SHAPING CULTURES AND ETHICS OF THE ORGANIZATION 1 Shaping Cultures and Ethics of the Organization Annotated Bibliography Author Note Cabana, G. C., & Muel, K. (2021). Team ethical cultures within an organization: A differentiation perspective on their existence and relevance:  Journal of Business Ethics, 170(4), 761-780. https://doi-org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s10551-019-04376-5 In this article, the authors highlight multiple ethical cultures at the organizational level. They explore the dynamics of team culture as it is the basics of team building and effective team management. In addition, they suggest that team culture is different from an organizational culture based on cultural differences and similarities. Positively associated organizational outcomes such as innovation and employee well-being have been linked to cohesive ethical culture in organizations. Team ethical culture can be multidimensional based on different cultures and values. I find this article useful as it describes the different ethical cultures at the team level and its implication at the management level of the organization. This article is pertinent to my research because the authors identified the different types of ethical cultures and how they relate and factor into an overall organizational culture. Cherian, J., Gaikar, V., Paul, R., & Pech, R. (2021). Corporate culture and its impact on employees’ attitude, performance, productivity, and behavior: An investigative analysis from selected organizations of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Journal of Open Innovation, 7(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010045 This article's authors posit corporate culture's impact on employees’ attitudes, performance, productivity, and behavior. They suggest that a substantial cultural influence impacts the company's overall mission when different groups of people come together to form a work environment. The research findings show a positive relationship between job performance, employee attitude, and organizational culture. In addition, the authors indicate that having a diverse work group fosters an environment for innovative thinking, which leads to the organization’s development. This article is helpful for my literature review as it powerfully reveals that factors such as employee satisfaction, behavior, and performance is vital in promoting an influential organizational culture, just as my other article by Maesschalck and Paesen (2021) determined that organizational culture is impacted by antecedents such as employee behavior. Gaur, N., & Gupta, V. (2021). Exploring the relationship between ethics and knowledge culture: A conceptual framework for successful organizations. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27, 1-13. Gaur and Gupta (2021) explore the relationship between ethics and knowledge by identifying the ethical norms that influence behaviors in organizati ...

1. SHAPING CULTURES AND ETHICS OF THE
ORGANIZATION 1
Shaping Cultures and Ethics of the Organization Annotated
Bibliography
Author Note
Cabana, G. C., & Muel, K. (2021). Team ethical cultures within
an organization: A differentiation perspective on their existence
and relevance:
Journal of Business Ethics, 170(4), 761-780.
https://doi-org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s10551-019-04376-5
In this article, the authors highlight multiple ethical cultures at
the organizational level. They explore the dynamics of team
culture as it is the basics of team building and effective team
management. In addition, they suggest that team culture is
different from an organizational culture based on cultural
differences and similarities. Positively associated organizational
outcomes such as innovation and employee well-being have

2. been linked to cohesive ethical culture in organizations. Team
ethical culture can be multidimensional based on different
cultures and values. I find this article useful as it describes the
different ethical cultures at the team level and its implication at
the management level of the organization. This article is
pertinent to my research because the authors identified the
different types of ethical cultures and how they relate and factor
into an overall organizational culture.
Cherian, J., Gaikar, V., Paul, R., & Pech, R. (2021). Corporate
culture and its impact on employees’ attitude, performance,
productivity, and behavior: An investigative analysis from
selected organizations of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Journal of Open Innovation, 7(1), 45.
https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010045
This article's authors posit corporate culture's impact on
employees’ attitudes, performance, productivity, and behavior.
They suggest that a substantial cultural influence impacts the
company's overall mission when different groups of people
come together to form a work environment. The research
findings show a positive relationship between job performance,
employee attitude, and organizational culture. In addition, the
authors indicate that having a diverse work group fosters an
environment for innovative thinking, which leads to the
organization’s development. This article is helpful for my
literature review as it powerfully reveals that factors such as
employee satisfaction, behavior, and performance is vital in
promoting an influential organizational culture, just as my other
article by Maesschalck and Paesen (2021) determined that
organizational culture is impacted by antecedents such as
employee behavior.
Gaur, N., & Gupta, V. (2021). Exploring the relationship
between ethics and knowledge culture: A conceptual framework
for successful organizations.
Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27, 1-13.

3. Gaur and Gupta (2021) explore the relationship between ethics
and knowledge by identifying the ethical norms that influence
behaviors in organizational culture. They suggest that for an
organization to be successful, it requires the practice of ethical
conduct to prepare and leverage effective organizations, as
ethics is the key driver to achieving a successful organization
(Gaur & Gupta, 2021). Also, they indicate that knowledge
culture and organization can facilitate opportunities to earn a
competitive advantage. Relating to my other articles, this article
displays the knowledge approach by integrating ethics and
culture. This article is relevant to my literature review because
the authors properly analyze the similarities between ethics and
knowledge culture and the dimensions of ethical issues in
organizational culture to include unethical indicators in a
corporate environment.
Maesschalck, J., & Paesen, H. (2021). Profiling organizational
culture: Using grid-group cultural theory as a lens to take a
snapshot of an organization’s culture.
SAGE Open, 11(4), 215824402110615.
https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211061564
Research by Maesschalck and Paesen (2021) examines an
organizational culture in a 15-dimensional framework of
organizational culture and six cultural profiles. They
determined that organizational culture is impacted by
organizational performance or employee behavior. In their
research, they discover that the makeup of organizational
culture is embedded in various cultural dimensions. Using grid-
group culture theory as a guide, they determined that the
different types of dimensions indicate the kind of organizational
culture. The findings of this article show that there is a
connection between organizational culture and type of
occupation. This article is relevant to my literature because it
distinguishes between various types of organizational culture,
including individualism, egalitarianism, hierarchy, and fatalism,
and how they factor into employee performance in an

4. organization.
Martínez, C., Skeet, A. G., & Sasia, P. M. (2021;2020).
Managing organizational ethics: How ethics become pervasive
within organizations.
Business Horizons, 64(1), 83-92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.09.008
Organizational ethics has been infused in many organizations as
it can positively influence employee commitment, productivity,
and customer loyalty. Martinez et al. (2021) indicate in their
research that cultural elements influence the management of
organizational cultures. They suggest that organizational leaders
should be ethically deliberate and socially responsible when
dealing with organizational ethics. The findings of this article
indicate that organizations are implementing culture
management to meet the demands of their customers to prevent
ethical dilemmas. They identify that the lack of ethics in
management was one of the leading causes of the 2009 financial
crisis. This article is helpful for my literature review as it
points to a cultural approach that focuses on value alignment to
build a shared ethical culture in an organization. Initiating and
incorporating an organization’s shared values will allow for
easier assimilation into an organization as it allows the steps of
culture management to help build an ethical culture.
Metwally, D., Ruiz-Palomino, P., Metwally, M., & Gartzia, L.
(2019). How ethical leadership shapes employees' readiness to
change: The mediating role of an organizational effectiveness
culture.
Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2493-2493.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02493
In this research by Metwally et al. (2019), the authors indicate
that the employees’ resistance to change is linked to the high
leadership turnover in a competitive environment. They suggest
that employees’ resistance to change might result from a lack of
ethical leadership. The authors argue that ethical leaders can

5. improve employee resistance through influential organizational
culture. Furthermore, they identify that the role of an ethical
leader in an organization is to demonstrate appropriate conduct
through good values, morals, and actions. This article is relative
to my literature review as it displays how organizational culture
is shaped by the members of the organization and their
leadership.
Nayak, T. (2021). Changing the organization’s culture.
Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications,
and Conflict, 25(4), 1-2.
https://go.openathens.net/redirector/liberty.edu?url=https://www
-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/scholarly-journals/changing-
organization-culture/docview/2539314064/se-2
Nayak (2021) examines the change in organizational culture.
The article discusses the factors that play a role in changing an
organization’s culture to include the values and behavior and
how it aligns with its members. An organization's ideologies,
principles, beliefs, and policies represent the work culture, and
it is essential to align with employees. The examples show an
employee’s view of cultural alignment and organizational
culture. This article is relevant to my literature review,
providing detailed examples of organization and work culture.
Nelson, W. A., Taylor, E., & Walsh, T. (2020). Building an
ethical organizational culture.
The Health Care Manager, 39(4), 168-174.
https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000304
The authors suggest that building an ethical organizational
culture requires aligning management and clinical decisions. In
this article, the authors indicate that solid organizational
leadership and effective planning are the requirements for
building an influential organizational culture. An organization-
wide communication prevents issues and challenges that can
lead to mismanagement of organizational culture. The authors
identify the process for creating an ethical culture in an

6. organization. These steps utilized together help facilitate a
cultural transformation of an organization. This article is
relevant to my literature review as it identifies the steps for
creating an ethics-grounded culture and offers similar research
to my other articles.
Pau, C., Martin, M., & Ciurea, J. (2021). A managerial
perspective on ethical culture in organizations and institutions
. Robotică Şi Management (Reșița), 26(1), 27-30.
https://doi.org/10.24193/rm.2021.1.6
In this article, the authors assess the managerial perspectives of
ethical culture in organizations by establishing that ethics is an
integral part of decision-making in an organization. The
different dimensions of ethical performance cultivate the
content of ethics within the organization. The ethical climate
influences the behaviors of the organization's members, and the
managers' assertiveness will prevent unethical behaviors and
foster a cohesive work environment. The findings of this article
are relatable to my other articles as it shows that a leadership
presence allows the employee to feel a part of the institution
and be more productive.
Peace, I. O., & Agboola, M. (2021). Customers’ perception of
principles of organizational ethics as a determinant of
organizational productivity.
Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(3), 1-
11.
This article identifies customers’ perceptions of organizational
ethics and how it determines organizational productivity. The
article describes customer perceptions influence the
productivity of organizations. Increased customer satisfaction
improves organizational culture and enhances productivity. This
shapes the culture of the organization and has a significant
effect on organizational ethics. This article applies to my
literature review as it identifies that customer and employee
perception influences productivity.

7. Rhodes, C. (2022). The ethics of organizational ethics.
Organization Studies, 17084062210820.
https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406221082055
Rhodes (2022) assesses the ethics of an organization ethic by
identifying organizations that function without an ethical
committee. In this article, the author suggests that ethics is
based on individual action instead of organizational rules and
procedures. However, the assessment of ethics that individuals
should be responsible for their choices and constitute that
organization must reside with regulations to be able to govern
effectively. This article can be helpful in my literature review
to help determine the morality of ethics in the hierarchy and
how it can help shape an organization’s culture.
Roque, A., Moreira, J. M., Dias Figueiredo, J., Albuquerque, R.,
& Gonçalves, H. (2020). Ethics beyond leadership: Can ethics
survive bad leadership
? Journal of Global Responsibility, 11(3), 275-294.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-06-2019-0065
Roque et al. (2020) indicate that maintaining ethics in bad
leadership can be difficult. They suggest the importance of
ethical leadership in an organization. Leaders have an influence
on organizational ethics, so it is important to have the right
group of leaders leading the organization in the right direction.
They suggest that a single change in leadership can have a
positive or negative influence on the organizatio n. Leaders are
vital in an ethical climate, so employees’ and customers’
perceptions must indicate good values and behavior. This article
is related to my other articles that detail management’s role in
organization ethics and culture.
Schwepker, C. H., Valentine, S. R., Giacalone, R. A., &
Promislo, M. (2020;2021). Good barrels yield healthy apples:
Organizational ethics as a mechanism for mitigating work-
related stress and promoting employee well-being.
Journal of Business Ethics, 174(1), 143-159.

8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04562-w
In this article, the authors suggest that organizations should
take proper initiative in improving their cultural and ethical
climate by selecting the best leaders to help improve the code of
ethics and communication within the organization. Employee
well-being is linked to organizational ethics as the ethical
climate produces a conducive environment that allows
employees to thrive. This shows that good leadership
significantly impacts employee well-being, which improves an
organization's culture. Compared to many of my other articles,
this article helps my argument that the right culture must
support and reinforce the strategy and structure of an effective
work environment.
BUSI 610
Literature Review: Final Assignment Instructions
Overview
What Is a Literature Review?
A literature review is a survey and a discussion of the literature
in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has
been studied, argued, and established about a topic; it is
generally organized chronologically or thematically. A
literature review is also written in essay format.
A literature review is not an annotated bibliography because it
groups related works together and discusses trends and
developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is
also not a summary; rather, a literature review evaluates
previous and current research in regards to how relevant and/or
useful it is and how it relates to your own research. Therefore, a
literature review is more than an annotated bibliography or a
summary because you are organizing and presenting your
sources in terms of their overall relationship to your problem
statement.

9. A literature review is written to highlight specific arguments
and ideas in a field of study. By highlighting these arguments,
the writer attempts to show what has been studied in the field
and also where there are weaknesses, gaps, or areas needing
further study. The literature review must also demonstrate to the
reader why the writer’s research is useful, necessary, important,
and valid.
Literature reviews can have different types of audiences, so
consider why and for whom you are writing your review. For
example, many literature reviews are written as a chapter for a
thesis or dissertation in order to support a proposal or are
written in order to help the writer develop a base of knowledge
in a particular business area.
Asking the following questions will assist you in sifting through
your sources and organizing your literature review. Remember,
your
Literature Review: Final Assignment organizes the
previous research in light of what you are planning to do in
your own project.
· What's been done in this topic area to date? What are the
significant discoveries, key concepts, arguments, and/or
theories that scholars have put forward? Which are the
important works?
· On which particular areas of the topic has previous research
concentrated? Have there been developments over time? What
methodologies have been used?
· Are there any gaps in the research? Are there areas that have
not been looked at closely yet but should be? Are there new
ways of looking at the topic?
· Are there improved methodologies for researching this

10. subject?
· What future directions should research in this subject take?
· How will your research build on or depart from current and
previous research on the topic? What contribution will your
research make to the field?
How Do I Organize and Structure the Literature Review?
There are several ways to organize and structure a literature
review. Two common ways are chronologically and
thematically. You will be using the thematic structure in this
review. In a thematic review, you will group and discuss your
sources in terms of the themes or topics they cover. This
method is often a stronger one organizationally, and it can also
assist you in resisting the urge to summarize your sources. By
grouping themes or topics of research together, you will be able
to demonstrate the types of topics that are important to your
research. For example, if the topic of the literature review is
improving productivity in organizations, then there might be
separate sections of research involving service-oriented
businesses, production-oriented businesses, non-profit
organizations, governmental organizations, etc. Within each
section of a thematic literature review, it is important to discuss
how the research relates to other studies (how is it similar or
different, what other studies have been done, etc.) as well as to
demonstrate how it relates to your own work. This is what the
review is for; do not leave this connection out!
What is the Process?
During the first module, you will choose a topic to research
from the list provided by the instructor. After the topic has been
chosen/provided, you will begin your project. Listed below is a
recommended outline of steps that will assist you in writing a
thematically organized literature review.
1.
Annotated bibliography: Write a brief critical synopsis
of each as you read articles, books, etc. on your topic. After

11. going through your reading list, you will have an abstract or
annotation of each source you read. Later annotations are likely
to include more references to other works since you will have
your previous readings to compare, but, at this point, the
important goal is to get accurate critical summaries of each
individual work.
2.
Thematic organization: Write some brief paragraphs
outlining your categories that state how, in general, the works
in each category relate to each other, how the categories relate
to each other, and how the categories relate to your overall
theme. Find common themes in the works you read and organize
the works into categories. Typically, each work you include in
your review can fit into 1 category or sub-theme of your main
theme; occasionally, a work can fit in more than 1 category (if
each work you read can fit into all the categories you list, you
probably need to rethink your organization).
3.
More reading: Due to the knowledge that you have
gained in your readings, you now have a better understanding of
your topic and of the literature related to it. Perhaps you have
discovered specific researchers who are important to the field or
research methodologies you were not aware of. Look for more
literature by those authors, on those methodologies, etc. You
may also be able to set aside some less relevant areas or articles
that you pursued initially. Integrate the new readings into your
Literature Review draft. Reorganize your themes and read more
as appropriate.
4.
Write individual sections: For each thematic section,
use your draft annotations (it is recommended to reread the
articles and revise annotations, especially those you read first)

12. to write a section that discusses the articles relevant to that
theme. Rather than focusing your writing on each individual
article, focus your writing on the theme of that section and
show how the articles relate to each other and to the theme. Use
the articles as evidence to support your critique of the theme
rather than using the theme as an angle to discuss each article
individually.
5.
Integrate sections: Now that you have the thematic
sections, tie them together with an introduction, conclusion, and
some additions/ revisions in the individual sections in order to
demonstrate how they relate to each other and to your overall
theme.
What Additional Points Must I Consider?
The following are some points to address when writing about
specific works you are reviewing. In dealing with a
paper/argument/theory, you need to assess it (clearly understand
and state the claim) and analyze it (evaluate its reliability,
usefulness, and validity). Look for the following points as you
assess and analyze the readings. You do not need to state them
all explicitly, but keep them in mind as you write your review:
·
Be specific and be succinct. Briefly state specific
findings listed in an article, specific methodol ogies used in a
study, or other important points. Literature reviews are not the
place for long quotes or an in-depth analysis of each point.
·
Be selective. You are attempting to reduce a lot of
information into a small space. Mention just the most important
points (those most relevant to the review's focus) in each work

13. you review.
·
Is it a current article? How old is it? Have its claims,
evidence, or arguments been superseded by more recent work?
If it is not current, is it important for historical background?
·
What specific claims are made? Are they stated clearly?
·
What support is given for those claims?
· What evidence and what type (experimental, statistical,
anecdotal, etc.) are offered? Is the evidence relevant?
Sufficient?
· What arguments are given? What assumptions are made and
are they warranted?
·
A word of caution: It is absolutely essential that you
understand your article. If you do not understand the article, do
not use it. Also, do not depend on the abstract or the conclusion
for a full understanding of what the article says; you can often
be misled.
How Do I Find the Literature?
Just as there are many avenues for the literature to be published
and disseminated, there are many avenues for searching for and
finding the literature. There are, for example, a variety of
general and subject-specific indexes that list citations to
publications (books, articles, conference proceedings,
dissertations, etc.). The Liberty University Online Student

14. Library Services website has links to the library catalog as well
as many indexes and databases in which to search for resources;
it also provides you with subject guides that list resources
appropriate for specific academic disciplines. When you find
appropriate books, articles, etc., look in its bibliographies for
other publications and also for other authors writing about the
same topics. For research assistance tailored to your topic,
please email the Liberty University Online Librarian.
Tips on Identifying and Organizing Your Findings
There is no way to predict what themes you will find. The
themes could include definitions, topics, theories, agreements,
and even disagreements in the literature. Design a descriptive
code word or a few phrases to define each theme (some people
even use different colored highlighters to assist them in
organization). With 15 articles and 16 pages of content, you
will likely have anywhere between 4–6 major themes for your
Literature Review: Final. However, it is highly unlikely that
each of the 15 articles that you read will contain all the themes
that you have identified. Below is an example of 10
hypothetical articles with 4 hypothetical themes.
Article
Theme
1
A
2
A, B
3
D
4
B
5
A, D
6
A, C
7
B, C

15. 8
A, B, C
9
A, B, C, D
10
B, C
The chart is not very helpful except as a prelude to further
organization. Your Literature Review must be written
thematically, not chronologically. You will not be reviewing
one article after another in your Literature Review; rather, you
will be investigating the themes contained in those articles.
Therefore, the organization of your articles will look similar to
the following example:
Theme
Articles Cited
A
1, 2, 5, 8, 9
B
2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10
C
6, 7, 8, 9, 10
D
3, 5, 9
You may be pondering as to which theme will go first.
Ultimately, the order of the themes is your decision, but keep
the thematic organization logical. The themes provide the
subheadings for the content of your
Literature Review: Final Assignment; therefore, this is
an efficient way to organize and write your paper.
Instructions
What is the Final Format?
As previously stated, the
Literature Review: Final Assignment will be written in
current APA format, must be a minimum of 16 pages (not

16. including the title page, abstract, and references), and must
utilize at least 15 scholarly references. The final format must
include the following:
· Title page;
· Abstract;
· Outline;
· Introduction (no longer than 1 page);
· Findings (a minimum of 13 pages);
· Conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for further
study (a minimum of 2 pages); and
· References that are current (less than 3 years) or important for
historical background.
Please review the
Literature Review: Final Grading Rubric before
submission.
View the
Literature Review: Final Resources section under the
Literature Review: Final page.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the
Turnitin plagiarism tool.
Page 1 of 1
SHAPING CULTURES AND ETHICS OF THE
ORGANIZATION OUTLINE 1
Shaping Cultures and Ethics of the Organization Outline

17. Author Note
Shaping Culture and Ethics of the Organization Outline
I.
Abstract
i. Culture is a set of values that provides employees with a
shared mindset and a sense of organizational identity. The four
categories of culture are adaptability, achievement, clan, and
bureaucracy. Each category of organizational culture has a
distinct effect on cultural values, strategy, structure, and the
environment. A key part of an organization is organizational
ethics. The code of ethics in every organization specifies the
core values, ethical guidelines, and best practices to follow for
ethical decision-making. The observable aspects of the
organizational culture include rites and ceremonies, stories,
symbols, organizational structures, power relationships, and
control systems. The design of an organization reflects its
culture because it guides and informs the actions of all the
members within the organization. For an organization to be
effective, the right culture must support and reinforce the
strategy and structure to be effective in its environment. The
appropriate management of culture enhances the ethics of an

18. organization because employees must perceive decisions as
ethically consistent with their values. Ethical imperative and
responsibility expand beyond the norm and focus on climate
sensitivity and respect for gender identity. Businesses that have
ethical workplace cultures outperform their competitors and
peers in all the categories that matter. Culture influences the
degree to which ethics becomes embedded within an
organization. Patterns of opportunities, conditions, and cultural
elements are specific elements of cultures that help bring of
sense of responsibility to society. Strong organizational
leadership is essential in building an ethics-grounded
organization
II.
Introduction
A. Organizational Culture
i. Culture is a set of values that provides employees with a
shared mindset and a sense of organizational identity.
ii. “Organizational Culture is a set of learned, shared values and
assumptions that influence how members interact with each
other, as well as with the environment” (Balaji et al., 2020, p.
2).
iii. The design of an organization reflects its culture because it
guides and informs the actions of all the members within the
organization.
iv. For an organization to be effective, the right culture must
support and reinforce the strategy and structure to be effective
in its environment (Daft, 2021).
B. Organizational Ethics
i. The principles that guide the decisions and behavior of
individuals in the workplace. It is the code of code that helps
promote integrity among the members of the organization
ii. The code of ethics in every organization specifies the core
values, ethical guidelines, and best practices to follow for
ethical decision-making.

19. III.
Findings
A. Shaping culture and Ethics in an organization
i. “Culture influences the degree to which ethics becomes
embedded within an organization” (Martinez et al., 2021).
ii. The appropriate management of culture enhances the ethics
of an organization because employees must perceive decisions
as ethically consistent with their values (Martinez et al., 2021).
iii. Importance of corporate ethics in a global environment
B. Categories of Culture
i. The four categories of culture are adaptability, achievement,
clan, and bureaucracy.
1. Each category of organizational culture has a distinct effect
on cultural values, strategy, structure, and the environment
(Daft, 2021).
C. Organizational Ethics and Culture
i. Strong organizational leadership is essential in building an
ethics-grounded organization (Nelson et al., 2020).
ii. Organizational ethical climate is attributed to knowledge
culture and sharing (Gaur & Gupta, 2021).
D. Integration of culture and ethics in an organization
i. Relationship between the ethics and culture in an organization
ii. Team culture focuses on cultural differences, while
organizational culture comprises shared assumptions, values,
and behaviors
E. Team ethical cultures within an organization
i. Patterns of opportunities, conditions, and cultural elements
are specific elements of cultures that help bring of sense of
responsibility to society (Martinez et al., 2021)
F. Organizational culture’s impact on employees’ attitudes,
performance, and productivity
i. The culture of an organization has an impact on the
performance, productivity, and attitudes of the employees
ii. “Organizational culture serves as a swaying mechanism for
employee behavior.” (Cherian et al., 2021).

20. G. Observable aspects of the organizational culture
(MARTINEZ IS A GOOD SOURCE)
i. Rites and ceremonies
ii. Stories and Saying
iii. Symbols
iv. Control Systems
v. Power Relationships
vi. Organizational Structures
H. Building an ethical organizational change
i. Ethical imperative and responsibility expand beyond the norm
and focus on climate sensitivity and respect for gender identity
(Sampson, 2021).
IV. Recommendations and suggestions for further study
A. Importance of integration in business
B. Implementation of cultural and ethical programs
C. Incidents with cultural dimensions within an organization
V. Conclusion
A. Culture helps employees relate to each other and adapt to the
organization’s environment.
VI. References
Cabana, G. C., & Muel, K. (2021). Team ethical cultures within
an organization: A differentiation perspective on their existence
and relevance:
Journal of Business Ethics, 170(4), 761-780.
https://doi-org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s10551-019-04376-5
Cherian, J., Gaikar, V., Paul, R., & Pech, R. (2021). Corporate
culture and its impact on employees’ attitude, performance,
productivity, and behavior: An investigative analysis from
selected organizations of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Journal of Open Innovation, 7(1), 45.
https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010 045
Daft, R. L. (2021). Organization theory & design (13 ed.).
Boston MA: Cengage Learning.
Gaur, N., & Gupta, V. (2021). Exploring the relationship

21. between ethics and knowledge culture: A conceptual framework
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Introduction
The two critically essential functions of organizational culture
are to integrate members and help the organization—culture
help employees relate to each other and adapt to the
organization’s environment. A strong corporate culture is a
criterion for a firm to excel in its environment. An
organization’s culture also guides employee decision-making in
the absence of written rules or policies (Daft, 2021, p. 447)
Organizational culture exists at two levels, the visible and the
invisible.

24. Findings
Main headings
Subheadings
Recommendations and suggestions for further study
Conclusion
References
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SHAPING CULTURES AND ETHICS OF THE
ORGANIZATION ABSTRACT 1
Shaping Cultures and Ethics of the Organization Abstract
Author Note
Abstract
Culture is a set of values that provides employees with a shared
mindset and a sense of organizational identity. Culture helps set
the tone, normalize the behavior, shape the goals, and execute

25. strategy for an organization.Using the four categories of
culture: adaptability, achievement, clan, and bureaucracy, this
paper analyzes the cultures and ethics of organizations. The
observable aspects of the organizational culture are vital to how
the organizations function. These aspects include rites and
ceremonies, stories, symbols, organizational structures, power
relationships, and control systems. The code of ethics in every
organization specifies the core values, ethical guidelines, and
best practices to follow for ethical decision-making. Studies
show that the design of an organization reflects its culture
because it guides and informs the actions of all the members
within the organization. For an organization to be effective, the
right culture must support and reinforce the strategy and
structure to be effective in its environment. The appropriate
management of culture enhances the ethics of an organization
because employees must perceive decisions as ethically
consistent with their values. Ethical imperative and
responsibility expand beyond the norm and focus on climate
sensitivity and respect for gender identity. Businesses with
ethical workplace cultures outperform their competitors and
peers in all categories. The initial focus of this paper targets
how culture influences the degree to which ethics becomes
embedded within an organization. Patterns of opportunities,
conditions, and cultural elements are specific elements of
cultures that help bring of sense of responsibility to society.
Keywords: Culture, Ethics, Organization Culture,
Organizational Ethics