Social security means the overall security for a person in the family, work place and society. Social security is a system to meet the basic needs as well as contingencies of life in order to maintain an adequate standard of living. It is not a charity rather a right. But women workers are living below the minimum accepted standards without adequate facilities and having very lower income that did not meet their daily needs of life. Objective of the study to know the present status of women workers in unorganized sector and to know the social. Security Act in India, the study is based on purely from secondary sources collected form different articles newspaper and websites. Ranjith Kumar | Ramya M "Social Security for Women Workers in Unorganized Sector: A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20302.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/20302/social-security-for-women-workers-in-unorganized-sector-a-study/ranjith-kumar
Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Schemeijtsrd
Rural Employment Guarantee Act was notified on September 7, 2005, now referred to as MGNREGA was launched on 2 February 2006 in 200 backward districts with a view to extend it to all the districts within five years and extended through out India wef, 01- 04 - 2008. It was expanded to cover another 130 districts in 2007-2008 and eventually covered all districts in India wef April 01, 2008.As envisaged in the Act, the Jammu and Kashmir Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme has been formulated on the basis of the Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. The flagship scheme was extended to the State wef February 2006 as per following roaster:1. Doda, Poonch, Kupwar are Ist generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 2-2006)2. Anantnag and Jammu are 2nd generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 04-2007)3. Rest of the Districts (17) including District Pulwama are 3rd generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 04-2008) Mohd Ashraf Mir | Dr. Vibha Doorwar | Dr. Syed Damsaz Ali Andrabi"Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2289.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/2289/mahatama-gandhi-national-rural-employment-guarantee-scheme/mohd-ashraf-mir
Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Schemeijtsrd
Rural Employment Guarantee Act was notified on September 7, 2005, now referred to as MGNREGA was launched on 2 February 2006 in 200 backward districts with a view to extend it to all the districts within five years and extended through out India wef, 01- 04 - 2008. It was expanded to cover another 130 districts in 2007-2008 and eventually covered all districts in India wef April 01, 2008.As envisaged in the Act, the Jammu and Kashmir Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme has been formulated on the basis of the Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. The flagship scheme was extended to the State wef February 2006 as per following roaster:1. Doda, Poonch, Kupwar are Ist generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 2-2006)2. Anantnag and Jammu are 2nd generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 04-2007)3. Rest of the Districts (17) including District Pulwama are 3rd generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 04-2008) Mohd Ashraf Mir | Dr. Vibha Doorwar | Dr. Syed Damsaz Ali Andrabi"Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2289.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/2289/mahatama-gandhi-national-rural-employment-guarantee-scheme/mohd-ashraf-mir
The economic prosperity of a nation depends on the quality of its workforce. The present study attempts to describe the work force participation rates in India. This study illustrates the spatial and temporal change in the work force participation of persons (males and females) in India, highlighting important differences due to sex, age, place of residence. A striking feature has been a rising trend in the rural female work force participation rates after liberalization (1991) but declining trend in the last decade (2011). This work force distribution also presents data regarding number of main and marginal workers. The time series data on work force distribution by category of workers like cultivators, agricultural laborers, workers in rural Household industries, etc. also presents a picture of structural change occurring in the economy. The temporal analysis of total workers of India explains that the work participation rate has registered continuous increase in the last three decades.
“Employment Generation and Poverty Alleviation in Developing Countries” Chall...IOSR Journals
Implications of economic policies initiated and pursued by the Government for the creation of
gainful employment opportunities. After independence, when India initiated the programme of economic
development through planning mechanism, neither of the two prevalent economic theories i.e. the Keynesian
theory of effective demand and the neo-classical theory of flexible wage rates was not found suitable to the
Indian conditions.
Poverty reduction has been an important goal of development policy since the inception of planning in
India. Various antipoverty, employment generation and basic services programmes have been in operation for
decades in India. The ongoing reforms attach great importance to removal of poverty, and addressing
specifically the wide variations across States and the rural-urban divide. Anti-poverty strategy has three broad
components: promotion of economic growth; promotion of human development; and targeted programmes of
poverty alleviation to address multi-dimensional nature of poverty. The various programmes targeted at the
poor have been streamlined and strengthened in recent years, including through the NREGS.
The influence of macro economic environment on the industry speeds ahead economy generates more
jobs and higher levels of wages and income through increasing productivity. To achieve these objectives, series
of outward oriented policy changes i.e. industrial reforms, fiscal reforms, monetary reforms, trade policy reform
etc. were introduced. An economic reform has been evolving historically and being propelled forward with
incredible speed by the technological revolution.
Youth Unemployment in India - Present ScenarioArul Edison
Young Indians face major barriers because of poverty and low levels of human capital. Though educational attainment has risen quickly in recent years, gaining a foothold in the labour market remains elusive for many young Indians. In rural and urban areas, young males are usually employed in casual jobs, while their female counterparts tend to be self-employed. Although a large proportion of young rural women are employed in agriculture, rural males are increasingly turning to the non-farm sector. In comparison, young urban males are largely working in the services sector. This paper highlights youth unemployment in India - present scenario.
Impact of Migration and Unplanned Development on the Urban Populationijtsrd
India today is emerging as a faster growing economy, and estimated to become the country with the largest population by 2050 crossing China. India's urbanization development has happened in an unplanned manner and with speedy migration happening from rural to urban India, it is expected that by 2030, 40 of the population will be living in urban India. Urban India can be divided into 2 categories the rich and the poor people, the rich people have access to everything and the poor and the middle class have become a victim of climate change, food shortage, India urban waste maximum amount of food in the world, it utilize maximum amount of groundwater for construction purpose. The economy of the country lies in the hand of 1 of the population who are rich, and the rest don't have much control, the average income is very less of a urban middle class to satisfy the basic necessities, the urban poor are becoming more poor, the smart city mission will bring development and economy growth but will make the rich richer and middle class people, upper middle class. Inequality, lack of opportunities where the educated unemployed youths can never help India come out of poverty. It is a growing economy in the world but very poor when it comes to development for its people. Dr. Sumanta Bhattacharya | Debashis Sen | Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev "Impact of Migration and Unplanned Development on the Urban Population" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46469.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/46469/impact-of-migration-and-unplanned-development-on-the-urban-population/dr-sumanta-bhattacharya
This is regarding India ,s economy growth condition .India is growing without adding Job .This phenomenon is called Jobless Growth .Government policies to mitigate the same
Notes About chapter-2 Economics People as Resources
It will be very useful to class 9 student/ Secondary School student to gain the knowledge upon the economy of the India. If you have some doubt then drop down a comment I will try to respond early and also make you clear the doubt on the particular Topic.
Thank you.
Need for wage policy and relationship between wages and employmenthemurathore1
Wage is paid to the assembly line workers or worker at operational level. It is paid hourly/daily/weekly.
The term “Wage Policy” refers to legislation of government action undertaken to regulate the level or structure of wages or both for the purpose of achieving specific objectives of social and economic policy.
There are two components of wages: financial and non-financial
A Power Point Presentation on the Social Security of Women in India. Students can easily avail the facts through the presentation and hope it will prove to be a helpful piece for the assignments.
The economic prosperity of a nation depends on the quality of its workforce. The present study attempts to describe the work force participation rates in India. This study illustrates the spatial and temporal change in the work force participation of persons (males and females) in India, highlighting important differences due to sex, age, place of residence. A striking feature has been a rising trend in the rural female work force participation rates after liberalization (1991) but declining trend in the last decade (2011). This work force distribution also presents data regarding number of main and marginal workers. The time series data on work force distribution by category of workers like cultivators, agricultural laborers, workers in rural Household industries, etc. also presents a picture of structural change occurring in the economy. The temporal analysis of total workers of India explains that the work participation rate has registered continuous increase in the last three decades.
“Employment Generation and Poverty Alleviation in Developing Countries” Chall...IOSR Journals
Implications of economic policies initiated and pursued by the Government for the creation of
gainful employment opportunities. After independence, when India initiated the programme of economic
development through planning mechanism, neither of the two prevalent economic theories i.e. the Keynesian
theory of effective demand and the neo-classical theory of flexible wage rates was not found suitable to the
Indian conditions.
Poverty reduction has been an important goal of development policy since the inception of planning in
India. Various antipoverty, employment generation and basic services programmes have been in operation for
decades in India. The ongoing reforms attach great importance to removal of poverty, and addressing
specifically the wide variations across States and the rural-urban divide. Anti-poverty strategy has three broad
components: promotion of economic growth; promotion of human development; and targeted programmes of
poverty alleviation to address multi-dimensional nature of poverty. The various programmes targeted at the
poor have been streamlined and strengthened in recent years, including through the NREGS.
The influence of macro economic environment on the industry speeds ahead economy generates more
jobs and higher levels of wages and income through increasing productivity. To achieve these objectives, series
of outward oriented policy changes i.e. industrial reforms, fiscal reforms, monetary reforms, trade policy reform
etc. were introduced. An economic reform has been evolving historically and being propelled forward with
incredible speed by the technological revolution.
Youth Unemployment in India - Present ScenarioArul Edison
Young Indians face major barriers because of poverty and low levels of human capital. Though educational attainment has risen quickly in recent years, gaining a foothold in the labour market remains elusive for many young Indians. In rural and urban areas, young males are usually employed in casual jobs, while their female counterparts tend to be self-employed. Although a large proportion of young rural women are employed in agriculture, rural males are increasingly turning to the non-farm sector. In comparison, young urban males are largely working in the services sector. This paper highlights youth unemployment in India - present scenario.
Impact of Migration and Unplanned Development on the Urban Populationijtsrd
India today is emerging as a faster growing economy, and estimated to become the country with the largest population by 2050 crossing China. India's urbanization development has happened in an unplanned manner and with speedy migration happening from rural to urban India, it is expected that by 2030, 40 of the population will be living in urban India. Urban India can be divided into 2 categories the rich and the poor people, the rich people have access to everything and the poor and the middle class have become a victim of climate change, food shortage, India urban waste maximum amount of food in the world, it utilize maximum amount of groundwater for construction purpose. The economy of the country lies in the hand of 1 of the population who are rich, and the rest don't have much control, the average income is very less of a urban middle class to satisfy the basic necessities, the urban poor are becoming more poor, the smart city mission will bring development and economy growth but will make the rich richer and middle class people, upper middle class. Inequality, lack of opportunities where the educated unemployed youths can never help India come out of poverty. It is a growing economy in the world but very poor when it comes to development for its people. Dr. Sumanta Bhattacharya | Debashis Sen | Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev "Impact of Migration and Unplanned Development on the Urban Population" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46469.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/46469/impact-of-migration-and-unplanned-development-on-the-urban-population/dr-sumanta-bhattacharya
This is regarding India ,s economy growth condition .India is growing without adding Job .This phenomenon is called Jobless Growth .Government policies to mitigate the same
Notes About chapter-2 Economics People as Resources
It will be very useful to class 9 student/ Secondary School student to gain the knowledge upon the economy of the India. If you have some doubt then drop down a comment I will try to respond early and also make you clear the doubt on the particular Topic.
Thank you.
Need for wage policy and relationship between wages and employmenthemurathore1
Wage is paid to the assembly line workers or worker at operational level. It is paid hourly/daily/weekly.
The term “Wage Policy” refers to legislation of government action undertaken to regulate the level or structure of wages or both for the purpose of achieving specific objectives of social and economic policy.
There are two components of wages: financial and non-financial
A Power Point Presentation on the Social Security of Women in India. Students can easily avail the facts through the presentation and hope it will prove to be a helpful piece for the assignments.
Women Workers in Informal Sector in India: Understanding the Occupational Vul...Dr Lendy Spires
Unorganised or informal sector constitutes a pivotal part of the Indian economy. More than 90 per cent of workforce and about 50 per cent of the national product are accounted for by the informal economy. A high proportion of socially and economically underprivileged sections of society are concentrated in the informal economic activities [1]. Informal employment is generally a larger source of employment for women than for men in the developing world. Other than in North Africa where 43 per cent of women workers are in informal employment, 60 per cent or more of women workers in the developing world are in informal employment(outside agriculture).
In sub-Saharan Africa 84 per cent of women non-agricultural workers; in Latin America 58 per cent for women in comparison to 48 percent for men. In Asia, the proportion of women and men non-agricultural workers in informal employment is roughly equivalentto Women and Men in the Informal Economy [2].The informal economy in India employs about 86 per cent of the country’s work force and 91 per cent of its women workers [3]. Many of these women workers are primary earners for their families. Their earnings are necessary for sheer survival. Low income women workers, especially in the informal sectorform one of the most vulnerable groups in the Indian economy.
The reasons for their vulnerability are-(a) irregular work, (b) low economic status, (c) little or no bargaining power, (d) lack of control over earnings, (e) need to balance paid work with care for children and homework, (f) little or no access to institutional credit, training and information, and (g) lack of assets. Unequal gender relations play a very important role in defining their insecurities. Given their vulnerable status at home and at work, income generation alone may not improve the socio-economic status of women attached to the informal sector. Their economic empowerment needs to go along with political empowerment, which could improve their bargaining power both in household and at work.
This means that organizing women workers in the informl economy could have beneficial impacts on their work and their life if such organizationcombines voices representation along with access to resources such as credit and information- a holistic strategy that provides political empowerment allied with economic empowerment.The present study aims at understanding the degree of vulnerabilityof the women workers in informal sector in India.
In India, unorganized sector play major role in our Indiana economic and large amount of population works in this sector. More than 90 percent of the workforce and about 50 percent of the national product are accounted for by the informal economy. This sector also encompasses the treasure of traditional indigenous knowledge.
It caters to the wide ranging economic requirements of the society. The economic contribution of unorganized sector can be discussed in terms of employment in unorganized sector, contribution to GDP and Gross Value Added and supplying various goods and services for the society.
Unlike the organized sector, even this sector has not received the benefits or organization. Many of them are victims of invisibility. The difficulty starts with identifying the unorganized sector. This report is an attempt to identify the role of the unorganized sector in the Indian economy with special reference to economic contribution and employment.
Problem of Invisible Labor In India.pptxtaxguruedu
The current article focuses on the absence of documentation and registration of employees, mostly made up of the informal class of workers, who are known as the invisible labour workforce since they cannot be discovered to be recognised as being legally employed.
Prof. Vibhuti Patel "Gender Equality and Human Rights NHRC 30-11-2013VIBHUTI PATEL
Gender equity denotes an element of interpretation of social justice, usually based on tradition, custom, religion or culture, which is most often to the detriment to women. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, also known as the Women’s Bill of Rights, declares that countries should:
• Act to eliminate violations of women’s rights, whether by private persons, groups or organizations,
• Endeavour to modify social and cultural patterns of conduct that stereotype either gender or put women in an inferior position,
• Ensure that women have equal rights in education and equal access to information,
• Eliminate discrimination against women in their access to health care,
• End discrimination against women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations.
Similar to Social Security for Women Workers in Unorganized Sector A Study (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Social Security for Women Workers in Unorganized Sector A Study
1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID - IJTSRD20302 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 202
Social Security for Women Workers in
Unorganized Sector: A Study
Ranjith Kumar, Ramya M
Research Scholar, Department of Studies in Economics, Kuvempu University,
Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
ABSTRACT
Social security means the overall security for a person in the family, work place and society. Social security is a systemtomeet
the basic needs as well as contingencies of life in order to maintain an adequate standard of living. It is not a charity rather a
right. But women workers are living below the minimum accepted standardswithout adequatefacilitiesandhavingverylower
income that did not meet their daily needs of life. Objective of the study to know the present status of women workers in
unorganized sector and to know the social. Security Act in India, the study is based on purelyfromsecondarysourcescollected
form different articles newspaper and websites.
KEYWORDS: Social Security, Unorganized
1. INTRODUCTION
Social security is that government, which is the symbol and
representative of society is responsiblefor fixingaminimum
standard of living for all its citizens. Social Security is an
instrument for social transformation and progress. The tem
“Unorganized” is often used in the Indian context to refer to
the vast numbers of women and men engaged in different
forms of employment. According to ILO “Social Security is
the protection which society provides for its members
through a series of Public measure,againstthe economicand
social distress that otherwise would be caused by the
stoppage or substantial prediction of earning resultingfrom
sickness, maternity, employment, injury, unemployment,
invalidity, old age and death.”
Social Security of women have been widely and repeatedly
discussed by the media and the government of India from
time to time. However all the government acts are gender
sensitive, although never dimensions have been added to
make ensure women rights in the modern. SocietytheHindu
Marriage Act of 1956 explains the divisions of property in a
Hindu joint family and explains the right of women. The
maternity leaves for working class women. In case of
separation, the women are give equal rights and the highest
degree of emotional. Security hence there are many laws
have been enacted by the government agenciestoprovidein
built support to the society especially the women.
2. Review of Literature
The ILO definition (1972) incorporated the idea that
informal sector had untapped development potential
because of its flexibility and potential for creative response
to economic change. The only specificity being absence of
workers rights and social security in every other way, both
form part of an integral whole.
According to G. Rajendran and S. Hema (2015) concluded
that they are the most vulnerableanddeprived sectionofthe
society in the need of protection, security, benefits and
assistance.
Anthony P. D’Souza (2013) focused the status and
contribution of unorganized sector focused more on the
challenges and problems faced by the youth in selecting job
as self-employment.
3. Objective of the Study
1. To study the present status of women workers in
unorganized sector
2. To study the social security Act in India
4. Methodology
Data sources the study is based on purely secondary data
collected form newspaper and websites etc.
5. Analysis and Interpretation
The Indian council of social science research, New Delhi has
made several studies in a wide range of occupations in the
unorganized sector on women. Studies which were
conducted in the various part of the country reveals the
awful conditions of the women labourers intheunorganized
sector. It has been observed that a significant percentage of
the jobs in this sector are managed by women drawn from
lower caste and lower class women. Ignorance, tradition
bound attitudes, illiteracy, lack of skills,seasonablenatureof
employment, heavy physical work of different types, long
hours of work with limited payment, discrimination inwage
structures of men and women,lackofguaranteeof minimum
wage, lack of job security, lack of comprehensive legislation
to cover these labourers in unorganized informal sector.,
lack of minimum facilities at the work-site, ill-treatment,
migration and disintegration of families, bondage and
alienation, etc. are the characteristics of the employment
women in the sector.
Most of the women are found to be employed in agricultural
activities and in the unorganized sector. The employment of
women is high in the unorganized sector such as part time
helpers in households, construction center, match andbeedi
industries etc. An estimate by theworld bankshowthat90%
of the women working in the unorganized sector are not
included in the official statistics and then work is
undocumented and considered as disguised wage work,
unskilled, low paying and do not provide benefits to the
workers. Statistics show that vast majority of Indianwork in
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID - IJTSRD20302 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 203
agriculture where 55% of the population is female
agricultural workers and 30% of the men are labourers and
not cultivators.
Labouring women in the unorganized sector are an
important segment on the labour force inIndia.Accordingto
an estimate of National Commission of Self Employment of
women, 94% of the total female work force operates in the
organized sector. They do arduous work as wage earners,
piece rate workers, casual labourandpaid familylabour. The
coverage of labour laws has not benefited there women
workers in many areas of wages, working conditions,
maternity benefits and social security.
Characteristics of Women Workers
Particulars Male Female Rural Female
Total workers (in million) 309.4 148.0 124.0
Labour Force participation Rate 56.0 29.0 33.3
Work Force participation Rate 54.7 28.3 32.7
Percentage of Casual Labour in total work force 27.5 30.0 32.6
% of unorganized sector workers in total workforce 84.0 91.3 94.5
% of workers in Agriculture and Allied activities 48.9 72.8 83.34
% of out of school children in Relevant Age (5-14 years) 15.5 20.7 23.5
Mean Years of Schooling (unorganized Non-Agricultural workers) 6.1 3.7 2.9
Wage Rate of rural agricultural labourers (Per Mandy) 47.9 N A 33.1
Wage rate of Rural Non-agricultural Labourers (Per Mandy) 67.5 N A 44.0
% of casual labourer (Rural) not getting National minimum wage of 66 78.0 N A 95.6
Source: National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS)
This table highlights some glaring problems planning the unorganized sector. Even at a cursory glance it is obvious that the
balance is titled heavily against women workers of the unorganized sector.
Social Security in India
Many nations in the Asia and Pacific have been finding out
alternate solutions for the social security protection of
various groups. Each nation has come up with some
difficulty or the other.
Lets us bring our focus to one such nation, the Republic of
India. India is a developing nation with onesixthoftheworld
human population. The SocialSecurityPlansimplemented in
India have been post-independence and has been limited to
organize and some sections of the unorganized sector. The
growing population has been working the government of
India for far too long. Policy makers of the government have
been trying to implement schemes with the increasing
demands coming from the people hampering all efforts
policy makers do. The devoid created by the disorganization
of once a joint family system has made more and more
families secured, vulnerable and out of the social security
schemes.
Social Security in India have been addressed by the Central
Government through various Acts:
1. Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923
2. Maternity Benefits Act, 1961
3. Employment State Insurance Scheme, 1948
4. Employment Provident Fund Scheme, 1925
5. Coal Mines Provident Fund Bonus Scheme, 1948
6. Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952
7. Employees Family Pension Scheme, 1971
8. The Assam Tea Plantation Provident Fund Act, 1965
9. The Seamen’s Provident Fund Act, 1966
10. Safety health and welfare of Dock Workers (The Dock
Workers Regulation of Employment Act, 1948)
11. The Survivor-Ship Pension Scheme, 1971
12. The Way-off and Retirement Compensation (Industrial
Dispute Act, 1947 with amendment in 1953)
13. The Old Age Pension Scheme (The Family Pension
Scheme, 1964)
14. Gratuity Trust Funds
15. Unemployment Insurance
16. Integrated Social Security Scheme
The Schemes mentioned above, have been discussed and
amended by the government of India from time to time.
Many more schemes are being discussed today. The
government is trying to cover aspects such as environment,
habitat, health and nutrition in a larger space of Social
Security.
Suggestions
A comprehensive law is needed to protect the right of
women workers in unorganized sector.
Adequate training should be provided to women
workers
There is need of more effective Social Security
programme
Mass media can play a great role to change social
outlook towards women workers in informal sector
Basic Training Programme Provide to women workers
in unorganized sector
Conclusion
In India unorganized women workers face seriousproblems
and constraints related to work such as lack of continuity,
insecurity, wage discrimination, unhealthy job relationship,
absence of medical and accident case etc. The exploitation of
women workers in unorganized sector happens both
horizontally and vertically. It is time to address the issues
and discuss the kind of policy reforms and institutional
changes required fortheemancipation andempowermentof
unorganized women worker force with support of Social
Security Scheme.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID - IJTSRD20302 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 204
There are various reasons for pitiable conditions of women
in unorganized sector. The Central and State government
had launched many schemes for providing support to
women but there are not sufficient to overcometheproblem
of women workers in unorganized sector. There is need to
effective implementation of these schemes.
References
[1] Bhatt E. (1988). “NationalCommissionon Self Employed
Women’s the Women in theInformalSector”,TheReport
by NCEUS.
[2] Kumar S. (1989). “Women Workers in Unorganized
Sector in India”, Yojana, Vol. 33, No. 22.
[3] Singh Mohinder (1989). “Women and Development
Process in India”, Khadi Gramodyog, Vol. XXXV, No. 4.
[4] Varshney S. (2011). “Role of WomeninInformalSector”,
Economic Affairs, Vol. 56, No. 2.
[5] www.socialsecurity.gov/women
[6] http://www.tarj.in