Sheet1PMGT 576 Assignment Rubric – Unit 8 Assignment20Is the Lean Canvas complete? Do each of the canvas sections demonstrate a clear understanding of the question or item posed? 20Do each of the canvas sections provide a clear, concise, and reasonable approach or description in addressing each one?20Does the canvas demonstrate creativity and innovation in addressing each of the sections?25The text is grammatically correct and there are no spelling or punctuation errors. 15Total100 CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 1/10 Name:_________________________ Instructor: ___________ Section: ___ MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS One of the tenets of cell theory is that all cells come from pre-existing cells. All individual organisms begins with one cell, and yet in multicellular organisms the number of cells in the adult may be in the trillions. This requires cells to repeatedly divide during the life of an organism. The average adult human body is made up of about 37 trillion cells. Of these, approximately 50 billion are fat cells and 2 billion are heart muscle cells. By the time you finish reading this sentence, 50 million of your cells will have died and been replaced by others. Human cells are estimated to divide nearly 2 trillion times every day. Amazingly, humans contain at least 10 times as many bacteria cells as human cells. The 100 trillion bacterial cells are much smaller than human cells and have a faster generation time. Mitosis and meiosis are two processes that produce new cells through cell division, which occurs as a part of the cell cycle. The new “daughter” cells produced by these processes are quite different because they have different purposes. These differences occur because the processes have several key differences as outlined in the video lecture. You will be doing several lab activities examining mitosis and meiosis and what can happen if problems occur during these cell division processes. Why are we doing this lab? 1. To gain a better understanding of the mitotic and meiotic processes of cell division that occur in humans and all other animals. 2. To examine how issues in mitosis and meiosis can lead to diseases and disorders in humans. CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 2/10 Background: Phases of mitosis For each phase, draw and label: a. Chromatin or chromosomes b. Centrosomes c. Microtubules/spindle d. Cell membrane CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 3/10 Activity 1: Mitosis under the microscope 1. Use Google images of mitosis (Google “mitosis of onion root tip”) to identify cells in interphase and all phases of mitosis. Cells in…Interphase will have chromatin, not distinct chromosomes Prophase will have distinctly visible chromosomes Metaphase will have chromosomes lined up along the equator of the cell Anaphase will have chromosomes separating at the centromeres Telophase will have chromosomes decondensing into chromatin and a .

1. Sheet1PMGT 576 Assignment Rubric – Unit 8 Assignment20Is
the Lean Canvas complete? Do each of the canvas sections
demonstrate a clear understanding of the question or item
posed? 20Do each of the canvas sections provide a clear,
concise, and reasonable approach or description in addressing
each one?20Does the canvas demonstrate creativity and
innovation in addressing each of the sections?25The text is
grammatically correct and there are no spelling or punctuation
errors. 15Total100
CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 1/10
Name:_________________________
Instructor: ___________ Section: ___
MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
One of the tenets of cell theory is that all cells come from pre-
existing cells. All individual
organisms begins with one cell, and yet in multicellular
organisms the number of cells in the
adult may be in the trillions. This requires cells to repeatedly
divide during the life of an
organism.

2. The average adult human body is made up of about 37 trillion
cells. Of these, approximately 50
billion are fat cells and 2 billion are heart muscle cells. By the
time you finish reading this
sentence, 50 million of your cells will have died and been
replaced by others. Human cells are
estimated to divide nearly 2 trillion times every day.
Amazingly, humans contain at least 10
times as many bacteria cells as human cells. The 100 trillion
bacterial cells are much smaller
than human cells and have a faster generation time.
Mitosis and meiosis are two processes that produce new cells
through cell division, which occurs
as a part of the cell cycle. The new “daughter” cells produced
by these processes are quite
different because they have different purposes. These
differences occur because the processes
have several key differences as outlined in the video lecture.
You will be doing several lab
activities examining mitosis and meiosis and what can happen if
problems occur during these
cell division processes.

3. Why are we doing this lab?
1. To gain a better understanding of the mitotic and meiotic
processes of cell division that
occur in humans and all other animals.
2. To examine how issues in mitosis and meiosis can lead to
diseases and disorders in
humans.
CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 2/10
Background: Phases of mitosis
For each phase, draw and label:
a. Chromatin or chromosomes
b. Centrosomes
c. Microtubules/spindle
d. Cell membrane

4. CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 3/10
Activity 1: Mitosis under the microscope
1. Use Google images of mitosis (Google “mitosis of onion root
tip”) to identify cells in
interphase and all phases of mitosis.
Cells in…Interphase will have chromatin, not distinct
chromosomes
Prophase will have distinctly visible chromosomes
Metaphase will have chromosomes lined up along the equator of
the cell
Anaphase will have chromosomes separating at the centromeres
Telophase will have chromosomes decondensing into chromatin
and a cell wall
(plant cell) or cleavage furrow (animal cell) forming
1. Observe the box-like cells that are arranged in rows. The
cells have been stained to make
the chromosomes of the cells clearly visible. Make sure to focus
on the larger cells just

5. above the root cap of many new small cells.
2. Select a cell whose chromosomes are clearly visible and
sketch it in the first box below.
3. Look around at the cells again. As you look around, you may
notice that some cells
appear to be empty (no dark nucleus or visible chromosomes).
Ignore these – cells are
three dimensional and we are only looking at thin slices that
may not include genetic
material. Select four other cells whose internal appearances are
different from each other
and the first one that you sketched. Sketch them in the boxes
below.
4. Using your notes, identify the stage of each of your 5 cells in
Fig. 1 and write it below the
cell.

6. Cells in…Interphase will have chromatin, not distinct
chromosomes
Prophase will have distinctly visible chromosomes
Metaphase will have chromosomes lined up along the equator of
the cell
Anaphase will have chromosomes separating at the centromeres
Telophase will have chromosomes decondensing into chromatin
and a cell wall
(plant cell) or cleavage furrow (animal cell) forming
Fig. 1. Your drawings 5 different onion root cells with different
internal appearances
CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 4/10
Analysis (answer each question in the space provided)
1. What is the data of mitosis? Explain how you know.

7. 2. What is the theory of mitosis? Explain how you know.
3. What evidence shows that mitosis is a continuous process
rather than a series of separate
events?
4. The onion plant began as a single cell, as do humans. If the
cell had X number of
chromosomes (the exact number doesn’t matter), how many
chromosomes are in each of
the cells that you observed? Give your answer in terms of X.
How do you know?

8. 5. If the onion plant then went on to reproduce sexually, it
would need to produce gametes
by the process of meiosis. After meiosis, how many
chromosomes would be in each cell?
Give your answer in terms of X. How do you know?
CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 5/10
6. If the gametes of this onion plant then completed the process
of fertilization, how many
chromosomes would be in the resulting zygote? Give your
answer in terms of X. How do
you know?

9. 7. What would happen if the process of mitosis skipped
anaphase? How many daughter
cells would result? How many chromosomes would be in the
resulting daughter cells?
Give your answer in terms of X.