Slowdown in State, Local Investment Dents U.S. Economy Cities and states have slashed spending on infrastructure—from highways to sewage systems to police stations By Eric Morath and Ben Leubsdorf • Oct. 26, 2016 11:29 a.m. ET Drivers head north on U.S. 69 in Overland Park, Kan., in July. Kansas officials this spring delayed 24 road-construction projects to help balance the state budget. Photo: Orlin Wagner/Associated Press A sharp pullback in spending by cities and states on infrastructure—from highways to sewage systems to police stations—is weighing on U.S. economic growth. Such government austerity is unusual in the eighth year of an economic expansion, and it is acting as a headwind just as the worst effects of the energy-industry bust, a strong dollar and inventory drawdown are fading. State and local governments spent an annualized $248.47 billion on construction in August—the least since March 2014 and down nearly 11% from its recent peak in mid-2015. The decline depressed gross domestic product growth this spring and was on track to weigh on growth again in the third quarter. “We’re seeing anemic [government] revenue growth and consistent austerity-oriented budgets,” said Gabe Petek, managing director for state ratings at S&P Global Ratings. States are trimming investments in infrastructure and higher education, “areas of the budget helpful for generating economic growth going forward,” he said. In Kansas, officials this spring delayed 24 road-construction projects to help balance the state budget. The more than $500 million in work had been slated to start between this year and the end of 2018, including expanding U.S. 50 into a four-lane expressway near Dodge City. Instead, the state will spend money to maintain existing roads. “We want to make sure the roadways we currently have are in the best condition as possible,” said Joel Skelley, director of policy at the Kansas Department of Transportation. Total state and local government spending last year accounted for roughly 11% of U.S. economic output, four times as large as federal nondefense spending, and swings in public investment can have outsize effects on the growth rate. The Commerce Department will release its first estimate for third-quarter GDP on Friday. ENLARGE Many state governments have yet to fully recover from the recession and associated steep declines in tax revenue. In late 2015, inflation-adjusted tax revenue was lower in 21 states compared with the peak before or during the recession, according to Pew Charitable Trusts. The situation doesn’t seem to be improving. Preliminary data indicate that state tax revenue fell 2.1% in the second quarter from a year earlier after advancing just 1.6% in the first quarter, according to the Rockefeller Institute of Government. The recent drop reflected mixed stock-market returns and slowing growth in sales-tax collection and paycheck withholding. Revenue declines restrain the ability of state and local government.

1. Slowdown in State, Local Investment Dents U.S. Economy
Cities and states have slashed spending on infrastructure—from
highways to sewage systems to police stations
By
Eric Morath and
Ben Leubsdorf
• Oct. 26, 2016 11:29 a.m. ET
Drivers head north on U.S. 69 in Overland Park, Kan., in July.
Kansas officials this spring delayed 24 road-construction
projects to help balance the state budget.
Photo: Orlin Wagner/Associated Press
A sharp pullback in spending by cities and states on
infrastructure—from highways to sewage systems to police
stations—is weighing on U.S. economic growth.
Such government austerity is unusual in the eighth year of an
economic expansion, and it is acting as a headwind just as the
worst effects of the energy-industry bust, a strong dollar and
inventory drawdown are fading.
State and local governments spent an annualized $248.47 billion
on construction in August—the least since March 2014 and
down nearly 11% from its recent peak in mid-2015.
The decline depressed gross domestic product growth this
spring and was on track to weigh on growth again in the third
quarter.
“We’re seeing anemic [government] revenue growth and
consistent austerity-oriented budgets,” said Gabe Petek,
managing director for state ratings at S&P Global Ratings.
States are trimming investments in infrastructure and higher
education, “areas of the budget helpful for generating economic
growth going forward,” he said.
In Kansas, officials this spring delayed 24 road-construction
projects
to help balance the state budget.

2. The more than $500 million in work had been slated to start
between this year and the end of 2018, including expanding
U.S. 50 into a four-lane expressway near Dodge City.
Instead, the state will spend money to maintain existing roads.
“We want to make sure the roadways we currently have are in
the best condition as possible,” said Joel Skelley, director of
policy at the Kansas Department of Transportation. Total state
and local government spending last year accounted for roughly
11% of U.S. economic output, four times as large as federal
nondefense spending, and swings in public investment can have
outsize effects on the growth rate. The Commerce Department
will release its first estimate for third-quarter GDP on Friday.
ENLARGE
Many state governments have yet to fully recover from the
recession and associated steep declines in tax revenue. In late
2015, inflation-adjusted tax revenue was lower in 21 states
compared with the peak before or during the recession,
according to Pew Charitable Trusts.
The situation doesn’t seem to be improving. Preliminary data
indicate that state tax revenue fell 2.1% in the second quarter
from a year earlier after advancing just 1.6% in the first quarter,
according to the Rockefeller Institute of Government. The
recent drop reflected mixed stock-market returns and slowing
growth in sales-tax collection and paycheck withholding.
Revenue declines restrain the ability of state and local
governments to borrow money for capital projects. Such a
situation prompted Connecticut to cancel or delay selling about
$1 billion in bonds earlier this year. By law, the state has a debt
limit tied to tax collections, and lawmakers must make cuts
when the limit can’t be raised.
As a result of the lost funding, the University of Connecticut
delayed a $150 million renovation of its Gant Science Complex
by several months
and postponed plans for a $10 million overhaul of the roof at
Gampel Pavilion
, home of the national-champion Husky basketball teams.

3. Instead, the university will fix leaks.
“We’re trying to balance priorities,” said Scott Jordan, the
university’s chief financial officer. The cuts are “forcing us to
take a look at what things support our core mission and
Connecticut’s economy,” he said.
At the same time tax revenue is falling, costs for Medicaid,
public-employee health care and pension obligations are rising,
leaving many states with little discretion to deploy tax dollars
elsewhere.
Frayed panels hang in Gampel Pavilion, the University of
Connecticut's basketball arena in Storrs, Conn. The school’s
trustees delayed a $10 million summer refurbishing project on
the aging roof for at least a year because the state is
approaching its borrowing cap.
Photo: Pat Eaton-Robb/Associated Press
Democrats and Republicans disagree on the appropriate size and
role of government, but infrastructure spending often enjoys
bipartisan support. President
Barack Obama
and the GOP-led Congress last year
enacted a $305 billion, five-year highway bill.
Many Republican governors advocate spending to repair
crumbling roads and support basic services, though some favor
public-private partnerships for infrastructure.
Still, some conservative economists argue the system of tax
collection and government funding is inefficient and that long-
run economic growth would benefit from lower public outlays.
For governments faced with tight funding, putting off building
projects can be more politically palatable than sharp cutbacks in
public safety or school budgets.
Through this year’s first eight months, state and local
construction spending was down 1.4% from a year earlier, while
federal-government construction outlays were flat and private-
sector construction spending was up 7%. The data weren’t
adjusted for inflation.
The government cutbacks could dent U.S. economic growth

4. overall, many economists say.
“It’s going to be a very significant drag in the third quarter,”
said Pantheon Macroeconomics chief economist Ian
Shepherdson. But he said he expects a rebound in late 2016 or
next year because the volatile construction-spending data are
undershooting the trend suggested by government revenue
numbers.
Construction of public buildings—courthouses, fire stations and
other government facilities—should begin to rise in 2017,
Dodge Data & Analytics predicted in a recent annual outlook.
“This is expected to be the bottom of the cycle for public
buildings, as government fiscal conditions have slowly
mended,” the report said.
Troubled finances are weighing on state credit ratings, a report
card of fiscal health. S&P downgraded its ratings of six states
so far this year—the most since 1991.
The downgrades include states where political gridlock has
upended the budgeting process, while in others, such as Alaska
and North Dakota, a pullback in the energy industry is weighing
on tax collections.
Despite the downgrades, state debt remains highly rated,
including 15 states with the highest AAA rating.
Past economic expansions gave states an opportunity to make
critical investments and build up rainy day funds and other
buffers to protect against recessions. That isn’t happening in
several states this time. The median state in fiscal 2016 could
run on its reserves for 29.2 days, down 14 days from the level a
decade earlier, according to Pew,
Most states are selling bonds to refinance existing debt, not to
raise funds for investment in new projects.
“We’re not seeing a push to take advantage of the lower interest
rates” to raise new funds, said S&P’s Mr. Petek. “It’s not our
forecast, but you can’t rule out a recession in the next two or
three years, and several states haven’t put themselves in a good
position to weather it.”
Write to

5. Eric Morath at
[email protected]
and Ben Leubsdorf at
[email protected]