The document discusses disability and welfare support in the UK. It defines disability as a physical or mental condition that limits activities. Government organizations provide emotional, financial, employment, education, and social support to disabled people. The UK government also provides welfare benefits for disabled people, families, the unemployed, and others. However, there have been some controversial changes recently to disability benefits and welfare. The document examines the impact of austerity measures, including cuts to benefits, on disabled people and those who rely on foodbanks.

1. E F R

2. E F
E

3. WHAT IS
DISABILITY? A disability is a physical or mental condition which
bounds a person’s mobility , movement , senses and
any other activities, it may also be a long- term
condition which may affect them to carry out their
daily tasks.
 Having to live with a disability may come across very
difficult in society however there are charities and
government organisations which are working hard to
improve access, funding and different resources for
the disabled.
 Support offered:
 Emotional support
 Financial support
 Employment support
 Education support
 Practical and mobility aids
 Social support
Is the term
‘disabled’
morally
acceptable?

4.  In the UK the government provide a great amount of welfare support in order to help
the disabled in terms of their personal and financial problems such as :
 Employment & support allowance
 Disability living allowance
 Attendance allowance
 Income support
Pension credit
Housing benefit etc…
However it is on recent news that their has been
some key changes to the disability welfare support
and benefit changes, such as ;
-Abolition of Severe Disability Premium (SDP- this is
support given to
Reduced disabled child additions
Abolition of the disability element of working tax
credits
Work capability assessments (WCA), in-work
conditionality and sanctions

5.  People with a Disability may feel
they are different from the rest of
society which may cause lack of
confidence in the workforce
There may not always be reasonable
adjustments made according to their
disability e.g. providing reasonable
equipment such as ramps
Many challenges may be set at a
workforce. This may prevent people with
a disability from working as the
challenges may result in less productive
performance than other workers.

6.  Universal benefits system
(2013)
 TurntoUs (2015)- removal of
benefits if a person missed
their appointment
 Lack of functional
prerequisites- emotional
destabilisation
 Newstatesman (2015)- Suicide
of disabled man after benefits
was cut, Michael O’ Sullivan
 Gp stated he was ‘unable’ to
work, three doctors agreed he
suffered from depression
Strengths:
1) Does not entirely scapegoat
those who are disabled.
Criticisms:
1) Misuse of benefits- Cheryl
Prudham and mom of 4
2) Some government support
provided- constant attendance
allowance

7. -Issue lies in those who are disabled
being mistreated in the workplace
*The Birmingham Mail (2015)- Case of
Mr P death*
*Alison and Rosalind (2005)- Three
stand research (mail shot, consultation
exercise and data base research) , Poor
communication
*Paula Clark*- Action Plan
Strengths
1) Silverman (2006)
Weaknesses
1) Paula’s action plan not
suited for everyone
2) Low response rate with
mail shot
3) Representativeness- Fails
to target disabled people in
segregated areas such as,
villages or campuses

8.  Jobseekers allowance (Oct 2015)
 New national wage (April 2016)
 Carers (April 2016)
 Reduction in support (Sept 2016)
 New pension age (2028)
(1) DRILL is the four nation programme which delivers the
worlds first major research led by disabled people
Project one ‘Get yourself achieve’ = Aims to increase the
number of disabled people playing sport and examines ways
of using personal budgets to access spotting opportunities.
Project two ‘I can make it’ = Aims to long the gap in
employment between disabled people and non disabled
projects. This will be done using existing spending by
business and local government to make new jobs.
(2) Project three ‘Leadership academy’ = Aims to
empower capable confident disabled leaders in all
sectors of employment and provide employers with
access to a wider or higher quality talent.
Project four ‘In the making project’ = Aims to involve
disabilities people in developing commercial social and
creative benefits from new digital fabrication technology.
Project five ‘Stop disability hate crime’ = Aims to truly
tackle hate crime. There needs to be an increase in the
number of crimes and incidents that are reported.

9. SOCIALEXCLUSION:
WELFARE

10. SOCIAL EXCLUSION IS A COMPLEX AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL
PROCESS. IT INVOLVES THE LACK OR DENIAL OF RESOURCES,
RIGHTS, GOODS AND SERVICES, AND THE INABILITY TO
PARTICIPATE IN THE NORMAL RELATIONSHIPS AND ACTIVITIES,
AVAILABLE TO THE MAJORITY OF PEOPLE IN A SOCIETY,
WHETHER IN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, CULTURAL OR POLITICAL
AREAS. IT AFFECTS BOTH THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF
INDIVIDUALS AND THE EQUITY AND COHESION OF SOCIETY AS
A WHOLE.
LEVITAS ET AL. (2007)
AN EXAMPLE IS THE EXCLUSION OF SINGLE MOTHERS FROM
THE WELFARE SYSTEM PRIOR TO WELFARE REFORMS OF THE
1900S
A MORE RECENT EXAMPLE
HTTP://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/HOUSING-
NETWORK/2015/NOV/04/HOMELESSNESS-GARY-NEVILLE-RYAN-
GIGGS-HOTEL-SQUATTERS
What is social exclusion?

11. Statistics
■ In 2011: 22.7% of the
UK population were
thought to be at risk of
poverty or social
exclusion (around 14
million people). / This is
lower than the EU
average of 24.1%.
■ the annual review of
homelessness support
showed that 41% of
services in England had
their funding reduced in
2014.
■ June 2014: 33% of the
UK population suffer
from deprivation,
compared to 14% in
1983.

13. Approaches to social
exclusion
■ Blames individuals for lack
of motivation. Believes the
Welfare State are
responsible for creating a
‘dependency culture’.
(Murray, 1984)
■ Failure of the system. Jobs
are not provided and the
capacity or motivation to
find work is lost.
■ Active rejection.
Stereotyping of the
underclass leads to
prejudice. (Bauman, 1998)

14. Social exclusion theory has been subject to
various criticisms such as:
Loss of dimension of class
Assumes the group excluded are homogenous
High focus on poverty and deprivation
Presumption of a static underclass is
misleading (Hills, 2002)
Criticisms of social exclusion

16.  Headlines and tones of articles tend to
be shaming towards those on benefits.
 The intention of articles is to cause
outrage amongst taxpayers – a term
used heavily in reference.
 High emphasis on the amount of children
benefit claimers have and the extent of
their spending – portrayed to be living
out of their means or even over
privileged.
http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv
/tv-news/mum-12-cheryl-
prudham-who-6681287

17. CLASS
 The media tries to portray an ‘underclass’ (Murray, 1984) which may be
to disengage the taxpaying, middle class.
 Minimal coverage of white collar crime which reflects the recording of
such crimes. As Reiman (2001) notes these crimes are under-policed
and under-punished. This is the case despite the fact these crimes take
more away from the economy
 Such coverage on class may have been influential in austerity
measures by government e.g. ‘Bedroom Tax’.

18.  High representation of White British
people on benefits, in the media
 On Channel 5 documentaries, ‘Life on
the dole’ and ‘Benefits Britain’, these
groups often blamed European
migrants for ‘taking our jobs’.
 YET Channel 4’s documentary ‘Benefit
Street’ showed a diverse group of
people claiming benefits, including
Eastern Europeans
 This may be to create a moral panic on
immigration in the UK, in order to
support the demand for social change
in this area.

19.  There tends to be a lot more sensitivity around welfare issues surrounding those with a
disability.
 However, there is still recognition in the media, that the system is exploited
 Only 6% of claimants have a face to face assessment with a medic (The department of
work and pensions, 2013)
 The focus on the eligibility for disability benefits addresses the exploiters as folk devils
(Cohen) while upholding an empathetic tone towards the recent cuts.

20. FAMILIES AND
WELFAREIs enough support provided to families in the UK?

21.  Families or individuals on low income (20.3 million families in the
U.K receive some kind of benefit, that’s 64% of all families).
 For 9.6 million families benefits make up more than half of their
income (30% of all families).
 Single parents (single parents account for 40% of Housing
Benefit claims made by under-25s).
 Pensioners (8.7 million).
 Those who are sick or have a disability.
 Carers.
 Unemployed.
 Migrants.
 Statistics taken from the Department of work and pensions.
Who are the recipients of
welfare?

22.  Most non-EU nationals who are subject to immigration
control cannot access “public funds” like jobseekers’
allowance or tax credits.
 EU citizens with jobs have similar access to the
benefits as UK citizens.
 Asylum seekers can become eligible for welfare
benefits once they are granted refugee status.
 In 2013 various measures were introduced to restrict
welfare access for EEA citizens who are not working.
 EEA jobseekers:
 Cannot claim JSA, child benefit, or child tax credit
within the first three months of arriving.
 Lose eligibility for JSA if they are still looking for work
after three months.
 Cannot claim housing benefit.

23.  Free School Meals (If the family are on benefits such as
universal credits or income support).
 Free medical care (NHS is free to all permanent residents of
the united kingdom).
 Unemployment benefits (JSA, income support)
 Sick Pay
 Maternity Pay
 Disability allowances
 Tax credits (universal credit)
 Housing benefit

24. PUBLIC
SPENDING
 Between 2001/02 and 2011/12, public spending on benefits increased
from £156bn to £210bn.
 The increase in public spending makes it easier for the government to
introduce new policies.
 For example in 2013 a new welfare system was introduced which saw
millions of households across the country affected. Universal credit
replaced benefits such as Income support, jobseeker's allowance,
Housing benefit, Child tax credit and working tax credit

25.  Support benefits for single parents
 Most women do not want to be single parents but may have
left abusive or empty shell marriages and should be supported
by the state
 Reducing benefits- makes children suffer
 Divorce laws enable women to free themselves of patriarchal
control
 Welcome laws on civil partnership and alaws against domestic
violence
 Many social policies are sexist and stereotypical.

26.  New Right policies reinforce traditional family values. Nuclear
family as an ideal family type.
 Theorists are critical of other family types, this is shown in some
of their initiatives:
 1998 changes in taxation prevented cohabiting couples from
benefitting from better tax allowances than married couples.
 New Right takes a negative view on many other social policies; in
particular the welfare benefits which are given to single parent
families.
 The New Right sees the welfare state as overly generous.
 However, some New Right policies were criticised, such as the
introduction of the Child Support Agency in 1993.
 Allan and Crow (2001, cited in Waugh et al. 2008) highlight this
policy’s lack of success

27. What are austerity measures and what do they hope to achieve?
Who does it affect?
How is it linked to welfare?

28.  Austerity measures refer to official actions taken by
the government, during a period of adverse
economic conditions
 These measures include cuts on government
spending to save money and rises in income to gain
money
 The stated aim of austerity was to reduce the deficit
in the UK to give confidence to the markets and
thus deliver growth to the economy
 While austerity measures have had some impact on
reducing the deficit, they have delivered little
growth

29.  Everybody but in different ways
 People claiming benefits are affected by cuts and
changes to entitlement
 People that work are affected by the increase in
taxes and other increases imposed by the
government

31.  The austerity measures are very
closely linked to welfare
 Majority of cuts made by the
government are surrounding benefits
and welfare spends
 These austerity measures have been directly linked to a
rise in homelessness and a rise in the use of food banks

33. Provides emergency food, help and support in the UK to thousands of people in crisis. Launched
in 2004 and the trust is now a fast-growing foodbank network.
Statistics for adults and child who had received emergency food as a result of being in crisis.
 From the 1st April 2012 – 31st March 2013, 364,992 people
 220,103 adults
 126,889 children
 1st April 2013 – 31st March 2014, 913,138 people
 582,933 adults
 330,205 children
 1st April 2014 – 31st March 2015, 1,084,604 people
 687,607 were adults
 396,997 were children
(The Trusell Trust, 2015)
In 2009, there were 41,000 people that were given three days food with only 56 food banks
acknowledges at the time. Today there are over 445 food banks distributing emergency food to
almost 1.1 million people.

34. Drumchapel foodbank -
Glasgow
Out of 350 people
28% said they have mental
health
21% long term ill health
14% physical impairment
3% learning disability
4000 disabled people were hit
with benefit changes leaving
12% of those individuals to rely
on food banks to feed
themselves and their families.
(BBC News, 2015)

35. 29.58% of primary referral causes to Trussell Trust foodbanks were due to
Benefit delays.
 Other issues related to the use of foodbanks are
 22.36% - Low income
 13.83% - Benefit changes
 7.17% - Debt
 4.57% - Homeless
 4.39 - Unemployed
 1.49% - Domestic violence
 1.08% - Delayed wage
(The Trusell Trust,
2015)

36. Figure 1. Number of people accessing Wandsworth foodbank by ethnicity

38.  Started in 1930
 Was federal but is now state run.

39.  Basic health care
 food stamps
 child care assistance
 Unemployment
 cash aid
 housing assistance.

40.  13.4% without healthcare for the whole year.
 53% employment based insurance.
 9.8% Under 19 years old in poverty uninsured.
 7.0% under 19 years old not in poverty uninsured.
 9.8% of non-Hispanic Whites were uninsured.
 15.9% Blacks were uninsured

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