A Review on Wireless Sensor Network Protocol for Disaster ManagementEditor IJCATR
Disasters management and emergency services
warning , landslide monitoring, earthquake rescue operation , volcano monitoring, and fire protection. Timely report and res
especially important for reducing the number of sufferers and damages from incidents. In such cases, the communicati
may not function well. This makes it hard to gain information about the incident, and then to respond to the incident rapi
properly. Sensor networks can provide a good solution to these problems through actively monitoring and
emergency incidents to base station. Our objective on this topic aim to study different sensor network protocols to resolve
technical problems in this area, thus identify the energy efficient wireless sensor network archite
disaster management . We also analyze the WSN protocol based on metrics such as Energy efficiency, location awareness, network
lifetime. It furthermore focuses the advantages and performance for disaster management.
Sensor Network for Landslide Monitoring With Laser Ranging System Avoiding Ra...Waqas Tariq
Sensor network for landslide monitoring with laser ranging system is developed together with landslide disaster relief with remote sensing satellite imagery data. Time diversity is utilized for rainfall influence avoidance in the distance measurements between laser ranging equipment and targets. Also automatic tie point extraction method is proposed. Experimental results show that (1) the proposed time diversity of the laser ranging measurement does work for avoidance from rainfall influence; (2) the proposed automatic control point extraction method does work for tie point matching together with change detection for landslide disaster relief.
A Review on Wireless Sensor Network Protocol for Disaster ManagementEditor IJCATR
Disasters management and emergency services
warning , landslide monitoring, earthquake rescue operation , volcano monitoring, and fire protection. Timely report and res
especially important for reducing the number of sufferers and damages from incidents. In such cases, the communicati
may not function well. This makes it hard to gain information about the incident, and then to respond to the incident rapi
properly. Sensor networks can provide a good solution to these problems through actively monitoring and
emergency incidents to base station. Our objective on this topic aim to study different sensor network protocols to resolve
technical problems in this area, thus identify the energy efficient wireless sensor network archite
disaster management . We also analyze the WSN protocol based on metrics such as Energy efficiency, location awareness, network
lifetime. It furthermore focuses the advantages and performance for disaster management.
Sensor Network for Landslide Monitoring With Laser Ranging System Avoiding Ra...Waqas Tariq
Sensor network for landslide monitoring with laser ranging system is developed together with landslide disaster relief with remote sensing satellite imagery data. Time diversity is utilized for rainfall influence avoidance in the distance measurements between laser ranging equipment and targets. Also automatic tie point extraction method is proposed. Experimental results show that (1) the proposed time diversity of the laser ranging measurement does work for avoidance from rainfall influence; (2) the proposed automatic control point extraction method does work for tie point matching together with change detection for landslide disaster relief.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Shallow Landslide Activation, Pretto_Lanni
1. Influence of shape, antecedent
conditions and rainfall intensity on
shallow landslide activation
Ilaria Pretto, Cristiano Lanni
University of Trento
Eurac – Bolzano – 10/02/2010
2. Overview
TYPE OF ZONING:
Failure
criterion
susceptibility and
hazard maps
Models
Setup
TYPE OF LANDSLIDE:
shallow landslide
Shape
Rainfall
Intensity TRIGGERING FACTOR:
induced rainfall
Time
Volume
LEVEL OF ZONING:
Shalstab
advanced
Take home
3. Overview
Failure
Infinite slope model
criterion
Models
The failure criterion, according to Bishop (1959) is:
Setup
Shape SUCTION
Rainfall
account the contribution of negative pore-water pressure on soil shear strength
Intensity
Time
The safety factor SF is defined as:
Volume
Shalstab
if < 0 (positive pore-water pressure)
Take home
4. Overview
GEOtop hydrological model [Rigon et al. (2006)]
Failure
criterion 3-dimensional form of Richards’ equation
Models
Setup
Shape
follow the evolution of soil-pore pressure during the rainfall event
Rainfall
output maps of GEOtop hydrological model
Intensity
Time
each discertized soil layer
pore water pressure for each discertized soil layer
Volume every time step
Shalstab coupling the infinite slope stability model with the phisical based hydrological
model is possible to investigate the evolution of the hillslope SAFETY FACTOR
Take home
5. Overview
Mualem (1976) parametic formula for hydraulic conducibility
Failure
criterion
Models
Setup
Shape
Rainfall
Mualem-Van Genuchten (1978) parametric formula for the retention curve
Intensity
Time
Volume
Where:
Se is the effective saturation
Shalstab ϑ is the saturation degree
ϑr is the residual water content
Ψ is the piezometric load
Take home
6. Overview
Failure
The role of the ANTECEDENT CONDITION
criterion
Objectives
soil wetness degree
The role of the HILLSLOPE SHAPE
Setup
plan shape
profile curvature
Shape
Rainfall
The role of the RAINFALL INTENSITY
Intensity low
Time
medium
high
Volume
Comparison between hydrological models: SHALSTAB and GEOtop
Shalstab
simplified model vs complex one
Take home
7. Overview
LANDSLIDE CARACHTERISTCS:
Failure
shallow landslisde, unpredictable with instruments
criterion
Models
SOIL COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS
Setup
silty-sand soil, internal friction angle 38°,
Shape saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks=10-4 m/s
soil depth 2m, area 900m2, average slope 35°
Rainfall
Intensity
impermeable bedrock
Time
ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS AND RAINFALL
Volume
3 different rainfall intensity: low 6mm/h (1.5% Ks)
medium 18mm/h (5% Ks)
Shalstab high 36mm/h (10% Ks)
Take home
2 different soil-moisture antecedent conditions: dry (saturation degree = 25%)
wet (saturation degree = 75%)
8. Overview
TOPOGRAPHIC SHAPES
Failure
3 plan shapes: parallel, convergent, divergent
criterion
3 profile curvatures: straight, convex, concave
Models
Setup
Shape
Rainfall
Intensity
Time
Volume
Shalstab
Take home Evans formulation
10. Overview
• Straight profile curvature
Failure non saturo tanα< tan Φ’
criterion
Models tanα> tan Φ’
saturo
FS water table slope
Setup • Convex profile curvature
tanα< tan Φ’
Shape non saturo
tanα> tan Φ’
Rainfall saturo
Intensity FS water table slope
Time • Concave profile curvature
Volume tanα< tan Φ’
non saturo
tanα> tan Φ’
Shalstab saturo
water table slope
FS
Take home
12. Overview
• Parallel shape
Failure non saturo tanα< tan Φ’
criterion
Models tanα> tan Φ’
saturo
water table slope
FS
Setup
• Convergent shape
non saturo
Shape tanα< tan Φ’
saturo tanα> tan Φ’
Rainfall
Intensity
FS water table slope
Time
• Divergent shape
Volume
tanα< tan Φ’
non saturo
Shalstab tanα> tan Φ’
saturo
FS water table slope
Take home
13. Overview
INITIAL CONDITION
Failure Total rainfall volume = 180 mm
criterion
Models
Setup
SAFETY FACTOR (convex-convergent hillslope)
Shape
Rainfall
Intensity
Time
Volume Rainfall intensity = 6mm/h Rainfall intensity = 18mm/h Rainfall intensity = 36mm/h
Percentuale instabile = 16.8% Percentuale instabile = 65.7% Percentuale instabile = 81.1%
Shalstab
Take home
14. Overview
Time needed to achieve specific percentages of destabilized hillslope area for
Failure
a continuous rainfall simulation of 5 days event
criterion
SHAPE has no
Models
influence for small
percentage of
instable area
Setup
For high percentage,
Shape CONVERGENT
hillslope reaches
instability earlier
Rainfall
Intensity
Time Hillslope
propensity to
Volume landslide
Shalstab
Take home
15. Overview
Rain-volume and Total-volume needed to achieve specific percentages of hillslope
Failure
area for a continuous rainfall simulation of 5 days event
criterion
Models
Setup
Shape
Rainfall
Intensity
Time
Volume
Shalstab
For DRY scenarios the RAINFALL
The TOTAL VOLUME of water to reach
intensity influences more the instability a specific percentage of unstable area is the
Take home process same for both WET and DRY scenarios
16. Overview
THRESHOLD BEHAVIOUR
Failure
criterion
Models
Setup
Shape
Rainfall
Intensity
Time
Volume
Shalstab
Long rainfall time is needed to achieve a small percentage of unstable area (5%) but only a short time is therefore
needed to quickly increase the destabilized area for both wet and dry cases
Take home
17. Overview
DRY SCENARIOS: pore water pressure evolution pixels numeration
1) SUBSURFACE NORMAL FLOW
Failure
criterion
2) SUBSURFACE LATERAL FLOW: very
significant in cases of HIGH rainfall intensity
Models
Setup
low rainfall intensity high rainfall intensity
Shape pore water
pressure
Rainfall
Intensity Critical
pressure
Time head
FAILURE!
Volume
Shalstab
pixel number pixel number
Take home
18. Overview
doesn’t consider sliding processes caused by saturation from above. Instability
conditions can be reached only from below
Failure
criterion
consider sub-superficial flow in steady-state conditions
Models
doesn’t take into account the shear resistance in unsaturated zone
Setup
Shape
Rainfall
Intensity
Time
Volume
Shalstab
Take home
19. Overview
Unconditionally unstable
Failure
criterion
Models
Unconditionally stable
Setup
Shape
Stable
Rainfall
Intensity
Time
Unstable
Volume
Shalstab
Take home
20. An example on the usage of JGrass
consolle
Overview
Failure Instability
criterion
propension:
JGrass consolle
Models Safety Factor with
SHALSTAB
Setup formulation
Shape
Rainfall
Intensity
Time
3D visualization
Volume
Shalstab
Take home
21. Overview
concave-parallel
Failure
criterion
Models
real Ip effective Ip GEOtop
Setup
concave-convergent
Shape
Rainfall GEOtop
Intensity real Ip effective Ip
concave-divergent
Time
Volume
real Ip effective Ip GEOtop
Shalstab
Take home
22. Overview
Failure
• the WETNESS DEGREE plays a fundamental role on the instability: when 5% of
criterion hillslope area reaches instability (relevant soil wetness reached) failure propagation
velocity increases
Models • WET antecedent moisture condition induces faster development of LATERAL
SUBSURFACE FLOW
Setup
the DRYER the ANTECEDENT CONDITION is and the LOWER the
Shape
RAINFALL INTENSITY is, the more the HILLSLOPE SHAPE is relevant on
the triggering of shallow landslides
VERTICAL and LATERAL subsurface flow
Rainfall
Intensity
Time
• the controller is the TOTAL VOLUME
• the HIGHER the RAINFALL INTENSITY is, the HIGHER total volume is
needed
Volume • when RAINFALL INTENSITY is MEDIUM-HIGH, the triggering of shallow
landslide occurs BEFORE STEADY_STATE CONDITIONS are reached
Shalstab
Take home
Simplified models need simple parameters which are difficult to estimate
23. Overview
Failure
the contribution of unsaturated soil condition provide an additional shear strenght
criterion to the soil so that it may ensure the stability of steep slope (in areas where the
internal friction angle in smaller than the slope inclination)
Models
Setup
Shape
Rainfall
Intensity
Time
Volume
Shalstab
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