The FBI–Apple encryption dispute concerns whether and to what extent courts in the United States can compel manufacturers to assist in unlocking cell phones whose data are cryptographically protected.There is much debate over public access to strong encryption.
Presentation by Rajan Raj Pant, Controller, Office of Controller of Certification, at "Braindigit 9th National ICT Conference 2013" organized by Information Technology Society, Nepal at Alpha House, Kathmandu, Nepal on 26th January, 2013
The FBI–Apple encryption dispute concerns whether and to what extent courts in the United States can compel manufacturers to assist in unlocking cell phones whose data are cryptographically protected.There is much debate over public access to strong encryption.
Presentation by Rajan Raj Pant, Controller, Office of Controller of Certification, at "Braindigit 9th National ICT Conference 2013" organized by Information Technology Society, Nepal at Alpha House, Kathmandu, Nepal on 26th January, 2013
Why our privacy is important for us and how our privacy has been compromised. Read privacy policy and terms and condition properly before using any services. ways of secure communication
A View from the Hill: Defending Vulnerable Populations in the Digital WorldCloudera, Inc.
Data has come to the forefront in the fight to protect the nation’s most vulnerable citizens. Through measured data management and advanced analytics, the dialogue and social interactions of those most at risk—from the elderly, to returning service men and women, to children—can inform and drive powerful capabilities to protect them. Data analytics can be applied not only to identify harmful behavior, but more importantly, to stop those intent on committing crimes against vulnerable users in the increasingly digital world. Hear how many are focused—from the Congress to the non-profit sector—on enabling data-driven government decision-making to deter predatory behavior, disrupt platforms that enable abuse, and accelerate victim intervention and support.
Introduction to Cyber Wrongs, Conventional Crimes and Torts Through Computers,
Crimes and Torts Committed on a Computer Network and Relating to Electronic
Mail, Crimes Relating to Data Alteration/Destruction, Issues of Jurisdiction and
Applicable Law in Cyberspace, Enforcement Issues in Cyberspace, Online Dispute
Resolution, cyber stalking; cyber pornography; forgery and fraud; crime related to
IPRs; Cyber terrorism; computer vandalism
Individual privacy vs. law enforcement. Every law enforcement of.docxannettsparrow
Individual privacy vs. law enforcement.
Every law enforcement officer including AG Barr, James Clapper, former DNI, and other law enforcement and intelligence service leaders have decried the ability of citizens to encrypt their data in a manner that prevents law enforcement from reading their emails or cracking the password.
The current standard in encryption is PKI. With PKI it is impossible to crack the password and decrypt a message even though the code that encrypts the message is open source and publicly available. Having the source code of the PKI algorithm does not help in cracking and decrypting the message. The only option for law enforcement when they have a phone such as the iPhone from the San Bernardino terrorist is to try to guess the password. However, Apple and Android have both made it impossible to guess a password enough times to open the phone. iPhone and Android phones both have a feature that will “brick” the phone after a certain number of unsuccessful guesses at the password. When trying to crack the password for the phone acquired from the San Bernardino terrorist, the FBI realized they couldn’t do it and tried to use the court system to force Apple to install a back door into their phones and provide a master key to the FBI. This effort failed.
Congress has tried many times over the years to assist law enforcement by passing a law that would require all companies building communications hardware, developing communications apps or encryption software to include a backdoor in their systems. Privacy advocates, usually composed of private citizens, have managed to defeat such legislation thus far. Privacy advocates have managed to make legislators understand that providing a master key to law enforcement guarantees that hackers will discover the backdoors and either steal the master key or develop their own.
Develop a hypothesis as to whether it would be better to have a back door into every system with a master key held by law enforcement or is it better to enable private citizens to keep their communications private.
.
2014’s biggest winners and losers in privacy and securityGolden Locksmith
A security survey conducted by wired.com is put together by golden-locksmith-tx.com to display the 2014' biggest winners and losers in privacy and security.
Why our privacy is important for us and how our privacy has been compromised. Read privacy policy and terms and condition properly before using any services. ways of secure communication
A View from the Hill: Defending Vulnerable Populations in the Digital WorldCloudera, Inc.
Data has come to the forefront in the fight to protect the nation’s most vulnerable citizens. Through measured data management and advanced analytics, the dialogue and social interactions of those most at risk—from the elderly, to returning service men and women, to children—can inform and drive powerful capabilities to protect them. Data analytics can be applied not only to identify harmful behavior, but more importantly, to stop those intent on committing crimes against vulnerable users in the increasingly digital world. Hear how many are focused—from the Congress to the non-profit sector—on enabling data-driven government decision-making to deter predatory behavior, disrupt platforms that enable abuse, and accelerate victim intervention and support.
Introduction to Cyber Wrongs, Conventional Crimes and Torts Through Computers,
Crimes and Torts Committed on a Computer Network and Relating to Electronic
Mail, Crimes Relating to Data Alteration/Destruction, Issues of Jurisdiction and
Applicable Law in Cyberspace, Enforcement Issues in Cyberspace, Online Dispute
Resolution, cyber stalking; cyber pornography; forgery and fraud; crime related to
IPRs; Cyber terrorism; computer vandalism
Individual privacy vs. law enforcement. Every law enforcement of.docxannettsparrow
Individual privacy vs. law enforcement.
Every law enforcement officer including AG Barr, James Clapper, former DNI, and other law enforcement and intelligence service leaders have decried the ability of citizens to encrypt their data in a manner that prevents law enforcement from reading their emails or cracking the password.
The current standard in encryption is PKI. With PKI it is impossible to crack the password and decrypt a message even though the code that encrypts the message is open source and publicly available. Having the source code of the PKI algorithm does not help in cracking and decrypting the message. The only option for law enforcement when they have a phone such as the iPhone from the San Bernardino terrorist is to try to guess the password. However, Apple and Android have both made it impossible to guess a password enough times to open the phone. iPhone and Android phones both have a feature that will “brick” the phone after a certain number of unsuccessful guesses at the password. When trying to crack the password for the phone acquired from the San Bernardino terrorist, the FBI realized they couldn’t do it and tried to use the court system to force Apple to install a back door into their phones and provide a master key to the FBI. This effort failed.
Congress has tried many times over the years to assist law enforcement by passing a law that would require all companies building communications hardware, developing communications apps or encryption software to include a backdoor in their systems. Privacy advocates, usually composed of private citizens, have managed to defeat such legislation thus far. Privacy advocates have managed to make legislators understand that providing a master key to law enforcement guarantees that hackers will discover the backdoors and either steal the master key or develop their own.
Develop a hypothesis as to whether it would be better to have a back door into every system with a master key held by law enforcement or is it better to enable private citizens to keep their communications private.
.
2014’s biggest winners and losers in privacy and securityGolden Locksmith
A security survey conducted by wired.com is put together by golden-locksmith-tx.com to display the 2014' biggest winners and losers in privacy and security.
Accessing Password Protected andor Encrypted Mobile DataAbstrac.docxnettletondevon
Accessing Password Protected and/or Encrypted Mobile Data
Abstract- This research paper examines the potential solution to a problem faced by law enforcement; wherein the inability to decrypt a number of encrypted communications that they have been given appropriate legal permission to intercept or examine, loom large. This research paper utilizes a theoretical approach to explore the ‘going dark’ concern. This paper will also provide an overview of an encryption workaround, which will address the widely used “Signal Messaging Protocol” which is used to encrypt messages transmitted via applications such as Whatsapp, Telegram, Facebook, among others.
Keywords—Signal Messaging Protocol, Encrypted Messaging, Privacy, Law Enforcement, Mobile Phones, WhatsAppI. Introduction
As the use of digital mobile devices continues to become more ubiquitous, so too does the use of strong encryption protocols, which are being made available to users by communication application providers. In an effort to provide even more security to users, those same application providers are developing the encryption protocols in such a way that the providers themselves are not even able to decrypt the private messages. These trends are posing an ever-increasing challenge to law enforcement agencies who are often able to obtain the legal authority necessary to intercept or retrieve certain communication dataonly to find that they are unable to decrypt and view that same data. The FBI has labeled this issue as the “Going Dark” problem.
The “Going Dark” problem often has adverse effects on law enforcement’s ability to investigate all kinds of crimes; such as kidnappings, child pornography, violent gang activity, etc. However, the gravest consequential examples of this problem have arisen through terrorist investigations, wherein the stakes are extremely high.
Agencies charged with combating terrorism, such as the FBI, quietly face this obstacle every day. In December 2015, the public was given an inside view of this dilemma, during the aftermath of the San Bernardino, California, terrorist attack. Following the attack, the FBI recovered a passcode locked iPhone 5, which had belonged to one of the shooters. The passcode function keeps the encased data encrypted until the correct passcode is entered. If the wrong passcode is entered more than ten times, the data is automatically permanently wiped from the device. In response, the FBI obtained a court order directing Apple to assist them in developing software to unlock the phone. Apple refused, which set off a fierce public outcry, and a subsequent legal battle. The standoff was ultimately diffused when the FBI was able to find a third party to crack the four-digit passcode.
As a result of that legal dispute between the Department of Justice and Apple not having being resolved in court, the debate continued over the question: should the government be able to legally force private vendors to create decryption keys for law .
Internet of Things in Reach Companies Rush Into Devices Li.docxmariuse18nolet
'Internet of Things' in Reach
Companies Rush Into Devices Like Smart Door Locks, Appliances,
but Limitations Exist
Wall Street Journal, January 5, 2014
By Don Clark
Workers prepare to hang the LG Electronics logo in preparation for the 2014 Consumer
Electronics Show at the Las Vegas Convention Center. Reuters
From meat thermometers monitored with a smartphone to Wi-Fi-equipped dog collars, devices and
services in homes and businesses are increasingly being connected to the Internet, a long-awaited
trend that is causing a surge of optimism in the tech sector.
Large and small companies are churning out a number of Internet-connected gadgets, a central theme
as the Consumer Electronics Show opens this week in Las Vegas.
Devices on the market or the drawing board include smart door locks, toothbrushes, wristwatches,
fitness trackers, smoke detectors, surveillance cameras, ovens, toys and robots.
But the much-ballyhooed Internet of Things still is largely a collection of possibilities. Sales of the
new-wave products are threatened by a number of stumbling blocks that could slow investment—
from conflicting wireless-communications standards to debates about how much processing power
should be built into gadgets.
Some industry executives say privacy concerns may be even more serious, without a consensus on
how to exploit all the data that could be generated by a flood of new sensors and Internet-connected
video cameras.
"Big data is worth absolutely nothing without big judgment," says Joseph Bradley, director of what
Cisco Systems Inc. calls its "Internet of Everything" consulting practice.
Nonetheless, heavyweights like General Electric Co, Intel Corp and Qualcomm Inc are jockeying for
position.
"I've never seen our industry go as fast as it is, or create as much value," says Marc Benioff, chief
executive of Salesforce.com Inc. "It's a very magical time."
Cisco estimates that the number of devices connected to the Internet will swell from about 10 billion
today to 50 billion by 2020, as wireless links spread beyond smartphones and PCs to many other
kinds of devices. The Silicon Valley giant's chief executive, John Chambers, is expected to discuss
the opportunities Tuesday in a keynote speech at CES.
Gartner Inc. puts the number of connected devices at fewer than 30 billion, but sees $309 billion in
additional revenue for product and service suppliers by 2020 and $1.9 trillion in total economic
impact from cost savings, improved productivity and other factors.
The vision of a world of smart gadgets emerged even before the Web. A.C. "Mike" Markkula, a co-
founder of Apple Computer Inc., had a brainstorm in the mid-1980s about combining functions for
networking and controlling devices on a single chip. Those "neurons," as they came to be called,
were expected to spread widely once their cost fell to around $1. But the company he founded,
Echelon Corp, didn't hit that target and has had a bumpy.
The 5 Biggest Tech Trends In Policing And Law EnforcementBernard Marr
Police and law enforcement organizations are being transformed by new technologies, such as AI, big data analytics, robots, and extended reality. Here we look at the five biggest trends and how they are changing policing.
1- In the dispute between the FBI and Apple- which side do you support.docxEdwardk3aWallacey
1. In the dispute between the FBI and Apple, which side do you support and why?
2. How would you counter the arguments offered by those on the other side of this debate?
3. Are there any circumstances in which you think the government's right to information
should take precedence over an individual's right to privacy?
4. Should any technology firm be allowed to create a privacy protection system that is so
impenetrable that it could never be overridden, regardless of the government's need for this information?
order. In a strongly wurded lenter to Apple customers posted to the company's website, Cook called the onder "an unprecedented step which threatens the security of our custemers" with "implications far beyond the legal case at hand." In a court filing. Apple claimed. "This isn't a case about one isolated iPhone. No court has ever authorized what the goverament now secks, no law supports such unlimited and swecping use of the judicial proccs. and the Constitution forbids it." The day before the FBI director and Apple's top lawyers were to tevify before Cangress, a federal judge in New York sided with Apple in a related case. Magistrate Jadge James Orenstein rejected the Justice Departmenf's argument that the I8th century All Writs Act gave prosecutors the authority to compel Apple to help investigators bypass the passeodeprotection system on an Apple iPhone seized in a drug investigation. He said the critical issues of 2 Ist century privacy and technology should be decided by soday's lassmakers, rather than by reinterpreting an old law. Around this time, the media reported that an outside party had demonstrated to the FBI a possible method for unlocking Farook's iPhone that, if successful, would climinate the need for assistance from Apple. "This uugeess that the very thing that Apple feared already exists in some form and it exists outside the walls of Cupertino [Apple's home]." said attorney Edward McAndrew: A month later, the FBI announced that it had cracked Farook's iPhone and was dropping its legal cave against Apple. A Justice Depurtment spokesperson said. -While this particular phone is no longer an issue, the broader fight over encryption-protected technology is Fikely to continue. It remains a priority for the government to ensure that law enforcement can obtain cnucial digital information to protect national security and public safety." And the controversy may intensify in the futore. FBt director Comey announced in April 2016 that the secret technique used to unlock Farook's iPhone 5 C , for which the FBI reportedly paid more than $1 million, would not work on newer iPhone models. Two yean laler, Apple announced that it was planning an iFhone update that would effectively disable the phone's charging and data port-the opening where users plug in headphooss. power cables, and adapters - an hour after the phone is locked. This change was seca a direct response to govemment efforts to unlock phones without the owner's permiss.
1. Smartphone kill switch now required in California
Apple's "kill switch" has decreased the number of stolen iPhones, reports
http://www.law.virginia.edu/ say. Steve Parsons/PA Wire
California is the latest -- and biggest -- state to require that new smartphones have "kill switch" anti-
theft technology. Governor Jerry Brown signed the kill switch bill into law on Monday, CBS San
Francisco reports.
The law will require smartphone manufacturers to include technology to render the phone
inoperable if it is stolen.
"Getting mugged or robbed just because you have your cell phone in your hand is soon to be a thing
of the past," the co-author of the bill, state assembly member Nancy
http://bml.ym.edu.tw/tfeid/userinfo.php?uid=40913 Skinner, said in a press release. She called it "a
victory for consumer safety."
Minnesota became the first state to pass a smartphone kill switch law in May of this year.
The California bill does not specify exactly how smartphone makers meet the requirements, only that
they must keep up with the evolving technology and produce a way to render stolen phones
inoperable. The law applies to smartphones only, not tablets or other mobile devices.
Several major manufacturers have already
begun implementing the technology. Last
year Apple introduced its "activation lock"
feature on iPhones running iOS 7, which
prevents anyone from erasing, activating, or
otherwise using your phone without knowing
your Apple ID and password. Samsung
smartphones have similar protections built
in.
Nearly 50 percent of property crimes in
major cities like San Francisco, New York
and Washington, D.C. involve the theft of
mobile devices. According to a report by New
York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman,
thieves stole 3.1 million mobile devices in the
U.S. last year.
But the kill switch can make a big difference. Schneiderman's report cites police data showing that
since Apple introduced its anti-theft technology in September 2013, the number of iPhones stolen in
San Francisco, New York City and London dropped by up to a third.