Development of small islands requires an integrated approach to promoting sustainable development, namely balancing between economic use of natural resources and environmental protection. The precautionary approach and conservation are necessary to ensure that the use of space and natural resources available in it is capable of supporting human life and protecting the environment. In accordance with their characteristics, management of small islands and coastal waters needs to be done in an integrated approach by using management model of small islands cluster and surrounding coastal waters. One method that can be applied is with spatial planning that promotes management of small islands and coastal waters according to the characteristics and the uses of space, natural resources, land and waters. To be effective it needs commitment of all stakeholders, cooperation between governments at all levels, and public participation.

1. SUSTAINABLE SMALL ISLAND
MANAGEMENT
SUNOTO, MES, PHD
Pingtan International Forum on Island Conservation and Development
Pingtan, China
June 25-26, 2016

2. INTRODUCTION
(Critical Issues on Small Island)
• Social and Economy:
– Poor infrastructure: settlement, transport, energy
(electricity), and drinking water facilities
– Isolated economically and socially (remote)
– Limited economic resources
• Ecology:
– Limited natural resources
– Vulnerable ecosystems
• Blue Solution:
– Small islands should be managed for the benefit of the
local people and the environment
– Sustainable small island management is a necessity.

3. SMALL ISLANDS AND CONSERVATION
• Indonesia is an archipelago state consisting of more than 17,000 islands
and 104,000 km coastal lines,
• Law No. 27 of 2007 and Law No. 1 of 2014 provides legal basis for Coastal
and Small Island management,
• Conservation has become one of national priorities to protect small islands
and coastal zone,
• Determination of coastal and small islands conservation is based on three
criteria: a) ecology: biodiversity, naturalness, ecological relevance,
representativeness, uniqueness, productivity, regional migration and
habitat for rare fish, local fish spawning areas; b) social and cultural rights:
community support and participation, potential conflicts of interest,
potential threats, local wisdom and customs; and c) economy: fisheries,
aquaculture, and tourism potential,
• The use of the small island and surrounding waters is mainly designated for
(1) conservation activities, (2) education and training, (3) research and
development, (4) tourism, (5) fishery, and (6) organic farming,
• Priorities: local people empowerment, economic development, and
environmental protection (conservation).

4. SMALL ISLAND MANAGEMENT:
STRATEGIC APPROACH
• A SMALL ISLAND MAY BE DEVELOPED INDIVIDUALLY, BUT INTEGRATED
APPROACH IS REQUIRED,
• INTEGRATED APPROACH MEANS SMALL ISLAND CLUSTER AND COASTAL
WATERS TO BE CONSIDERED AS ONE MANAGEMENT UNIT,
• MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: BALANCING ECONOMIC USE AND
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
• DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL ISLANDS NEEDS TO CONSIDER THE BALANCE OF
THE ISLANDS IN THE CLUSTER AND SURROUNDING WATERS WITH RESPECT
TO ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF EACH ISLAND
AND COASTAL WATERS,
• INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERESTS HAS BEEN
DONE IN THE PAST FEW YEARS, BUT THE CLUSTER APPROACH IS STILL NOT
BEING IMPLEMENTED,
• HOWEVER, WITH THE BLUE ECONOMY INITIATIVE LAUNCHED IN 2012, THE
GOVERNMENT HAS INTRODUCED AN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT MODEL
OF SMALL ISLANDS CLUSTER AND COASTAL WATERS.

5. SPATIAL PLANNING
• SMALL ISLANDS AND COASTAL DEVELOPMENT
REQUIRES SPATIAL PLANNING (ZONING SYSTEMS)
• THREE (3) CATEGORIES OF ZONES:
– (1) THE CORE ZONE, the main zone that is fully
protected with at least 2% of the total area;
– (2) RESTRICTED UTILIZATION ZONE, a zone that may
be utilized but limited (environmentally friendly
activities)
– (3) THE OTHER ZONES, the area that is relatively not
restricted for any activities with environmental
considerations).
– NOTES: Restricted use zone and other zones may be
used for tourism, fishing, and other activities that are
environmentally friendly.

6. OBJECTIVES AND PLANNING
DOCUMENTS
• SPATIAL PLANNING: The allocation of space and resource
utilization in accordance with the potential resources, the carrying
capacity, and ecological processes with the main objectives as
follow:
– Preserving the environment
– Establishing protected areas
– Managing conservation areas
• PLANNING DOCUMENTS:
– Strategic Plan, Zoning Plan, Management Plan, Action Plan and
Detailed Zoning Plan.
– These planning documents contain with various items ranging
from the aspects of policy direction, use of space and natural
resources up to the more detailed management system of the
project.

7. CHALLENGES
• Political will of the government is positive and the policy is
sufficient to promote sustainable small islands
management.
• The challenge is that the governments both central and
provincial governments need to take strategic actions stand
based on the common ground with mutual interests and
strong commitment to implementing sustainable small
islands development.
• Policy priorities are required to provide support for
budgeting, human resources, and stakeholders’
participation in the process.
• The empowerment of local communities is also needed to
encourage and improve public participation for the
prosperity of the people and healthy environment.

8. SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPMENT:
MARINE-BASED TOURISM AND FISHERIES
PERIKANAN DAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL
SOURCE: MMAF

9. SPATIAL PLANING AT ANAMBASBLUE ECONOMY BERBASIS GUGUSAN PULAU: ANAMBAS
SOURCE: MMAF

10. PETA
PUSAT-PUSAT KEGIATAN
BLUE ECONOMY BERBASIS GUGUSAN PULAU: ANAMBAS
INTEGRATED LAND AND MARINE BASED DEVELOPMENT
PLAN AT ANAMBAS
Zone 1:
Hotel, Market,
Other Businesses
Zone 2:
Marine tourism: diving,
snorkling, beaches, water
advanture
Zone 3: mangrove
conservation, fishing,
beaches, restaurant
and others
Zone 1:
Hotel, Market,
Other Businesses
Zone 4:
Aquaculture, fishing port,
market, historical tourism,
floating net aquaculture,
fishing, restaurant and others
SOURCE: MMAF

11. SMALL ISLAND CLUSTER
DEVELOPMENTKAWASAN PENGEMBANGAN
BUDIDAYA: ANAMBAS
SOURCE: MMAF

12. FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT IN MOROTAI ISLAND
4. Commercial port of Bere-Bere
6. Proposed new port
of Sangowo
3. Proposed New Port of Daruba
 Fish auction area
 Port of fishing vessels
 Offices
 New small port
 Control and Monitoring
Office,
 Factory, New small port
 Ice making Factory (10 ton/day),
 Cold storage (50 ton/day),
 Fish auction place,
 Cold storage: 80 ton,
 Ice making factory: 15 Ton/day,
 Port: 30 x 8 Meter ,
 Settlement
North Morotai
East Morotai
South Morotai
South west Morotai
1. Fishing port of Tiley
2. Foating Nets
(Mari Culture)
5. Sea weeds
SOURCE: MMAF

13. SMALL ISLAND AQUACULTURE
Lungu-lungu Island (Location2)Lungu-lungu Island (Location 1)
Kolorai Island (Location 3) Galogalo village
SOURCE: MMAF

14. THANK YOU