A variety of goods and services in the contemporary world requires evolutionary improvement of services e-commerce platform performance and optimization of costs. Contemporary society is deeply integrated with delivery services, purchasing of goods and services online, that makes competition between service and good providers a key selection factor for end-user.. As long as logistic, timely, and cost-effective delivery plays important part authors decided to analyse possible ways of improvements in the current field, especially for regions distantly located from popular distribution canters and drop-ship delivery networks. Considering both: fast and lazy delivery the factor of costs is playing an important role for each end-user. The work proposes a simulation that analyses the current cost of delivery for e-commerce orders in the context of delivery by the Supplier Fleet, World-Wide delivery service fleet, and possible vendor drop-ship and checks of the alternative ways can be used to minimize the costs. Special attention is given to Drop-Ship networks as the factor of possible costs decrease. The main object of investigation is focused around mid and small companies living far from big distribution canters, in the rural areas but actively using e-commerce solutions for their daily activities. The authors analysed and proposed a solution for the problem of cost optimization for packages delivery for long-distance deliveries using a combination of paths delivered by supplier fleets, worldwide, local carriers and drop-ship networks. Data models and Add-ons of contemporary Enterprise Resource Planning systems have been used, and additional development is proposed in the perspective of the flow selection change for combination of carriers. The experiment is based on data sources of the United States companies using a wide range of carriers for delivery services and uses the data sources of the real companies; however, it applies repetitive simulations to analyse variances in obtained solutions for different combinations of carriers.
ECommerce has evolved into a $2.8 trillion1
global market where increasingly
the default demand from customers is that they ‘need it now’. They want faster, cheaper delivery with greater control over their experience.
Last-mile delivery is the final stage in the network of courier, express, and parcel companies
(CEP). It is an entire ecosystem that brings a variety of goods to consumers’ doorsteps (or
very close). In 2016, we looked at the transport market – and in particular last-mile delivery –
from two industry perspectives: commercial vehicles (advanced industries sector) and CEP
(logistics sector). Our analyses revealed three main insights
Critical logistics technology in the 21st centuryAnkit Moonka
The document discusses emerging technologies that are driving innovation in logistics, including the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, robotics and automation, 3D printing, and autonomous vehicles. It analyzes how these technologies are enabling new applications and business models in areas like predictive analytics, crowdsourced delivery, and on-demand logistics networks. Several case studies of companies applying these innovative technologies are also highlighted.
E-Logistics and E-Fulfillment: Beyond the Buy ButtonDeborah Bayles
This is the slide presentation that accompanied the paper I presented at the United Nations Committee on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Workshop held in Curacao in 2002.
Increased freight volumes have strained transportation capacity across rail, trucking, air and shipping. This has resulted in tight capacity and higher rates. Shippers are seeking more visibility and partnerships with carriers to better manage costs. New technologies like blockchain may help provide more information sharing across the supply chain to enable optimization. However, many carriers lack the resources to invest in new technologies. The driver shortage also continues to be a major challenge exacerbated by high demand.
Sustainable Last mile delivery- challenges & opportunities.pdfHamid Saeedi
Due to urbanization trends, and megacities, the main part of the last mile happens in urban areas. The cost of providing last-mile services accounts for around 40% of overall supply chain costs. This is more than double compared to any other operations, such as parceling or warehousing in a supply chain. It’s a challenge not just in terms of costs, but also in terms of environmental impact. Transportation in the last mile is accountable for around 25% of GHG emissions in urban areas, and it is expected a 32% jump in carbon emissions from urban delivery by 2030. Last-mile delivery is the most inefficient part of the supply chain, because of small order sizes, lack of consolidation, network conditions, short lead times, and many constantly changing and geographically dispersed locations.
The Rise of Last-Mile Delivery: Meeting Customer Expectations in Today's MarketInsta Dispatch
Last-mile delivery in the supply chain, the final stage of logistics, plays a crucial role in meeting customer expectations. Companies can enhance this process by leveraging advanced technologies and innovative delivery models. With delivery dispatch software like InstaDispatch, logistics companies can optimize their last-mile delivery, improve tracking capabilities, and offer flexible delivery options, all while benefiting from efficient dispatch management. Stay ahead in the market with cutting-edge package delivery management software designed for logistics companies.
ECommerce has evolved into a $2.8 trillion1
global market where increasingly
the default demand from customers is that they ‘need it now’. They want faster, cheaper delivery with greater control over their experience.
Last-mile delivery is the final stage in the network of courier, express, and parcel companies
(CEP). It is an entire ecosystem that brings a variety of goods to consumers’ doorsteps (or
very close). In 2016, we looked at the transport market – and in particular last-mile delivery –
from two industry perspectives: commercial vehicles (advanced industries sector) and CEP
(logistics sector). Our analyses revealed three main insights
Critical logistics technology in the 21st centuryAnkit Moonka
The document discusses emerging technologies that are driving innovation in logistics, including the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, robotics and automation, 3D printing, and autonomous vehicles. It analyzes how these technologies are enabling new applications and business models in areas like predictive analytics, crowdsourced delivery, and on-demand logistics networks. Several case studies of companies applying these innovative technologies are also highlighted.
E-Logistics and E-Fulfillment: Beyond the Buy ButtonDeborah Bayles
This is the slide presentation that accompanied the paper I presented at the United Nations Committee on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Workshop held in Curacao in 2002.
Increased freight volumes have strained transportation capacity across rail, trucking, air and shipping. This has resulted in tight capacity and higher rates. Shippers are seeking more visibility and partnerships with carriers to better manage costs. New technologies like blockchain may help provide more information sharing across the supply chain to enable optimization. However, many carriers lack the resources to invest in new technologies. The driver shortage also continues to be a major challenge exacerbated by high demand.
Sustainable Last mile delivery- challenges & opportunities.pdfHamid Saeedi
Due to urbanization trends, and megacities, the main part of the last mile happens in urban areas. The cost of providing last-mile services accounts for around 40% of overall supply chain costs. This is more than double compared to any other operations, such as parceling or warehousing in a supply chain. It’s a challenge not just in terms of costs, but also in terms of environmental impact. Transportation in the last mile is accountable for around 25% of GHG emissions in urban areas, and it is expected a 32% jump in carbon emissions from urban delivery by 2030. Last-mile delivery is the most inefficient part of the supply chain, because of small order sizes, lack of consolidation, network conditions, short lead times, and many constantly changing and geographically dispersed locations.
The Rise of Last-Mile Delivery: Meeting Customer Expectations in Today's MarketInsta Dispatch
Last-mile delivery in the supply chain, the final stage of logistics, plays a crucial role in meeting customer expectations. Companies can enhance this process by leveraging advanced technologies and innovative delivery models. With delivery dispatch software like InstaDispatch, logistics companies can optimize their last-mile delivery, improve tracking capabilities, and offer flexible delivery options, all while benefiting from efficient dispatch management. Stay ahead in the market with cutting-edge package delivery management software designed for logistics companies.
Connected Shipping: Riding the Wave of E-CommerceCognizant
Digital platforms, applications and processes are rapidly changing how shipping and transportation companies operate. Our primary research study confirmed that while acknowledging the importance of a Web-based business model, many shipping companies are proceeding cautiously. Based on our analysis of the e-commerce market and the approaches that some companies are taking, we have defined a maturity framework to help shippers better assess their current capabilities and plan ahead.
Overview of Supply Chain and Logistics Technology & Parcel SystemKunj Joshi 🎤
The document discusses the parcel industry and benefits of supply chain software for courier companies. It describes how parcel perfect software works to efficiently manage courier businesses through features like GPS tracking, automated invoicing, and end-to-end parcel tracking. The software provides tangible benefits like reduced costs and improved productivity as well as intangible benefits like increased visibility and profit analysis. Key documents discussed include waybills, manifestos, and proofs of delivery that are important for tracking shipments and processing payments.
E-Logistics and E-Fulfillment: Beyond the Buy Button--UNCTAD PaperDeborah Bayles
The document discusses e-logistics and e-fulfillment, which are critical functions for successful e-commerce. E-logistics applies logistics concepts electronically, while e-fulfillment ensures customer satisfaction before, during, and after online purchases. Companies can perform these functions in-house, outsource to third-party logistics providers, or use drop-shipping. Developing countries face additional challenges with e-commerce logistics due to infrastructure issues. Emerging data standards are important for integrating e-logistics and e-fulfillment software solutions.
The most successful business owners are using strategic shipping options to differentiate themselves from the competition and increase their profit margins.
After the increase in digital shopping due to the coronavirus outbreak, 51% of retail leaders said they’d be increasing investments in logistics and supply chain, per a report from BigCommerce and Retail Dive from late 2020.
Visibility is so important that Gartner introduced its first Magic Quadrant for Real-Time Transportation Visibility Platforms last year. This report defines these platforms as systems that provide businesses with real-time insights into shipments. Visibility helps companies avoid supply chain disruptions and make smarter decisions to ensure orders arrive on time, in full.
This document describes a Pickrun application that provides fast and reliable delivery services. It discusses three main modules: admin, end-user/customer, and delivery partner. The end-user can place orders and track deliveries. Delivery partners receive order notifications and accept/deliver orders. The admin views order details and statuses. It aims to build Android and iOS apps using Flutter for customers to easily place orders. The delivery is based on customer requirements and real-time tracking is provided.
Using Technology to Solve Last Mile Delivery ChallengesLaura Olson
This document discusses how technology can help solve challenges in last mile delivery. It describes how e-commerce has increased delivery demands and how the last mile is often the most costly and inefficient part of the supply chain. It then summarizes several technologies that can optimize last mile delivery, including route optimization software, warehouse management systems, crowdsourcing delivery apps, artificial intelligence, autonomous delivery robots and drones, smart lockers and mailboxes, and IoT sensors to provide real-time parcel tracking. These technologies aim to streamline fulfillment, improve efficiency, and enhance the customer experience of last mile delivery.
DONATE BLOOD BANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PPT.pptxfortcodex12
A blood bank management system is a software application specifically designed to manage and streamline the operations of a blood bank. This system helps in maintaining records of blood donors, blood units, blood tests, and blood transfusions. It also helps in tracking inventory, scheduling appointments, and generating reports.
A PowerPoint presentation (PPT) on blood bank management system would typically cover the following topics:
Introduction to blood bank management system
Importance of blood banks in healthcare
Features and functionalities of a blood bank management system
Benefits of implementing a blood bank management system
Demonstration of how the system works
Case studies or examples of successful implementation
Challenges and future trends in blood bank management
Next Level Of Supply Chain With Omnichannel LogisticseTailing India
Welcome to our 2nd part of Logistics Week Series. Having understood the impact of digitalization on logistics from our previous article, today we see how logistics work in a demand driven omnichannel commerce ecosystem.
Technology in Logistics grew throughout 2016. Over the last year, huge strides were made in machine-to-machine connectivity as a stronger resolve for more omnichannel logistics solutions. It is important to know how they relate to improving supply chains and why they are essential to omnichannel logistics solutions.
The global last-mile delivery software market is forecast to expand at a CAGR of 4.7% and thereby increase from a value of US$70.8 Bn in 2023, to US$97.6 Bn the end of 2030.
What is Last Mile Delivery Part 2: Adapting to Retail and e-Commerce Order Fu...Angela Carver
The increasing popularity of omni-channel retailing has created many challenges for transportation and logistics providers servicing retailers. This has forced transportation operations to think outside of the box and make significant changes to their service offering portfolios. Omni-channel retailing has made fulfilling customer orders efficiently and cost effectively much more complex with a variety of new distribution strategies.
E-commerce orders grew 47% between 2009 and 2014 in comparison to only 6% at brick and mortar store locations. E-commerce sales are expected to reach $2.3 trillion by 2017. This shift in retail channel utilization has increased the order fulfillment needs and associated labor costs. Retailers are evaluating existing distribution networks to verify they can handle the added volume and are seeking out additional delivery solutions as a supplement. In many cases, these additions are in the form of local and regional distribution centers.
Rising shipping costs have also been a significant challenge for last mile delivery as they account for approximately 28% of total transportation costs. Shippers have many options for counteracting rising shipping costs including: intermodal freight utilization to link logistics clusters, shipment consolidation with crossdocking, primary delivery channel elimination and click-to-collect/ parcel locker centers to consolidate parcel drop-offs.
Governmental regulations have also created problems related to last mile logistics, both in the US and abroad. Regulations such as vehicle size and weight limitations, parking policies and noise restrictions. To avoid these issues some transportation operations are investing in smaller delivery vehicles for use in local regional delivery operations. These vehicles are typically more compliant with imposed noise and size restrictions. In areas where even these smaller vehicles are not an option some logistics providers have started to offer bike delivery and contracted one-time delivery services through businesses such as Uber.
Demand for up-to-date order information has also become an issue for many omni-channel retailers. Customers now want to know when their order has been accepted, processed, shipped and delivered. In order to provide this level of detail omni-channel supply chains are implementing inventory management software such as WMS with customer relationship management capabilities to provide real-time information to customers.
In order to provide a positive final impression on consumers retailers must focus on last mile logistics. Focusing on these potential solutions can help retailers to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and cost of last mile delivery operations. Learn more from Datex experts now at marketing@datexcorp.com or www.datexcorp.com .
UPS uses a complex package tracking system involving inputs like package details, signatures, locations and billing data. This data is processed by transmitting it to central computers for storage and organization so packages can be tracked by various criteria. Outputs include delivery times, locations and reports for customers and management. The system provides value by reducing paperwork, saving fuel costs, monitoring deliveries, and enabling easy customer inquiries. It helps solve routing problems and allows UPS to compete effectively through efficient tracking of packages. Without this system, UPS would struggle to compete as the largest package delivery company.
ProTrans is a third-party logistics provider that services over 350 plants in North America and Mexico. It specializes in less-than-truckload consolidation to optimize clients' supply chains. ProTrans handles other complementary logistics services and can integrate various services through its third-party logistics team. ProTrans uses various software tools to manage clients' international supply chains, consolidate shipments, track inventory, and provide analytics.
M Economic Review 37 3&4 People's Bank 2010 Internet A Paradox in Shipping.pdfCINEC Campus
1. The document discusses the paradox that while internet usage has increased in many industries, its usage remains low between shippers and carriers in the shipping industry.
2. It provides evidence that 88% of communication between carriers and customers is done by phone rather than through internet-based options.
3. The document argues that greater use of internet could help reduce costs for shipping companies and customers by streamlining processes like booking and documentation and reducing errors.
This document discusses third-party logistics (3PL) providers and current trends in the industry. It defines 3PL providers as companies that offer outsourced logistics services, such as procurement, transportation, warehousing and fulfillment. Common types of 3PL providers include transportation-based, warehouse/distribution-based, forwarder-based, financial-based, and information-based companies. The document also outlines some current technology trends in 3PL, including increased use of paperless platforms, on-demand services, faster freight quoting, just-in-time delivery for e-commerce, and online payment processing.
The document discusses how supply chain management is being transformed by Supply Chain 4.0 through the application of technologies like the Internet of Things, advanced robotics, and big data analytics. Supply Chain 4.0 will make supply chains faster, more flexible, more granular, and more accurate by placing sensors everywhere, creating networks, automating processes, and analyzing all available data. This will significantly improve performance and customer satisfaction. The document outlines several ways key areas like planning, physical flow, performance management, and order management will be improved through applications of emerging digital technologies.
Blockchain strategy depends on a company's market position. Followers should carefully consider and implement blockchain strategies, joining consortia to avoid being locked out. Short-term investment costs in blockchain are outweighed by long-term costs of being left behind. Barriers to blockchain adoption include regulatory issues, lack of standards, and short-term costs. Live use cases show blockchain can automate commercial logistics processes through smart contracts that resolve invoice disputes and reduce overpayments based on real-time shipment data.
Home security is of paramount importance in today's world, where we rely more on technology, home
security is crucial. Using technology to make homes safer and easier to control from anywhere is
important. Home security is important for the occupant’s safety. In this paper, we came up with a low cost,
AI based model home security system. The system has a user-friendly interface, allowing users to start
model training and face detection with simple keyboard commands. Our goal is to introduce an innovative
home security system using facial recognition technology. Unlike traditional systems, this system trains
and saves images of friends and family members. The system scans this folder to recognize familiar faces
and provides real-time monitoring. If an unfamiliar face is detected, it promptly sends an email alert,
ensuring a proactive response to potential security threats.
In the era of data-driven warfare, the integration of big data and machine learning (ML) techniques has
become paramount for enhancing defence capabilities. This research report delves into the applications of
big data and ML in the defence sector, exploring their potential to revolutionize intelligence gathering,
strategic decision-making, and operational efficiency. By leveraging vast amounts of data and advanced
algorithms, these technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for threat detection, predictive analysis,
and optimized resource allocation. However, their adoption also raises critical concerns regarding data
privacy, ethical implications, and the potential for misuse. This report aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of big data and ML in defence, while examining the challenges and
ethical considerations that must be addressed to ensure responsible and effective implementation.
More Related Content
Similar to Simulation of Package Delivery Optimization using a Combination of Carriers and Drop-Ship
Connected Shipping: Riding the Wave of E-CommerceCognizant
Digital platforms, applications and processes are rapidly changing how shipping and transportation companies operate. Our primary research study confirmed that while acknowledging the importance of a Web-based business model, many shipping companies are proceeding cautiously. Based on our analysis of the e-commerce market and the approaches that some companies are taking, we have defined a maturity framework to help shippers better assess their current capabilities and plan ahead.
Overview of Supply Chain and Logistics Technology & Parcel SystemKunj Joshi 🎤
The document discusses the parcel industry and benefits of supply chain software for courier companies. It describes how parcel perfect software works to efficiently manage courier businesses through features like GPS tracking, automated invoicing, and end-to-end parcel tracking. The software provides tangible benefits like reduced costs and improved productivity as well as intangible benefits like increased visibility and profit analysis. Key documents discussed include waybills, manifestos, and proofs of delivery that are important for tracking shipments and processing payments.
E-Logistics and E-Fulfillment: Beyond the Buy Button--UNCTAD PaperDeborah Bayles
The document discusses e-logistics and e-fulfillment, which are critical functions for successful e-commerce. E-logistics applies logistics concepts electronically, while e-fulfillment ensures customer satisfaction before, during, and after online purchases. Companies can perform these functions in-house, outsource to third-party logistics providers, or use drop-shipping. Developing countries face additional challenges with e-commerce logistics due to infrastructure issues. Emerging data standards are important for integrating e-logistics and e-fulfillment software solutions.
The most successful business owners are using strategic shipping options to differentiate themselves from the competition and increase their profit margins.
After the increase in digital shopping due to the coronavirus outbreak, 51% of retail leaders said they’d be increasing investments in logistics and supply chain, per a report from BigCommerce and Retail Dive from late 2020.
Visibility is so important that Gartner introduced its first Magic Quadrant for Real-Time Transportation Visibility Platforms last year. This report defines these platforms as systems that provide businesses with real-time insights into shipments. Visibility helps companies avoid supply chain disruptions and make smarter decisions to ensure orders arrive on time, in full.
This document describes a Pickrun application that provides fast and reliable delivery services. It discusses three main modules: admin, end-user/customer, and delivery partner. The end-user can place orders and track deliveries. Delivery partners receive order notifications and accept/deliver orders. The admin views order details and statuses. It aims to build Android and iOS apps using Flutter for customers to easily place orders. The delivery is based on customer requirements and real-time tracking is provided.
Using Technology to Solve Last Mile Delivery ChallengesLaura Olson
This document discusses how technology can help solve challenges in last mile delivery. It describes how e-commerce has increased delivery demands and how the last mile is often the most costly and inefficient part of the supply chain. It then summarizes several technologies that can optimize last mile delivery, including route optimization software, warehouse management systems, crowdsourcing delivery apps, artificial intelligence, autonomous delivery robots and drones, smart lockers and mailboxes, and IoT sensors to provide real-time parcel tracking. These technologies aim to streamline fulfillment, improve efficiency, and enhance the customer experience of last mile delivery.
DONATE BLOOD BANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PPT.pptxfortcodex12
A blood bank management system is a software application specifically designed to manage and streamline the operations of a blood bank. This system helps in maintaining records of blood donors, blood units, blood tests, and blood transfusions. It also helps in tracking inventory, scheduling appointments, and generating reports.
A PowerPoint presentation (PPT) on blood bank management system would typically cover the following topics:
Introduction to blood bank management system
Importance of blood banks in healthcare
Features and functionalities of a blood bank management system
Benefits of implementing a blood bank management system
Demonstration of how the system works
Case studies or examples of successful implementation
Challenges and future trends in blood bank management
Next Level Of Supply Chain With Omnichannel LogisticseTailing India
Welcome to our 2nd part of Logistics Week Series. Having understood the impact of digitalization on logistics from our previous article, today we see how logistics work in a demand driven omnichannel commerce ecosystem.
Technology in Logistics grew throughout 2016. Over the last year, huge strides were made in machine-to-machine connectivity as a stronger resolve for more omnichannel logistics solutions. It is important to know how they relate to improving supply chains and why they are essential to omnichannel logistics solutions.
The global last-mile delivery software market is forecast to expand at a CAGR of 4.7% and thereby increase from a value of US$70.8 Bn in 2023, to US$97.6 Bn the end of 2030.
What is Last Mile Delivery Part 2: Adapting to Retail and e-Commerce Order Fu...Angela Carver
The increasing popularity of omni-channel retailing has created many challenges for transportation and logistics providers servicing retailers. This has forced transportation operations to think outside of the box and make significant changes to their service offering portfolios. Omni-channel retailing has made fulfilling customer orders efficiently and cost effectively much more complex with a variety of new distribution strategies.
E-commerce orders grew 47% between 2009 and 2014 in comparison to only 6% at brick and mortar store locations. E-commerce sales are expected to reach $2.3 trillion by 2017. This shift in retail channel utilization has increased the order fulfillment needs and associated labor costs. Retailers are evaluating existing distribution networks to verify they can handle the added volume and are seeking out additional delivery solutions as a supplement. In many cases, these additions are in the form of local and regional distribution centers.
Rising shipping costs have also been a significant challenge for last mile delivery as they account for approximately 28% of total transportation costs. Shippers have many options for counteracting rising shipping costs including: intermodal freight utilization to link logistics clusters, shipment consolidation with crossdocking, primary delivery channel elimination and click-to-collect/ parcel locker centers to consolidate parcel drop-offs.
Governmental regulations have also created problems related to last mile logistics, both in the US and abroad. Regulations such as vehicle size and weight limitations, parking policies and noise restrictions. To avoid these issues some transportation operations are investing in smaller delivery vehicles for use in local regional delivery operations. These vehicles are typically more compliant with imposed noise and size restrictions. In areas where even these smaller vehicles are not an option some logistics providers have started to offer bike delivery and contracted one-time delivery services through businesses such as Uber.
Demand for up-to-date order information has also become an issue for many omni-channel retailers. Customers now want to know when their order has been accepted, processed, shipped and delivered. In order to provide this level of detail omni-channel supply chains are implementing inventory management software such as WMS with customer relationship management capabilities to provide real-time information to customers.
In order to provide a positive final impression on consumers retailers must focus on last mile logistics. Focusing on these potential solutions can help retailers to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and cost of last mile delivery operations. Learn more from Datex experts now at marketing@datexcorp.com or www.datexcorp.com .
UPS uses a complex package tracking system involving inputs like package details, signatures, locations and billing data. This data is processed by transmitting it to central computers for storage and organization so packages can be tracked by various criteria. Outputs include delivery times, locations and reports for customers and management. The system provides value by reducing paperwork, saving fuel costs, monitoring deliveries, and enabling easy customer inquiries. It helps solve routing problems and allows UPS to compete effectively through efficient tracking of packages. Without this system, UPS would struggle to compete as the largest package delivery company.
ProTrans is a third-party logistics provider that services over 350 plants in North America and Mexico. It specializes in less-than-truckload consolidation to optimize clients' supply chains. ProTrans handles other complementary logistics services and can integrate various services through its third-party logistics team. ProTrans uses various software tools to manage clients' international supply chains, consolidate shipments, track inventory, and provide analytics.
M Economic Review 37 3&4 People's Bank 2010 Internet A Paradox in Shipping.pdfCINEC Campus
1. The document discusses the paradox that while internet usage has increased in many industries, its usage remains low between shippers and carriers in the shipping industry.
2. It provides evidence that 88% of communication between carriers and customers is done by phone rather than through internet-based options.
3. The document argues that greater use of internet could help reduce costs for shipping companies and customers by streamlining processes like booking and documentation and reducing errors.
This document discusses third-party logistics (3PL) providers and current trends in the industry. It defines 3PL providers as companies that offer outsourced logistics services, such as procurement, transportation, warehousing and fulfillment. Common types of 3PL providers include transportation-based, warehouse/distribution-based, forwarder-based, financial-based, and information-based companies. The document also outlines some current technology trends in 3PL, including increased use of paperless platforms, on-demand services, faster freight quoting, just-in-time delivery for e-commerce, and online payment processing.
The document discusses how supply chain management is being transformed by Supply Chain 4.0 through the application of technologies like the Internet of Things, advanced robotics, and big data analytics. Supply Chain 4.0 will make supply chains faster, more flexible, more granular, and more accurate by placing sensors everywhere, creating networks, automating processes, and analyzing all available data. This will significantly improve performance and customer satisfaction. The document outlines several ways key areas like planning, physical flow, performance management, and order management will be improved through applications of emerging digital technologies.
Blockchain strategy depends on a company's market position. Followers should carefully consider and implement blockchain strategies, joining consortia to avoid being locked out. Short-term investment costs in blockchain are outweighed by long-term costs of being left behind. Barriers to blockchain adoption include regulatory issues, lack of standards, and short-term costs. Live use cases show blockchain can automate commercial logistics processes through smart contracts that resolve invoice disputes and reduce overpayments based on real-time shipment data.
Similar to Simulation of Package Delivery Optimization using a Combination of Carriers and Drop-Ship (20)
Home security is of paramount importance in today's world, where we rely more on technology, home
security is crucial. Using technology to make homes safer and easier to control from anywhere is
important. Home security is important for the occupant’s safety. In this paper, we came up with a low cost,
AI based model home security system. The system has a user-friendly interface, allowing users to start
model training and face detection with simple keyboard commands. Our goal is to introduce an innovative
home security system using facial recognition technology. Unlike traditional systems, this system trains
and saves images of friends and family members. The system scans this folder to recognize familiar faces
and provides real-time monitoring. If an unfamiliar face is detected, it promptly sends an email alert,
ensuring a proactive response to potential security threats.
In the era of data-driven warfare, the integration of big data and machine learning (ML) techniques has
become paramount for enhancing defence capabilities. This research report delves into the applications of
big data and ML in the defence sector, exploring their potential to revolutionize intelligence gathering,
strategic decision-making, and operational efficiency. By leveraging vast amounts of data and advanced
algorithms, these technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for threat detection, predictive analysis,
and optimized resource allocation. However, their adoption also raises critical concerns regarding data
privacy, ethical implications, and the potential for misuse. This report aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of big data and ML in defence, while examining the challenges and
ethical considerations that must be addressed to ensure responsible and effective implementation.
Cloud Computing, being one of the most recent innovative developments of the IT world, has been
instrumental not just to the success of SMEs but, through their productivity and innovative contribution to
the economy, has even made a remarkable contribution to the economic growth of the United States. To
this end, the study focuses on how cloud computing technology has impacted economic growth through
SMEs in the United States. Relevant literature connected to the variables of interest in this study was
reviewed, and secondary data was generated and utilized in the analysis section of this paper. The findings
of this paper revealed that there have been meaningful contributions that the usage of virtualization has
made in the commercial dealings of small firms in the United States, and this has also been reflected in the
economic growth of the country. This paper further revealed that as important as cloud-based software is,
some SMEs are still skeptical about how it can help improve their business and increase their bottom line
and hence have failed to adopt it. Apart from the SMEs, some notable large firms in different industries,
including information and educational services, have adopted cloud computing technology and hence
contributed to the economic growth of the United States. Lastly, findings from our inferential statistics
revealed that no discernible change has occurred in innovation between small and big businesses in the
adoption of cloud computing. Both categories of businesses adopt cloud computing in the same way, and
their contribution to the American economy has no significant difference in the usage of virtualization.
Energy-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have garnered significant research interest in
recent years. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), or Cooperative MIMO, represents a specialized
application of MIMO technology within WSNs. This approach operates effectively, especially in
challenging and resource-constrained environments. By facilitating collaboration among sensor nodes,
Cooperative MIMO enhances reliability, coverage, and energy efficiency in WSN deployments.
Consequently, MIMO finds application in diverse WSN scenarios, spanning environmental monitoring,
industrial automation, and healthcare applications.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication. IJCSIT publishes original research papers and review papers, as well as auxiliary material such as: research papers, case studies, technical reports etc.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones
and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking
Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This
gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are
utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the
server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost
to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be
connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
Welcome to AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT), your gateway to the latest advancements in the dynamic fields of Computer Science and Information Systems.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) are computer-based tutoring systems that deal with
linguistic skills. Adding intelligence in such systems is mainly based on using Natural Language
Processing (NLP) tools to diagnose student errors, especially in language grammar. However, most such
systems do not consider the modeling of student competence in linguistic skills, especially for the Arabic
language. In this paper, we will deal with basic grammar concepts of the Arabic language taught for the
fourth grade of the elementary school in Egypt. This is through Arabic Grammar Trainer (AGTrainer)
which is an Intelligent CALL. The implemented system (AGTrainer) trains the students through different
questions that deal with the different concepts and have different difficulty levels. Constraint-based student
modeling (CBSM) technique is used as a short-term student model. CBSM is used to define in small grain
level the different grammar skills through the defined skill structures. The main contribution of this paper
is the hierarchal representation of the system's basic grammar skills as domain knowledge. That
representation is used as a mechanism for efficiently checking constraints to model the student knowledge
and diagnose the student errors and identify their cause. In addition, satisfying constraints and the number
of trails the student takes for answering each question and fuzzy logic decision system are used to
determine the student learning level for each lesson as a long-term model. The results of the evaluation
showed the system's effectiveness in learning in addition to the satisfaction of students and teachers with its
features and abilities.
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
This research aims to further understanding in the field of continuous authentication using behavioural
biometrics. We are contributing a novel dataset that encompasses the gesture data of 15 users playing
Minecraft with a Samsung Tablet, each for a duration of 15 minutes. Utilizing this dataset, we employed
machine learning (ML) binary classifiers, being Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and
Support Vector Classifier (SVC), to determine the authenticity of specific user actions. Our most robust
model was SVC, which achieved an average accuracy of approximately 90%, demonstrating that touch
dynamics can effectively distinguish users. However, further studies are needed to make it viable option
for authentication systems. You can access our dataset at the following
link:https://github.com/AuthenTech2023/authentech-repo
This paper discusses the capabilities and limitations of GPT-3 (0), a state-of-the-art language model, in the
context of text understanding. We begin by describing the architecture and training process of GPT-3, and
provide an overview of its impressive performance across a wide range of natural language processing
tasks, such as language translation, question-answering, and text completion. Throughout this research
project, a summarizing tool was also created to help us retrieve content from any types of document,
specifically IELTS (0) Reading Test data in this project. We also aimed to improve the accuracy of the
summarizing, as well as question-answering capabilities of GPT-3 (0) via long text
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification.
This work highlights transfer learning’s effectiveness in image classification using CNNs and VGG 16 that
provides insights into the selection of pre-trained models and hyper parameters for optimal performance.
We have proposed a comprehensive approach for image segmentation and classification, incorporating preprocessing techniques, the K-means algorithm for segmentation, and employing deep learning models such
as CNN and VGG 16 for classification.
- The document presents 6 different models for defining foot size in Tunisia: 2 statistical models, 2 neural network models using unsupervised learning, and 2 models combining neural networks and fuzzy logic.
- The statistical models (SM and SHM) are based on applying statistical equations to morphological foot data.
- The neural network models (MSK and MHSK) use self-organizing Kohonen maps to cluster foot data and model full and half sizes.
- The fuzzy neural network models (MSFK and MHSFK) incorporate fuzzy logic into the neural network learning process to better account for uncertainty in foot sizes.
The security of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging has gained momentum after the increase in the EV adoption
in the past few years. Mobile applications have been integrated into EV charging systems that mainly use a
cloud-based platform to host their services and data. Like many complex systems, cloud systems are
susceptible to cyberattacks if proper measures are not taken by the organization to secure them. In this
paper, we explore the security of key components in the EV charging infrastructure, including the mobile
application and its cloud service. We conducted an experiment that initiated a Man in the Middle attack
between an EV app and its cloud services. Our results showed that it is possible to launch attacks against
the connected infrastructure by taking advantage of vulnerabilities that may have substantial economic and
operational ramifications on the EV charging ecosystem. We conclude by providing mitigation suggestions
and future research directions.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
Simulation of Package Delivery Optimization using a Combination of Carriers and Drop-Ship
1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 6, December 2020
DOI: 10.5121/ijcsit.2020.12603 33
SIMULATION OF PACKAGE DELIVERY
OPTIMIZATION USING A COMBINATION OF
CARRIERS AND DROP-SHIP
Valentyn M. Yanchuk, Andrii G. Tkachuk, Dmytro S. Antoniuk,
Tetiana A. Vakaliuk and Anna A. Humeniuk
Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr 10005, Ukraine
ABSTRACT
A variety of goods and services in the contemporary world requires evolutionary improvement of services
e-commerce platform performance and optimization of costs. Contemporary society is deeply integrated
with delivery services, purchasing of goods and services online, that makes competition between service
and good providers a key selection factor for end-user.. As long as logistic, timely, and cost-effective
delivery plays important part authors decided to analyse possible ways of improvements in the current
field, especially for regions distantly located from popular distribution canters and drop-ship delivery
networks. Considering both: fast and lazy delivery the factor of costs is playing an important role for each
end-user. The work proposes a simulation that analyses the current cost of delivery for e-commerce orders
in the context of delivery by the Supplier Fleet, World-Wide delivery service fleet, and possible vendor
drop-ship and checks of the alternative ways can be used to minimize the costs. Special attention is given to
Drop-Ship networks as the factor of possible costs decrease. The main object of investigation is focused
around mid and small companies living far from big distribution canters, in the rural areas but actively
using e-commerce solutions for their daily activities. The authors analysed and proposed a solution for the
problem of cost optimization for packages delivery for long-distance deliveries using a combination of
paths delivered by supplier fleets, worldwide, local carriers and drop-ship networks. Data models and
Add-ons of contemporary Enterprise Resource Planning systems have been used, and additional
development is proposed in the perspective of the flow selection change for combination of carriers. The
experiment is based on data sources of the United States companies using a wide range of carriers for
delivery services and uses the data sources of the real companies; however, it applies repetitive
simulations to analyse variances in obtained solutions for different combinations of carriers.
KEYWORDS
Simulation, Customer Behavior, Drop-Ship, Optimization, E-commerce.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Formulation of the Problem
It is very hard to imagine the contemporary world without planned deliveries, goods, and services
ordered online or without scheduled charges for services, etc.
The delivery of e-commerce products has reached unexpected heights in the last few years. Most
deliveries made with e-commerce consist of parcels, small packages, and food containers.
Forrester Analytics builds the trends that the share of online retail will continue to grow steadily
in the next years in the US [1]. Deliveries may have a variety of options like collection points,
pickup locations, or direct delivery to the customer location.
2. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 6, December 2020
34
From the perspective of distribution policy, there are two main types of deliveries from the
perspective of the full path and last-mile logistics:
Fast delivery (within the same day or next day early morning), where the deadline for delivery
passes very fast;
Lazy delivery (optional days for delivery) when the customer has to adapt to specific delivery
days which is not necessary the next day or not even the nearest day or the week. Some Lazy
deliveries can deliver on Wednesdays or Mondays and Fridays depending on the capacity of the
delivery provider.
It is rather hard to imagine the implementation of deliveries without Drop-Ship implementation
of deliveries, where deliveries are implemented by an external party delivering goods on behalf
of another vendor. This type of delivery is getting more and more popular in the world of
eCommerce in the last decade.
So, the workload of the online shop team is entirely packed. Every day the web-shop or any other
online service operational employee collects items for an order then carefully packs them and
sends via delivery service to the end-users. The great ease of this brings the online rate shopping
tools that can calculate the costs precisely. With the variety of different vendor’s carriers and
modes of delivery, the end-user may choose between cost speed and flexibility.
Business to Business (B2B) E-commerce solutions have even more carriers and delivery modes
due to the fact they are making delivery of smaller and bigger parcels sometimes even renting the
place in a big car so-called Less than Truck Load (LTL) or Greater than Truck Load GTL
services. The Business to Consumer (B2C) segment has standardized.
The bigger portion of implemented deliveries are properly scheduled for deliveries, however,
still, there is a part, which stays at depots, waiting for an occasion to be picked up. As an
alternative – companies are searching for quicker drop-ship options from other vendors, making
their orders in other regions. Such an alternative gives great flexibility for networks, that are not
much afraid of competition and who may still support fair use policy.
In the market of the US, there are a lot of big players like FedEx, UPS, USPS, which makes the
majority of deliveries for domestic, interstate, and international deliveries. All these carriers have
web APIs that enable quick rate shopping for many e-commerce platforms [2]. At the same time,
these big players are not picking bulky deliveries, which are greater than 65 kg, which can be an
issue for car parts deliveries, etc. All these constraints are less impacting when you have specified
add-ons that use online services helping rate-shop any basket or order and give almost an
immediate result with the delivery rate per several shipping options. Nowadays this becomes
rather standard to use online APIs that help quicker rate-shop the customers' basket and indicate
the price. For better and precise calculation, the basket composition should also keep the delivery
address, which should be validated by the delivery service to guarantee the parcel delivery.
Dimensional packaging (width × height × depth) are optional but more important for bigger
deliveries, which may be reviewed in other manuscripts, due to the different nature of the study.
Let us have a quick look at how the customer understands the order delivery as in Figure 1:
- The order is being recorded in the system;
- The order is being packed;
- The order is got delivered to the location.
3. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 6, December 2020
35
Figure. 1. The simplified scheme of how the client sees the order delivery process
However, the order delivery in the real life is fulfilled like in the below screen, representing way
more participants of this process and intervals with different delivery transformations and the
number of steps performed as in Figure 2.
Figure. 2. The simplified scheme of how the client sees the order delivery process
Below is the simplified scheme of web-shop interaction with an online application integrated
service, outlined by authors based on the online experience with the majority of online platforms.
(Step 1) the client forms basket at the online service.
(Step 2a) the basket is getting totals and tax calculated along with the total weight of the delivery
(required).
(Step 2b) the dimensional information per product should be indicated per item for the possible
use of packaging software calculating the costs for dimensional delivery (optional).
(Step 3) the Shipping origin (the depot or warehouse address) and Delivery address (in full,
including Zip-code, city, state, country, Street, and Street 2 addresses should be provided
(required).
(Step 4) Online API returns the calculated costs that can be added to the order total and prepared
for payment with the full variety of methods and options for delivery.
(Step 5) Online ordering service forms the order for fulfilment and further this order is going for
package. Some APIs provide reservation of the tracking number for the delivery, as long as this is
finalized and will proceed to the carrier for delivery.
(Step 6) Delivery is scheduled, and the final delivery time is indicated to the client.
4. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 6, December 2020
36
There is specifically highlighted the delivery address and shipping origin address, as they are the
key factor for delivery costs calculation and dictate the distance or zone of delivery that plays an
important role for the carriers.
Step 3 is an important part of the e-commerce flow, as this information should be dully validated
for proper calculation. Besides, the Delivery Address should be recognized by the carrier to
validate if there is a delivery to that address. Besides, here is another problem in the
investigation: the rural addresses are hardly recognized by carriers, even if they are fully
registered addresses with appropriate geolocation. Most carriers are covering specific network
locations and points of delivery where the API can calculate the costs. Even the phone call to the
carrier does not help much if the operator is seeing the same situation in his system.
There are always debates around the rural delivery areas [3], far distant locations with limited
delivery services [4] and the current research will not make the edge cases better, and however,
the rural areas will certainly be considered. Unlike B2C, which is always dealing with different
locations nowadays there are well-developed rural zones and distant locations, where many
farmers, smaller businesses concentrate their main locations, as these locations real estate and the
land is cheaper. However, this does not resolve the problem of delivery, which becomes more
and more problematic.
Several works already considered this problem [5] and many times the authors tried to streamline
the delivery paths and wanted to go beyond their possibilities. For re-sellers it is important to
save on costs as much as possible and keep the very good service. One of the costs, where the re-
seller still loses is the transportation to the re-sellers’ depots or packing points and then a
calculation of the delivery should go further.
As known, the last-mile [6] delivery is currently regarded as one of the most expensive and least
efficient portions of the entire supply chain.
This idea was observed in detail by Reyes and Taniguchi [7-8], based on the generalized vehicle
routing problem (vendors’ truck fleet in the given case) with time windows that have been
explored. The study of Reyes, which also considered the earlier publications of urban and rural
areas [9] proved that fleet of trucks type of delivery, could reduce total distances up to 40% for an
application in the city of Atlanta. This research intends to build on the current state of the art by
integrating the notion of travel time uncertainty.
Thus, one of the alternative solutions would be a Drop-ship implementation by the partner or sub-
contracting network, delivering orders, submitted at one network, validated via another network
for availability with subsequent implementation of the order by partner or subcontracting
network, as in Figure 3.
Figure. 3. The simplified scheme of how the client sees the order delivery process
5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 6, December 2020
37
As a very simple and direct solution the fleet of trucks for vendors cruising around the United
States and delivery items, but the costs for truck maintenance and payments for the use of the
service increases annually.
For the drop-ship solution currently, the availability validation may be done in various ways like
EDI interface or Punch-out implementation, which is quite popular in the eCommerce world.
1.2. Analysis of Recent Research and Publications
The solution proposed is aimed mainly to optimize the e-commerce processes, help vendors and
customers to get their orders in the best and cost-effective way. These intentions are highlighted
in various publications directed to technical, economical sciences and a great deal of them still
lies in the aspect of logistics optimization as well as forecasts of the upcoming infrastructural
changes.
To cover this multidisciplinary approach let us disclose the existing relationships between e-
commerce investigations made for shipments deliveries [3], including domains of domestic
deliveries [4], rural areas deliveries [6-8], customer purchasing habits [11], simulation of
deliveries in e-commerce systems.
The authors highlighted the approach of integration of delivery [2] were combined with the e-
commerce solution with API services provided at the existing market. Overlapping of that work
with publications of Routhier (2013) and Morganti and Dablanc (2014) uncovered the city and
outside city delivery approach covering the transportation perspective and possible ways of
further optimizations in that domain. Authors constantly suggested considering the direct and
combined approaches of using the transportation system to optimize the time of delivery,
however, the time is not always leading to a cost-effective solution.
Uwe Clausen, Christian Geiger (2016) in their hands-on testing of the last mile concept tried to
cover the problems of building the optimal logistic way for larger vehicles using creating the
Urban Consolidation Centers. However, this covers only the part of approaches that
contemporary e-commerce systems have to consider, and smaller and medium enterprises may
not arrange such centers on their own. Besides the approaches reviewed for Europe are not
always easily applicable to the US with the higher distances and wider distribution of centres.
Reichheld and Schefter (2000), Abrham et al. (2015), Zelazny (2017) or Ehrenberger et al.
(2015) observe that there is a significant relationship between long-term growth of companies’
profitability and customer purchase intention [13] however that indicated a good insight that
analyzing mid-size companies and trace the turnover and orders circulation it will be easier to
identify the dependencies between the options people usually chooses and possible shipment
options the current vendors can offer.
For testing data generators many researchers applied Monte Carlo methods, among them, are
Sakas, Vlachos, (2014) to create simulations when the mean and variances are known – for our
research we can use it to easier generate the experimental data for the current research. The
authors decided to apply the Monte Carlo method based on recent researches [14 - 15] described
in this work as this suits best the nature of the research performed and reflects statistical inference
regarding the original sampling domain. For the first step of the simulation, we have taken the
original entries of orders accumulated in the test ERP and a very similar distribution will be
generated with the Monte Carlo method. Comparison of Monte Carlo with the “what if” method
gives better confidence intervals, that will give a better approximation.
6. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 6, December 2020
38
2. THE METHOD
In a simplified view, the conceptual framework of the interaction of the re-sellers’ eCommerce
solution with vendors and delivery networks can be presented as in Figure 4.
Figure. 4. The conceptual framework for a delivery network, from an operators’ point of
view. Adapted from [4]
So, in the current investigation, let us generate hundreds of orders based on real addresses of user
form the Web-shop database and attempt to:
- Rate-shop those with World Wide Carriers (WW carriers) like UPS and FedEx with the
basket compositions to export from sample shops.
- Select Pick-Up delivery from the nearest location (according to [10-11] it still gives a lot of
benefits from an economic point of view).
- Use the truck fleet of the vendor for distant deliveries with the truck cost taken per ride.
- Use the Drop-Ship delivery from other networks.
Allocate an option to deliver via partner network, which will be the fleet of the supplier, which
anyways deliver the parcels to the online sellers. Drop-ship service is also having costs, but these
costs are covered with the Dealer Discount rate, which can be still considered as a benefit. For the
given task and simplicity let us set up the discount on delivery costs to 5%.
For a given investigation of the products selected is not that important, as at Step 2a important is
the weight of the basket assembled. To mitigate the risk that clients will not be satisfied with
generated basket fetching their order – authors filtered out orders that are having too high prices
for delivery since that is obvious the customers may give up delivering them.
Dimensional values for products are not important, the focus is on the selection of the delivery
per weights and the range of weight will be between 60, which still falls into International
deliveries and is already interested in LTL service providers and are both good for Own and
Supplier’s truck fleets.
7. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 6, December 2020
39
The same is applied for Drop-ship deliveries, as they are approaching the same channels as
normal orders fulfilled by the companies, even though the delivery costs for other networks may
be way less due to a better location.
For the experiment taken 4 US companies where the vendor provides the goods for re-seller, who
sell the products to the customer. Having statistical information on these companies the authors
can compare the results of simulations with orders that were found and compared in the system
via scanning the database and comparing the costs incurred to date. The companies are selected
in pares to investigate 2 fleets of re-sellers versus the fleet of vendors for delivery of drop-ship
orders.
The analysis of the results will be presented in the context of how much costs the customer saves
with the time window not more than 1 day longer than the vendor’s truck fleet, which is a
guaranteed way of delivery.
3. RESULTS
Using the Monte Carlo method there were generated n orders in 4 networks located in California
and distributed across 4 networks S1, R2, R3, and S4 that have the following distribution of
clients per with urban and rural zones and percentage of network with the distant rural zone (see
the Table 1).
Table 1. Distribution of the network with rural and urban zones
Netw Classification
Urban zone
clients
Rural zone
clients
Orders
generated for a
week
% of Rural
distant zone
orders
S1 Supplier of R2 210 380 1200 30
R2 Re-seller of S1 and S4 250 320 1800 25
R3 Re-seller of S4 200 180 1300 45
S4 Supplier of R1 and R2 320 260 1500 26
There is no overlapping of clients between networks; however, dependencies of Supplier and Re-
seller are given in the column Network Dependencies and orders distributions.
It has been performed 8 simulations (by 2 runs for each type of simulation to calculate the
deviation) using Test Dynamics NAV (Enterprise Resource Planning system) custom developed
add-on feeding the system with Delivery addresses of a given distribution of Rural Distant zone
orders and called the Online and network services for the price calculation. A custom add-on is
developed based on Retail Add-on that can trace the system of discounts and particularly evaluate
the behavior of the customer. The ease of use of this Add-on got rid of behavioral model
validation, as Retail Add-on collects the customer orders in the context of basket composition and
the selected shipping method.
Method Monte-Carlo is used to check if the number of the rural distant zone is more than 10%
deviation from setting up original parameters as recommended in [11].
The number of generated orders is controlled by several parameters, that specify the distribution
canters, within the area. We are using the uniform distributions of orders around the average
order.
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40
The locations of customers and network canters are fixed and they are failing into exponential
distributions. In [15] authors also validated the traces using uniform distribution to simulate
locations obeys the observed exponential distribution.
When the Monte-Carlo method was applied, the following distribution of the carriers was made
across networks (see Table2).
A comparison of orders generated by the Monte-Carlo method is shown in the last column of the
table.
Table 2. Distribution of the selection for Far rural zone
Carriers
Average price per order
with the same weight
S1 R2 R3 S4 % of deviation
FedEx 120 USD 219 73 41 - 12
Vendor Truck 80 USD 301 523 162 400 18
Supplier Truck 75 USD 490 18 212 5 20
PickUP location 20 USD* 130 186 395 265 38
Total - 1140 800 810 670 -
*The price per pick-up appeared due to the fact of overdue for taking orders from location center
Including into simulation the factor of cancellation of pick-up locations (distributors may
potentially cancel delivery to a specific location) and see how the average price impacts the
customer if they keep selecting the rest of vendors. The first run shows that customers start
selecting either Supplier truck or FedEx, especially if the weight combination comes closer to the
FedEx edge weight of 60 kg (See Table 3).
Table 3. Second simulation results overview
Carriers
Average price per order with
the same weight
S1 R2 R3 S4
% of
deviation
FedEx 100 USD 393 57 432 260 22
Vendor Truck 80 USD 17 48 65 24 18
Supplier Truck 75 USD 730 695 497 386 15
Total - 1140 800 810 670
Results were reviewed with the descent analysis of the simulation results and, due to the fact the
ERP generation add-on is used, the dependency of the Vendor Truck, which delivers to the pick-
up location of Supplier organization, that chain was filtered.
To avoid gaps in the behavioral model it was decided to export data from Google Analytics
Extended (supplied by Google Tag Manager) choice preferences versus a list of available vendors
and repeat the simulation. It was found that the generation add-on is trying to mimic the web-
shop user’s behavior in case of the absence of Pickup location following the tendency of the
user’s choice.
As an additional limitation, it was decided to exclude FedEx. At this moment of simulation, it
became easier to trace that customers’ orders became in the status of Dropped, as some users
indeed were leaving web-shops not finding the guaranteed delivery provider. According to [12]
the variety of delivery methods for the B2C segment should have a wider range of prices for
delivery, then the choice of the customer will be either in favor or cheapest or most reliable
carrier (personal user preference). However, B2B users in this simulation behaved exactly like
9. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 6, December 2020
41
B2C customers, preferring to abandon the basket or order and leave, rather than select the
cheapest option. However, another tendency was noticed, that abandoned baskets were noticed
from the users, who reached the limit of the price they are ready to pay; thus, the factor of the
economy played an important role. The last attempt of simulation is taken with the assumption
that the customer may use the Vendor's truck for the same price as the supplier, but the additional
day may be added to the total route time (see Table IV).
Table 4. Forth simulation results overview
Carriers
Average price per order
with the same weight
S1 R2 R3 S4
% of
deviation
Vendor Truck 75 USD 621 729 549 493 20
Supplier Truck 75 USD 519 71 261 177 22
Total - 1140 800 810 670
As it is seen from the results the clients behaved more reluctant to the delay in 1 day, however,
they selected the home delivery via the Vendor's truck, rather than the supplier. I assume this
happened due to the price change and most probably, no competence with the supplier appeared a
key factor for Vendors' truck network. This also proves the statements described in [12] that users
ordering bigger deliveries are usually more reluctant to have guaranteed delivery, rather than
have it fast, but the tendency is equivalent for both: B2B and B2C segments as it is also indicated
in [13].
Worth mentioning that 45% of Supplier Trucks were also implemented via Drop-Ship orders,
which seriously lowered the costs for S4 in particular.
The current investigation is complete, however during the investigation, it was identified, that
simulation of orders creation with the only ERP data without analytical data will only indicate the
quantitative part, without the qualitative part that can be filled with additional statistical data per
customer on personal preferences of choices in different cases of orders created in the live
systems and presence or absence of the carrier in certain circumstances. Thus, adding Google
Analytics Extended data on user choice allowed us to complete the investigation.
Google Analytics covered the validation of Users Acceptance Testing (UAT) and reflection of
their behavior for generated orders. Additionally, the use of Google Analytics given an insight
into the comparison of generated orders and directed to UAT for different groups of users during
the application testing and run-down tests performed in all 4 companies selected.
Table 5, indicating the coverage of orders by comparison of generated orders and directed to
UAT with orders recently submitted in the system (completed orders) will serve as the validation
baseline for the approach suggested.
Table 5. Coverage of the real orders for Far rural zones* that correspond to generated orders per simulation
Carriers
Average price per order
with the same weight
S1, % R2, % R3, % S4, %
% of
deviation
FedEx 120 USD 92 92 86 75 18
Vendor Truck 80 USD 90 87 95 65 20
Supplier Truck 75 USD 89 68 73 85 22
PickUP location 20 USD* 76 64 86 92 19
Average - 87.65 77.75 85 79.25 23
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42
* Far Rural zones are distantly located areas having lower delivery capacities, mostly
implemented by private delivery networks and lower flows of international carriers, and 40% of
them are implemented by Drop-Ship networks.
As we see, generated orders have rather high coverage from the data perspective and lie in the
frame of deviations we calculated recently (Table 6.).
Table 6. Coverage of the real orders for Domestic zones that correspond to generated orders per simulation
Carriers
Average price per
order with the same
weight
S1, % R2, % R3, % S4, %
% of
deviation
FedEx 120 USD 97 92 95 97 15
Vendor Truck 80 USD 90 92 90 96 17
Supplier Truck 75 USD 95 88 89 87 16
PickUP location 20 USD* 90 89 86 92 20
Average - 93 90.25 90 93 21
A higher level of coverage for orders generated for domestic zones is relatively easy to explain
from the perspective of a higher number of orders generated for domestic zones.
4. CONCLUSIONS
The series of simulations performed given a possibility to evaluate the behavior of users in case
of absence of usual carriers and taking the decision of cheaper solution It also demonstrates
options the web-shop owner may offer to the mid and small-size businesses alternative delivery
services, where the drop-ship of vendor delivers to the final destination or drop-point with
minimal costs if the additional discount is given to keep the order fulfillment. As a continuation
of this work can be developed and on-line web-service to support delivery network visualizing
deliveries of vendors and re-sellers, where all packages can be loaded into the truck, correct the
route, and deliver goods and services with Vendor's fleet, as long as the route and discount
permits.
To apply the current solution to the real industrial case will involve the expansion of the Vendor
and Re-seller networks sharing the same data model for orders and street validation. In the case
of contemporary ERP systems use that should not be a very difficult problem, however, it may
involve additional 3-rd party services.
Introduction of the Drop-Ship orders into the scheme seriously decreased the costs of delivery,
which may be recommended to industries, especially where delivery costs are significant.
The paper highlighted the combination of approaches of drop-ship deliveries and selection of
different routes for total costs optimization and indicated that the behavior of the client is not
always driven by economic circumstances, but also by habits and tendencies of customers, so
well described in [7].
For future investigations, authors will involve Google Tag Manager data, collected for customers,
as the import of options for checkout selection helped discover how customers may potentially
abandon basket if they do not see the option of the habitual carrier or the price for the order
versus delivery cost exceeds a specific limit.
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REFERENCES
[1] Forrester Analytics (2018). Forrester Online Retail Forecast, 2018 to 2023 (US).
[2] Yanchuk V. Gumenyuk A., Tkachuk A integrated add-ons for shipment providers and their
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[4] Morganti, E., Dablanc, L., Fortin, F., 2014. Final deliveries for online shopping: The deployment of
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AUTHORS
Valentyn Yanchuk, Associate Professor at the Department of Automation and Computer-Integrated
Technologies named after Prof. B.B. Samotokin, Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr,
Ukraine
Valentyn Yanchuk, born in 1975, received a Candidate of Technical Sciences degree
(Ph.D.) from the Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering, National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IMPE) in 2002. Since 1997, he has been working
in the field of Software Engineering and Information Technologies at the Zhytomyr
Polytechnic State University, where he is currently working at the position of
Associate Professor and in the practical field of IT business. His research interests
include software engineering, business analysis, computer-based modeling, E-
Commerce. He has published several papers and proceedings in the journals and
material of conferences.
12. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 6, December 2020
44
Assoc. Prof. Andrii Tkachuk, Head of the Department of Automation and Computer-Integrated
Technologies named after prof. B.B. Samotokin, Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr,
Ukraine.
Andrii Tkachuk, born in 1989, received a Candidate of Technical Sciences degree
from the National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute",
Ukraine, in 2014. Since 2012, he has been working in the field of information
technologies, automation, and robotics at the Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University.
Andrii Tkachuk is an Expert of the Scientific Council of the Ministry of Education
and Science of Ukraine, a Board member of NGO “Youth integration center”. His
research interests include information technologies, automated aviation gravimetric
systems, mobile robotics, armament stabilization systems. He has published several
papers in international journals, is a reviewer of The scientific journal Aviation which is included in the
Scopus database.
Dmytro Antoniuk, Assistant Professor of the Department of Software Engineering, Zhytomyr Polytechnic
State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
Dmytro Antoniuk, born in 1981, received a Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences degree
(Ph.D.) from the Institute of Information Technologies and Learning Tools, Ukraine,
in 2018. Since 2003, he has been working in the field of Software Engineering and
Information Technologies at the Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, where he is
currently an Assistant Professor of the Department of Software Engineering and in
the practical field of IT business. His research interests include software engineering,
business in IT, computer-based business-simulation, economic and financial literacy
of technical professionals. He has published several papers and proceedings in the
journals and material of conferences.
Dr. Tetiana Vakaliuk, professor of the Department of Software Engineering, Zhytomyr Polytechnic State
University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine.
Tetiana Vakaliuk, born in 1983, received a Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences degree
from the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Ukraine, in 2013, and a
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences degree from the Institute of Information Technologies
and Learning Tools of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in 2019. Since
2019, she has been working in the field of information technologies at the Zhytomyr
Polytechnic State University. Her research interests include information technologies,
ICT in Education, Cloud technologies. She has published several papers in
international journals, is a member of editorial boards of Information Technologies
and Learning Tools, Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University Journal: Рedagogical Sciences, Collection of
Scientific Papers of Uman State Pedagogical University.
Anna Humeniuk Associate Professor at the Department of Automation and
Computer-Integrated Technologies named after Prof. B.B. Samotokin, Zhytomyr
Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
Anna Humeniuk, born in 1986, received a Candidate of Technical Sciences degree
(Ph.D.) from the National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv
Polytechnic Institute" in 2011. Her scientific interests include automated measuring
systems, gravimetry, flexible manufacturing system design automation. She has published several papers
and proceedings in the journals and material of conferences.