This document outlines topics for homework assignments examining ways that marketization produces differences in educational achievement, how children's home environments can lead to differences in achievement between ethnicities, the importance of school factors like racism in creating ethnic differences, reasons for gender differences in subject choice, and the New Right perspective on education. It provides potential exam and essay questions on each topic along with short summaries of relevant sociological theories and studies.

1. 2011
Homework Booklet
[Type the company name]
10/3/2011

2. Outline the ways in which Markestisation produces class difference in educational
achievement. 12m
Marketisation refers to the wider educational system that schools regulate under.
Marketisation brought in…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
These changes explain why schools stream children as………………………………………………………..
The system of releasing figues on A-C grades is why schools ration their time…………………….
Gillborn and Youdell call this the educational triage. This means………………………………………..
Basically schools catagorise pupils as…………………………………………………………………………………..
Though this concept is similar to differentiation, streaming and labelling Gillborn and
Youdell put labeliing and streaming into a wider context, they link labelling……………………….
Marketisation explains why schoola are under pressure to select……………………………………….
Popular schools can select able students but unpopular schools have no choice but to………
Bartlett argues that marketisation leads to ……………………………………………………………………….
Some schools have responded to markestisation by creating a traditional image………………
There is evidence that markestisation has lead to a polarised education system…………….
Sheila macrae…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Examine the ways in which children’s home may lead to differences in achievement levels
between ethnicities 12m
Sociologists argue that ethnic differences in achievement can be expained by looking at
factors in the school. The three main explanations are…………………………………………………
Cultural deprivation theory see underachievement………………………………………………………..
Cultural deprivation theorists see lack of linguistic skills as……………………………………………..
Sociologists see the language spoken by low income black Americans as………………………….
However Swann report found…………………………………………………………………………………………..
The family structure can also effect educational achievement. Danial Moynihan argues……….
Ken pryce also sees………………………………………………………………………
Driver and Ballard argue that asian families…………………………………………………………………………
White working class families alsod under achieve for instance………………
However there are some criticisms of cultural deprivation for instance Driver…………………..
Lawrence…………………………..
Keddie………………………….
Material deprivation means…………………………………….
Flaherty found………………………………………………………..
These inequalities reflect differences in educational achievement………………………….
Finally some sociologts argue that poverty is a product of
discrimination…………………………………

4. Assess the importance of school factors such as racism and pupils responses to racism in
creating ethnic differences in educational achievement 20m
Gillborn and Youdell found that in primary school black……………………………………………………
This suggests there are factors within the school system that cause…………………………………..
Labelling refers to………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
The influence of labelling on black students was studied by Gillborn who found………………
They argue this is because…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Asian students were looked t by Wright’s study……………………………………………………
Pupils respond to labelling in several ways………………………………………….
Mary fuller study……………………………………………………………………………
The study highlights two main points…………………………………
Mirza found that teachers discourage black students by…………………………………………………
Sewekk examined the responses…………………………..
Evaluation of labelling and pupile responses……………………………
Ethnocentric means……………….
Troyna and Williams…………………………………………………………
Stephen Ball…………………………………………….
Coard…………………………………………….
Tryna and Williams looked at teachers………………………………………………..
Gillborn argues…………………………………………………………….
These procedures favour………………………………………………………
However school selection are not cause of segresgation they may be………………………………….

5. Outline the reasons for gender differences in subject choice 12m
the national curriculum reduced pupils choice………………………………………………………………..
however there are still gender differences in…………………………………………………………………
gender differences become more noticeable…………………………………………………………………..
explanations of gender differnces include……………………
Oakley argued that………………………………..
Schools play a role……………………………………….
As a result………………………………..
Browne and Ross……………………………………………..
Boys and girls also interpret………………………………………….
Sociologists try to explain why some subjects are seen as boy subjects…………………………
Colley notes that……………
Subject choice can be influenced by peer pressure…………………………………
Paetcher…………………………
Gender identity can also effet pupils subject choice……………….
Male peer groups use verbal abuse to reinforce…………………………
Mac found that teachers told boys off for…………………………………..
Double standards exist when we………………………………………………………………………….

6. The new right perspective on education 12m
The new right are………………
The new right are similar to functionalists……………..
However the difference………………
The new right argue that……………….
The new right’s solution………………
Chubb and Moe argue…………………………………
They base their arguments on……………………
Surveys involved carrying out…………………
However new right argue there are two main important roles of the state …………..
However Gerwitz and Ball………………
Critics argue……………..
Marxist argue……………………