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Health != Healthcare
New Technologies for
Consumer Health & Wellness
Ashwin Ram, PhD, Innovation Fellow


"Software is eating the world. Over the next 10
years, I expect many more industries to be
disrupted by software.

Healthcare and education are next up for
fundamental software-based transformation.”
              —Marc Andreessen, WSJ Essay




                                                  PARC | Ashwin Ram | 1
My Background
! BTech        EE             1982 IIT Delhi (valedictorian)
! MS           CS             1984 Illinois
! PhD          AI/CogSci      1989 Yale
! Professor    CS             1989 Georgia Tech
! Founder      AI             1999 Enkia (acquired)
! Founder      EDA            2000 Ardext
! Professor    CS/HCC         2003 Georgia Tech
! Founder      Edu            2007 OpenStudy

! Innovation Fellow           2011 PARC
      Area Manager, Augmented Social Cognition
      Program Manager, Healthcare
                                                    PARC | Ashwin Ram | 3
Innovation

  Research turns money into ideas.

  Innovation turns ideas into money.




                                 OpenEducationResearch.org



                                                       PARC | Ashwin Ram | 6
ASC: Augmented Social Cognition


                       Social
                     Computing




         Cognitive
         Science



                                  PARC | Ashwin Ram | 7
ASC: Augmented Social Cognition




                                  PARC | Ashwin Ram | 8
Problem " Solution
" Disruption " Opportunities




                               PARC | Ashwin Ram | 9
Healthcare:
What’s the problem?
                      Obesity Rates




                              PARC | Ashwin Ram | 10
Healthcare:
Where’s the problem?




                       PARC | Ashwin Ram | 11
Disruptive opportunity: Wellness $500B




50% of factors related to    68% of adults are actively
personal health are due to   trying to prevent at least 1
lifestyle.*                  major chronic illness.**
                              Sources: *CDC **Hartman   PARC | Ashwin Ram | 18
How do people get healthcare info?




                                     PARC | Ashwin Ram | 19
Healthcare Information




                     Internet is the leading source
                     of health and wellness information.


                                             PARC | Ashwin Ram | 20
Trends




                    “The consumer is the CEO
                       of their own health.”




PARC | Ashwin Ram | 21                     PARC | Ashwin Ram | 21
The Long Tail of Healthcare
          Traditional




                        WebMD: 105M visitors/mo
                        HealthTap: 15,000 doctors
                        RunKeeper: 9M users

                                  Consumer




                                        PARC | Ashwin Ram | 22
Long Tail Markets:
Empowering the Consumer
Govt        Institution Focus
                                Engagement
Hospital    Healthcare          Peer to Peer
Clinic
                                Social Networks
Insurance
                                Gamification
HIPAA
                                Mobile
                                Open
                                Consumer Focus

                                Health




                                       PARC | Ashwin Ram | 23
If everyone is a “consumer”,
who is the “producer”?




                               PARC | Ashwin Ram | 24
If everyone is a “consumer”,
who is the “producer”?




                               PARC | Ashwin Ram | 25
BHAG – Big Hairy Audacious Goal


                         Social
               Mobile


                        Game




              Healthy Lifestyle
             for 100M+ consumers


                                   PARC | Ashwin Ram | 26
Perfect Storm of
Key Technologies
   Social                                Context

                User Model


                              Diet

   Mobile                              Gamification

             Preferences   Knowledge




                                               PARC | Ashwin Ram | 27
Why Social?
   Social




              PARC | Ashwin Ram | 28
Theoretical Basis
                     Lave & Wenger, 1991




                     Communities
                      of Practice


         Peer                                 Social
       Learning                            Constructivism

       Fuchs, 1997                            Vygotsky, 1978


                       Social
                     Communities




                                                               PARC | Ashwin Ram | 29
The Hard Problem in Healthcare
                                    Behavior Change

the largest reported a loss of
3.2% of initial weight at 2 years

high costs, high attrition rates,
high probability of regaining
>50% of lost weight in 1-2 years

the evidence to support the use
of the major commercial and
self-help weight loss programs
is suboptimal
                                              PARC | Ashwin Ram | 30
Importance of Social Networks
(Christakis & Fowler, 2009)!
                                  •  Entire clusters
                                     quit in concert
                                  •  25% more likely
                                     to quit if your
                                     sibling quit
                                  •  67% more likely
                                     to quit if your
                                     spouse quit
                                  •  34% more likely
                                     to quit if your co-
                                     worker quit
                                  •  36% more likely
                                     to quit if your
                                     friend quits




                                        PARC | Ashwin Ram | 31
Peer Mentoring




                 PARC | Ashwin Ram | 32
Health Information




                     Internet is the leading source
                     of health and wellness information.


                                             PARC | Ashwin Ram | 33
Health 1.0 " Health 2.0




                          PARC | Ashwin Ram | 34
Trends
“Behavior is social. When someone                                                 72% of consumers rely




                                                                    Consumerism
loses weight, quits smoking, or                                                   on the Internet for
increases exercise, the people in                                                 health information
their trusted social network are 34%
more likely to do so.”                                                            100s of millions of
        —Dr. N. Christakis, Harvard School of Medicine                            consumers interact
                                                                                  and share health
                                                social                            experiences online
                                                graph
                                                           game                   100s of hospitals use
                                                          rewards                 social media
                                               relevant
                                                 info                             1000s of health
People require health                                                             communities
information that is timely, relevant,
reliable, and easy to understand.                                                 $100M investment in
                              — Picker Institute Europe                           gamification of health

                                                                                           PARC | Ashwin Ram | 35
Trends




PARC | Ashwin Ram | 36   PARC | Ashwin Ram | 36
Example




          PARC | Ashwin Ram | 37
Example




          PARC | Ashwin Ram | 38
Example




          PARC | Ashwin Ram | 39
Example




REAL Powered by Humana.
Ready to take the first step on the path to a healthier you? At
REAL, you’ll find a wealth of information designed to help you
focus on the most important aspects of life—your physical and
mental health, work and finances, the time you spend relaxing,
and the social relationships you depend on.
Example
Key Technologies
   Social                                Context

                User Model


                              Diet

   Mobile                              Gamification

             Preferences   Knowledge




                                               PARC | Ashwin Ram | 42
Why Contextual?
                  Context




   Mobile




                        PARC | Ashwin Ram | 43
Example




          PARC | Ashwin Ram | 44
Example




          PARC | Ashwin Ram | 45
Example




          PARC | Ashwin Ram | 46
Importance of Context




                        PARC | Ashwin Ram | 47
Importance of Monitoring:
“Quantified Self”




                            PARC | Ashwin Ram | 48
Ecological Momentary Intervention




                                    PARC | Ashwin Ram | 49
Ecological Momentary Intervention




                                    PARC | Ashwin Ram | 50
Key Technologies
   Social                                Context

                User Model


                              Diet

   Mobile                              Gamification

             Preferences   Knowledge




                                               PARC | Ashwin Ram | 51
Why Gamification?




                    Gamification




                            PARC | Ashwin Ram | 52
Example
          games




            PARC | Ashwin Ram | 53
Example
          competitions




                   PARC | Ashwin Ram | 54
Example
           ambient awareness




          UbiFit         PARC | Ashwin Ram | 55
Example
          rewards




              PARC | Ashwin Ram | 56
Key Technologies
   Social                                Context

                User Model


                              Diet

   Mobile                              Gamification

             Preferences   Knowledge




                                               PARC | Ashwin Ram | 57
Why User Modeling?


               User Model


                             Diet




            Preferences   Knowledge




                                      PARC | Ashwin Ram | 58
Example




          PARC | Ashwin Ram | 59
Example




          PARC | Ashwin Ram | 60
How To Model Motivation?
                                    External'environment'
             Diet'                  (s9muli,'informa9on,'
             Record'                rela9onships)'                              Plans'
                                                                                (inten9ons)'
                                                                                                     Evalua9ons'
  Ac9vity'                                                                                           (beliefs)'
  Record'          Food'
                   Resources'   Specific'Change'App'                      Internal'
                                                                         environment'
Social'                                                                  (percepts,'drives,''
                                 Momentary'                                                             Mo9ves'
Network'         Ac9vity'        Recommender'                            emo9onal'states,'              (feelings'of'desire,'
                 Resources'                                              arousal,'                      want,'need)'
                                 External'                               ideas,'frame'of'mind)'
                                 Modeler'
                                                                                                  Impulses/'
                                  Internal'                 Responses'                            Inhibiters'
                                  Modeler'                  (act'or'refrain)'                     (urges'to'act'
                                                                                                  or'refrain)'




                                                      Belief'                     Impulse'
                                        Plans'                      Mood'
                                                      System'                     Tracker'
                                                                                                       PARC | Ashwin Ram | 61
How To Model Habits?
•    Location
•    Time
•    Mood
•    Thoughts
•    People around you
•    Preceding action




                         PARC | Ashwin Ram | 62
How To Model Preferences? Intent?
Current Situation
                             Activity
Physical Context             #Intent      Dining, Shopping, Movies,
location, time, people                    …
                             #Knowledge
                                          Work activities
Electronic Context
calendar, calls, email                    Sports, Hobbies

                                          Future Locations
Interest Model                            and Events
web, email, purchases
                                          Companions
Knowledge Model
attention and past choices                Receptiveness

Behavior Model                            Attention needs
past actions in situations
                                          Motion (walking, standing,
Social Model                              riding, …)
social net, influencers
                                                            PARC | Ashwin Ram | 63
Social
                                                    Mobile


                                                             Game




Tackling the BHAG                                    Healthy
                                                     Lifestyle


         Institution Focus

         Healthcare
     needs policy reform




                                    Consumer Focus
                                     Health
                             need cognitive technology




                                            PARC | Ashwin Ram | 64
Key Technologies
   Social                                Context

                User Model


                              Diet

   Mobile                              Gamification

             Preferences   Knowledge




                                               PARC | Ashwin Ram | 65
ASC: Augmented Social Cognition


                               Social
                             Computing
                                   timely,
           social, personalized,           nt,
                        nable, in the mome
       contextual, actio            edback
           engaging  , relevant, fe

          Cognitive
          Science                          Web Intelligence!



                                                   PARC | Ashwin Ram | 66
Vision: ASC Platform
                Social Network                   Personalization                       Gamification


                                 Consumer                           Just-In-Time                      Behavior
                                 Engagement                         Information                       Change




                                              Modeling Platform



                      Decision            User                      Social         Semantic             Behavior
                      Support            Modeling                  Analysis        Analysis             Modeling




                                                Monitoring Platform
Ethnography/
Field Studies
                      Web/Social                                                                         Context/
                       Network                                                                           Activity


                                                                                                                    PARC | Ashwin Ram | 67
Vision: Social Wellness
                                                            Wellness Drivers

          Consumer
          •  Engagement                                   Food /       Exercise /
             Relevant Information                        Nutrition      Activity
          •  Behavior Change


           Dashboard        Dashboard      Apps          Alternative    Medicine /
                                                          Medicine     Supplements



           Company            Provider
            Portal             Portal



                      Modeling &
                       Analytics
                       Platform                            PARC
                                                       Competitive Edge

        Ethnography           Analytics/Social Media     Context/Activity Tracking



                                                                                     PARC | Ashwin Ram | 68
Contact




www.parc.com/ashwinram          @ashwinram
www.linkedin.com/in/ashwinram   ashwin.ram@parc.com
                                           PARC | Ashwin Ram | 69

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Social Wellness 2012 Talk

  • 1. Health != Healthcare New Technologies for Consumer Health & Wellness Ashwin Ram, PhD, Innovation Fellow "Software is eating the world. Over the next 10 years, I expect many more industries to be disrupted by software. Healthcare and education are next up for fundamental software-based transformation.” —Marc Andreessen, WSJ Essay PARC | Ashwin Ram | 1
  • 2. My Background ! BTech EE 1982 IIT Delhi (valedictorian) ! MS CS 1984 Illinois ! PhD AI/CogSci 1989 Yale ! Professor CS 1989 Georgia Tech ! Founder AI 1999 Enkia (acquired) ! Founder EDA 2000 Ardext ! Professor CS/HCC 2003 Georgia Tech ! Founder Edu 2007 OpenStudy ! Innovation Fellow 2011 PARC Area Manager, Augmented Social Cognition Program Manager, Healthcare PARC | Ashwin Ram | 3
  • 3. Innovation Research turns money into ideas. Innovation turns ideas into money. OpenEducationResearch.org PARC | Ashwin Ram | 6
  • 4. ASC: Augmented Social Cognition Social Computing Cognitive Science PARC | Ashwin Ram | 7
  • 5. ASC: Augmented Social Cognition PARC | Ashwin Ram | 8
  • 6. Problem " Solution " Disruption " Opportunities PARC | Ashwin Ram | 9
  • 7. Healthcare: What’s the problem? Obesity Rates PARC | Ashwin Ram | 10
  • 8. Healthcare: Where’s the problem? PARC | Ashwin Ram | 11
  • 9. Disruptive opportunity: Wellness $500B 50% of factors related to 68% of adults are actively personal health are due to trying to prevent at least 1 lifestyle.* major chronic illness.** Sources: *CDC **Hartman PARC | Ashwin Ram | 18
  • 10. How do people get healthcare info? PARC | Ashwin Ram | 19
  • 11. Healthcare Information Internet is the leading source of health and wellness information. PARC | Ashwin Ram | 20
  • 12. Trends “The consumer is the CEO of their own health.” PARC | Ashwin Ram | 21 PARC | Ashwin Ram | 21
  • 13. The Long Tail of Healthcare Traditional WebMD: 105M visitors/mo HealthTap: 15,000 doctors RunKeeper: 9M users Consumer PARC | Ashwin Ram | 22
  • 14. Long Tail Markets: Empowering the Consumer Govt Institution Focus Engagement Hospital Healthcare Peer to Peer Clinic Social Networks Insurance Gamification HIPAA Mobile Open Consumer Focus Health PARC | Ashwin Ram | 23
  • 15. If everyone is a “consumer”, who is the “producer”? PARC | Ashwin Ram | 24
  • 16. If everyone is a “consumer”, who is the “producer”? PARC | Ashwin Ram | 25
  • 17. BHAG – Big Hairy Audacious Goal Social Mobile Game Healthy Lifestyle for 100M+ consumers PARC | Ashwin Ram | 26
  • 18. Perfect Storm of Key Technologies Social Context User Model Diet Mobile Gamification Preferences Knowledge PARC | Ashwin Ram | 27
  • 19. Why Social? Social PARC | Ashwin Ram | 28
  • 20. Theoretical Basis Lave & Wenger, 1991 Communities of Practice Peer Social Learning Constructivism Fuchs, 1997 Vygotsky, 1978 Social Communities PARC | Ashwin Ram | 29
  • 21. The Hard Problem in Healthcare Behavior Change the largest reported a loss of 3.2% of initial weight at 2 years high costs, high attrition rates, high probability of regaining >50% of lost weight in 1-2 years the evidence to support the use of the major commercial and self-help weight loss programs is suboptimal PARC | Ashwin Ram | 30
  • 22. Importance of Social Networks (Christakis & Fowler, 2009)! •  Entire clusters quit in concert •  25% more likely to quit if your sibling quit •  67% more likely to quit if your spouse quit •  34% more likely to quit if your co- worker quit •  36% more likely to quit if your friend quits PARC | Ashwin Ram | 31
  • 23. Peer Mentoring PARC | Ashwin Ram | 32
  • 24. Health Information Internet is the leading source of health and wellness information. PARC | Ashwin Ram | 33
  • 25. Health 1.0 " Health 2.0 PARC | Ashwin Ram | 34
  • 26. Trends “Behavior is social. When someone 72% of consumers rely Consumerism loses weight, quits smoking, or on the Internet for increases exercise, the people in health information their trusted social network are 34% more likely to do so.” 100s of millions of —Dr. N. Christakis, Harvard School of Medicine consumers interact and share health social experiences online graph game 100s of hospitals use rewards social media relevant info 1000s of health People require health communities information that is timely, relevant, reliable, and easy to understand. $100M investment in — Picker Institute Europe gamification of health PARC | Ashwin Ram | 35
  • 27. Trends PARC | Ashwin Ram | 36 PARC | Ashwin Ram | 36
  • 28. Example PARC | Ashwin Ram | 37
  • 29. Example PARC | Ashwin Ram | 38
  • 30. Example PARC | Ashwin Ram | 39
  • 31. Example REAL Powered by Humana. Ready to take the first step on the path to a healthier you? At REAL, you’ll find a wealth of information designed to help you focus on the most important aspects of life—your physical and mental health, work and finances, the time you spend relaxing, and the social relationships you depend on.
  • 33. Key Technologies Social Context User Model Diet Mobile Gamification Preferences Knowledge PARC | Ashwin Ram | 42
  • 34. Why Contextual? Context Mobile PARC | Ashwin Ram | 43
  • 35. Example PARC | Ashwin Ram | 44
  • 36. Example PARC | Ashwin Ram | 45
  • 37. Example PARC | Ashwin Ram | 46
  • 38. Importance of Context PARC | Ashwin Ram | 47
  • 39. Importance of Monitoring: “Quantified Self” PARC | Ashwin Ram | 48
  • 40. Ecological Momentary Intervention PARC | Ashwin Ram | 49
  • 41. Ecological Momentary Intervention PARC | Ashwin Ram | 50
  • 42. Key Technologies Social Context User Model Diet Mobile Gamification Preferences Knowledge PARC | Ashwin Ram | 51
  • 43. Why Gamification? Gamification PARC | Ashwin Ram | 52
  • 44. Example games PARC | Ashwin Ram | 53
  • 45. Example competitions PARC | Ashwin Ram | 54
  • 46. Example ambient awareness UbiFit PARC | Ashwin Ram | 55
  • 47. Example rewards PARC | Ashwin Ram | 56
  • 48. Key Technologies Social Context User Model Diet Mobile Gamification Preferences Knowledge PARC | Ashwin Ram | 57
  • 49. Why User Modeling? User Model Diet Preferences Knowledge PARC | Ashwin Ram | 58
  • 50. Example PARC | Ashwin Ram | 59
  • 51. Example PARC | Ashwin Ram | 60
  • 52. How To Model Motivation? External'environment' Diet' (s9muli,'informa9on,' Record' rela9onships)' Plans' (inten9ons)' Evalua9ons' Ac9vity' (beliefs)' Record' Food' Resources' Specific'Change'App' Internal' environment' Social' (percepts,'drives,'' Momentary' Mo9ves' Network' Ac9vity' Recommender' emo9onal'states,' (feelings'of'desire,' Resources' arousal,' want,'need)' External' ideas,'frame'of'mind)' Modeler' Impulses/' Internal' Responses' Inhibiters' Modeler' (act'or'refrain)' (urges'to'act' or'refrain)' Belief' Impulse' Plans' Mood' System' Tracker' PARC | Ashwin Ram | 61
  • 53. How To Model Habits? •  Location •  Time •  Mood •  Thoughts •  People around you •  Preceding action PARC | Ashwin Ram | 62
  • 54. How To Model Preferences? Intent? Current Situation Activity Physical Context #Intent Dining, Shopping, Movies, location, time, people … #Knowledge Work activities Electronic Context calendar, calls, email Sports, Hobbies Future Locations Interest Model and Events web, email, purchases Companions Knowledge Model attention and past choices Receptiveness Behavior Model Attention needs past actions in situations Motion (walking, standing, Social Model riding, …) social net, influencers PARC | Ashwin Ram | 63
  • 55. Social Mobile Game Tackling the BHAG Healthy Lifestyle Institution Focus Healthcare needs policy reform Consumer Focus Health need cognitive technology PARC | Ashwin Ram | 64
  • 56. Key Technologies Social Context User Model Diet Mobile Gamification Preferences Knowledge PARC | Ashwin Ram | 65
  • 57. ASC: Augmented Social Cognition Social Computing timely, social, personalized, nt, nable, in the mome contextual, actio edback engaging , relevant, fe Cognitive Science Web Intelligence! PARC | Ashwin Ram | 66
  • 58. Vision: ASC Platform Social Network Personalization Gamification Consumer Just-In-Time Behavior Engagement Information Change Modeling Platform Decision User Social Semantic Behavior Support Modeling Analysis Analysis Modeling Monitoring Platform Ethnography/ Field Studies Web/Social Context/ Network Activity PARC | Ashwin Ram | 67
  • 59. Vision: Social Wellness Wellness Drivers Consumer •  Engagement Food / Exercise / Relevant Information Nutrition Activity •  Behavior Change Dashboard Dashboard Apps Alternative Medicine / Medicine Supplements Company Provider Portal Portal Modeling & Analytics Platform PARC Competitive Edge Ethnography Analytics/Social Media Context/Activity Tracking PARC | Ashwin Ram | 68
  • 60. Contact www.parc.com/ashwinram @ashwinram www.linkedin.com/in/ashwinram ashwin.ram@parc.com PARC | Ashwin Ram | 69