150616 Quickscan Royal Netherlands Army (Gino Balistreri)

1. Royal Netherlands Army
Material Logistics Command / Technical Department
G. Balistreri
BSc Graduation Intern
SINTAS - Quick Scan
Potential of AM in the
after-sales service
supply chains of
ground based
(weapon) systems
16 June 2015

2. Royal Netherlands Army2
Additive Manufacturing
Content
• Host organization
• Method
• Results
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
• Limitations

3. Royal Netherlands Army3
Additive Manufacturing
Quick Scan – MatLogCo / Technical Department

4. Royal Netherlands Army4
Additive Manufacturing
After-sales service supply chain of the RNLA
Preventive and corrective maintenance
Three maintenance levels
•Organic Level Maintenance (OLM)
•Intermediate Level Maintenance (ILM)
•Depot Level Maintenance (DLM)

5. Royal Netherlands Army5
Additive Manufacturing
Method
• Analysis of system types
• Model
• Opportunities
• Current applications of AM by DoD
• Literature study of opportunities in
the Defence industry
• Set of criteria
• Data gathering & data quality
• Threshold values & AHP

6. Royal Netherlands Army6
Additive Manufacturing
Examples – Fennek
Source: Dutch Defence Press

7. Royal Netherlands Army7
Additive Manufacturing
Examples (2) - Bushmaster
Source: Ministry of Defence

8. Royal Netherlands Army8
Additive Manufacturing
Examples (3) – CV90 IGV
Source: Ministry of Defence

9. Royal Netherlands Army9
Additive Manufacturing
Examples (4) – PzH2000NL
Source: Dutch Defence Press

10. Royal Netherlands Army10
Additive Manufacturing
Framework
• Set of criteria from framework of N. Knofius;
• Exclude irrelevant criteria from this set;
• Exclude criteria that cannot be measured;
• Add other relevant criteria (if any)

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Additive Manufacturing
Criteria
Relevant and measurable set of criteria
Technological category
(exclusive)
Logistical category
(weighting)
Economic category
(weighting)
Material (s) Average annual usage Purchasing cost
Dimension Resupply lead time Average days of inventory on hand
Item in initial lifecycle phase Design ownership
ELOT-item

12. Royal Netherlands Army12
Additive Manufacturing
Criteria (2)
Assigned to company goals (based on literature);
Weights with AHP-method:
Goal Weight
Secure supply 0.70
Improve service 0.23
Reduce costs 0.07

13. Royal Netherlands Army13
Additive Manufacturing
Resupply
lead time
Item in
initial life-
cycle phase
Average
days of
inventory
on hand
Purchasing
cost
Design
ownership
Item in
initial life-
cycle phase
Average
annual
usage
ELOT-item
Improve
service
Reduce costs Secure supply
0.23 0.07 0.70
0.350.350.020.020.020.020.110.11
Criteria (3)

14. Royal Netherlands Army14
Additive Manufacturing
Criteria (4)
Characteristic Weight
Average annual usage 0.35
ELOT-item 0.35
Item in initial lifecycle phase 0.13
Resupply lead time 0.11
Average days of inventory on hand 0.02
Purchasing cost 0.02
Design ownership 0.02

15. Royal Netherlands Army15
Additive Manufacturing
Spare part (sub)assortments
Amount of analyzed (sub)assortments: 72
Amount of relevant spare parts: 150,000
Amount of analyzed parts (used last three years): 12,000

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Additive Manufacturing
Threshold values
• More differentation in score needed;
• Exclusion of parts that will never be printed

17. Royal Netherlands Army17
Additive Manufacturing
Analysis 1 Analysis 2 Analysis 3
Characteristic Threshold
value
Assigned
value
Results Threshold
value
Assigned
value
Results Threshold
value
Assigned
value
Results
Resupply lead
time
(number of days)
< 14
≥ 14
Unknown
0
1
NO-GO
111
11833
0
< 14
14-30
> 30
Unknown
NO-GO
0
1
NO-GO
111
347
11486
0
< 14
14-30
30-60
60-120
120-180
≥ 150
Unknown
NO-GO
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
NO-GO
111
347
178
4160
3166
3982
0
Average days of
inventory on
hand
(number of days)
< 30
≥ 30
Unknown
0
1
NO-GO
1448
10496
0
< 30
30-3600
≥ 3600
Unknown
0
1
0
NO-GO
1448
6363
4133
0
< 30
30-90
90-180
180-360
360-900
900-1800
1800-2700
2700-3600
≥ 3600
Unknown
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
NO-GO
1448
90
162
520
1788
1830
1192
781
4133
0
Purchasing cost
(€)
< 25
≥ 25
Unknown
0
1
NO-GO
5695
6076
173
< 20
20-100
≥ 100
Unknown
NO-GO
0
1
NO-GO
5695
2709
3367
173
< 20
20-50
50-75
75-100
≥ 100
Unknown
NO-GO
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
NO-GO
5695
1357
807
545
3367
173

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Additive Manufacturing
Analysis 1 Analysis 2 Analysis 3
Overall annual
usage
(number of used
spare parts)
< 1000
≥ 1000
Unknown
1
0
NO-GO
11921
23
0
< 100
100-1000
≥ 1000
Unknown
1
0
NO-GO
NO-GO
11653
268
23
0
< 10
10-50
50-100
100-500
500-1000
≥ 1000
Unknown
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
NO-GO
NO-GO
9324
1969
360
246
22
23
0
Item in initial
lifecycle phase
YES
NO
1
0
412
11532
Same as in analysis 1 Same as in analysis 1
Design
ownership
YES
NO
1
0
4039
7905
Same as in analysis 1 Same as in analysis 1
ELOT-item YES
NO
1
0
6235
5709
Same as in analysis 1 Same as in analysis 1
Total number of
parts analyzed
11944 11944 11944
Total number of
parts excluded
173 6002 6002

19. Royal Netherlands Army19
Additive Manufacturing
Results
Considered spare parts
Total number of analysed
unique spare parts:
All 11944
Average score per part: Not excluded spare parts
(Categories 2-6)
0.61
Standard deviaton: Not excluded spare parts
(Categories 2-6)
0.17

20. Royal Netherlands Army20
Additive Manufacturing
Results (2)
Category Potential of AM Range (scores) Number of
unique
spare parts
Category 1 None Excluded parts (NO-GO) 5924
Category 2 Relatively very low 0.00 – 0.25 33
Category 3 Relatively low 0.25 – 0,50 2568
Category 4 Around average 0.50 – 0.75 1041
Category 5 Relatively high 0.75 – 0.85 2213
Category 6 Relatively very high ≥ 0.85 165

21. Royal Netherlands Army21
Additive Manufacturing
Results (3):
• Based on logistical and economic criteria only:
• 50 % of the analyzed spare part assortment excluded;
• 20 % promising;
• 1-2 % very promising.

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Additive Manufacturing
Technological criteria
• Material
• No electric components;
• No more than two different types;
• No turning parts
• Dimension

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Additive Manufacturing
Technologically not feasible
Type of parts (116):
Axles Hoses
Steering arms Cables
Pumps Wiring harnesses
Cylinders Switches
Other levers Adaptors
Gears Regulators
Bearings Speedometers
Springs Amplifiers
Torsion bars (Camouflage) Covers
Rocker arms Ladders
Pitman arms Locks
Ball joints Lighting
Panels Seats
Shield Seat belts
Impellers Other
Exhaust pipes

24. Royal Netherlands Army24
Additive Manufacturing
Technologically feasible
Type of parts (27):
Gaskets
Hoods
Connecting-rods
Mounts
Brake levers
Handles
Exhaust manifold
Specific rings
Cross pieces
Steering wheels
Fan clutches
Other

25. Royal Netherlands Army25
Additive Manufacturing
Conclusion
• Most important application of AM for the RNLA:
secure supply of spare parts
• AM could significantly improve service
• No logistical and/or economic reasons to start print
around 50% of assortment
• 3000 promising parts
• Average score: 0.61
• Only 20 % very promising and technologically feasible

26. Royal Netherlands Army26
Additive Manufacturing
Recommendations
• Monitor the development of AM closely;
• Monitor the availability of spare parts especially for systems
that will reach their initial ELOT on the short term;
• Start inserting material type, dimension and part criticality;
• Investigate the necessary steps for approval;
• Revise purchasing strategy;
• Repeat Quick Scan -> development & more representative
data.

27. Royal Netherlands Army27
Additive Manufacturing
Limitations
• Limited amount of spare parts analyzed;
• Data quality;
• Data representativeness;
• Technological criteria based on assumptions.