Helpful for beginners of management studies

1. Compiled by
Reshmi P Ravi
Asst Prof (On Contract)
Department of Management Studies
St Mary’s College, Thrissur, Kerala

2. SOCIAL SCIENTISTS AND
THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS
Management Concepts and Business Ethics,
Based on Module 1 for BBA Semester 1 students of University of Calicut

3. • Scientific And Functional approach to Management
• Industrial revolution started in Europe after 1750. Large
scale production was introduced during this time. Small
scale Production from domestic systems moved to large
scale production in the factories. Huge capital was
needed then. Joint stock companies came into being as
a solution for this huge demand for capital. This also
resulted in management problems, exploitation of the
workers and several mal practices. Government of
England then passed FACTORIES Act then.
• There were many social scientists who contributed in
making better working conditions of the workers in the
industries. Some of them are:

4. Robert Owen
• Focused on labour
welfare .
• He Said that labourers
should not be treated as
secondary inferior
machine.
• He is the father of
modern personnel
management
• He is one of the founders
of utopian socialism and
the cooperative
movement.

5. Charles Babbage
• Studies conditions of
workers in England
and France
• Emphasized that
good machines and
efficient workers are
needed for the
success of business
• He talked about
division of labour and
specialization.

6. F W TAYLOR
• He said adoption of scientific
approach in work would
achieve higher efficiency.
• Rule of thumb was
discouraged by him
• He said that the work, the way
doing that work, the time
required for doing the work etc
should be scientifically found
out .
• Father" of the
Scientific Management and
Father of Industrial
Engineering

7. Henry Robinson Towne
• He emphasized that
recognition should be
given to human factor
in all the problems of
management.
• he felt that each
industrial unit should
be run by a
mechanical engineer,
administrator and a
statistician.

8. Henry Laurence Gantt,
• Founder of Gantt
chart

9. GANTT CHART
• A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project
schedule. This chart lists the tasks to be performed on the
vertical axis, and time intervals on the horizontal axis. The
width of the horizontal bars in the graph show the duration of
each activity Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of
the terminal elements and summary elements of a project.
Terminal elements and summary elements constitute the
work breakdown structure of the project. Modern Gantt charts
also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network)
relationships between activities. Gantt charts can be used to
show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings
and a vertical "TODAY" line as shown here.
•

10. EX:

12. Frank Bunker Gilbreth
• He was an engineer and
a contractor.
• He found that much of the
efforts of the employees
were wasted on
unnecessary actions .
• Thus he found out Time
and motions study
• It increased productivity.
• He also initiated training
for employees and
brought the promotion
systems

13. Chester Irving Barnard
• Divided the organizations
in to formal and informal
ones
• His writings are – The
Function of Executive,
Organisation and
Management
• He emphasized on the
free communication
between employers and
workers

14. Other contributors
• Abraham Maslow – five levels of human
need hierarchy
• Frederick Herzberg – Hygiene Theory
• Douglas Mc Gregor – Theory X- Y
• Rensis Likert – Book – New Patterns of
Management

15. Rensis Likert
• Likert theory facilitated the measurement of the "soft"
areas of management, such as trust and
communication.
• Rensis Likert recognized four management styles, or
systems.
1. Exploitative-authoritative: The first system of
Rensis Likert theory is characterized by decision-
making in the upper echelons of the organization, with
no teamwork and little communication other than
threats.
2. Benevolent-authoritative: This Likert system is
based on a master-servant relationship between
management and employees, where rewards are the
sole motivators and both teamwork and
communication are minimal.
3. Consultative: In this style, managers partly trust
subordinates, use both rewards and involvement to
inspire motivation, foster a higher level of
responsibility for meeting goals, and inspire a
moderate amount of teamwork and some
communication.
4. Participative-group: This system is based on
managerial trust and confidence in employees;
collectively determined, goal-based rewards; a
collective sense of responsibility for meeting company
objectives; collaborative teamwork and open
communication.

16. Lyndall Fownes Urwick
• He wrote an influential book
called The Elements of
Business Administration
• He propound 6 principles ;
1. Principles of Investigation
2. Principles of objective
3. Principles of organisation
4. Principles of direction
5. Principles of experiment
6. Principles of control
Also 29 classic principles for
organisation

17. Herbert A. Simon
• Books – 1. Administrative
Behaviour 2. A study of decision
making process in administrative
organisation 3. Models of Man and
the New Science of Management
Decision
• His main contributions are
organisation concept, decision
making clubbed with intelligence
activity, design ability, choice
activity, bounded rationality,
organisation communication etc

18. PETER F DRUCKER
• Drucker's 39 books have
been translated into more
than thirty-six languages.
• He focused on nature and
functions of
management,
organisation structure ,
centralization and
decentralization etc
• MBO is his main
contribution.

19. Coimbatore Krishnarao Prahalad
• Introduced Core
Competency Theory
• It dealt with redefining
competencies and strategic
thinking
• He was the co-author of
"Core Competence of the
Corporation" (with Gary
Hamel) and "The Fortune at
the Bottom of the
Pyramid"(with Stuart L.
Hart), about the business
opportunity in serving
the Bottom of the Pyramid.

21. Michael Eugene Porter
• Propounded a five
force model for
international
competitiveness
• Its in a diamond
shape and it is called
Porter’s diamond

22. Porter’s diamond

24. Henri Fayol

28. Mary Parker Follett

29. • Along with Lillian Gilbreth, Mary Parker
Follett was one of two great
women management gurus in the early
days of classical management theory.
Follett is known to be "Mother of Modern
Management".[2]

44. Webography and sites for further reading
– www.Wikipedia.org
– https://www.britannica.com/biography/
– www.theprojectmanager.com
– www.thereferenceforbusiness.com

45. THANK YOU