Sheet1Balance Sheet (Projected)Company XYZBeginningProjectedProjectedProjectedas of mm/dd/yyyy12/31/1912/31/2012/31/21AssetsCurrent AssetsCash in bank$ -$ -Accounts receivable--Inventory--Prepaid expenses--Other current assets--Total Current Assets$ -$ -Fixed AssetsMachinery & equipment$ -$ -Furniture & fixtures--Leasehold improvements--Land & buildings--Other fixed assets--(LESS accumulated depreciation on all fixed assets)--Total Fixed Assets (net of depreciation)$ -$ -Other AssetsIntangibles$ -$ -Deposits--Goodwill--Other--Total Other Assets$ -$ -TOTAL Assets$ -$ -Liabilities and EquityCurrent LiabilitiesAccounts payable$ -$ -Interest payable--Taxes payable--Notes, short-term (due within 12 months)--Current part, long-term debt--Other current liabilities--Total Current Liabilities$ -$ -Long-term DebtBank loans payable$ -$ -Notes payable to stockholders--LESS: Short-term portion--Other long term debt--Total Long-term Debt$ -$ -Total Liabilities$ -$ -Owners' EquityInvested capital$ -$ -Retained earnings - beginning--Retained earnings - current--Total Owners' Equity$ -$ -Total Liabilities & Equity$ -$ -
Totals are calculated automatically.
Make sure to enter this as a negative number!
Make sure to enter this as a negative number!
Sheet2
Sheet3
Twelve-month cash flowCash Flow (12 months)Enter Company Name HereFiscal Year Begins:Jan-18Pre-Startup ESTJan-19Feb-19Mar-19Apr-19May-19Jun-19Jul-19Aug-19Sep-19Oct-19Nov-19Dec-19Total Item ESTCash on Hand (beginning of month)0000000000000CASH RECEIPTSCash SalesCollections fm CR accountsLoan/ other cash inj.TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS00000000000000Total Cash Available (before cash out)00000000000000CASH PAID OUTPurchases (merchandise)Purchases (specify)Purchases (specify)Gross wages (exact withdrawal)Payroll expenses (taxes, etc.)Outside servicesSupplies (office & oper.)Repairs & maintenanceAdvertisingCar, delivery & travelAccounting & legalRentTelephoneUtilitiesInsuranceTaxes (real estate, etc.)InterestOther expenses (specify)Other (specify)Other (specify)MiscellaneousSUBTOTAL00000000000000Loan principal paymentCapital purchase (specify)Other startup costsReserve and/or EscrowOwners' WithdrawalTOTAL CASH PAID OUT00000000000000Cash Position (end of month)00000000000000ESSENTIAL OPERATING DATA (non cash flow information)Sales Volume (dollars)Accounts ReceivableBad Debt (end of month)Inventory on hand (eom)Accounts Payable (eom)Depreciation
Totals are calculated automatically.
Instructions
Notes on Preparation
Note: You may want to print this information to use as reference later. To delete these instructions, click the border of this text box and then press the DELETE key.
Refer back to your Profit & Loss Projection. Line-by-line ask yourself when you should expect cash to come and go. You have already done a sales projection, now you must predict when you will actually collect from customers. On the expense side, you have previously projected expen.
This presentation was made at the Washington Area Community Investment Fund (Wacif). This presentation goes over how to use financial statements and tools to make decisions.
Financial plan and controll entrepreneurshipfatimanajam4
This file is uploaded to help the students learning finance easier. It will give a general understanding of planning and controlling of financial resources.
This presentation was made at the Washington Area Community Investment Fund (Wacif). This presentation goes over how to use financial statements and tools to make decisions.
Financial plan and controll entrepreneurshipfatimanajam4
This file is uploaded to help the students learning finance easier. It will give a general understanding of planning and controlling of financial resources.
IntroductionThe Big Calculating Tool ™ for your annual reportCalcu.docxvrickens
IntroductionThe Big Calculating Tool ™ for your annual reportCalculating financial ratios is an important part of analyzing an annual report for a public company. Using this calculating tool can help you make the task much easier.Analyzing trends is a vital aspect of interpreting the financial data in an annual report. Not only will the Big Calculating Tool crunch the numbers for you, it will also display the data with line and bar charts. You will quickly be able to see and identify the important financial trends.The financial data is arranged from left to right with the most recent financial data appearing in the leftmost column. This is consistent with how financial data is reported on the financial statements of your annual report. Trend information and charts are arranged with the most recent data appearing in the rightmost column. This is consistent with the manner in which trend data and historical charts are generally displayed.You won't waste time crunching numbers. You’ll have more time to get under the hood of your annual report and understand what is happening in your company.You'll find an individual worksheet for each calculation along with a worksheet for the balance sheet, statement of operations and statement of cash flows.Clicking on the hyperlinks in the Table of Calculations will take you right to the financial data, trend information and trend charts.Copyright DA Bittar and Associates 2012, 2013
InstructionsHow to Use the Big Calculating ToolFollow these instructions and the Big Calculating Tool will crunch all of the numbers for you.1) Enter your setup data in the yellow fields.Enter your Company's official name here:XYZ Company Inc.Current YearPrevious YearNext Previous YearEnter the fiscal years for the SEC Forms 10K here:201420132011201420132011Enter the price per share of common stock here:$58.000$58.000$58.0002) How to enter your Company's financial data into The Big CalculatorBalance SheetSubstitute the values in the spreadsheet for the values from your Company's Balance Sheet. You may also change the account descriptions to match those used by your Company.Statement of OperationsSubstitute the values in the spreadsheet for the values from your Company's Statement of Operations. You may also change the account descriptions to match those used by your Company.Statement of Cash FlowsSubstitute the values in the spreadsheet for the values from your Company's Statement of Cash Flows. You may also change the account descriptions to match those used by your Company.
Table of CalculationsTable of Calculations(Click on the 'Go Arrow' Buttons below to view the calculations)Question 4.7 – First look at the company’s strengthQuestion 4.10 - Debt to equity and the competitionQuestion 4.15 - The big questions. Are they makin' money? Are they lookin' good?Question 4.17 - How strong is your company's cash position?Question 4.18 - How well can your company pay its bills?Question 4.19 - How leveraged is your comp ...
Financial statement analysis is the process of reviewing and evaluating a company's financial statements (such as the balance sheet or profit and loss statement), thereby gaining an understanding of the financial health of the company and enabling more effective decision making. Financial statements record financial data; however, this information must be evaluated through financial statement analysis to become more useful to investors, shareholders, managers and other interested parties.
Joel Humphrey of Freelandt Caldwell Reilly LLP discusses how to create a sales forecast, developing your budgets and examples of cash flow projections.
Facilitator: Robbie Dircks, Associate Director & CFO, University of North Carolina Press
Panelists: Mike Bieker, Director, University of Arkansas Press; Dan Wackrow, Chief Financial and Operating Officer, Harvard University Press
10 Ways to Prepare a Cash Flow Statement Model That Actually Balances_Rephras...Invoicera
The cash flow statement shows how much cash a business brings in and spends over a period of time. It's important for businesses to understand their cash flow because it helps them see if they have enough money to cover their expenses.
We know you’re a genius. You’re building a phenomenal company, one that may change the world, but you never took or don’t remember what you learned in that Accounting Class.
Often entrepreneurs drown in paperwork and receipts as they try to flush our their business plan. It’s important to keep your books straight from the beginning and keep track of the most important thing: the money. In this hands on workshop, we will take you back to basics, covering the fundamental metrics and financial accounting principles that will make or break your startup.
Expert:
Dan Allred – Silicon Valley Bank
www.thecapitalnetwork.org
Branches of Accounting What You Need to Know When Writing an Assignment.pdfMatt Brown
Accounting is a fascinating and complex field, so it can be hard to know where to start when writing an assignment. This article will give a couple of supportive tips to fanning out into new areas of bookkeeping. You will be better able to write about the various accounting fields accurately and thoroughly if you comprehend them. When writing your next assignment, keep these suggestions in mind!
Kenn Saddler, a B2B CFO partner, talks to 'The Alternative Board' about the importance of cash flow in operating a business. As Ken says, "It's all about the cash."
Financial Planning - Joel Humphrey (Freelandt Caldwell Reilly LLP)NORCAT
Joel Humphrey, partner at Freelandt Caldwell Reilly LLP returns to ENT101 to discuss financing for start-ups.
Joel works with many of the firm’s start-up clients to review business plans, develop financial forecasts, map out cash flow strategies and arrange financing requirements. With Joel’s extensive experience with young companies, this lecture will be extremely informative for all levels.
Watch the presentation at http://www.norcat.org/ent-101/season-3-lectures/
Sheet1Rate your skills using the following scaleChapter 1 You Ma.docxbjohn46
Sheet1Rate your skills using the following scale:Chapter 1: You Make A DifferenceChapter 2: Credibility is the Foundation of Leadership1= Strongly Disagree4= AgreeQuestionScoreQuestionScore2= Disagree5= Strongly Agree20403= Partly Agree20090230140Total0Total01. Balance focusing on the future with an understanding of the present and events from the past.Chapter 3: Values Drive CommitmentChapter 4: Focusing on the Future Sets Leaders Apart2. Maintain self-awareness in external challenges or unexpected events.QuestionScoreQuestionScore70103. Support others in achieving their objectives through regular one-on-one meetings.1101502601604. Take time regularly to get updated on current events.Total0Total05. In conversation, provide undivided attention, show interest, and suspend judgment.Chapter 5: You Can’t Do It AloneChapter 6: Trust RulesQuestionScore6. Forthright and candid in all situations with all people.30QuestionScore170607. Show respect when questioning the ideas and opinions of others.250210Total02708. Take actions that create forward momentum.Total09. Attend industry functions and trade shows on a regular basis.Chapter 7: Challenge is the Crucible for GreatnessChapter 8: You Either Lead by Example or Don’t Lead At AllQuestionScoreQuestionScore10. Explore, identify, and define the nature, cause, and implications of problems.8013010018011. Demonstrate consistency between expressed beliefs, values, and actions.280240Total0Total012. Continuously give and receive feedback on results of learning efforts.13. Assess which role is most appropriate for the person and situation.Chapter 9: The Best Leaders Are The Best LearnersChapter 10: Leadership is an Affair of the HeartQuestionScoreQuestionScore14. Possess an understanding of business operations (budgeting, marketing, sales, etc.).1205019022030029015. Manage time in a way that balances personal and professional objectives.Total0Total016. Focus on actual results of a process or plan.17. Build relationships and ask questions to support a variety of initiatives.The totals from each chapter will show you your score.Refer to the range of scores to identify what type of further action you should take.18. Demonstrate an understanding of living and leading by example.3-6: Taking immediate action to improve your results is suggested.7-12: Develop action plans to be implemented over the next month.19. Identify and develop skills and effective behavior in others.13-15: You are performing well as a leader. Pinpoint areas to optimize your performance.20. Possess technical competencies to achieve relevant goals and objectives.21. Consistently and clearly communicates the desired results of a process or plan.22. Align people’s visions, values, goals, and action plans with bigger picture.23. Possess an understanding of industry trends.24. Identify and change self-defeating behaviors.25. Explore readiness to change and move ahead by knowing the stages of group development.26. Know what I value an.
Sheet1Quarter Sales PersonRegionQuarterly Sales31-MarSmithEast$75031-MarWilliamsEast$80031-MarJonesSouth$76531-MarWhiteWest$45631-MarJohnsonNorth$98731-MarTaylorWest$44331-MarYoungSouth$36831-MarHallEast$15930-JunSmithEast$1,20030-JunWilliamsEast$36930-JunJonesSouth$98030-JunWhiteWest$65030-JunJohnsonNorth$76030-JunTaylorWest$27830-JunYoungSouth$78030-JunHallEast$54730-SepSmithEast$69830-SepWilliamsEast$46730-SepJonesSouth$98330-SepWhiteWest$23730-SepJohnsonNorth$46930-SepTaylorWest$74030-SepYoungSouth$74930-SepHallEast$345
Rubric Detail
Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric's layout.
Content
Name: NURS_6501_Week4_Discussion_Rubric
· Grid View
· List View
Outstanding Performance
Excellent Performance
Competent Performance
Proficient Performance
Room for Improvement
Main Posting:
Response to the discussion question is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.
Points:
Points Range: 44 (44%) - 44 (44%)
Thoroughly responds to the discussion question(s)
is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.
supported by at least 3 current, credible sources
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 40 (40%) - 43 (43%)
Responds to the discussion question(s)
is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.
75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth
supported by at least 3 credible references
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 35 (35%) - 39 (39%)
Responds to most of the discussion question(s)
is somewhat reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.
50% of post has exceptional depth and breadth
supported by at least 3 credible references
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 31 (31%) - 34 (34%)
Responds to some of the discussion question(s)
one to two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed
is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis
somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.
post is cited with fewer than 2 credible references
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 0 (0%) - 30 (30%)
Does not respond to the discussion question(s)
lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria
lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis
does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.
contains only 1 or no credible references
Feedback:
Main Posting:
Writing
Points:
Points Range: 6 (6%) - 6 (6%)
Written clearly and concisely
Contains no grammatical or spelling errors
Fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 5.5 (5.5%) - 5.5 (5.5%)
Written clearly and concisely
May contain one or no .
More Related Content
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IntroductionThe Big Calculating Tool ™ for your annual reportCalculating financial ratios is an important part of analyzing an annual report for a public company. Using this calculating tool can help you make the task much easier.Analyzing trends is a vital aspect of interpreting the financial data in an annual report. Not only will the Big Calculating Tool crunch the numbers for you, it will also display the data with line and bar charts. You will quickly be able to see and identify the important financial trends.The financial data is arranged from left to right with the most recent financial data appearing in the leftmost column. This is consistent with how financial data is reported on the financial statements of your annual report. Trend information and charts are arranged with the most recent data appearing in the rightmost column. This is consistent with the manner in which trend data and historical charts are generally displayed.You won't waste time crunching numbers. You’ll have more time to get under the hood of your annual report and understand what is happening in your company.You'll find an individual worksheet for each calculation along with a worksheet for the balance sheet, statement of operations and statement of cash flows.Clicking on the hyperlinks in the Table of Calculations will take you right to the financial data, trend information and trend charts.Copyright DA Bittar and Associates 2012, 2013
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Table of CalculationsTable of Calculations(Click on the 'Go Arrow' Buttons below to view the calculations)Question 4.7 – First look at the company’s strengthQuestion 4.10 - Debt to equity and the competitionQuestion 4.15 - The big questions. Are they makin' money? Are they lookin' good?Question 4.17 - How strong is your company's cash position?Question 4.18 - How well can your company pay its bills?Question 4.19 - How leveraged is your comp ...
Financial statement analysis is the process of reviewing and evaluating a company's financial statements (such as the balance sheet or profit and loss statement), thereby gaining an understanding of the financial health of the company and enabling more effective decision making. Financial statements record financial data; however, this information must be evaluated through financial statement analysis to become more useful to investors, shareholders, managers and other interested parties.
Joel Humphrey of Freelandt Caldwell Reilly LLP discusses how to create a sales forecast, developing your budgets and examples of cash flow projections.
Facilitator: Robbie Dircks, Associate Director & CFO, University of North Carolina Press
Panelists: Mike Bieker, Director, University of Arkansas Press; Dan Wackrow, Chief Financial and Operating Officer, Harvard University Press
10 Ways to Prepare a Cash Flow Statement Model That Actually Balances_Rephras...Invoicera
The cash flow statement shows how much cash a business brings in and spends over a period of time. It's important for businesses to understand their cash flow because it helps them see if they have enough money to cover their expenses.
We know you’re a genius. You’re building a phenomenal company, one that may change the world, but you never took or don’t remember what you learned in that Accounting Class.
Often entrepreneurs drown in paperwork and receipts as they try to flush our their business plan. It’s important to keep your books straight from the beginning and keep track of the most important thing: the money. In this hands on workshop, we will take you back to basics, covering the fundamental metrics and financial accounting principles that will make or break your startup.
Expert:
Dan Allred – Silicon Valley Bank
www.thecapitalnetwork.org
Branches of Accounting What You Need to Know When Writing an Assignment.pdfMatt Brown
Accounting is a fascinating and complex field, so it can be hard to know where to start when writing an assignment. This article will give a couple of supportive tips to fanning out into new areas of bookkeeping. You will be better able to write about the various accounting fields accurately and thoroughly if you comprehend them. When writing your next assignment, keep these suggestions in mind!
Kenn Saddler, a B2B CFO partner, talks to 'The Alternative Board' about the importance of cash flow in operating a business. As Ken says, "It's all about the cash."
Financial Planning - Joel Humphrey (Freelandt Caldwell Reilly LLP)NORCAT
Joel Humphrey, partner at Freelandt Caldwell Reilly LLP returns to ENT101 to discuss financing for start-ups.
Joel works with many of the firm’s start-up clients to review business plans, develop financial forecasts, map out cash flow strategies and arrange financing requirements. With Joel’s extensive experience with young companies, this lecture will be extremely informative for all levels.
Watch the presentation at http://www.norcat.org/ent-101/season-3-lectures/
Sheet1Rate your skills using the following scaleChapter 1 You Ma.docxbjohn46
Sheet1Rate your skills using the following scale:Chapter 1: You Make A DifferenceChapter 2: Credibility is the Foundation of Leadership1= Strongly Disagree4= AgreeQuestionScoreQuestionScore2= Disagree5= Strongly Agree20403= Partly Agree20090230140Total0Total01. Balance focusing on the future with an understanding of the present and events from the past.Chapter 3: Values Drive CommitmentChapter 4: Focusing on the Future Sets Leaders Apart2. Maintain self-awareness in external challenges or unexpected events.QuestionScoreQuestionScore70103. Support others in achieving their objectives through regular one-on-one meetings.1101502601604. Take time regularly to get updated on current events.Total0Total05. In conversation, provide undivided attention, show interest, and suspend judgment.Chapter 5: You Can’t Do It AloneChapter 6: Trust RulesQuestionScore6. Forthright and candid in all situations with all people.30QuestionScore170607. Show respect when questioning the ideas and opinions of others.250210Total02708. Take actions that create forward momentum.Total09. Attend industry functions and trade shows on a regular basis.Chapter 7: Challenge is the Crucible for GreatnessChapter 8: You Either Lead by Example or Don’t Lead At AllQuestionScoreQuestionScore10. Explore, identify, and define the nature, cause, and implications of problems.8013010018011. Demonstrate consistency between expressed beliefs, values, and actions.280240Total0Total012. Continuously give and receive feedback on results of learning efforts.13. Assess which role is most appropriate for the person and situation.Chapter 9: The Best Leaders Are The Best LearnersChapter 10: Leadership is an Affair of the HeartQuestionScoreQuestionScore14. Possess an understanding of business operations (budgeting, marketing, sales, etc.).1205019022030029015. Manage time in a way that balances personal and professional objectives.Total0Total016. Focus on actual results of a process or plan.17. Build relationships and ask questions to support a variety of initiatives.The totals from each chapter will show you your score.Refer to the range of scores to identify what type of further action you should take.18. Demonstrate an understanding of living and leading by example.3-6: Taking immediate action to improve your results is suggested.7-12: Develop action plans to be implemented over the next month.19. Identify and develop skills and effective behavior in others.13-15: You are performing well as a leader. Pinpoint areas to optimize your performance.20. Possess technical competencies to achieve relevant goals and objectives.21. Consistently and clearly communicates the desired results of a process or plan.22. Align people’s visions, values, goals, and action plans with bigger picture.23. Possess an understanding of industry trends.24. Identify and change self-defeating behaviors.25. Explore readiness to change and move ahead by knowing the stages of group development.26. Know what I value an.
Sheet1Quarter Sales PersonRegionQuarterly Sales31-MarSmithEast$75031-MarWilliamsEast$80031-MarJonesSouth$76531-MarWhiteWest$45631-MarJohnsonNorth$98731-MarTaylorWest$44331-MarYoungSouth$36831-MarHallEast$15930-JunSmithEast$1,20030-JunWilliamsEast$36930-JunJonesSouth$98030-JunWhiteWest$65030-JunJohnsonNorth$76030-JunTaylorWest$27830-JunYoungSouth$78030-JunHallEast$54730-SepSmithEast$69830-SepWilliamsEast$46730-SepJonesSouth$98330-SepWhiteWest$23730-SepJohnsonNorth$46930-SepTaylorWest$74030-SepYoungSouth$74930-SepHallEast$345
Rubric Detail
Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric's layout.
Content
Name: NURS_6501_Week4_Discussion_Rubric
· Grid View
· List View
Outstanding Performance
Excellent Performance
Competent Performance
Proficient Performance
Room for Improvement
Main Posting:
Response to the discussion question is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.
Points:
Points Range: 44 (44%) - 44 (44%)
Thoroughly responds to the discussion question(s)
is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.
supported by at least 3 current, credible sources
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 40 (40%) - 43 (43%)
Responds to the discussion question(s)
is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.
75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth
supported by at least 3 credible references
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 35 (35%) - 39 (39%)
Responds to most of the discussion question(s)
is somewhat reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.
50% of post has exceptional depth and breadth
supported by at least 3 credible references
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 31 (31%) - 34 (34%)
Responds to some of the discussion question(s)
one to two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed
is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis
somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.
post is cited with fewer than 2 credible references
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 0 (0%) - 30 (30%)
Does not respond to the discussion question(s)
lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria
lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis
does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.
contains only 1 or no credible references
Feedback:
Main Posting:
Writing
Points:
Points Range: 6 (6%) - 6 (6%)
Written clearly and concisely
Contains no grammatical or spelling errors
Fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style
Feedback:
Points:
Points Range: 5.5 (5.5%) - 5.5 (5.5%)
Written clearly and concisely
May contain one or no .
Sheet1Quantity (miles of pipeline)Total CostTotal Fixed CostTotal .docxbjohn46
Sheet1Quantity (miles of pipeline)Total CostTotal Fixed CostTotal Variable CostAverage Fixed CostAverage Variable CostMarginal Cost0$ 5,000$ 5,0001,000$ 11,5732,000$ 18,2083,000$ 29,2674,000$ 44,7505,000$ 64,6576,000$ 88,9877,000$ 117,7408,000$ 150,9189,000$ 188,51810,000$ 230,54311,000$ 276,99112,000$ 327,86313,000$ 383,15914,000$ 442,87815,000$ 507,02116,000$ 575,58717,000$ 648,57718,000$ 725,99119,000$ 807,82820,000$ 894,08921,000$ 984,77422,000$ 1,079,88223,000$ 1,179,41424,000$ 1,283,37025,000$ 1,391,74926,000$ 1,504,55227,000$ 1,621,77828,000$ 1,743,42929,000$ 1,869,50230,000$ 2,000,000
Week 4
Will Fence owns a 70-acre large timber and Christmas tree farm. The Christmas farm gets busy in August and September when Will identifies and flags the trees suitable for Christmas season. Starting in October, the flagged trees will be cut, baled, and trucked to the storage yard where they will stay until shipped. The storage yard is situated in an area that offers shade and protection from the wind to maintain the freshness of the tree. The trees are stacked with the tops locked together to keep the sun and wind away from them.
Will has just purchased an additional 40 acres and will need to expand his storage yard by 40,000 square feet. The budget for this expansion is $55,000. Will has hired your team to design a process to contract resources to expand the storage yard.
Cover the following as requested by Will:
· Description of the contract resource procurement process (from start to closure).
· Explanation of how the contract resources procurement process that was described will assist Will in negotiating the best purchase.
· Explanation to Will why the team believes the process is efficient and achieves the results desired.
· Identification of any risks associated with procuring these resources and explanation of the role of risk management in this process.
· Explanation of how the process may be improved upon.
· Other recommendations the team may have for Will to consider.
Graphing Supply and Demand
Supply and demand are so important for both consumers and producers
because both of these concepts work together to determine the overall price
of an item, as well as the total quantity sold in a market. To see how this
works, we can show both on a graph such as you see in the header image
above.
Remember that demand is a relationship between price and the quantity that
consumers are willing and able to pay. This is an inverse, or negative,
relationship, in which the variable's price and quantity move in opposite
directions. This would be depicted as a downward sloping curve on a graph.
Similarly, supply is a relationship between the price of an item and the
quantity that producers are willing to supply. This is a direct, or positive,
relationship, in which the variable's price and quantity move in the same
direction. This would be depicted as an u.
Sheet1Pro Forma Income StatementYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Visi.docxbjohn46
Sheet1Pro Forma Income StatementYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Visits4,8825,1265,3825,6525,934Revenue Per Visit$450$450$450$450$450Gross RevenuePatient Reveue Gross Patient RevenueDeductions from Patient RevenueContractual Total Deductions from Revenue Net Patient Revenue$0$0$0$0$0Operating ExpensesSalaries and WagesEmployee BenefitsUtilitiesRepair/MaintenanceHousekeepingTelephone Service Depreciation MalpracticeMiscellaneous/OtherVariable Medical Supply CostsOther Non-Personnel Costs Total Operating ExpensesExcess of Rev over Exp. From Operations$0$0$0$0$0Cummulative Income$0$0$0$0$0Net Cash from Excess Rev (excl Depreciation)$0$0$0$0$0Cummulative Income Net Cash$0$0$0$0$0
Sheet2
Sheet3
Write an essay of about 750 to 1000 words, or 3 to 4 pages (double-
spaced), in response to the ALL the prompts below (4 Paragraphs) .
The relevant texts for Essay are the assigned:
* Sorensen, A Brief History of the Paradox, pp. 184- 185 on McTaggart
and pp. 173-176 on Augustine’s theory of time as subjective.
* David Lewis, “The Paradoxes of Time Travel”.
— Do not use any other outside sources! This is not a report on what
others have written about McTaggart or Lewis or time travel. This is
an exercise in thinking-by-writing!
Consider our discussions of, on one hand, McTaggart’s seemingly
paradoxical argument that time is “unreal” and, on the other hand,
Lewis’ account of the seemingly paradoxical possibility of time travel.
Write an essay in which you explore the potential “paradoxes” of time
we considered in McTaggart’s argument that “time is unreal” and in
Lewis’ account of time travel as “possible” in a “strange” possible world
(unlike our own).
Specifically, structure your narrative in response to the following
themes.
Paragraph 1: Explain the distinction between the “A series” and the “B
series” of time, as McTaggart introduced these terms. Why did
McTaggart think A time is more fundamental than B time? Why did he
think A time is impossible?
Paragraph 2: Explain Lewis’ distinction between “external time” and
“personal time”. How does Lewis’ distinction compare with
McTaggart’s distinction above?
Paragraph 3: Explain how, for Lewis, time travel is possible, even if
strange. What is a “person”, for Lewis? What then is “personal
identity”? How would the structure of a person over time, as Lewis
characterizes this form of personal identity, entail that a person could
travel either forward into the future or back into the past and encounter
“himself”/”herself”/”theirself” in a past or a future time?
Paragraph 4: Briefly: Do you find time travel, per Lewis, intuitively
possible? You may, if you like, consider the popular film “Back to the
Future” (1986), or you may consider how our imagination in science
fiction scenarios may address the possibility of time travel.
A U G U S T I N E ’S P R A G M A T I C P A R A D OX E S 173
became more alarming as philosophers became increasingly
persua.
Sheet1PMGT 576 Assignment Rubric – Unit 8 Assignment20Is the Lean .docxbjohn46
Sheet1PMGT 576 Assignment Rubric – Unit 8 Assignment20Is the Lean Canvas complete? Do each of the canvas sections demonstrate a clear understanding of the question or item posed? 20Do each of the canvas sections provide a clear, concise, and reasonable approach or description in addressing each one?20Does the canvas demonstrate creativity and innovation in addressing each of the sections?25The text is grammatically correct and there are no spelling or punctuation errors. 15Total100
CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 1/10
Name:_________________________
Instructor: ___________ Section: ___
MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
One of the tenets of cell theory is that all cells come from pre-existing cells. All individual
organisms begins with one cell, and yet in multicellular organisms the number of cells in the
adult may be in the trillions. This requires cells to repeatedly divide during the life of an
organism.
The average adult human body is made up of about 37 trillion cells. Of these, approximately 50
billion are fat cells and 2 billion are heart muscle cells. By the time you finish reading this
sentence, 50 million of your cells will have died and been replaced by others. Human cells are
estimated to divide nearly 2 trillion times every day. Amazingly, humans contain at least 10
times as many bacteria cells as human cells. The 100 trillion bacterial cells are much smaller
than human cells and have a faster generation time.
Mitosis and meiosis are two processes that produce new cells through cell division, which occurs
as a part of the cell cycle. The new “daughter” cells produced by these processes are quite
different because they have different purposes. These differences occur because the processes
have several key differences as outlined in the video lecture. You will be doing several lab
activities examining mitosis and meiosis and what can happen if problems occur during these
cell division processes.
Why are we doing this lab?
1. To gain a better understanding of the mitotic and meiotic processes of cell division that
occur in humans and all other animals.
2. To examine how issues in mitosis and meiosis can lead to diseases and disorders in
humans.
CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 2/10
Background: Phases of mitosis
For each phase, draw and label:
a. Chromatin or chromosomes
b. Centrosomes
c. Microtubules/spindle
d. Cell membrane
CBIO Lab: Mitosis and Meiosis p. 3/10
Activity 1: Mitosis under the microscope
1. Use Google images of mitosis (Google “mitosis of onion root tip”) to identify cells in
interphase and all phases of mitosis.
Cells in…Interphase will have chromatin, not distinct chromosomes
Prophase will have distinctly visible chromosomes
Metaphase will have chromosomes lined up along the equator of the cell
Anaphase will have chromosomes separating at the centromeres
Telophase will have chromosomes decondensing into chromatin and a .
Sheet1Presentation by Tony StudentSlide NumberSlide TitleSlide Tex.docxbjohn46
Sheet1Presentation by Tony StudentSlide NumberSlide TitleSlide TextNarrativeComments1Social Media in the WorkplaceTitle Slide2Introduction“Twitter is not a technology, it’s a conversation – and it’s happening with or without you.” – Charlene Li, author
Over 306 million active Twitter users send 500 million Tweets daily *Hello, my name it Tony Student, I currently work as an Information Security Manager at a financial services firm in the Washington DC Metro area and am responsible for securing a multi-trillion dollar financial platform. Part of my responsibilities is to provide training and awareness on topics that deal with Information Security including the use of Social Media in the Workplace.
Social media is a powerful platform which helps connect people. According to Charlene Li, author of Groundswell, “Twitter is not a technology, it’s a conversation – and it’s happening with or without you.”
Consider the fact that every minute of every day roughly 5,800 tweets are posted to the Twitterverse. This amounts to over 500 million tweets daily! That statistic definitely echoes the sentiment of Charlene Li and is an important thing to consider when it comes to business. Social media can become a positive part of promoting a company's brand and allows a business to provide supreme customer service.3AgendaSocial Media Primer
Five Leading Practices on Social Media
Best Buy Case Study
Closing Remarks
Questions and AnswersFor today's agenda we are going to cover the following topics:
Social Media Primer - Which will provide insight into what social media is and its purpose
Five Leading Practices on Social Media - Tips on the appropriate use of Social Media
Best Buy Case Study - An example of how one big box retailer sets the tone and expectation on social media for business use
Closing Remarks - Final thoughts one how transformative social media can be for business
Questions and Answers - To be able to provide some time to answer those burning questions that you didn't realize you had until you saw this material.4Social Media PrimerAn online medium for social collaboration *
It’s all about the content
Pictures
Videos
Music
Social Media can enable business
Platforms include LinkedIN, Twitter, Facebook, etc.
According to the English Oxford Living Dictionary, Social Media are "Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking."
In other words, social media in an online medium for social collaboration. All said and done, it's all about the content that people and companies produce and publish to the masses. The platform is an enabler for businesses to create accessibility for consumers to producers of a product or idea.
Examples of social media platforms that you may already be familiar with include, LinkedIN, a professional social networking site; Twitter, a microblogging site, and Facebook which originally started out as a place for college folks to collaborate and quickly turned .
Sheet1Pretax IncomeYang, Ziyun make sure to add back income t.docxbjohn46
Sheet1Pretax Income
Yang, Ziyun: make sure to add back income tax paid through Nov. See account 999 Nov balance.
Subject to State Taxes- 0State Tax- 0Subject to Fed Taxes
Yang, Ziyun: State Taxes can be deducted from Fed taxable income
- 0Progressive ratefirst 50,000 @15%7,500next 25,000 @ 25%6,250remainder @ 34%(25,500)Fed Tax(11,750)Federal Surtax
Yang, Ziyun: 5% on income over $100,000, surtax not to exceed $11,750
- 0
Yang, Ziyun: Updated in V2
Total Fed Tax(11,750)Total Income Tax(11,750)Less: Income Taxes Paid
Yang, Ziyun: Paid taxes through Nov. See account 999 Nov balance.
72,000Tax accrual
Yang, Ziyun: debit exp, credit payable
(83,750)
Sheet2
Sheet3
Research question
Human factors for changes in natural geology
Ivan Tai
Humans as major geological and geomorphological agents in the Anthropocene: the significance of artificial ground in Great Britain
Since the first prehistoric people started to dig for stone to make implements, rather than pick up loose material, humans have modified the landscape through excavation of rock and soil, generation of waste and creation of artificial ground. In Great Britain over the past 200 years, people have excavated, moved and built up the equivalent of at least six times the volume of Ben Nevis.
Simon J. Price
, Jonathan R. Ford
, Anthony H. Cooper
and Catherine Neal
Published:13 March 2011
2
Why I choose this research question?
Because human The natural changes are very large, from climate change to changes in topographical attitudes.
InstructionNarrative and InstructionsRockford Corporation is a wholesale plumbing supply distributor. The corporation was organized in 1981, under the laws of the State of Illinois, with an authorized capitalization of 100,000 sharesof no-par common stock with a stated value of $16 per share. The common stock is sold over thethe counter in the local area. You have been hired as of Thursday, December 25, 2018, to replace thecontroller, who has resigned. As controller, you are responsible for the corporation's accountingrecrods, preparation of the financial statements, safeguarding the corporate assets, and providingmanagement with financial information to set prices and to monitor and control operations. Rockford Corporation closes its books annually on December 31 but prepares financial statementsquarterly. Adjusting entries are posted to the general ledger only at year-end; at the end of the first, second, and third quarter the adjustments are entered only on a work sheet, not in the generalledger. Therefore, the adjusting entries to be recorded on December 31 are annual adjustments that you must journalize and the post to the general ledger accounts before preparing the financial statements.Rockford Corporation maintains a perpetual inventory system and takes a physical count each yearto adjust the inventory carrying amount. Purchases are recorded at the gross amount (discountstaken are recognized at the date of payment) of.
Sheet1PMGT 576 Assignment Rubric – Unit 7 Assignment20Are all of t.docxbjohn46
Sheet1PMGT 576 Assignment Rubric – Unit 7 Assignment20Are all of the 8 steps presented? Do the key elements of each step demonstrate a clear understanding of the concept? 25Is the importance of the step provided in a clear and concise manner? Is the approach to implementing each step reasonable and logical?20Do the strategies presented regarding staying on track, diagnosing the gaps, and managing resistance make sense and offer a good chance for success if implemented properly? 20The text is grammatically correct and there are no spelling or punctuation errors. 15Total100
Harrisburg TEXTILE CO.
(Kotter’s 8 stages Approach)
A Case Study Assignment
1
1
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE PROCESS
Harrisburg Textile Co.
In this assignment your team is the change management division at Harrisburg Textile.
Your leadership team has decided to use Kotter’s 8 step model to implement change and to transform the Harrisburg Textile into an Agile Lean organization.
Your team has been tasked with developing a plan to implement Kotter’s 8 step model and to provide the plan in a PowerPoint presentation to the company’s senior leaders within one week.
Using the information about the company and your knowledge of change management in general, and Kotter’s 8 step model in particular, your team is to design this presentation following the template provided. This presentation should be 8 to 12 slides in length with sufficient detail provided to allow for easy understanding by the senior leaders (i.e. your instructors!)
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE PROCESS
Harrisburg Textile Co.
Company Information: Harrisburg Textile is a family owned company in the fashion and textile industry. Harrisburg Textile manufactures its own designs, operates two small retail stores, offers wholesale products and does some exporting. The company has 50 employees and in its main manufacturing facility operates 39 pieces of machinery.
Short History:
Harrisburg Textile decided to increase the manufacture of certain products it previously outsourced and decided to add to the products they were buying from upscale fashion wholesale companies. This led to increased demands, and the company recognized it had to take steps to remain competitive not only through increasing capacity but through a complete organizational transformation. This rapid growth drove the company’s first step that being to change its business identity from LLC to corporation and Harrisburg Textile’s transformation journey started.
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE PROCESS
Harrisburg Textile Co.
The company is faced with a number of issues affecting this transformation. These include:
Globalization, economic crisis and pressures: There is a need to grow, and to adopt new market requirements due to the global environment. Harrisburg Textile recognizes that must expand our borders in marketing, modernize systems and technologies, maintain a competitive advantage over other competitors, institutionalize a.
Sheet1Plan APlan BPro Forma Income Statement AccountsEBIT700100013.docxbjohn46
Sheet1Plan APlan BPro Forma Income Statement AccountsEBIT7001000130070010001300InterestEBT (EBIT - Interest)Tax Net IncomeTotal Shares OutstandingEPS
.
Sheet1Phase of Business Financal Management needsDebt FinancingEq.docxbjohn46
Sheet1Phase of Business/ Financal Management needsDebt FinancingEquity FinancingGift FinancingFinancing for StartupsConsumer Banks, Commercial Banks, SBA insured loans, Economic development agencies, Incubators, Accelerators, Leasing companies, Personal credit cardsFriends, family, Angels, Venture capital, direct public offering, CrowdfundingPersonal: Cash, pick up the tab, free use, free work, unpaid labor, overpayment, favored status/sweetheart deal forgiveness, deferralFinancing for GrowthCommercial banks, SBA, Private placement loans, Economic development agency, supplliers, leasing company, personal credit cardself generated funds, venture capital, direct public offering, merger, acquisitionInstitutional: SBIR, STTR grant, state grant, incubator, accelerator, dontated capital, tax abatement
Personal: Cash, pick up the tab, free use, free work, unpaid labor, overpayment, favored status/sweetheart deal forgiveness, deferralFinancing for Operationsfactor receivables, business cc, commercial bank, sba, private placement loans, suppliers, leasing companiesself generated funds, venture capital, direct public offeringInstitutional: SBIR, STTR grant, state grant, incubator, accelerator, dontated capital, tax abatement
Personal: Cash, pick up the tab, free use, free work, unpaid labor, overpayment, favored status/sweetheart deal forgiveness, deferralFinancing for Exitconsumer banks, Commercial Banks, SBA, private placement loans, economic development agencies, sba investment companies, suppliers, leasing companies, lines of creditself generate funds, venture capital, direct public offeringInstitutional: SBIR, STTR grant, state grant, incubator, accelerator, dontated capital, tax abatement
Personal: Cash, pick up the tab, free use, free work, unpaid labor, overpayment, favored status/sweetheart deal forgiveness, deferral
1
Email Communication Responses – No. 1 Employment Law Compliance Plan
Email Communication Responses – No. 1 Employment Law Compliance Plan
From:
To: “CEO Smith” [email protected][email protected]
Date: November 28, 2016
Re: Employment Law Compliance Plan
Mr. Smith:
With reference to the email sent to Nov.1, these are and will be the measures to take regarding your request
With the purpose of improving the operation of the company, it is necessary to review and update the policies of the company, as well as everything related to labor laws. This will provide the necessary means to comply with what is established by law and in turn with the company staff. If everything related to these issues is kept up to date, errors are less likely to be made when corrective measures are taken, just as it is of the utmost importance that all the members of the directive know in depth the laws that protect the workforce in all aspects. It is necessary to carry out the appropriate training as soon as possible. Remember that as a team, meeting these requirements is completely necessary.
Every decision taken, entails a res.
Sheet1PeriodEngine Failures(a) 4-period moving average(b) weighted moving average with weights of (6,3,1)(c) simple exponential smoothing with alpha=0.4 and period 2 follows naïve forecast(d) trend projection11552178326642955330632873768398Questions1. Please plot the data and describe the patterns2. Generate forecasts for all possible periods using above four methods3. Compute MAPE and explain which method you would recommend
Reflection
The module began with assessing the current teaching approach deployed by
teachers in class. As such, I noted that teachers are using theory for grading the
students instead of evaluating their practical skills. The pre-assessment given at the
inception of this module showed that only 18% of the 26 students in my
manufacturing class scored at the proficiency level while 70% of the students score
at a lower level between 59 percent and Zero. Based on this data, I found it
necessary to assess my students using Portfolio Assessment rubrics. This assessment
has been used before solely focused on the theoretical assumptions taught in class
while neglecting the practical skills. In this regard, the portfolio needs to be
changed to incorporate the practical skills. Thus, the portfolio will be structured to
integrate practical assessment for grading the students’ performance. Besides, the
evaluation approach has to be changed from a system that solely assesses the
student’s knowledge to one that can evaluate the student’s competence and abilities.
The portfolio assessment is a collection of purposeful documents that gives the
outlay on how tasks are completed and competency amongst the learners is
developed. Interest in using portfolio assessment in the class is developed as part of
moving away from the traditional approach used by instructors on grading based on
theory rather than ascertaining the student’s practical skills. In the past, the students
have been assessed through the class-based teaching practice to prove that they
had acquired the skills relayed by the instructor. It is through this that I felt the
teaching approach was not sufficient to enable the learners to grasp the required
competence and skills. To solve the issue of enhancing teaching and learning, I think
it is important for the teachers to practice the assessment through the use of a
portfolio with a different module, practicum. The integration of practicum module for
assessing the students is important as this enables the learner to acquire specific
techniques that are imperative for future success. Additionally, there are some
techniques that can be learned through actual experience. While theoretical
teaching might have been ideal in the past, the students should be assessed based
on their practical skills as it enhances a deeper understanding of concepts through
personal experience.
Notably, when I came in, the students had a problem with articulating what they
know with.
Sheet1Participant#Verbal Label Condition (Smashed or Hit)Age Condi.docxbjohn46
Sheet1Participant#Verbal Label Condition (Smashed or Hit)Age Condition (Under 60 years or Over 60 years)Speed (mph)Broken Glass? (Y or N)GenderAgeRaceEthnicityEV2HitOver 6040YMale74WhiteCuban-AmericanTV3HitOver 6055YFemale65From multiple racesFrom multiple Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino groupsEV3SmashedUnder 6070NFemale22From multiple racesI am not Spanish, Hispanic, or LatinoJT1SmashedUnder 6050YMale18AsianI am not Spanish, Hispanic or LatinoDB3SmashedOver 6025NFemale63Black or African-AmericanI am not Spanish, Hispanic or LatinoDB4SmashedUnder 6050YFemale31Black or African-AmericanI am not Spanish, Hispanic or LatinoJT2HitUnder 6045YFemale19Black or African-AmericanI am not Spanish, Hispanic or LatinoDB2HitOver 6065YMale62WhiteI am not Spanish, Hispanic or LatinoDB1HitUnder 6060NMale31Black or African-AmericanI am not Spanish, Hispanic, LatinoDJC4SmashedUnder 6024NFemale24AsianI am not Spanish, Hispanic, or LatinoDJC1HitOver 6060NFemale67WhiteI am not Spanish, Hispanic, or LatinoDJC2HitUnder 6045NFemale23WhiteI am not Spanish, Hispanic, or LatinoDJC3SmashedOver 6062YMale62WhiteI am not Spanish, Hispanic, or LatinoLM4HitOver 6070NFemale62From multiple racesI am not Spanish, Hispanic, or LatinoLM3SmashedOver 6040NFemale61WhiteI am not Spanish, Hispanic, or LatinoPH1SmashedUnder 6060NFemale27WhiteI am not Spanish, Hispanic, or LatinoLM4SmashedUnder 6080NFemale31Some other raceSome other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupPH4HitOver 6080NFemale71Some other race (Hispanic)Some other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupPH2SmashedOver 6050NFemale60Some other race (Hispanic)Puerto RicanPH3HitUnder 6025NFemale28Some other race (Hispanic)Puerto RicanLM2HitUnder 6060NFemale35From multiple racesPuerto RicanTV2SmashedUnder 6040NFemale36Some other race (Hispanic)Puerto RicanTV1HitUnder 6050NFemale40From multiple racesSome other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupDA2HitOver 6050NMale62Some other race (Hispanic)Some other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupDA1SmashedOver 6055NFemale65Some other race (Latino)Some other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupDA4HitUnder 6030YMale21Some other race (Latino)Some other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupDA3SmashedUnder 6035NMale19Some other race (Latino)Some other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupEV4HitOver 6040YFemale61WhiteSome other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupTV4SmashedOver 6055YFemale60WhiteSome other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupJT4SmashedOver 6050NMale66From multiple racesSome other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupJT13HitOver 6060YMale62Black or African-AmericanSome other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupJT14SmashedUnder 6070YMale30Black or African-AmericanSome other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupJT12HitUnder 6060YMale37Some other race (Hispanic)Some other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupJT11SmashedOver 6090NFemale67Black or African-AmericanSome other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupJT3HitOver 6080NFemale62Some other race (Hispanic)Some other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino groupEV1SmashedUnder 6025NFemale21WhiteN/A
Final Course Assignment.
Sheet1No.Strengths (3)Weaknesses (2)Recommendations (2)Evidence (used once only)Theory1Functional orientation
- evidence
- tangible product adv (features, performances, benefits)Inconsistent Messages
(say, do, confirm)It is recommended that supermarket A is to include the term 'wsl' in adv so as to .. Result of implementing consequences theory (journals on this theory)Strength 12Symbolic/experiential orientation
- cartoons, facial expressions, colours, pictures, animations
- emotional
- price ('8' - lucky/prosperity, '9' - longevity)ConsequencesStrength 23Category-dominance orientation (strengths only)
- brand name/logo of adv (evidence)
- e.g. FairPrice advertisement, Rolex, key sponsorsTrustworthinessStrength 34TOMASymbolic/experiential orientationSymbolic/experiential orientationWeakness 15Hierarchy EffectFunctional orientationFunctional orientationWeakness 26CPMAttributes
- what attracts ann advertisement
- features, product image, design, benefitsAttributesAttributesLaddering ProcessConsequences
- adv/benefits of using advertised products/services
- must believe/buy/agree your benefits & advConsequencesConsequencesValues
- quality
- experience post-purchase
- warranties, (money-back) guarantees, 3rd party endorsement, testimonial evidences, awards won, year of history, reputationValues
- critical weakness is that it lacks of…. Deemed to be a signofocant weakness… failed to apply Value Theory (journals)
- if the whole industry does not offer ____, do not take it as a weakness
- no need for comparisonValuesUnique Selling Proposition (USP)
- Superiority
- Unique
- Distinctive
*trademarks, patents, awards wonBrand Image (Transformational Advertising)
- brand logo
- fashion, prestegious productsResonance
- reflect audience life experience
- testimonial evidences
- before & after imagesResonance
- celebrity not good, lacks worthinessResonance
- change endorser (Jack Neo/Tiger Woods)Emotional
- colours, pictures, images, font size, choice of words, testimonial evidencesEmotional Pre-emptive
- message of superiority
- 'No. 1 top seller brand', 'Voted by many'
- country of originCelebrity Endorser
- TEARS model (credibility & attractiveness)
- trustworthiness, Expertise
- physical attractiveness, respect, similarity (to target audience)
- Brian WongCelebrity Endorser
- Jack NeoCelebrity Endorser
- It is recommended that XXX should engage XXX to endorse in the brand to increase attraciveness, expertise… Celebrity Endorser Theory (journal)Typical-person EndorserTypical-person EndorserTypical-person Endorser
- in order to increase attractiveness, recommended that XXX should engage a typical-person endorser (journal)Humour
- cartoons, facial expressions, vocabHumour
- cartoons, facial expressions, vocab*page 197 - theories
10
100PLUS ACTIVE
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
100PLUS ACTIVE
1. Executive Summary
Within marketing, there is a need to conduct promotions of products through .
Sheet1Moisture content analysis final resultsGroupValue of m3 (g)A.docxbjohn46
Sheet1Moisture content analysis final resultsGroupValue of m3 (g)A21.459B25 kPa34.35950 kPa18.771C19.282D17.816E23.651F26.148GTBCH28.664
LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY
CIVIL ENGINEERING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING: APPLICATION & THEORY (BEng)
Laboratory Experiment:
Undrained triaxial compression test (without pore water pressure measurement) BS
1377: Part 7: 1990.
Object of Experiment:
To determine the undrained shear strength of a soil using the triaxial compression test.
Theory/Apparatus:
The apparatus consists of a cell, which is filled with water under pressure; the
specimen is loaded vertically, via a proving ring to measure load.
Triaxial Cell
The vertical load on the specimen is increased until failure occurs, the vertical strain
being recorded at the same time using a dial gauge. The test is repeated on different
specimens from the same soil, using different values of cell pressure.
254
Stresses on specimen in Triaxial Cell
Cell Pressure Deviator Stress =P/A 1=3+P/A
1 = major principal stress
3 = minor principal stress
Therefore, P/A = (1-3) =Deviator stress
The deviator stress is the load on the specimen, P, divided by the cross sectional area
of the specimen. However, as the sample is compressed during the test, the cross
sectional area will increase. Therefore, in calculating the deviator stress an allowance
for the change in area must be considered.
For the calculation of deviator stress, it is assumed that the volume of the specimen
remains constant and that the sample will deform as a cylinder, e.g.
100%
o
X
Strain
L
1 3
P
Deviator stress
A
where P = vertical load, which is measured by a proving ring (kN)
A = Area calculated using the following method;
( ) )o o o oVolume V A L AL A L X
255
1
o o
o
V A
or A or A
L X
Method:
1. Extrude the sample from the tube and trim to size - soil sample of 38mm
diameter and 76mm long.
2. Sleeve the sample with the rubber membrane.
3. Put the sample on the pedestal at the bottom of the cell and seal with the
rubber ring. Place the loading cap on top of the sample and seal with rubber
ring, before securing top drainage tube.
4. Mount the cell over the sample and fill as per the
Flooding Triaxial Cell checklist.
5. Set-up the test with the Clisp Studio assistant, and complete the
Pressurising Triaxial Cell checklist before running the test stages.
6. When test stages are complete, end the test via Clip Studio and complete the
Draining Triaxial Cell checklist.
Results and Calculations:
• Sketch the failure mode of each sample.
• Calculate the moisture content of the soil as per Appendix A.
• Calculate the results as follows:
(i) For each sample tested:
• Find the failure strain (either the final value or.
Sheet1Learning Solultions Name:Version NumberMedium/Type:Lesson/ScenarioTaskOrderEventfunctionality descriptionGraphicsTextAnimationName the taskprovide name of screen/window/tab that is either new or needs to be modifieddescribe level of functionality needed - fully functional, view only, part functional part view only, etc.File names of screenprint JPEGs, gifs, tifs, and pngs.Text that must be programmed inDescribe internal movements or animations requiredLogin1Logon screenEntered text needs to move to the next screenlogin_dialog.jpgEnter your user name and password. For this exercise, use the name "student" and the password "learn".An arrow point to the login box.
What is the final product's medium (e.g., .SWF, .PPT, .PPS. Video, .WAV)
Think of sub-section as lesson or scenarios within the larger learning solution.
Sheet2
Sheet3
ALL STAR CAFÉ
NOVEMBER 2018
SALES PROFITS AND OPERATIONS
ACTION PLAN
MISSION STATEMENT: TO PROVIDE THE FRESHEST HIGH-QUALITY FOODS AND BEVERAGE PRODUCTS,
SERVED BY A FULLY TRAINED AND KNOWLEDGEABLE WELL TAKEN CARE OF STAFF PRODUCING,
OUTSTANDING PROFITS FOR OUR OWNERS
1) PERFECT EXECUTION OF OUR COMPANY’S MISSION STATEMENT AND CORE VALUES
BREAKDOWN
A. FRESHEST HIGHEST QUALITY PRODUCT INSURE PROPER RECEIVING, DATING, ROTATION OF
THE PRODUCT, PROPER INVENTORY LEVELS, INSURE ACCURATE ORDERS FOR LEVELS AS
WELL AS PREPARED PRODUCT
B. HIRE, TRAIN AND DEVELOP A KNOWLEDGEABLE STAFF THAT IS PAID APPROPRIATELY AND
GIVEN INCENTIVES TO MAINTAIN OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE. CONDUCT REGULAR EMPLOYEE
REVIEWS AND KEEP ISSUES OF COMMUNICATION OPEN
C. INSURE OPTIMAL PROFITS BY ENSURING THE BEST INDUSTRY PRICING MAKING SURE THAT
MARGINS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE INDUSTRY.
2) ENSURING MANAGEMENT AND STAFF ADHERE TO POLICIES, PROCEDURES AND PROTOL
MANAGEMENT, STAFF AND SHIFT MEETINGS.
● BREAKDOWN- HAVE EMPLOYEE HANDBOOK AVAILABLE
● HAVE REGULAR STAFF AND MGMT MEETINGS
● SET POLICIES THAT ARE NOT CURRENTLY ENFORCED, DOCUMENTED.
3) RESPONSIBLE PARTY IS MAINTAINING A CLEAR ORGANIZED FACILITY
● USE OF CHECKLISTS
● STAFF UNDERSTAND EQUIPMENT
● STAFF UNDERSTANDS THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES
4) EFFECTIVE OVERSIGHT OF STAF IN CONSTRUCTION WITH MOMT TEAM AND HOW TO IDENTIFY
KEY PERSONNEL.
● REGULAR STAFF EVALUATION
● REGULAR STAFF PEP TALKS
REGULAR STAFF TRAINING SESSIONS
5) MONITORING THE DAILY+WEEKLY+MONTHLY FINANCIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS INCLUDING FLASH
REPORTS, INVENTORIES, EVALUATION, RECEIVING OF PRODUCT, MONITORING OF INVOICING,
S.P.M.H+ PRODUCTIVITY
A. UPDATE P.O.S, ASAP
B. BREAKDOWN OF REPORTS
C. ACCURATE REPORTING OF ALL MONITORED COSTS
6) OVERALL DEVELOPING AND CULTIVATING AN ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE OF HIGH ENERGY
AND GUEST FIRST ORIENTED ATTITUDE THAT MOTIVATES AND PROMOTES TEAMWORK.
A. MANAGEMENT LEADS
B. STAFF ACCOLADES
C. ENERGY IS CONTAGIOUS!
7) ABILITY OF PERSONEL TO EVALUATE, ORGANIZA AND PRIORITIZE ACTIVITIES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES, INCLUDING LABOUR MANAGEMENT, EM.
Sheet1LMH10090H80M70L605040302010NumberRisk NameFull Risk CostRisk ProbabilityFactored Risk costRisk Impact to ProjectRisk Mitigation PlanPoint of ContactExpected Risk Retire date1$20,00020%$4,000L2$03$04$05$06$07$08$09$010$0$0$0
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
7
Sheet2
Sheet3
Case Study:
Edward Bernays
Public Relations Pioneer
Who was Edward Bernays?
Born in Vienna in 1891, distant nephew of Sigmund Freud
His approach to public relations was to use symbols and the mass media to engineer consent
He claimed the public was essentially reactive
But the rise of the middle class meant that there was no longer the ruling class and the uneducated masses who followed dumbly . . .
What did he believe?
This emerging new social strata needed to be controlled and led.
He believed in a completely hierarchical view of society: the intelligent few have been charged with the responsibility of contemplating and influencing the tide of history and of dealing with the masses.
How did he deal with the masses?
Used sociology, psychology and economics and applied them to the messages and methods
He saw the PR expert as an applied social scientist educated to use an understanding of these three fields to influence and direct public attitudes (in a democratic society!)
How did he deal with the masses?
“The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in a democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country.”
Edward Bernays
What is PR?
“Of course, you know, we don’t deal in images, we deal in reality.”
For Bernays, PR was about creating and projecting credible renditions of reality itself.
He called news any overt act which stands out of the routine.
A PR expert carries out an overt act to interrupt the routine to bring out a response.
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Edward Bernays
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Sheet1Balance Sheet (Projected)Company
XYZBeginningProjectedProjectedProjectedas of
mm/dd/yyyy12/31/1912/31/2012/31/21AssetsCurrent
AssetsCash in bank$ -$ -Accounts receivable--Inventory--
Prepaid expenses--Other current assets--Total Current Assets$
-$ -Fixed AssetsMachinery & equipment$ -$ -Furniture &
fixtures--Leasehold improvements--Land & buildings--Other
fixed assets--(LESS accumulated depreciation on all fixed
assets)--Total Fixed Assets (net of depreciation)$ -$ -Other
AssetsIntangibles$ -$ -Deposits--Goodwill--Other--Total
Other Assets$ -$ -TOTAL Assets$ -$ -Liabilities and
EquityCurrent LiabilitiesAccounts payable$ -$ -Interest
payable--Taxes payable--Notes, short-term (due within 12
months)--Current part, long-term debt--Other current liabilities-
-Total Current Liabilities$ -$ -Long-term DebtBank loans
payable$ -$ -Notes payable to stockholders--LESS: Short-
term portion--Other long term debt--Total Long-term Debt$ -$
-Total Liabilities$ -$ -Owners' EquityInvested capital$ -$
-Retained earnings - beginning--Retained earnings - current--
Total Owners' Equity$ -$ -Total Liabilities & Equity$ -$ -
Totals are calculated automatically.
Make sure to enter this as a negative number!
Make sure to enter this as a negative number!
Sheet2
Sheet3
Twelve-month cash flowCash Flow (12 months)Enter Company
Name HereFiscal Year Begins:Jan-18Pre-Startup ESTJan-
19Feb-19Mar-19Apr-19May-19Jun-19Jul-19Aug-19Sep-19Oct-
19Nov-19Dec-19Total Item ESTCash on Hand (beginning of
month)0000000000000CASH RECEIPTSCash SalesCollections
fm CR accountsLoan/ other cash inj.TOTAL CASH
RECEIPTS00000000000000Total Cash Available (before cash
2. out)00000000000000CASH PAID OUTPurchases
(merchandise)Purchases (specify)Purchases (specify)Gross
wages (exact withdrawal)Payroll expenses (taxes, etc.)Outside
servicesSupplies (office & oper.)Repairs &
maintenanceAdvertisingCar, delivery & travelAccounting &
legalRentTelephoneUtilitiesInsuranceTaxes (real estate,
etc.)InterestOther expenses (specify)Other (specify)Other
(specify)MiscellaneousSUBTOTAL00000000000000Loan
principal paymentCapital purchase (specify)Other startup
costsReserve and/or EscrowOwners' WithdrawalTOTAL CASH
PAID OUT00000000000000Cash Position (end of
month)00000000000000ESSENTIAL OPERATING DATA (non
cash flow information)Sales Volume (dollars)Accounts
ReceivableBad Debt (end of month)Inventory on hand
(eom)Accounts Payable (eom)Depreciation
Totals are calculated automatically.
Instructions
Notes on Preparation
Note: You may want to print this information to use as
reference later. To delete these instructions, click the border of
this text box and then press the DELETE key.
Refer back to your Profit & Loss Projection. Line-by-line ask
yourself when you should expect cash to come and go. You have
already done a sales projection, now you must predict when you
will actually collect from customers. On the expense side, you
have previously projected expenses; now predict when you will
actually have to write the check to pay those bills. Most items
will be the same as on the Profit & Loss Projection. Rent and
utility bills, for instance, are usually paid in the month they are
incurred. Other items will differ from the Profit & Loss view.
Insurance and some types of taxes, for example, may actually be
payable quarterly or semiannually, even though you recognize
them as monthly expenses. Just try to make the Cash Flow as
realistic as you can line by line. The payoff for you will be an
3. ability to manage and forecast working capital needs. Change
the category labels in the left column as needed to fit your
accounting system.
Note that lines for 'Loan principal payment' through 'Owners'
Withdrawal' are for items that always are different on the Cash
Flow than on the Profit & Loss. Loan Principal Payment,
Capital Purchases, and Owner's Draw simply do not, by the
rules of accounting, show up on the Profit & Loss Projection.
They do, however, definitely take cash out of the business, and
so need to be included in your Cash plan. On the other hand,
you will not find Depreciation on the Cash Flow because you
never write a check for Depreciation. Cash from Loans
Received and Owners' Injections go in the "Loan/ other cash
inj." row. The "Pre-Startup" column is for cash outlays prior to
the time covered by the Cash Flow. It is intended primarily for
new business startups or major expansion projects where a great
deal of cash must go out before operations commence. The
bottom section, "ESSENTIAL OPERATING DATA", is not
actually part of the Cash model, but it allows you to track items
which have a heavy impact on cash. The Cash Flow Projection
is the best way to forecast working capital needs. Begin with
the amount of Cash on Hand you expect to have. Project all the
Receipts and Paid Outs for the year. If CASH POSITION gets
dangerously low or negative, you will need to pump in more
cash to keep the operation afloat. Many profitable businesses
have gone under because they could not pay the bills while
waiting for money to flow in. Your creditors do not care about
profit; they want to be paid with cash. Cash is the financial
lifeblood of your business.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i. EXECUTIVE Summary #
Company Information #
Market Opportunity #
4. financial data #
11. Company InFORmaTION #
111. EnvirnomentaL & Industry Analysis #
Environmental #
Industry #
1V. Product or Service #
V. Marketing Research & Evaluation #
Target Markets & Evaluation #
Market Trends #
Competition #
Market Share #
Marketing Plan-explain marketing strategy #
Pricing #
Promotion #
Distribution/place #
Service policy’s #
VI. Manufacturing & Operations Plan #
Geographic Location #
Facilities#
Make or Buy Policy #
Control Systems #
Labor Force #
V11. management Team #
Vi11. Timeline #
1X. Critical Risks & Assumptions #
X. Benefits to Community #
X1. Exit Stratgey #
XII. Financial Plan #
Sources & Uses of Funds #
Cashflow Statement #
Balance Sheet #
Profit & Loss statement (INCOME Statement) #
Dix Hills, New York 11746
5. BUS 461
BUSINESS SEMINAR
NAME
_________________________________________________
SCORE _____________
Business Plan
Grading Criteria
Points
Exemplary
10 points
Good
8 points
Satisfactory
6 points
Unacceptable
0 points
Cover Sheet,
Table of Contents
A clear articulate professional cover sheet & table of contents
was provided along with requested information.
A cover sheet & table of contents was provided along with
requested information.
A cover sheet & table of contents was provided
A cover sheet & table of contents was not provided or was
incomplete.
____
Executive Summary
6. Summary generated excitement, was brief, provided an
overview of the business and outlined main points.
Summary was brief, provided an overview of the business, and
outlined main points.
Summary was brief, provided an overview of the business, and
outline some main points.
Summary was brief and provided only an overview of the
business or an outline of main points.
____
Company Plan,
Environmental & Industry Analysis
A flawless description of the company plan & analysis of
environment and industry was effective.
Description of company plan & analysis of environment and
industry was given.
Description of company & analysis of environment and
industry, but w/o sufficient detail.
Description of company & analysis of environment and
industry was missing
____
Product /Service,
Marketing Research & Evaluation
A clear description of products/services and its unique features.
Clearly identified & described target markets, market trends and
competitors.
Described
product/service and
Described target mkt, mkt trends and its competitors.
Described
product/service and
Described target mkt, mkt trends and its competitors, but w/o
7. sufficient detail
Analysis failed to provide at least one aspect of required
information.
____
Operational Plan, Critical Risks & Assumptions, Timeline
Detailed information regarding operational plan, critical risks
& assumptions and timeline clearly stated.
Information was provided of operational plan, critical risks &
assumptions, and timeline plan.
Not all the information was provided of operational plan,
critical risks & assumptions, and timeline plan
Analysis failed to provide at least one aspect of required
information
Management Team/Exit Strategy/Benefits
To the Community
Member(s) of management team were identified & their
qualifications & experience described in a way that led
credibility to the business. A detailed exit strategy and benefits
were included.
Member(s) of management team were identified & their
qualifications & experience described in a way that led
credibility to the business. An exit strategy and benefits were
included.
Member(s) of management team were identified. An exit
strategy and benefits were included.
Analysis failed to provide all of the required information.
Financial Plan(include balance sheet, income statement and c/f
statement)
Possible finance sources were identified & business financial
outlook was described in detail. Statements were completed.
Possible finance sources were identified & business financial
outlook was described. Statements were completed.
Possible finance sources were identified & business financial
8. outlook was mentioned. Statements were completed.
Section failed to provide necessary financial statements..
Effectiveness & Detail
Plan was highly effective in describing the business and its
operations in great detail and it was obvious there were great
thought behind it.
Plan was effective in describing the business and its
operations in great detail and to have great thought behind it.
Plan described the business and its operations in some detail
with some thought behind it.
Plan lacked overall effectiveness, as it failed to describe
business effectively.
Professional Appearance,
Clarity & Organization and Grammar.
Plan was presented in an acceptable format (clearly organized)
and had no spelling or grammatical errors.
Plan was presented in an acceptable format (clearly organized)
and had few spelling or grammatical errors.
Plan was presented in an acceptable format (but not clearly
organized) and had few spelling or grammatical errors.
Plan wasn’t presented in an acceptable format and had many
spelling or grammatical errors.
Presentation
The presentation was smooth, polished, and organized.
Speakers spoke clear, avoided distracting filler words and made
frequent eye contact. Did not read directly from business plan.
The presentation flowed smoothly. Speakers were easy to
understand and occasionally made eye contact. Speakers did
not read directly from business plan
The presentation moved logically but wasn’t clear at all times
and made occasionally eye contact.
The presentation was disorganized resulting in difficulty of
9. understanding business. Speech was rushed or inarticulate.
Total Score
Dix Hills, New York 11746BUS 461
BUSINESS SEMINAR
BUSINESS PLAN BASICS
Business plans are the preferred mode of communication
between entrepreneurs and potential investors. Experienced
owners and managers of closely held businesses know that
business plans can also be an indispensable management tool.
Many entrepreneurs/business owners have found that just
completing the steps required to develop a business plan forces
them to introduce discipline and a logical thought process into
all of their planning activities. They have found that a properly
prepared business plan can greatly improve their company’s
ability to consistently establish and meet goals and objectives in
a way that best serves the companies owners, employees, and
investors.
A business plan should be a simply written representation of
where a company is going, how it will get there and what it will
look like once it arrives.
Not only should entrepreneurs write business plans but so
should all companies. Most companies who value business plans
are used at a minimum to:
1. Set goals and objectives for the company’s performance
2. Provide a basis for evaluating and controlling the company’s
performance.
3. Communicate a company’s message to middle managers,
outside directors, lenders and potential investors.
10. COVER SHEET: Serves as the title page of your business
plan.
· Name, address, and phone number of the company.
· Name, title, address, phone number of owners/corporate
officers.
· Month and year your plan was prepared.
· Name of preparer.
· Copy number of the plan.
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Quick reference to major topics
covered in your plan)
· You want the business plan to be as easy to read as possible.
An orderly table of contents will allow the reader to turn to the
desired section as needed.
I.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (or Statement of Purpose)
This is the thesis statement and states business plan objectives.
Should be 4 paragraphs 1 to 2 pages). Use the key word
approach (who, what, where, when, why, how, how much) to
summarize the following:
· Your Company (who, what, where, when).
11. · Who your management is and What their strengths are.
· What your objectives are and Why you will be successful.
· If you need a financing, why you need it, how much you need
and how you intend to repay the loan or benefit the investor.
Note: Do not write the executive summary (statement of
purpose) until you have completed your business plan! It is a
summary and reflects the contents of the finished plan.
I1.
THE COMPANY INFORMATION
What is included? This section should include a "summary
description of your business" statement followed by information
on the "administrative" end of your company.
A. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
In a paragraph or two give a broad overview of the nature of
your business, telling when and
why the company was formed. Then complete the summary by
briefly addressing:
· mission (projecting short- and long-term goals)
· business model (describe your company's model and why it is
unique to your industry)
· strategy (give an overview of the strategy, focusing on short-
and long-term objectives)
· strategic relationships (tell about any existing strategic
12. relationships)
· SWOT Analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats that your company will face, both internal and external)
B. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
· Address Copyrights, Trademarks, and Patents
· Back up in Supporting Documents with registrations, photos,
diagrams, etc.
C. LOCATION
· Describe your projected or current location.
· Project costs associated with the location.
· Include legal agreements, utilities forecasts, etc. in Supporting
Documents.
D. LEGAL STRUCTURE
· Describe your legal structure and why it is advantageous for
your company.
· List owners and/or corporate officers describing strengths
(include resumes).
E. ACCOUNTING & LEGAL
13. · Accounting: What system will you set up for daily accounting?
Who will you use for a tax accountant? Who will be responsible
for periodic financial statement analysis?
· Legal: Who will you retain for an attorney? (Keep 'Murphy's
Law' in mind.)
F. INSURANCE
· What kinds of insurance will you carry? (Property & Liability,
Life & Health)
· What will it cost and who will you use for a carrier?
G. SECURITY
· Address security in terms of inventory control and theft of
information (online and off).
· Project related costs.
III.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
What is included? This section should include how your
business fits into larger contexts.
A. ENVIRONMENTAL
· Identify trends and changes happening at the national and
14. international level that may influence the future. Describe any
trends that are going on in your industry.
· Describe the opportunities that you have for your business.
Describe how your business can take advantage of
opportunities.
B. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
· Target Market (identify with demographics, psychographics,
and niche market specifics).
· Industry demand
· Competition –identify major competitors (including their
locations) assessing their strengths and weaknesses or include a
SWOT analysis.
· Market Trends (identify industry trends and customer trends).
IV. PRODUCTS OR SERVICES
What is included? This section should include a "summary
description of your business describing your product or service.
· If you are the manufacturer and/or wholesale distributor of a
product: Describe your products. Tell briefly about your
manufacturing process. Include information on suppliers and
availability of materials.
· If you are a retailer and/or an e-tailer: Describe the products
you sell. Include information about your sources and handling
of inventory and fulfillment.
· If you provide a service: Describe your services List future
products or services you plan to provide.
15. V. MARKETING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION
What is research and evaluation? This section presents evidence
that a market exists for your business.
A. TARGET MARKETS & MARKET SEGMENTATION
· Target Market (identify with demographics, psychographics,
and niche market specifics).
B. MARKET TRENDS
· Market Trends (identify industry trends and customer trends).
1.
C. COMPETITION
· Competition –identify major competitors (including their
locations) assessing their strengths and weaknesses or include a
SWOT analysis
D. MARKET SHARE
· Target Market (identify with demographics, psychographics,
16. and niche market specifics).
· Competition (describe major competitors assessing their
strengths and weaknesses.
· Market Trends (identify industry trends and customer trends).
· Market Research (describe methods of research, database
analysis, and results summary).
E. MARKETING PLAN
· General Description (budget % allocations on- and off-line
with expected ROIs).
· Method of Sales and Distribution (stores, offices, kiosks,
catalogs, d/mail, website).
· Packaging (quality considerations and packaging).
· Pricing (price strategy and competitive position.
· Branding.
· Database Marketing (Personalization).
· Sales Strategies (direct sales, direct mail, email, affiliate,
reciprocal, and viral marketing).
· Sales Incentives/Promotions (samples, coupons, online promo,
add-ons, rebates, etc.).
· Advertising Strategies (traditional, web/new media, long-term
sponsorships).
· Public Relations (online presence, events, press releases,
interviews).
· Networking (memberships and leadership positions).
· Description of Customer Service Activities.
· Expected Outcomes of Achieving Excellence.
VI. MANUFACTORING AND OPERATIONAL PLAN
17. What is included? This section should include detailed
information regarding operational plan including geographic
location, facilitates, control systems and labor force. .
VII.
MANAGEMENT TEAM
What is included? This section should state key individuals that
will help transform your vision into a successful business. An
organizational chart can be included.
A. MANAGEMENT
· List the people who are (or will be) running the business.
· Describe their responsibilities and abilities.
· Project their salaries.
· (Include resumes in Supporting Documents)
B. PERSONNEL
· How many employees will you have in what positions?
· What are the necessary qualifications?
· How many hours will they work and at what wage?
· Project future needs for adding employees.
18. VIII.
TIMELINE
What is included? This section should outline the
interrelationships and timing of the major events planned for
your business.
IX.
CRITICAL RISKS & ASSUMPTIONS
What is included? This section should include implicit
assumptions.
X.
BENEFITS TO COMMUNITY
What is included? This section should include (if any) the
economic impact, human development, and community
development.
XI.
EXIT STRATEGY
What is included? This section should include your succession
plan..
19. XII.
FINANCIAL DOCUMENTS
The quantitative part of your plan. This section of the business
plan is the quantitative interpretation of everything you stated
in the organizational and marketing plans. Do not do this part of
your plan until you have finished those two sections.
Financial documents are the records used to show past, current,
and projected finances. The following are the major documents
you will want to include in your Business Plan. The work is
much easier if they are done in the order presented because they
build on each other, utilizing information from the ones
previously developed.
A. SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL NEEDS (needed only if you
are seeking financing)
This is an outline of the following information:
(1) Why you are applying for financing.
(2) How Much capital you need.
B. LOAN FUND DISPERSAL STATEMENT (needed only if
you are seeking financing)
You should:
20. (1) Tell How you intend to disperse the loan funds.
(2) Back Up your statement with supporting data.
C. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET -THREEYEAR INCOME
PROJECTION
Projection of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth of your
company at end of next fiscal year.
Shows the condition of the business as of a fixed date. It is a
picture of your firm's financial condition at a particular moment
and will show you whether your financial position is strong or
weak. It is usually done at the close of an accounting period.
Contains: (1) Assets, (2) Liabilities and (3) Net Worth.
D. PROFIT AND LOSS STATEMENT (INCOME
STATEMENT)- THREE-YEAR INCOME PROJECTION
Shows your business financial activity over a period of time
(monthly, annually). It is a moving picture showing what has
happened in your business and is an excellent tool for assessing
your business. Your ledger is closed and balanced and the
revenue and expense totals transferred to this statement.
E. CASH FLOW STATEMENT- THREE-YEAR PROJECTION
21. Shows the amount of cash generated and used by a company in a
given period.
XIII.
APPENDIX (SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS)-this section isn’t
included in the grading criteria. Not crucial to the business plan
but can be of interest to potential investors and creditors.
This section of your plan will contain all of the records that
back up the statements and decisions made in the three main
parts of your business plan. The most common supporting
documents are:
A. PERSONAL RESUMES
Include resumes for owners and management. A resume should
be a one-page document. Include: work history, educational
background, professional affiliations and honors, and a focus on
special skills relating to the company position.
B. OWNERS' FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A statement of personal assets and liabilities. For a new
business owner, this will be part of your financial section.
22. C. CREDIT REPORTS
Business and personal from suppliers or wholesalers, credit
bureaus, and banks.
D. COPIES OF LEASES, MORTGAGES, PURCHASE
AGREEMENTS, ETC.
All agreements currently in force between your company and a
leasing agency, mortgage company or other agency.
E. LETTERS OF REFERENCE
Letters recommending you as being a reputable and reliable
business person worthy of being considered a good risk. (both
business and personal references)
F. CONTRACTS
Include all business contracts, both completed and currently in
force.
G. OTHER LEGAL DOCUMENTS
All legal papers pertaining to your legal structure, proprietary
23. rights, insurance, etc. Limited partnership agreements, shipping
contracts, etc.
H. MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS
All other documents which have been referred to, but not
included in the main body of the plan. (For example, location
plans, demographics, competition analysis, advertising rate
sheets, cost analysis, etc.).
PUTTING YOUR PLAN TOGETHER
When You Are Finished: Your Business Plan should look
professional, but the potential lender or investor needs to know
that it was done by you. A business plan will be the best
indicator that can be used to judge your potential for success. It
should be no more than 30 to 40 pages in length, excluding
supporting documents. If you are seeking a lender or investor:
Include only the supporting documents that will be of
immediate interest to the person examining your plan. Keep the
others with your own copy where they will be available on short
notice. Have your plan neatly bound at your local print shop or
in blue, black or brown covers purchased from the stationery
store. Make copies for each lender or investor you wish to
approach. Do not give out too many copies at once, and keep
track of each copy. If you are turned down for financing, be
sure to retrieve your business plan.
KEEP YOUR BUSINESS PLAN UP-TO-DATE
24. Your plan will be beneficial only if you update it frequently to
reflect what is happening within your business. Measure your
projections against what actually happens in your company. Use
the results to analyze the effectiveness of your operation. You
can then implement changes that will give you a competitive
edge and make your business more profitable.
Business Plan Guide - 8
Business Plan Guide
to accompany
Small Business Management:
Entrepreneurship and Beyond
6th Edition
Timothy S. Hatten
Colorado Mesa University
Elements of the Business Plan
Suggested length
Cover Page 1 page
Table of Contents 1-2 pages
I. Executive Summary 1-2 pages
25. A. Mission Statement
B. Company Information
C. Market Opportunity
D. Financial Data
II. Description of Your Company and Industry3-5 pages
A. Company Background and History
B. The Industry
III. Description of the Product or Service 3-4 pages
A. Description of the Product or Service
B. Competitive Advantages
IV. Market Research and Evaluation 2-4 pages
A. Markets
B. Market Trends
C. Competition
D. Market Share
V. Marketing Plan 12-15 pages
A. Market Strategy
B. Product
C. Pricing
D. Promotion
E. Place
F. Service Polices
VI. Manufacturing and Operations Plan 5-6 pages
A. Production
B. Geographic Location
C. Facilities
D. Make or Buy Policy
E. Control Systems
F. Labor Force
G. Training
H. Staffing Plan
Suggested length
26. VII. The Management Team 2-4 pages
A. Identification of Key People
B. Succession Plan
C. Management Philosophy
D. Business/Organizational Structure
E. Identification of Firms Assisting the Company
VIII. Timeline ……………………………..1 page or a table
A. Key Events
IX. Critical Risks and Assumptions 2-4 pages
A. Risk Management Strategies
X. Benefits to Community 1 + pages
A. Economic Development
B. Community Development
C. Human Development
XI. Exit Strategy 1 page
XII. Financial
Plan………………………………………………………….. 3 pages
of text (and appropriate spreadsheets)
A. Sources and Uses of Funds
B. Financial Practices
C. Cash Flow Statement
D. Cash Budget
E. Profit and Loss Statement
F. Breakeven Analysis
G. Financial Ratios
H. Intangibles--Intellectual Property
Appendices (as needed)
……………………………………………….Varies by
appendix
A. Resumes/Biographies of Key Personnel
B. Advertising Samples
C. Organizational Chart
D. Customer Profiles
E. Competitor Profiles
F. Product Profiles
G. Site Study and Store Layout
27. H. Financial Statements
I. Global Issues
I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
For help in completing this section, check SBMEB pp. 86-87.
Suggestions for writing Executive Summary section
1. Think of this one- to two-page overview as the
business plan in miniature. While there are a number of sections
to it, each may only be a few sentences or paragraphs long.
Note the example Figure 4.1(a) on page 88 is a way to condense
information.
2. Write this section of the business plan last. Some will
tell you to write it first to help focus your effort to build
confidence as you tackle the plan, etc. Good reasons all. But in
terms of economy of effort it will take far less time if you write
it last. As you write the body of the plan, try highlighting key
ideas/sentences in the various sections. Use these to write your
Executive Summary. Also, as a summary of the key elements,
you can’t really write it before you have all the key elements,
which you won’t have until you’ve done a significant amount of
work on the business plan.
3. Logically, we’ve placed the Executive Summary first
- that’s where it will appear in the final document- but you
should really write it after you’ve written and revised the entire
plan.
4. This is your opportunity to make a good first
impression. Often investors decide in a few minutes, while
reading the Executive Summary, whether to read on and/or
invest. This is the critical element of the business plan.
Therefore:
· make it concise; two pages maximum in length.
· emphasize only the important elements of the business.
· make the financial request clear. How much is needed, how
will it be used in the business, and how/when will it be repaid?
· write to capture the readers’ attention, to spark enthusiasm for
your business.
28. 5. Investors want to know who your attorney and
accounting firms are. If you don’t have them, establish the
relationships now.
6. Are there any international considerations for your
business, either as potential markets or potential competitors?
Resources needed to write your Executive Summary
Start with a draft copy of the completed business plan with
spreadsheets. Writing is ALWAYS made better by going
through revisions. Lacking that, you will need the following
items:
1. A paragraph-long mission statement worked out in
advance.
2. Historical information on the company, when it was
started, by whom, etc.
3. Quantified company-level goals and objective(s).
4. Biographies or resumes of the management team with
their unique strengths highlighted.
5. Product/service description materials.
6. Market research information on the potential market
and target market.
7. A justified estimate of the capital you need and a plan
for repaying it. How much is needed and how did you determine
the amount?
8. Financial data on:
size of the market in units and dollars.
projected revenues, profits, assets, and liabilities.
Read the questions under each heading. Choose which questions
will apply to your business plan. Then write any notes, your
responses to the questions, etc., in the box that follows the
questions.
Mission Statement
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 66-67
(mission statement), pp. 55-56 (corporate ethical
responsibilities), and pp. 222-223 (for capital requirements).
1. Why does your company exist?
29. To serve a customer, to make a profit (of course), but why else?
2. What are the guiding principles or values for your
company?
How will you do business?
What is your position on the environment, diversity, community
responsibility, etc.?
What is your responsibility to your customers, to your
investors?
Company Information
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB p. 76-78
(setting objectives) and pp. 69-75 (competitive advantage).
1. Objectives - What is it that you want to accomplish,
and by when? They should be stated in such a way that their
accomplishment creates a competitive advantage.
Do you have any international aspirations?
2. What is/are your competitive advantage(s)?
3. Company history – give the background of the
company.
4. The management team--who are you, and who are
your key people?
Market Opportunity
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 93-95,
276-278.
1. What is the expected size and growth rate of your
market?
2. What is your fundamental marketing strategy?
Cost leadership.
Differentiation.
Focus.
Or....
3. What relevant industry trends should your investors
know about, early in this plan?
Financial Data
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 97-103,
222-226.
1. The financial request
30. How much do you want? How will you use it?
How much debt and equity? Number of investors sought?
What are the terms of the deal you are offering investors?
What return are you offering?
2. Tables
Summary of 3 years actual, 3 years projected
Actual 20xx Projected 20xx
Revenue _____ _____
Net Income _____ _____
Assets _____ _____
Liabilities_____ _____
Net Worth _____ _____
Summary of Financing
Current Amount Amount Needed
Debt _____ _____
Debt with Warrants _____ _____
Convertible Debentures _____ _____
Stock--Preferred and Common _____ _____
II DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY AND INDUSTRY
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 92-93,
91-92.
Suggestions for writing this section
1. The following sections are where you elaborate and
explain the information provided in the Executive Summary. Be
sure to cover in more depth everything you raise in the
Executive Summary.
2. Accuracy and realism are important here.
Do you know how your company and your product/services are
perceived relative to competitors? Describe the areas that are
rock solid and those that are shaky.
3. Write this section of the business plan first. Use it to
remind yourself of where you’ve done well and what didn’t
work.
Your initial draft should be thorough, with no detail left
31. unmentioned.
Once you’ve written this, then review and edit.
4. Emphasize the accomplishment of significant
objectives.
You want the business to be attractive but not “too good to be
true.”
5. Don’t forget it is also important to reveal any key
negatives, problems, or failures.
Every investor knows there is a downside.
Be honest about yours. It will build trust.
It shows a realistic approach to doing business.
6. It is very important that this section shows how your
company is different from others.
It is also critical that you demonstrate to your investors that you
have substantial evidence to support your claims.
7. If you provide a service, be certain your reader
understands what that service is and how it is used by your
customers.
8. Be succinct. The industry portion provides
background for later portions of the plan.
Clarify market attractiveness.
Describe key success factors.
Leave elaboration for later.
Resources needed to write this section
1. A history of your company including why and how
you started. Note key events.
Show key events and dates.
Consider putting it into chart form.
2. Your charter, tax papers, or incorporation papers that
show the legal form you’ve chosen.
3. Have a product specification sheet or FAB (features,
advantages, benefits) sheet on the product/service.
4. Be able to state your competitive advantage in a
paragraph or less. If you can do it in a sentence, that’s even
better. See pages 66-68.
5. A list of your objectives, preferably in quantified
32. terms.
6. A list of key success factors, such as: price, quality,
durability, dependability, technology, etc.
Be sure to identify key factors as they pertain to your
product/service. A generic list is a warning flag to investors.
7. An assessment of your intangible assets.
Your Company
1. A history of operation. (Even for a startup, you have
some ‘history.’)
The legal form of the company.
Why does your company exist?
Describe in some detail what your company does and how it
satisfies customer needs.
How did you choose the product or service you sell?
What significant successes have you had? What significant
failures or losses have you experienced?
Concentrate on the successful accomplishment of past
objectives, but be honest about the risk.
2. Highlight significant financial and operational events.
When did they happen?
Why were they significant?
3. Intangible assets.
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp.
146-147.
Goodwill.
Established name/reputation.
The Industry
1. Explain the nature of the industry.
Overview of the historical development of the industry.
Note any special events, governmental action, or economic
events that have altered the industry in the last ten years. Don’t
make a laundry list; note the most important events only.
Provide industry data such as market size, growth trends, and
competitive strength of major firms in the industry.
Are there seasonal fluctuations in demand?
Address the importance and impact of strategic issues such as:
33. ease of entry and exit, ability to achieve economies of scale,
cyclical nature of the economy or sales cycle, etc.
What are industry trends regarding the use of technology?
How does the future look for the entire industry?
Are there any international issues? Are companies moving
offshore? Are international competitors coming into the
industry?
2. Who could compete with you by offering either a
competitive product or by offering a substitute for your
product?
3. What is the current state of the art in the industry?
How does your product/service reflect this current state or
exceed it?
What do you need: what will you do to succeed in your chosen
market?
What are the current applications of your product/service?
What are the potential applications of your product/service?
III DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 291-
295.
Suggestions for writing this section
1. This is what your business is all about, the product or
service that you offer the market.
Describe all products or services in terms of benefits customers
seek.
2. Investors want to know what makes your products
different, why customers will buy from you.
Price.
Differentiation.
Quality.
3. Along with product or service differences investors
want to know what gives you an edge, a competitive edge
regarding your products. This topic is covered later as well, but
write here how your products or product line contributes to your
competitive advantage.
4. Be careful to explain how your customers use your
34. product or service. Do not assume that it is apparent to
investors.
5. While you are writing to raise capital for now, think a
bit into the future.
What new applications or uses are there for your product?
6. If you provide a service, be certain your reader
understands what that service is and how it is used.
Resources needed to write this section
1. Profiles and data on each of your products or service.
2. A target market description emphasizing the benefits
customers want.
3. Have a product specification sheet or FAB (features,
advantages, benefits) sheet on the product/service.
4. Be able to state the competitive advantage of each.
5. A new product development plan with timeline.
6. A Boston Consulting Group matrix or similar matrix
depicting viability of each existing product and product line.
7. An assessment of where each product is in the
product life cycle.
Description of the product/product line.
1. Reference the appropriate appendix for diagrams,
photos, and/or technical data.
Describe in terms of features that distinguish the product (line)
from competitors.
Identify the needs/benefits that the features meet for your target
market.
2. Product growth potential.
Where is each product in terms of the product life cycle (PLC)?
How are you managing the PLC for each product?
3. Applications of the product/product line.
How is it used?
How else might it be used? How could that/those use(s) be
exploited?
What potential new products might these suggest?
4. Planned new products.
What new products?
35. Why are you developing them?
When do you plan to bring them out?
What target market(s)?
Competitive Advantage(s)
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 12-14,
296-7.
1. How will you build your competitive advantage?
Close relationship to customers.
Devotion to quality.
Attention to convenience.
Innovation.
Dedication to customer service.
Flexibility.
2. What is the basis of your competitive advantage?
What is the economic forecast for your geographic area for the
next year, the next five years?
IV MARKET RESEARCH AND EVALUATION
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 93-95,
281-286.
Suggestions for writing this section
1. In real estate the key is location, location, location.
In a business plan the key is evidence, evidence, evidence. The
content here will make or break your plan. This shows whether
you know what you are writing about or not.
2. There are a number of resources available to the small
businessperson that are either free or relatively inexpensive.
Trade associations and journals.
Chamber of Commerce.
Competitors’ sales literature.
People--customers and sales representatives.
3. Venture capitalists look for a well-thought-out plan.
Thoroughness here demonstrates the degree of effort of thought
and “homework” done on the business.
Be specific when describing the target market. Explain in detail.
Document, prove, cite evidence.
4. Write in terms of benefits sought by the customer as
36. much as possible. Customers buy benefits.
5. Be enthusiastic and realistic when describing the
potential market. No one can capture 100% of any market.
6. The market research you present here is critical. You
need solid evidence to back up your business plan. While
market research may be a relatively brief part of this section, it
is the backbone of your plan.
Don’t hesitate to use others’ studies. There are numerous
marketing publications, journals, and government/academic
studies available in local libraries on almost any market
segment.
Your local Chamber of Commerce may have a
demographic/economic/socio-graphic study for your community
or region as a service to local small business.
7. You may identify your market a number of ways. Be
sure the way you choose fits your business and product/service.
Demographics--quantifiable characteristics: age, income,
education, gender, etc.
Psychographics--interests, values, beliefs, etc.
Sociological--family structure, ethnic values, etc.
Geographics--location, location, location.
8. What you write here will be important to your
marketing plan, your timeline, and the explanation of critical
risks sections of the rest of your plan.
9. Don’t forget to do a thorough job of competitor
analysis as well as looking at your markets.
10. Your responses to the competitors should be
customer-focused responses.
Resources needed to write this section
1. A copy of your Executive Summary, to ensure that
you now detail everything you mentioned there and that you
don’t add anything that should also be referenced in the
Executive Summary.
2. Any market research studies you’ve conducted or
secondary market research you’ve collected about your business
37. and market.
3. A customer profile consisting of a picture or verbal
description of your target market. Advertising professionals
often create a portfolio, complete with a picture of their
‘”typical customer” in order to keep focused and in tune with
the customer.
4. A copy of your company goals and objectives, to
ensure your marketing effort stays in line with your company
strategy.
5. An outline of your competitive advantage(s).
6. A competitive profile on each important competitor
which includes:
Why they are a competitor.
Sales volume in units and dollars and market share.
Their apparent market strategies.
A SWOT analysis of each competitor.
Their competitive style--aggressive, conservative, etc.
Probable future actions in your market.
7. An analysis of your competitors’ advantages over you
in the following categories:
Price.
Performance.
Durability and versatility.
Speed or accuracy.
Ease of: a) use; b) maintenance; and c) installation--including
cost of installation.
Product features including size or weight and styling or
appearance.
8. An analysis of your advantages over your competitors
in the same categories listed above.
Markets
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 273-
281.
1. What market research have you conducted or found
about your customer?
Detail either the sources of your information or how you
38. deduced it.
2. Who are the potential buyers for your products?
Describe the customer according to any of the following or any
combination:
demographics.
psychographics.
sociologically.
geographics.
3. How many potential customers are there?
What percentage can you realistically capture?
This is critically important to the justification of the financial
forecasts that will follow.
4. Why do they buy?
What is their primary purchase criterion: price, quality,
availability, convenience, or...?
Are there price tiers in the target market?
What features do they seek? What benefits do they want?
Do they have a preference as to how and where they buy? How
strong is it? How will you change it?
5. What are the potential annual purchases?
How do the customers decide to buy?
How often do they buy?
What is the buying cycle? Is there seasonality to your market?
Is demand tied to any other product/service, i.e. online music
sales to MP3 player sales?
6. What do they buy?
Price--how much will changes in price affect your customers’
purchases? Important to know in advance.
Quality--will they pay more for better quality?
Image-- is brand name important?
Are customers brand loyal?
7. Describe the overall market
Does the research show a profitable market for your business,
product/service? (Remember size or lack of service to a market
does not automatically imply opportunity. No one may be
serving that market for a reason.)
39. Location and size, in number of customers and sales dollars. Is
the market growing?
Growth rate, trends.
Provide a table of projected industry sales in this market.
Project your market share, best case, worst case, most likely
case. (This is important to your financial forecasts later.)
Year Year Year Year Year
20XX 20XX 20XX 20XX 20XX
Revenues _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Best Case Percent Growth
Revenues _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Most Likely Case Percent Growth
Revenues _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Worst Case Percent Growth
Projected ____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Market Share
Market Trends
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 93, 96-
97, 322-327 .
1. How might the economy affect sales of your
product/service?
What is the economic forecast for your geographic area for the
next year, the next five years?
2. How might government programs, policies, or
legislation affect your industry, business, or product/service?
3. How might technological factors affect your
product/service sales?
4. What social/cultural factors might impact your sales?
Changing demographics of market segment: aging, moving,
increasing/decreasing incomes.
Changing social structure, i.e., increase in single working
parents, might result in an increased need for quick, inexpensive
prepared meals that can be heated and eaten.
40. Changing values.
5. How will you track these trends? How will you
continually evaluate customer needs?
Competition
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 63, 69-
75.
1. Who are your primary existing competitors?
List the top 3 or 4, with a sentence explanation of why each is a
competitor. (Region, price, similar product, etc.) to accompany
Figure 3.3 in SBM:EB p. 70.
Identify the price leader, quality leader, and service leader.
2. Conduct a Strength and Weakness Analysis on each
primary competitor.
How will you counter their advantages/strengths, exploit their
weaknesses?
3. What distinguishes their product/service from yours?
Features and Benefits.
Price.
Product performance.
Other relevant product attributes.
4. What are their apparent strategies in developing the
market? Product development.
Pricing.
Distribution.
Promotion.
5. What are your company’s comparative strengths and
weaknesses?
6. Who are your potential competitors?
Why would they enter your market(s)?
When would they enter your market(s)?
How might they enter, position themselves?
7. What are the barriers to entry for new competitors?
(Not all will apply: which are key?)
Economies of scale--a new company will not have the cost
efficiencies of an established firm.
Product differentiation--strong brand identification or customer
41. loyalty can be a problem.
Capital requirements--is there a significant up-front cost:
physical plant, inventory, equipment, etc.?
Switching costs--to the customer. Sometimes with system-type
products, the customer must change more than just one item.
Regulatory environment--are there regulations, federal, state, or
local, that are difficult to meet?
Market Share
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB p. 274-278.
1. Quantify, where possible and appropriate, i.e.,
amount of revenue, size of market share, etc.
2. Sales forecast
What is the nature of the sales cycle: long or short, simple or
complex?
Provide, in chart form, your sales forecasts for the current year,
next year, for a total of five years out.
What is the average sale?
Forecast projections in terms of best case, worst case, most
likely case.
Project sales in terms of units, revenues--gross and net.
See Appendix H1 at the end of this document for templates.
Sales Forecast Table
Year Year Year Year Year
20XX 20XX 20XX 20XX 20XX
Best Case
Dollars _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Units _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Most Likely Case
Dollars _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Units _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Worst Case
Dollars _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Units _____ _____ _____ _____ ____
42. V MARKETING PLAN
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 346-
351.
Suggestions for writing this section
1. This is a strategy and tactics section. You need to
detail your marketing strategy for each component and then
offer how you will accomplish it.
Example of a price strategy “…to be the low cost provider to
our customer market through discount pricing and incentive
programs.”
Example of a price-related action plan (to be detailed in a later
section) “During our peak season we will under-price
competitors by 10%. During the months of _____ to _____, our
slow period, we will use a rebate incentive program directed to
distributors to encourage their “pushing” of XYZ product line.”
2. Remember, strategy is simply explaining your
company’s overall approach for achieving growth and profits.
3. Tailor this section to your business. Some sections
are not relevant to a manufacturing business, others to a service
business, etc.
4. Be sure to review what you have written so far so that
your actions here match your earlier projections.
5. In this section, you need to deal with both marketing
and selling.
Marketing is the identification of your customer.
Selling is convincing those customers to buy from you.
Resources needed to write this section
1. A copy of your mission statement, goals, and
objectives.
2. A cost analysis for each product/product line.
3. Your media budget and plan.
4. If you are a manufacturer, an outline of your
production plan.
5. If you are a service business, a list of your suppliers
with any special qualities.
Market Strategy
43. For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp.177,
296-7.
1. Briefly review your overall marketing strategy as
stated in your Executive Summary.
Cost leadership.
Differentiation.
Focus.
2. What marketing tactics will you use?
Market penetration, market development, product development,
market segmentation.
Product
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 291-
297.
1. Describe the level of product satisfaction for which
you are striving. See Figure 12-1 SBM:EB p. 291
Core benefit.
Generic product.
Expected product.
Augmented product.
Potential product.
2. What type of new products will you develop?
New to the world.
New product lines.
Additions to existing lines.
Improvements, revisions, or new uses of existing products.
Repositioning.
Cost reductions.
3. Packaging.
Is this an issue for your products?
How does it affect your cost structure?
Are there environmental issues to consider?
Pricing
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 94, 346-
360.
1. What is your pricing strategy?
How price sensitive is the market?
44. Low cost, premium pricing, . . . .?
Why this strategy?
2. How is pricing determined?
Costs plus.
ROI.
Competitive parity.
3. What are your margins? How will you make a profit?
Promotion
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 94, 364-
372.
1. How will you attract customers? What type of
advertising promotion will you use?
National versus regional/local.
Print or electronic.
What promotions will be used?
Trade shows.
Direct marketing.
Public relations.
2. Advertising plan.
What media will you use? Why?
How will you use public relations in your promotion plan?
Scheduling plans.
3. Budget.
What percentage of sales will you spend on promotion?
What budgeting method will you use? Why?
Refer to detailed budget in your appendices.
4. Consider including samples in your appendices.
advertising copy
brochures
5. How will you assess the effectiveness of your
promotional efforts?
Place
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 94-5,
319-327 (location analysis), 453-459 (wages and incentive
programs).
1. How will you distribute your products?
45. Your own sales force.
Independent sales representatives.
Agents or brokers.
2. How will you compensate the sales force?
3. How will you structure the sales force, their
territories, the product lines, etc.?
4. Sales plan.
Sales budget--how did you determine your budget? Task and
objective method, parity, or . . . .?
Sales philosophy--how will your sales force approach the
customer?
Refer to detailed budget in your appendices.
5. Transportation.
Types.
Costs.
Means--company vehicles, rail, truck, etc.
Service Policies
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB p. 91, 291-
293.
1. What will be your customer service/product service
policies?
Warranties.
Handling of customer problems.
2. How will you identify and track your most important
service issues as they develop?
VI MANUFACTURING AND OPERATIONS PLAN
For help in completing this section, check SBM:EB pp. 95, 471-
473.
Suggestions for writing this section
1. This portion of your plan applies to your product. If
you are a service company, some sections, such as facilities,
control systems, labor force, etc., apply to you, but not all.
2. Investors are looking for:
the age and condition of your facilities and equipment.
the rationale for …
46. How to Write the Financial Section of a Business Plan: The
Components of a Financial Section
A financial forecast isn't necessarily compiled in sequence. And
you most likely won't present it in the final document in the
same sequence you compile the figures and documents. Berry
says that it's typical to start in one place and jump back and
forth. For example, what you see in the cash-flow plan might
mean going back to change estimates for sales and expenses.
Still, he says that it's easier to explain in sequence, as long as
you understand that you don't start at step one and go to step six
without looking back--a lot--in between.
• Start with a sales forecast.
Set up a spreadsheet projecting your sales over the course of
three years. Set up different sections for different lines of sales
and columns for every month for the first year and either on a
monthly or quarterly basis for the second and third years.
"Ideally you want to project in spreadsheet blocks that include
one block for unit sales, one block for pricing, a third block that
multiplies units’ times price to calculate sales, a fourth block
that has unit costs, and a fifth that multiplies units times unit
cost to calculate cost of sales (also called COGS or direct
costs)," Berry says. "Why do you want cost of sales in a sales
forecast? Because you want to calculate gross margin. Gross
margin is sales less cost of sales, and it's a useful number for
comparing with different standard industry ratios." If it's a new
product or a new line of business, you have to make an educated
guess. The best way to do that, Berry says, is to look at past
results.
• Create an expenses budget.
You're going to need to understand how much it's going to cost
you to actually make the sales you have forecast. Berry likes to
differentiate between fixed costs (i.e., rent and payroll) and
variable costs (i.e., most advertising and promotional expenses),
47. because it's a good thing for a business to know. "Lower fixed
costs mean less risk, which might be theoretical in business
schools but are very concrete when you have rent and payroll
checks to sign," Berry says. "Most of your variable costs are in
those direct costs that belong in your sales forecast, but there
are also some variable expenses, like ads and rebates and such."
Once again, this is a forecast, not accounting, and you're going
to have to estimate things like interest and taxes. Berry
recommends you go with simple math. He says multiply
estimated profits times your best-guess tax percentage rate to
estimate taxes. And then multiply your estimated debts balance
times an estimated interest rate to estimate interest.
• Develop a cash-flow statement.
This is the statement that shows physical dollars moving in and
out of the business. "Cash flow is king," Pinson says. You base
this partly on your sales forecasts, balance sheet items, and
other assumptions. If you are operating an existing business,
you should have historical documents, such as profit and loss
statements and balance sheets from years past to base these
forecasts on. If you are starting a new business and do not have
these historical financial statements, you start by projecting a
cash-flow statement broken down into 12 months. Pinson says
that it's important to understand when compiling this cash-flow
projection that you need to choose a realistic ratio for how
many of your invoices will be paid in cash, 30 days, 60 days, 90
days and so on. You don't want to be surprised that you only
collect 80 percent of your invoices in the first 30 days when you
are counting on 100 percent to pay your expenses, she says.
Some business planning software programs will have these
formulas built in to help you make these projections.
• Income projections.
This is your pro forma profit and loss statement, detailing
forecasts for your business for the coming three years. Use the
numbers that you put in your sales forecast, expense
48. projections, and cash flow statement. "Sales, lest cost of sales,
is gross margin," Berry says. "Gross margin, less expenses,
interest, and taxes, is net profit."
• Deal with assets and liabilities.
You also need a projected balance sheet. You have to deal with
assets and liabilities that aren't in the profits and loss statement
and project the net worth of your business at the end of the
fiscal year. Some of those are obvious and affect you at only the
beginning, like startup assets. A lot are not obvious. "Interest is
in the profit and loss, but repayment of principle isn't," Berry
says. "Taking out a loan, giving out a loan, and inventory show
up only in assets--until you pay for them." So the way to
compile this is to start with assets, and estimate what you'll
have on hand, month by month for cash, accounts receivable
(money owed to you), inventory if you have it, and substantial
assets like land, buildings, and equipment. Then figure out what
you have as liabilities--meaning debts. That's money you owe
because you haven't paid bills (which is called accounts
payable) and the debts you have because of outstanding loans.
• Breakeven analysis.
The breakeven point, Pinson says, is when your business's
expenses match your sales or service volume. The three-year
income projection will enable you to undertake this analysis. "If
your business is viable, at a certain period of time your overall
revenue will exceed your overall expenses, including interest."
This is an important analysis for potential investors, who want
to know that they are investing in a fast-growing business with
an exit strategy.
How to Write the Financial Section of a Business Plan: How to
Use the Financial Section
One of the biggest mistakes business people make is to look at
their business plan, and particularly the financial section, only
49. once a year. "I like to quote former President Dwight D.
Eisenhower," says Berry. "'The plan is useless, but planning is
essential.' What people do wrong is focus on the plan, and once
the plan is done, it's forgotten. It's really a shame, because they
could have used it as a tool for managing the company." In fact,
Berry recommends that business executives sit down with the
business plan once a month and fill in the actual numbers in the
profit and loss statement and compare those numbers with
projections. And then use those comparisons to revise
projections in the future.
Many advisors also recommend that you undertake a financial
statement analysis to develop a study of relationships and
compare items in your financial statements, compare financial
statements over time, and even compare your statements to
those of other businesses. Part of this is a ratio analysis. She
recommends you do some homework and find out some of the
prevailing ratios used in your industry for liquidity analysis,
profitability analysis, and debt and compare those standard
ratios with your own.
"This is all for your benefit," she says. "That's what financial
statements are for. You should be utilizing your financial
statements to measure your business against what you did in
prior years or to measure your business against another business
like yours."
If you are using your business plan to attract investment or get a
loan, you may also include a business financial history as part
of the financial section. This is a summary of your business
from its start to the present. Sometimes a bank might have a
section like this on a loan application. If you are seeking a loan,
you may need to add supplementary documents to the financial
section, such as the owner's financial statements, listing assets
and liabilities.
50. All of the various calculations you need to assemble the
financial section of a business plan are a good reason to look
for business planning software, so you can have this on your
computer and make sure you get this right. Software programs
also let you use some of your projections in the financial
section to create pie charts or bar graphs that you can use
elsewhere in your business plan to highlight your financials,
your sales history, or your projected income over three
years."It's a pretty well-known fact that if you are going to seek
equity investment from venture capitalists or angel investors,
“many advisors say, "they do like visuals."