The document summarizes a science fair project that investigated how different liquids affect renal function and urine production. The project involved three participants drinking one liter each of water, tea, and coke, and then collecting and measuring their urine at 20 minute intervals over 100 minutes. It found that coffee produced the most urine and that the different liquids affected the pH and volume of urine excreted. The purpose was to show how the kidneys respond to different fluids by modifying urine production.
Urine is the body's liquid waste composed of water, salt urea and uric acid. Urine can be evaluated by its physical appearance (color, cloudiness, odor, clarity), also referred to as a macroscopic analysis. It can be also analyzed based on its chemical and molecular properties, including microscopic assessment.
Laboratory and diagnostic examination(urine analysis)anjalatchi
laboratory investigation like urine and stool test like meaning, type of test, interpretation nurses role in laboratory investigation collectin and transportation etc.
ABSTRACT- This study is a comparative analysis of physicochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water
intake in urban area of Patna District, Bihar state. A total of 68 drinking water samples randomly collected from 41
hand pumps, 14 municipal supply tap, 11 boring water and 2 well from 15 different locations of urban area of Patna
District. Samples were collected aseptically in 60ml sterile plastic container for bacteriological and in 1 liter sterile
plastic bottle for physicochemical parameter like pH, Total Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand,
etc and compared with BIS (IS -10500). MPN test was applied to detect the presence of coliform in the drinking water
samples. The total coliform count was detected in 57 out of 68 water samples. Most of the water samples were shown
compromising physicochemical parameters. Total hardness (TH) is above the permissible limits detected in 60 out of 68
samples. Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) was also recorded below the standard for most of the samples .This results indicate
that drinking water is highly in jeopardy to bacterial contamination. Construction of septic tanks near with boring and
drinking water supply line short distance between water supply network and swage supply line poor constructed well
head, cross contamination with waste water, Leakage in pipe line are the main cause of water contamination.
Key-words- Drinking water, MPN count, Coliforms, Physico-chemical analysis, Bacterial, D.O., B.O.D., pH
Urinalysis Hands on Lab AssignmentIntroductionThe million nephr.docxjessiehampson
Urinalysis Hands on Lab Assignment
Introduction:
The million nephrons in each of your kidneys form urine and which allows the body to get rid of metabolic wastes from blood and maintain homeostasis by regulating blood pH, water volume and ion concentrations in blood. Urinalysis is a standard test that can determine if the urine formation is normal or abnormal. In doing this lab we can determine the volume of urine, chemical and physical properties, and microscopic composition along with levels of some metabolic waste materials in blood.
Pre-activity
There are three processes for making urine, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. Below, for each of the processes below, define them and describe where they occur in the nephron.
1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion
Activity 1: The Nephron
Make a hand drawn picture of the nephron, make sure to include all of the structures and information listed below.
A. Renal corpuscle
B. Renal tubule
C. Location of glomerular filtration
D. Location and directional arrow of tubular reabsorption
E. Location and directional arrow of tubular secretion
F. Proximal convoluted tubule
G. Distal convoluted tubule
H. Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
I. Collecting duct
J. Ascending loop of Henle
K. Descending loop of Henle
Post your labeled picture here.
Activity 2: Renal Reabsorption and Secretion
Using pages 970-988 in your lecture book and these videos Urinary System 1 (opens window) and Urinary System 2 (opens window) use the table below to predict the difference in osmolarity between the filtrate in the glomerular capsule and the other regions of the nephron. Will it be higher, lower, the same as, or dependent on hormones? For example, looking at the first structure in the table, does the filtrate found at the beginning of the proximal convoluted tubule have a higher/lower/same as the filtrate found in the glomerular capsule or does it depend on the hormones present?
Nephron structure
Glomerular Capsule
Beginning of proximal convoluted tubule
End of proximal convoluted tubule
End of the descending limb of the Loop of Henle
End of the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Table 1: Filtrate Osmolarity Comparison
Activity One and Two Conclusion Questions
1. What is filtrate? What does it contain?
2. There are several substances in blood that are not filtered in the glomerulus. What are these substances? What prevents them from being filtered out? (Hint: think about the type of capillary makes up the glomerulus.)
3. What factors play a part in glomerular filtration rate? What is the main factor that determines the rate of glomerular filtration? How is the glomerular filtration rate regulated?
4. Explain the countercurrent mechanism for urine concentration. Make sure you address 1. What is being added to or removed from the filtrate in the Loop of Henle and how that happens. 2. Compar ...
Running Head Title1Title6Rough Draft Water conta.docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: Title
1
Title
6
Rough Draft: Water contamination
Brittany Loud
SCI 207: Dependence of man on the environment
Instructor: Lisa Johnson
Date: 3/25/16
Water Contamination Testing
Introduction
Body Paragraph #1 - Background:
Water pollution refers to the contamination of natural sources of water such as groundwater, streams, rivers, lakes and oceans due to the introduction of contaminants directly or indirectly into these waters. Polluted water can have serious negative effects to the health of any organism that lives in or drinks this water. It is important to society to keep up with water pollution research because it is the leading cause of diseases being transferred to people and animals killing them daily. “With 1.2 billion people lacking clean water, waterborne infections account for 80 percent of all infectious diseases. Increased water pollution creates breeding grounds for malaria-carrying mosquitoes, killing 1.2 million to 2.7 million people a year, and air pollution kills about 3 million people a year. Unsanitary living conditions account for more than 5 million deaths each year, of which more than half are children.” (Lang, Susan,2007).If we want to continue to be healthy and thrive on earth, we must respect it by not destroying the water that helps plants grow and animals and humans live.
Body Paragraph # 2 - Objective:
The objective of my study is to find out what water is contaminated the most and what should people really be drinking tap water or bottled water? Most people go out and buy bottled water not knowing how that water is processed and what’s really in it. My objective aims to seek out the answers of what is considered more safe to drink and should people continue to buy bottled water from these big corporations that make millions off of these products. “NRDC conducted a four-year review of the bottled water industry and the safety standards that govern it, including a comparison of national bottled water rules with national tap water rules, and independent testing of over 1,000 bottles of water. Our conclusion is that there is no assurance that just because water comes out of a bottle it is any cleaner or safer than water from the tap. And in fact, an estimated 25 percent or more of bottled water is really just tap water in a bottle -- sometimes further treated, sometimes not.” (National Resources Defense Council, 2008).
Body Paragraph # 3 - Hypotheses:
I did an experiment with contaminated water that consisted of three different tests of Vegetable oil, Vinegar and laundry detergent. These tests were done to see how they polluted the water and could they be filtered out using ordinary products like cheese cloth and different soils such as dirt and sand. My Hypothesis for filtering out the contaminated water was that I believe that the rocks and sand will help filter out anything that is contaminated in the water by acting as a natural filtration system. In my Hypothesis for how contaminated the wate ...
Urine is the body's liquid waste composed of water, salt urea and uric acid. Urine can be evaluated by its physical appearance (color, cloudiness, odor, clarity), also referred to as a macroscopic analysis. It can be also analyzed based on its chemical and molecular properties, including microscopic assessment.
Laboratory and diagnostic examination(urine analysis)anjalatchi
laboratory investigation like urine and stool test like meaning, type of test, interpretation nurses role in laboratory investigation collectin and transportation etc.
ABSTRACT- This study is a comparative analysis of physicochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water
intake in urban area of Patna District, Bihar state. A total of 68 drinking water samples randomly collected from 41
hand pumps, 14 municipal supply tap, 11 boring water and 2 well from 15 different locations of urban area of Patna
District. Samples were collected aseptically in 60ml sterile plastic container for bacteriological and in 1 liter sterile
plastic bottle for physicochemical parameter like pH, Total Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand,
etc and compared with BIS (IS -10500). MPN test was applied to detect the presence of coliform in the drinking water
samples. The total coliform count was detected in 57 out of 68 water samples. Most of the water samples were shown
compromising physicochemical parameters. Total hardness (TH) is above the permissible limits detected in 60 out of 68
samples. Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) was also recorded below the standard for most of the samples .This results indicate
that drinking water is highly in jeopardy to bacterial contamination. Construction of septic tanks near with boring and
drinking water supply line short distance between water supply network and swage supply line poor constructed well
head, cross contamination with waste water, Leakage in pipe line are the main cause of water contamination.
Key-words- Drinking water, MPN count, Coliforms, Physico-chemical analysis, Bacterial, D.O., B.O.D., pH
Urinalysis Hands on Lab AssignmentIntroductionThe million nephr.docxjessiehampson
Urinalysis Hands on Lab Assignment
Introduction:
The million nephrons in each of your kidneys form urine and which allows the body to get rid of metabolic wastes from blood and maintain homeostasis by regulating blood pH, water volume and ion concentrations in blood. Urinalysis is a standard test that can determine if the urine formation is normal or abnormal. In doing this lab we can determine the volume of urine, chemical and physical properties, and microscopic composition along with levels of some metabolic waste materials in blood.
Pre-activity
There are three processes for making urine, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. Below, for each of the processes below, define them and describe where they occur in the nephron.
1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion
Activity 1: The Nephron
Make a hand drawn picture of the nephron, make sure to include all of the structures and information listed below.
A. Renal corpuscle
B. Renal tubule
C. Location of glomerular filtration
D. Location and directional arrow of tubular reabsorption
E. Location and directional arrow of tubular secretion
F. Proximal convoluted tubule
G. Distal convoluted tubule
H. Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
I. Collecting duct
J. Ascending loop of Henle
K. Descending loop of Henle
Post your labeled picture here.
Activity 2: Renal Reabsorption and Secretion
Using pages 970-988 in your lecture book and these videos Urinary System 1 (opens window) and Urinary System 2 (opens window) use the table below to predict the difference in osmolarity between the filtrate in the glomerular capsule and the other regions of the nephron. Will it be higher, lower, the same as, or dependent on hormones? For example, looking at the first structure in the table, does the filtrate found at the beginning of the proximal convoluted tubule have a higher/lower/same as the filtrate found in the glomerular capsule or does it depend on the hormones present?
Nephron structure
Glomerular Capsule
Beginning of proximal convoluted tubule
End of proximal convoluted tubule
End of the descending limb of the Loop of Henle
End of the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Table 1: Filtrate Osmolarity Comparison
Activity One and Two Conclusion Questions
1. What is filtrate? What does it contain?
2. There are several substances in blood that are not filtered in the glomerulus. What are these substances? What prevents them from being filtered out? (Hint: think about the type of capillary makes up the glomerulus.)
3. What factors play a part in glomerular filtration rate? What is the main factor that determines the rate of glomerular filtration? How is the glomerular filtration rate regulated?
4. Explain the countercurrent mechanism for urine concentration. Make sure you address 1. What is being added to or removed from the filtrate in the Loop of Henle and how that happens. 2. Compar ...
Running Head Title1Title6Rough Draft Water conta.docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: Title
1
Title
6
Rough Draft: Water contamination
Brittany Loud
SCI 207: Dependence of man on the environment
Instructor: Lisa Johnson
Date: 3/25/16
Water Contamination Testing
Introduction
Body Paragraph #1 - Background:
Water pollution refers to the contamination of natural sources of water such as groundwater, streams, rivers, lakes and oceans due to the introduction of contaminants directly or indirectly into these waters. Polluted water can have serious negative effects to the health of any organism that lives in or drinks this water. It is important to society to keep up with water pollution research because it is the leading cause of diseases being transferred to people and animals killing them daily. “With 1.2 billion people lacking clean water, waterborne infections account for 80 percent of all infectious diseases. Increased water pollution creates breeding grounds for malaria-carrying mosquitoes, killing 1.2 million to 2.7 million people a year, and air pollution kills about 3 million people a year. Unsanitary living conditions account for more than 5 million deaths each year, of which more than half are children.” (Lang, Susan,2007).If we want to continue to be healthy and thrive on earth, we must respect it by not destroying the water that helps plants grow and animals and humans live.
Body Paragraph # 2 - Objective:
The objective of my study is to find out what water is contaminated the most and what should people really be drinking tap water or bottled water? Most people go out and buy bottled water not knowing how that water is processed and what’s really in it. My objective aims to seek out the answers of what is considered more safe to drink and should people continue to buy bottled water from these big corporations that make millions off of these products. “NRDC conducted a four-year review of the bottled water industry and the safety standards that govern it, including a comparison of national bottled water rules with national tap water rules, and independent testing of over 1,000 bottles of water. Our conclusion is that there is no assurance that just because water comes out of a bottle it is any cleaner or safer than water from the tap. And in fact, an estimated 25 percent or more of bottled water is really just tap water in a bottle -- sometimes further treated, sometimes not.” (National Resources Defense Council, 2008).
Body Paragraph # 3 - Hypotheses:
I did an experiment with contaminated water that consisted of three different tests of Vegetable oil, Vinegar and laundry detergent. These tests were done to see how they polluted the water and could they be filtered out using ordinary products like cheese cloth and different soils such as dirt and sand. My Hypothesis for filtering out the contaminated water was that I believe that the rocks and sand will help filter out anything that is contaminated in the water by acting as a natural filtration system. In my Hypothesis for how contaminated the wate ...
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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![Colegio San Patricio Andrtea M. Cavada Maldonado #3 9A October 19, 2009’ Science Fair Renal Function Category: Life ScienceProblem Being Investigated: Which types of fluids affect the kidneys in different ways? What is the pH of the urine excreted? How do these fluids affect urine production? Renal Function Science Fair Project Three types of liquid were ingested (water, tea, and coke) over five twenty minute intervals to determine how much urine each beverage would produce, and the pH of each of the urine from these fluids. Of the three liquids, coffee indeed did produce the most urine. I. PurposeThe purpose of our Renal Function Science Fair Project experiment is to show the kidney’s aptitude to modify the production of urine in response to the ingestion of different liquids, such as water, tea, and coke. Various fluids affect the kidneys in different ways. This experiment is useful in everyday life because as I ponder on the busy, routines much of us complete daily, it would be helpful to know which fluids cause us to have to use the restroom more frequently than others. Also, it will be useful to know if certain fluids can be hazardous to our health by causing dehydration.II. ProcedureThe controls of the Renal Function Science Fair Project experiment are as follows: The participant must not consume large amounts of liquid at any meal preceding the experiment. This is to empty the bladder in order not to alter the results. The participant should also not consume drinks (other than the water) The participant must control the amount of perspiration and condensation from the body (Also not to alter the results of experimentation). The independent variables of this experiment are the three different types of liquid being consumed. The dependent variables are how much urine that is collected at each interval. Necessary materials: ,[object Object],Ingest one liter of water rapidly to minimize the total time required for ingestion. Record the time of ingestion Collect urine samples at 20 minute intervals for a total of five twenty minute periods. Each collection and total volume of each should represent a complete emptying of the bladder. Record the total volume collected and the color of the urine. Test the urine by carefully holding and placing the pH paper in the beaker. Record the urine’s pH. After every measurement and color is recorded, discard the urine. These procedures are to be repeated with each different liquid ingested.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sfpresearch-091021114747-phpapp02/85/Sfp-Research-1-320.jpg)
