The Communist Manifesto outlines the history of class struggle and the emergence of the modern bourgeoisie and proletariat. It describes how the bourgeoisie established a society based on naked self-interest and cash payments, replacing feudal and religious ties. The proletariat has emerged as the modern working class who must sell their labor to live, exposed to the vicissitudes of the market. As machinery and division of labor advance, work loses meaning and wages decrease, while the burden of toil increases. The bourgeoisie is unfit to rule, as it cannot assure the proletariat's existence. The essential conditions of capitalism are wage labor and the accumulation of capital, which will ultimately lead to its downfall and victory
Presidential Papers Confidential To Be ShreddedChuck Thompson
We recently got our hands on Presidential papers that were set to be shredded but somehow escaped the shredder. We are calling this the spoof scandal. You won't believe what these papers contain.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Greece proletarians free yourselves from the syriza government of collaborati...humbertogomezsequeira
This is a critique of the Syriza Government in Greece, its program of collaboration with the bourgeoisie, and the defeat of the proletariat under its leadership and the anti-revolutionary ideas of Social Democracy and Stalinism.
Beginnings of the Cold War from the end of World War II to the end of the Korean War. Had to chop this up some due to size restrictions.
Also note that there's no real text on the slides. Pay attention to the speaker's notes for info.
Presidential Papers Confidential To Be ShreddedChuck Thompson
We recently got our hands on Presidential papers that were set to be shredded but somehow escaped the shredder. We are calling this the spoof scandal. You won't believe what these papers contain.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Greece proletarians free yourselves from the syriza government of collaborati...humbertogomezsequeira
This is a critique of the Syriza Government in Greece, its program of collaboration with the bourgeoisie, and the defeat of the proletariat under its leadership and the anti-revolutionary ideas of Social Democracy and Stalinism.
Beginnings of the Cold War from the end of World War II to the end of the Korean War. Had to chop this up some due to size restrictions.
Also note that there's no real text on the slides. Pay attention to the speaker's notes for info.
SECOND QUIZMANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTYSelect ONE of th.docxbagotjesusa
SECOND QUIZ:
MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY
Select ONE of the below for your quiz:
1. How has capitalism and the capitalist class changed society in ways that set the stage for the next (non-capitalist, or communist) society?
OR:
2. The Manifesto argues that the “bourgeoisie creates its own grave diggers.” This question concerns the grave diggers:
Who are they?
What are they to bury?
Why do Marx and Engels believe the grave diggers will carry out this action?
BUSI 650
Integrative Learning Project – Organizational Setting Grading Rubric
Criteria
Points Possible
Points
Earned
Mission
0 to 20 points
· The mission of the organization is clearly stated.
· The product/service provided, the intended market, and the product distinction is included.
Customers
0 to 20 points
· A description of the customers is included.
· Specification of internal and external customers is included.
Value
0 to 20 points
· A description of the value you add to the organization is included.
· A clear statement of how you help the organization achieve its mission is included.
Biblical Integration
0 to 10 points
The role that Christianity has in the organization is clearly stated.
Format/
Mechanics
0 to 5 points
Proper spelling, grammar, punctuation, and current APA format are used.
Total
/75
Instructor’s Comments:
1
Manifesto of the Communist Party
Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels, 1848
Chapter I. Bourgeois and Proletarians(1)
The history of all hitherto existing society(2) is the history of class
struggles.
Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-
master(3) and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed,
stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an
uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time
ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or
in the common ruin of the contending classes.
In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a
complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold
gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians,
knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals,
guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these
classes, again, subordinate gradations.
The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins
of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has
but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new
forms of struggle in place of the old ones.
Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this
distinct feature: it has simplified class antagonisms. Society as a
whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps,
into two great classes directly facing each other — Bourgeoisie and
Proletariat.
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01.htm#a1
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/.
Phone Conversation with Bradley StonefieldTraci Hi, this is T.docxrandymartin91030
Phone Conversation with Bradley Stonefield
Traci: Hi, this is Traci.
Bradley: Hey, Traci, this is Bradley Stonefield returning your call.
Traci: Hey, Bradley, did you get the recommendations for the pay and benefits strategies I sent over?
Bradley: Yes, I got them and I’m still looking them over, but they look really good so far.
Traci: Great! While you review those, I’d like to have my employees start working on some recommendations for a performance management plan for you. Is that all right?
Bradley: That would be great. What information do you need from me?
Traci: I think I have everything I need, but let me just run through it with you to make sure our information is current. Let me pull up my list. OK…type of business?
Bradley: Limousine service.
Traci: New location?
Bradley: Austin, Texas.
Traci: Current location?
Bradley: Same place.
Traci: Number of employees?
Bradley: Plan for 25.
Traci: Annual Net Revenue?
Bradley: I expect -$50,000 annual net revenue this year.
Traci: Revenue growth?
Bradley: 5%, for a couple of years.
Traci: OK, that’s the information I have on file, so we’re good to go there. We’ll also need to know your turnover rate.
Bradley: Sure. I’m going to predict an annual employee turnover rate of 10%.
Traci: All right. That should be all the information we need right now to come up with some recommendations for you. We’ll get them over to you within the next week or two.
Bradley: That sounds great!
Traci: OK, have a great week.
Bradley: You too.
DOCUMENT 23-2 I
KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS
From The Communist Manifesto
1848
Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) are credited asthe founders of communism. In formulating their theories, Marx and Engels.drew on the work of earlier economists, particularly Adam Smith and DavidRicardo, and on Thomas Malthus's demographic theories, as well as theirfamiliarity with living and working conditions in England's industrial cen-ters. Their Communist Manifesto, first published in London as a pamphlet(written in German), opens with the proclamation that "the history of allhitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." The authors predictthe eventual triumph of the working class (proletariat) over the middle class(bourgeoisie) and the establishment of a classless society in which wealth isequally distributed.
A specter is haunting Europe — the specter of communism. All the powersof old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this specter:
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, in Arthur P? Mendel,The Essential Works of Marxism (New York: Bantam, 1961), 13-17, 19, 23, 40-44.
Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot,4 French Radicals and Lerman
police-spies... .
Communism is already acknowledged by all European powers to be
itself a power.
It is high time that Communists should openly, in the face of the whole
world, publish their views, their aims, their tendencies, and meet this .
1 he bourgeoisie has subjected the country to the rule of the .docxmercysuttle
1 he bourgeoisie has subjected the country to the rule of the towns. It
has created enormous cities, greatly increased the urban population as
compared with the rural, and thus rescued a considerable part of the pop-
tilation from the idiocy of rural life... .
The bourgeoisie, during its rule of scarcely one hundred years, has
created more massive and more colossal productive forces than have X11
preceding generations together... .
Brit not only has the bourgeoisie forged the weapons that bring death
to itself; it 1-ias also called into existence the mein who are to wield those
weapons —the modern working class. —the proletariat.
In proportion as the bourgeoisie, i.e., capital, develops, in the same
proportion the proletariat, the modern vc%orking class, develops — a class of
laborers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only
so long as their labor increases capital. These laborers, who must sell
themselves piecemeal, are a commodity, like every other article of com-
merce, and are consequently exposed to all the vicissitudes ofcomPetition,
to all the fluctuations of the market... .
Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie today, the
proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class. The other classes decay
and finally disappear in the face of modern industry; the proletariat is its
special and essential product... .
The socialist and communist systems I~roperly so called,. those of
Saint Simon, Fourier, Ou~en;5 and others, spring into existence in the early
undeveloped Period, described above, of the struggle between proletariat
and bourgeoisie....
Such fantastic pictures of future society, painted at a rime when the .
proletariat is still in a very undeveloped state and has but a fantastic con-
ception of its own position, correspond with the first instinctive yearnings
of that class for a general reconstruction of society.
But these socialist and communist publications contain also a critical
element. They attack every principle of existing society... .
5Saint-Simon, I'ourier, Owen: Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Splint-Simon
(1760-1825), «gas an early advocate of socialism, as w1s Charles Fourier (1772-1837).
Robert Owen (1771-1858) was an industrialist, utopian socialist, and trade union
advocate. These socialist predecessors believed that capitalists and workers could
overcome their antagonism and work cooperatively for the common good. As Nlarx
and Engels believed "class struggle" to be the engine that drove history, they imply
that these other soci~llists were naive to the point of delusiorlary, hence the "fant~lstic
pictures" jibe that follows.
The Communists fight for the attainment of the
immediate aims, for
the enforcement of the momentary [i.e., current]
interests of the working
class; but in the movement of the Present, they also
represent and take care
of the future of that movement... .
The Communists turn their attention chiefly to
Germany, because
that countr ...
larl Marx selected writings Edi ted by David Mclell.docxDIPESH30
l<arl Marx
selected writings
Edi ted by
David Mclellan
OXFORD
UN I VERSITY PRESS
18
The Communist Manifesto
The Communist League, li nk ing t he ma in centres of communist activities in Paris, London,
Brusse ls, and Cologne, was form ed out of the League of the Just in June 1847, largely at the
instigation of Marx and Engel s. At a Congress in London in November 1847, the need was
expressed for a clear formulation of the League's principles, and Marx and Engels were
asked to draw up a statement. Engels had al ready co mposed a draft after the June Congress,
and Marx incorporated some of this material when he wrote the Manifesto in Brussels
in December and January. By t he t ime it was published in February 1848, the series of
revolut ions that mar ked t hat year had al ready broken out.
The Communist Manifesto has four sections. The first gives a history of society as class
society since t he Middle Ages and ends with a prophecy of t he victory of the proletariat over
the present ru li ng class, the bourgeoisie. The second section descri bes the position of com-
munists within the proletar ian class, rejects bourgeois objections to communism, and then
characterizes t he communist revolution, t he measures to be taken by the victorious prole-
tariat, and ~he nature of the fu ture communist society. The thi rd section contains an
extended cri t icism of other types of socialism-react ionary, bourgeois, and utopian. The
fi nal section provides a short description of commun ist tactics towards other opposition
parties and fi nishes with an appeal for proletarian unity.
None of the ideas in the· Communist Manifesto were new, and its ideas on revolution and
history were obviously influenced by French social ists such as Babeuf, Sa int-Simon, and
Considerant; and the concept of class, with which t he Manifesto begins, was first used by
French bourgeois historians. What is new is t he force of expression and the powerfu l syn-
thesis afforded by the materialist concept ion of history. For many parts of the Manifesto are
simply brill iant summari es of views put forward in The German Ideology. Marx and Engels
cont inued to recognize this pamphlet as a classic expression of the ir views, though they
wou ld subsequently have wished to mod if y some of its ideas- particu lar ly (in the light of the
Paris Commune l those relati ng to the pro letariat's appropriation of the state apparatus and
the rat her simp li stic statements on immiserization and class polarization.
A spectre is haunting Europe-the sp ectre of Comm unism. All the Powers of
o ld Euro p e have entered into a ho ly a lli a nce to exorcise this spectre: Pope and
Tsa r, Metternich a nd Guizot, Frenc h Radicals a nd German police-spies.
W here is the p a rty in opposit io n that has not been decried as Communistic
by its op po nents in power ? W he re the Oppositio n that has no t hurled back the
246 I KA RL MARX: ...
First half of a slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on Marxism for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
SECOND QUIZMANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTYSelect ONE of th.docxbagotjesusa
SECOND QUIZ:
MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY
Select ONE of the below for your quiz:
1. How has capitalism and the capitalist class changed society in ways that set the stage for the next (non-capitalist, or communist) society?
OR:
2. The Manifesto argues that the “bourgeoisie creates its own grave diggers.” This question concerns the grave diggers:
Who are they?
What are they to bury?
Why do Marx and Engels believe the grave diggers will carry out this action?
BUSI 650
Integrative Learning Project – Organizational Setting Grading Rubric
Criteria
Points Possible
Points
Earned
Mission
0 to 20 points
· The mission of the organization is clearly stated.
· The product/service provided, the intended market, and the product distinction is included.
Customers
0 to 20 points
· A description of the customers is included.
· Specification of internal and external customers is included.
Value
0 to 20 points
· A description of the value you add to the organization is included.
· A clear statement of how you help the organization achieve its mission is included.
Biblical Integration
0 to 10 points
The role that Christianity has in the organization is clearly stated.
Format/
Mechanics
0 to 5 points
Proper spelling, grammar, punctuation, and current APA format are used.
Total
/75
Instructor’s Comments:
1
Manifesto of the Communist Party
Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels, 1848
Chapter I. Bourgeois and Proletarians(1)
The history of all hitherto existing society(2) is the history of class
struggles.
Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-
master(3) and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed,
stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an
uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time
ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or
in the common ruin of the contending classes.
In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a
complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold
gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians,
knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals,
guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these
classes, again, subordinate gradations.
The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins
of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has
but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new
forms of struggle in place of the old ones.
Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this
distinct feature: it has simplified class antagonisms. Society as a
whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps,
into two great classes directly facing each other — Bourgeoisie and
Proletariat.
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01.htm#a1
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/.
Phone Conversation with Bradley StonefieldTraci Hi, this is T.docxrandymartin91030
Phone Conversation with Bradley Stonefield
Traci: Hi, this is Traci.
Bradley: Hey, Traci, this is Bradley Stonefield returning your call.
Traci: Hey, Bradley, did you get the recommendations for the pay and benefits strategies I sent over?
Bradley: Yes, I got them and I’m still looking them over, but they look really good so far.
Traci: Great! While you review those, I’d like to have my employees start working on some recommendations for a performance management plan for you. Is that all right?
Bradley: That would be great. What information do you need from me?
Traci: I think I have everything I need, but let me just run through it with you to make sure our information is current. Let me pull up my list. OK…type of business?
Bradley: Limousine service.
Traci: New location?
Bradley: Austin, Texas.
Traci: Current location?
Bradley: Same place.
Traci: Number of employees?
Bradley: Plan for 25.
Traci: Annual Net Revenue?
Bradley: I expect -$50,000 annual net revenue this year.
Traci: Revenue growth?
Bradley: 5%, for a couple of years.
Traci: OK, that’s the information I have on file, so we’re good to go there. We’ll also need to know your turnover rate.
Bradley: Sure. I’m going to predict an annual employee turnover rate of 10%.
Traci: All right. That should be all the information we need right now to come up with some recommendations for you. We’ll get them over to you within the next week or two.
Bradley: That sounds great!
Traci: OK, have a great week.
Bradley: You too.
DOCUMENT 23-2 I
KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS
From The Communist Manifesto
1848
Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) are credited asthe founders of communism. In formulating their theories, Marx and Engels.drew on the work of earlier economists, particularly Adam Smith and DavidRicardo, and on Thomas Malthus's demographic theories, as well as theirfamiliarity with living and working conditions in England's industrial cen-ters. Their Communist Manifesto, first published in London as a pamphlet(written in German), opens with the proclamation that "the history of allhitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." The authors predictthe eventual triumph of the working class (proletariat) over the middle class(bourgeoisie) and the establishment of a classless society in which wealth isequally distributed.
A specter is haunting Europe — the specter of communism. All the powersof old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this specter:
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, in Arthur P? Mendel,The Essential Works of Marxism (New York: Bantam, 1961), 13-17, 19, 23, 40-44.
Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot,4 French Radicals and Lerman
police-spies... .
Communism is already acknowledged by all European powers to be
itself a power.
It is high time that Communists should openly, in the face of the whole
world, publish their views, their aims, their tendencies, and meet this .
1 he bourgeoisie has subjected the country to the rule of the .docxmercysuttle
1 he bourgeoisie has subjected the country to the rule of the towns. It
has created enormous cities, greatly increased the urban population as
compared with the rural, and thus rescued a considerable part of the pop-
tilation from the idiocy of rural life... .
The bourgeoisie, during its rule of scarcely one hundred years, has
created more massive and more colossal productive forces than have X11
preceding generations together... .
Brit not only has the bourgeoisie forged the weapons that bring death
to itself; it 1-ias also called into existence the mein who are to wield those
weapons —the modern working class. —the proletariat.
In proportion as the bourgeoisie, i.e., capital, develops, in the same
proportion the proletariat, the modern vc%orking class, develops — a class of
laborers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only
so long as their labor increases capital. These laborers, who must sell
themselves piecemeal, are a commodity, like every other article of com-
merce, and are consequently exposed to all the vicissitudes ofcomPetition,
to all the fluctuations of the market... .
Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie today, the
proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class. The other classes decay
and finally disappear in the face of modern industry; the proletariat is its
special and essential product... .
The socialist and communist systems I~roperly so called,. those of
Saint Simon, Fourier, Ou~en;5 and others, spring into existence in the early
undeveloped Period, described above, of the struggle between proletariat
and bourgeoisie....
Such fantastic pictures of future society, painted at a rime when the .
proletariat is still in a very undeveloped state and has but a fantastic con-
ception of its own position, correspond with the first instinctive yearnings
of that class for a general reconstruction of society.
But these socialist and communist publications contain also a critical
element. They attack every principle of existing society... .
5Saint-Simon, I'ourier, Owen: Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Splint-Simon
(1760-1825), «gas an early advocate of socialism, as w1s Charles Fourier (1772-1837).
Robert Owen (1771-1858) was an industrialist, utopian socialist, and trade union
advocate. These socialist predecessors believed that capitalists and workers could
overcome their antagonism and work cooperatively for the common good. As Nlarx
and Engels believed "class struggle" to be the engine that drove history, they imply
that these other soci~llists were naive to the point of delusiorlary, hence the "fant~lstic
pictures" jibe that follows.
The Communists fight for the attainment of the
immediate aims, for
the enforcement of the momentary [i.e., current]
interests of the working
class; but in the movement of the Present, they also
represent and take care
of the future of that movement... .
The Communists turn their attention chiefly to
Germany, because
that countr ...
larl Marx selected writings Edi ted by David Mclell.docxDIPESH30
l<arl Marx
selected writings
Edi ted by
David Mclellan
OXFORD
UN I VERSITY PRESS
18
The Communist Manifesto
The Communist League, li nk ing t he ma in centres of communist activities in Paris, London,
Brusse ls, and Cologne, was form ed out of the League of the Just in June 1847, largely at the
instigation of Marx and Engel s. At a Congress in London in November 1847, the need was
expressed for a clear formulation of the League's principles, and Marx and Engels were
asked to draw up a statement. Engels had al ready co mposed a draft after the June Congress,
and Marx incorporated some of this material when he wrote the Manifesto in Brussels
in December and January. By t he t ime it was published in February 1848, the series of
revolut ions that mar ked t hat year had al ready broken out.
The Communist Manifesto has four sections. The first gives a history of society as class
society since t he Middle Ages and ends with a prophecy of t he victory of the proletariat over
the present ru li ng class, the bourgeoisie. The second section descri bes the position of com-
munists within the proletar ian class, rejects bourgeois objections to communism, and then
characterizes t he communist revolution, t he measures to be taken by the victorious prole-
tariat, and ~he nature of the fu ture communist society. The thi rd section contains an
extended cri t icism of other types of socialism-react ionary, bourgeois, and utopian. The
fi nal section provides a short description of commun ist tactics towards other opposition
parties and fi nishes with an appeal for proletarian unity.
None of the ideas in the· Communist Manifesto were new, and its ideas on revolution and
history were obviously influenced by French social ists such as Babeuf, Sa int-Simon, and
Considerant; and the concept of class, with which t he Manifesto begins, was first used by
French bourgeois historians. What is new is t he force of expression and the powerfu l syn-
thesis afforded by the materialist concept ion of history. For many parts of the Manifesto are
simply brill iant summari es of views put forward in The German Ideology. Marx and Engels
cont inued to recognize this pamphlet as a classic expression of the ir views, though they
wou ld subsequently have wished to mod if y some of its ideas- particu lar ly (in the light of the
Paris Commune l those relati ng to the pro letariat's appropriation of the state apparatus and
the rat her simp li stic statements on immiserization and class polarization.
A spectre is haunting Europe-the sp ectre of Comm unism. All the Powers of
o ld Euro p e have entered into a ho ly a lli a nce to exorcise this spectre: Pope and
Tsa r, Metternich a nd Guizot, Frenc h Radicals a nd German police-spies.
W here is the p a rty in opposit io n that has not been decried as Communistic
by its op po nents in power ? W he re the Oppositio n that has no t hurled back the
246 I KA RL MARX: ...
First half of a slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on Marxism for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
The U.S. experience in settling the West. Covers Indian wars, rail roads and up to election of 1896. My thanks to Gennie Holcomb for providing framework material for the presentation.
Government Spending and Revenue, 1792-2009Dan Ewert
NOTE: This spreadsheet isn't very good looking at through Slideshare, but you'll find the data and the graphs great when you download it. So download it.
A spreadsheet with figures entered for various aspects of government spending and revenue for the years 1792 to 2009. Subsequent tabs adjust for inflation and categorize different aspects for good comparisons. The last tab has all the graphs for each tab for the entire 217 years and also from 1900 to 2009.
Two different articles about the Iceman published about 15 years apart. The interpretations and theories surrounding him and his death changed drastically in that time. It's a nice illustration for how historical interpretations are not written in stone, but change depending on new evidence.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Smith And Marx Reading
1. Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations
It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their
regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to
them of our own necessities but of their advantages.
As every individual, therefore, endeavours as much as he can both to employ his capital in the support of
domestic industry, and so to direct that industry that its produce may be of the greatest value; every individual
necessarily labours to render the annual value of society as great as he can. He generally, indeed, neither intends
to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. By preferring the support of domestic to
that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its
produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led
by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for the
society that it was no part of it. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of society more
effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who
affected to trade for the public good. It is an affectation, indeed, not very common among merchants, and very
few words need be employed in dissuading them from it.
Karl Marx: Communist Manifesto
Bourgeois and Proletarians
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.
Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and
journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one
another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, that each time
ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common
ruin of the contending classes.
In the earlier epochs of history we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement
of society into various orders, a manifold1 gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we
have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the middle ages,
feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of
these classes, again, subordinate gradations.
The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society, has
not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new
conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. Our epoch,
the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature; it has
simplified the class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into
two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other:
Bourgeoisie2 and Proletariat.3 . . .
The bourgeoisie, historically, has played a most revolutionary part.
The bourgeoisie, wherever it has got the upper hand, has put an end to all feudal,
patriarchal, idyllic relations. It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that
bound man to his “natural superiors,” and has left remaining no other
nexus4 between man and man than naked self-interest, than callous “cash payment.”
It has drowned the most heavenly ecstasies of religious fervor, of chivalrous
enthusiasm, of Philistine sentimentalism, in the icy water of egotistical calculation.
2. It has resolved personal worth into exchange value, and in place of the numberless
indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single, unconscionable freedom—
Free Trade. In one word, for exploitation, veiled by religious and political
illusions, it has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation.
The bourgeoisie has stripped of its halo every occupation hitherto honored and looked
up to with reverent awe. It has converted the physician, the lawyer, the priest, the
poet, the man of science, into its paid wage-laborers.
The bourgeoisie has torn away from the family its sentimental veil, and has reduced
the family relation to a mere money relation. . . .
In proportion as the bourgeoisie, i.e., capital, is developed, in the same proportion is
the proletariat, the modern working class, developed; a class of laborers, who live
only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their
labor increases capital. These laborers, who must sell themselves piecemeal, are a
commodity, like every other article of commerce, and are consequently exposed to all
the vicissitudes5 of competition, to all the fluctuations of the market.
Owing to the extensive use of machinery and to division of labor, the work of the
proletarians has lost all individual character, and, consequently, all charm for the
workman. He becomes an appendage of the machine, and it is only the most simple,
most monotonous, and most easily acquired knack, that is required of him. Hence, the
cost of production of a workman is restricted almost entirely to the means of
subsistence that he requires for his maintenance, and for the propagation of his race.
But the price of a commodity, and therefore also of labor, is equal to its cost of
production. In proportion, therefore, as the repulsiveness of the work increases, the
wage decreases. Nay, more, in proportion as the use of machinery and division of
labor increases, in the same proportion the burden of toil also increases, whether by
prolongation of the working hours, by increase of the work enacted in a given time, or
by increased speed of the machinery, etc.
Modern industry has converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the
great factory of the industrial capitalist. Masses of laborers, crowded into factories,
are organized like soldiers. As privates of the industrial army they are placed under
the command of a perfect hierarchy of officers and sergeants. Not only are they the
slaves of the bourgeois class, and of the bourgeois State, they are daily and hourly
enslaved by the machine . . . and, above all, by the individual bourgeois manufacturer
himself. The more openly this despotism proclaims gain to be its end and aim, the
more petty, the more hateful and the more embittering it is. . . .
Hitherto every form of society has been based, as we have already seen, on the
antagonism of oppressing and oppressed classes. But in order to oppress a class
certain conditions must be assured to it under which it can, at least, continue its
slavish existence. The serf, in the period of serfdom, raised himself to membership in
the commune, just as the petty bourgeois, under the yoke of feudal absolutism,
managed to develop into a bourgeois. The modern laborer, on the contrary, instead of
rising with the progress of industry, sinks deeper and deeper below the conditions of
existence of his own class. He becomes a pauper, and pauperism develops more
rapidly than population and wealth. And here it becomes evident that the bourgeoisie
is unfit any longer to be the ruling class in society and to impose its conditions of
existence upon society as an over-riding law. It is unfit to rule because it is
incompetent to assure an existence to its slave within his slavery, because it cannot
3. help letting him sink into such a state that it has to feed him instead of being fed by
him. Society can no longer live under this bourgeoisie, in other words its existence is
no longer compatible with society.
The essential condition for the existence, and for the sway of the bourgeois class, is
the formation and augmentation of capital; the condition for capital is wage-labor.
Wage-labor rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. The
advance of industry, whose involuntary promoter is the bourgeoisie, replaces the
isolation of the laborers, due to competition, by their revolutionary combination, due to
association. The development of modern industry, therefore, cuts from under its feet
the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie produces and appropriates products.
What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers. Its fall
and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable. . . .
The Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that
their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social
conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The
proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win.
Working men of all countries, unite!