure 10: Example of two applications in a simple link scenario.
TCP/IP
Ethernet
SCC IO
TCP/IP
SC
PUSH/
PULL IA DAO
Ethernet
SISA DB
CLIENT/SERVER CLIENT/SERVER
EthernetEthernet
PUSH/PULL
Figure 11: Stack for cooperative spectrum sensing based on TCP/IP and
ZeroMQ (ZMQ) push/pull.
Naming: Content and services are accessed using their self-
verifying names (SVNes). Message forwarding/routing also
In NovaGenesis, the NRS does a similar role, but using pub/sub
of domain name records.
Limited Service-Orientation: In ZMQ/Internet, the
service-oriented design (SOD) is employed only on the WWW,
while in NovaGenesis it is for all services, including network-
ing ones.
Life-cycling: It encompasses the dynamic composition of
services and their contents. In the Internet architecture it is
present only at WWW. In NovaGenesis, life-cycling is intrin-
sic to any entity: content, services, operating systems, hosts,
etc. The same pattern happens for contract-based operation.
Deployment in Hosts: Internet protocols are implemented at
the core of operating systems. NovaGenesis protocols in hosts
are implemented as services that follow SOD paradigm.
3.6. Next Steps and Open Challenges
We plan to implement the complete Figure 1 scenario in
NovaGenesis, with the aim of extending NG services to con-
trol Wi-Fi access points based on RMS decisions. In addition,
we have already applied NovaGenesis implementation for SDN
[45]. We are also extending our name resolution service to hi-
erarchical domains, as an alternative to DNS. We have already
9
over TCP/IP using ZeroMQ2
(ZMQ) push/pull sockets [41] and
delivered to the SSS. Inside NovaGenesis, the SSS changes to
publish/subscribe (pub/sub) model instead of ZMQ’s push/pull,
publishing and subscribing name bindings and information ob-
jects (like SLAs or spectrum samples) to/from name resolution
service (NRS3
).
NG
Ethernet
SCC SSS
PUB/SUB
PGCS
NG
Ethernet
PGCSNRS RMS
TCP/IP
SC
EthernetEthernet
CLIENT/SERVER PUSH/
PULL
Figure 4: Stack for NovaGenesis interoperability with SCC. SSS provides the
interconnection between TCP/IP and NG stacks. SCC sends spectrum samples
to SSS using ZMQ. Inside NG, the communication model is pub/sub.
2ZeroMQ is a library for asynchronous exchanging of messages. In the
push/pull communication model, a push socket distributes a message to one or
more pull sockets, which read the message delivered over TCP/IP.
3NRS is a short term for the set PSS, GIRS and HTS.
spect
ters t
the s
samp
da
from
{
"
}
"
}
"
}
}
7
CRIoTNG

22. Figure 19: Fragment of a NovaGenesis message transporting a spectrum sample
directly over Ethernet.
Figure 20: Spectrum sensing output obtained using NovaGenesis as transport
network instead of TCP/IP.
Amostras((
transportadas((
sem(TCP/IP,((
Somente(NG((
sobre(Ethernet(
TCP/IP NGTCP/IP
SCC SSS PGCS
NG
PGCSHTS GIRS PSS RMS
SCC - Sensing Cell Controller
SSS - Spectrum Sensing Service
HTS - Hash Table Service
GIRS - Generic Indirection Resolution Service
PSS - Publish/Subscribe Service
PGCS - Proxy/Gateway/Controller Service
RMS - Resource Management Service
LEGEND:
Figure 14: Experimental scenario for the interoperability test of collaborative spectrum sensing with NovaGenesis.
ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s ... > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 342DD4C5 B8101939 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 449B0B0C 6FDF0A76 > ]
...
ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 19656CF3 > < 1 s 342DD4C5 > ]
ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > < 1 s 19656CF3 > < 1 s Wi-Fi > ]
...
ng -message --type 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > ]
Serviços)desenvolvidos)para)o)protó1po.)
Cognitive Radio in the Context of IoT using a Novel Future Internet
Architecture Called NovaGenesis
Services developed for prototype
Spectrum
sensing
samples
transported
over NG/
Ethernet
CRIoTNG

23. Nó#de#Internet#das#coisas##
medindo#temperatura#da#sala#
Amostras##
de#temperatura#
transportadas#
sem#TCP/IP,##
somente#NG##
sobre#Wi<Fi#
Fig. 8. Experimental scenario with: (i) NovaGenesis core services and IoT client application in the left; (ii) the NovaGen
embedded proxy/gateway (EPGS) on NXP’s LPC1769 device in the middle; and (iii) a computer with LPCXpressoTM
to com
and deploy the EPGS (plus EventOSTM
) image on LPC.
ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 7E764DC1 4D623F20 > < 4 s empty empty empty empty > ]
Future Internet of “Things”: The NovaGenesis Model
Temperature
samples
transported
over NG/Wi-Fi
Internet of things node
with embedded NG
FIoT

24. 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9
10
−4
10
−3
10
−2
10
−1
10
0
Name Resolution Server Utilization (log)
Probability a name record is on a resolver cache (pi,o
)
MeanUtilization(U)
DNS Root
DNS TLDs
DNS SLDs
DNS Resolvers
NG Root
NG TLDs
NG SLDs
NG Resolvers
MDHT Root
MDHT TLDs
MDHT SLDs
MDHT Resolversi
App
γ0,0
o
AppApp
o
AppApp
o
App
γ0,N γ1,0 γ1,N γR,NγR,0
i i i0 1 R
o inatel hufsio io
io io
io
br kr
io
s = 0 … S
unisinos
SLDs
r = 0 … R
Resolvers
i = 0 … N
Applications
t = 0 … T
TLDs
z=0 …Z
root
pi,o
ps,t
1 1
pt,z
pi,o pi,o pr,s
ps,s
NG

25. CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE
NFV, SDN, CLOUD/FOG COMPUTING
7 PROJECTS
SMART PLACES
IOT, SOA, CONTROL, MNGT, MIDDLEWARE
7 PROJECTS
FUTURE INTERNET ARCHITECTURES
NOVAGENESIS, XIA, GIN, RINA, CCN, NDN
4 PROJECTS
GOVERNANCE, METHODOLOGIES, TOOLS
QUEUING THEORY, NS3, COOJA, PROJECT
3 PROJECTS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICE
PMI, ITIL, E-TOM, COBIT
2 PROJECTS

26. © Antônio M. Alberti 2015© Antônio M. Alberti 2014
Obrigado!
WWW.INATEL.BR/
NOVAGENESIS
WWW.INATEL.BR/
ICTLAB