This document summarizes a study on using biomass gasification to generate decentralized electricity in Malawi. The study collected data on rice production and milling in Malawi to analyze the potential for a rice husk gasification power plant. Field work and laboratory analysis was conducted to characterize the rice husks as fuel. Based on the analysis, a proposed 32kW rice husk gasification power plant in Wowo Village was found to have a positive net present value but a selling price of $0.08/kWh that was considered too high for rural customers. The study concluded that biomass gasification can provide off-grid power where biomass is available but costs need to be reduced for economic viability. It recommended
It is just a name for utilizing fast-growing trees, sugar cane, crop residue etc. for use in small power generation schemes. cogeneration using bagasse, power from biomass as fuel and biomass gasifier systems are together classified as dendro power.
The document proposes developing a 2MW biomass gasification power plant in Greater Tzaneen Municipality, South Africa. It would utilize waste woodchips from a local sawmill as fuel. The plant would cost $33 million to build and create 17 permanent jobs. It would sell 400kW of power to the sawmill and 1.6MW to the grid under a power purchase agreement. Financial modeling shows the plant would break even in year 3 and achieve a 19.43% internal rate of return. The project timelines include obtaining fuel supply and power agreements through 2022, with construction and commissioning expected to be complete in late 2022 or early 2023.
About Biogas and it utilization by Prof V.K Vijay IITD.pdfRaj kumar
This document provides an overview of biogas including different feedstocks, potential, socio-economic benefits, and upgradation methods. It notes that biogas can be generated from various agricultural and food waste sources. The annual potential for biogas generation in India is estimated to be over 20 billion cubic meters, which could produce over 8 million tons of bio-CNG or over 5,000 MW of power. Developing biogas would provide socio-economic benefits like reducing women's workload and generating organic fertilizer. The document also outlines various government programs and subsidies to support biogas development in India.
IRJET- Identification and Validation of Various Factors and Purposes Targ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on factors and purposes that can help advance development of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs use microbes to convert organic matter into electricity and have potential as a renewable energy source. The document identifies several key factors and purposes of MFC research, including improving power output, using various substrates, integrating with plant cells, and applying MFCs to wastewater treatment. It also reviews various existing MFC designs and materials. The overall goal is to better understand how to optimize MFC technology for renewable energy and environmental applications.
The document summarizes a study that used screening curves to identify potential renewable energy candidate plants for green-based generation expansion planning in Kenya. The screening curves analyzed the total annual generation costs of various options based on their capital costs, fixed operating costs, variable fuel costs, capacity factors, and other technical parameters. The study found the most suitable base load candidate plants were 140MW geothermal, 140MW low grand falls hydro, 300MW wind, 1000MW imports, 60MW Mutonga hydro and 1000MW nuclear plants. Suitable peaking plants included 180MW gas turbine using natural gas, 100MW solar PV, and imports. These plants provide a mix of renewable generation options for Kenya's generation expansion planning to lower costs and reduce
Comparative Study of Electricity Production Cost of Renewable Energy Power Pl...ijtsrd
The massive use of renewable energies for electricity production still comes up against a very high production cost per kilowatt hour. Although renewable energies are free and inexhaustible at human scale, most of time the high cost value of producing electricity from these renewable energies is related to the conversion equipments cost. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to choose the most suitable conversion system for a given site, taking into account the system implementing costs and the cost of electricity produced per kilowatt hour. For a given electrical load, the project carrying out costs and the electricity cost per kilowatt hour are calculated for Photovoltaic lithium battery storage, Photovoltaic AGM battery storage, Photovoltaic Gel battery storage, Photovoltaic lead battery storage and plant consisting of generators running on biogas. The different costs comparison made it possible to designate PV Gel battery storage power plant as the best suited model for the studied site. The Photovoltaic Gel battery power plant gave the lowest project costs, bearable by users in Sahelian zone in which the electrification project is planned. Seydou Ouedraogo | Moussa Tissologo | Arnaud R. A. A. Valea | Adekunle A. Salami | Ayite. S. A. Ajavon "Comparative Study of Electricity Production Cost of Renewable Energy Power Plants: Case of Photovoltaic Plant and Biogas Generators Power Plant in Sahel Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49434.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49434/comparative-study-of-electricity-production-cost-of-renewable-energy-power-plants-case-of-photovoltaic-plant-and-biogas-generators-power-plant-in-sahel-area/seydou-ouedraogo
This document outlines a proposed NEPAD Bioenergy Facility for West Africa that would promote the development of modern bioenergy in the region. The facility's objectives are to convert agricultural and industrial wastes into household energy and electricity, develop the liquid biofuels sector sustainably, and increase access to modern energy services. It would provide technical assistance, guidelines, and funding to private companies and cooperatives for 80-100 feasibility studies and 30 investment projects. Expected results include strengthened private sector capacity and partnerships, selected sustainable bioenergy business models and investment profiles, and increased local production of energy goods and services in the region. The facility would be managed through a public-private steering committee and project management unit.
It is just a name for utilizing fast-growing trees, sugar cane, crop residue etc. for use in small power generation schemes. cogeneration using bagasse, power from biomass as fuel and biomass gasifier systems are together classified as dendro power.
The document proposes developing a 2MW biomass gasification power plant in Greater Tzaneen Municipality, South Africa. It would utilize waste woodchips from a local sawmill as fuel. The plant would cost $33 million to build and create 17 permanent jobs. It would sell 400kW of power to the sawmill and 1.6MW to the grid under a power purchase agreement. Financial modeling shows the plant would break even in year 3 and achieve a 19.43% internal rate of return. The project timelines include obtaining fuel supply and power agreements through 2022, with construction and commissioning expected to be complete in late 2022 or early 2023.
About Biogas and it utilization by Prof V.K Vijay IITD.pdfRaj kumar
This document provides an overview of biogas including different feedstocks, potential, socio-economic benefits, and upgradation methods. It notes that biogas can be generated from various agricultural and food waste sources. The annual potential for biogas generation in India is estimated to be over 20 billion cubic meters, which could produce over 8 million tons of bio-CNG or over 5,000 MW of power. Developing biogas would provide socio-economic benefits like reducing women's workload and generating organic fertilizer. The document also outlines various government programs and subsidies to support biogas development in India.
IRJET- Identification and Validation of Various Factors and Purposes Targ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on factors and purposes that can help advance development of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs use microbes to convert organic matter into electricity and have potential as a renewable energy source. The document identifies several key factors and purposes of MFC research, including improving power output, using various substrates, integrating with plant cells, and applying MFCs to wastewater treatment. It also reviews various existing MFC designs and materials. The overall goal is to better understand how to optimize MFC technology for renewable energy and environmental applications.
The document summarizes a study that used screening curves to identify potential renewable energy candidate plants for green-based generation expansion planning in Kenya. The screening curves analyzed the total annual generation costs of various options based on their capital costs, fixed operating costs, variable fuel costs, capacity factors, and other technical parameters. The study found the most suitable base load candidate plants were 140MW geothermal, 140MW low grand falls hydro, 300MW wind, 1000MW imports, 60MW Mutonga hydro and 1000MW nuclear plants. Suitable peaking plants included 180MW gas turbine using natural gas, 100MW solar PV, and imports. These plants provide a mix of renewable generation options for Kenya's generation expansion planning to lower costs and reduce
Comparative Study of Electricity Production Cost of Renewable Energy Power Pl...ijtsrd
The massive use of renewable energies for electricity production still comes up against a very high production cost per kilowatt hour. Although renewable energies are free and inexhaustible at human scale, most of time the high cost value of producing electricity from these renewable energies is related to the conversion equipments cost. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to choose the most suitable conversion system for a given site, taking into account the system implementing costs and the cost of electricity produced per kilowatt hour. For a given electrical load, the project carrying out costs and the electricity cost per kilowatt hour are calculated for Photovoltaic lithium battery storage, Photovoltaic AGM battery storage, Photovoltaic Gel battery storage, Photovoltaic lead battery storage and plant consisting of generators running on biogas. The different costs comparison made it possible to designate PV Gel battery storage power plant as the best suited model for the studied site. The Photovoltaic Gel battery power plant gave the lowest project costs, bearable by users in Sahelian zone in which the electrification project is planned. Seydou Ouedraogo | Moussa Tissologo | Arnaud R. A. A. Valea | Adekunle A. Salami | Ayite. S. A. Ajavon "Comparative Study of Electricity Production Cost of Renewable Energy Power Plants: Case of Photovoltaic Plant and Biogas Generators Power Plant in Sahel Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49434.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49434/comparative-study-of-electricity-production-cost-of-renewable-energy-power-plants-case-of-photovoltaic-plant-and-biogas-generators-power-plant-in-sahel-area/seydou-ouedraogo
This document outlines a proposed NEPAD Bioenergy Facility for West Africa that would promote the development of modern bioenergy in the region. The facility's objectives are to convert agricultural and industrial wastes into household energy and electricity, develop the liquid biofuels sector sustainably, and increase access to modern energy services. It would provide technical assistance, guidelines, and funding to private companies and cooperatives for 80-100 feasibility studies and 30 investment projects. Expected results include strengthened private sector capacity and partnerships, selected sustainable bioenergy business models and investment profiles, and increased local production of energy goods and services in the region. The facility would be managed through a public-private steering committee and project management unit.
South Africa: Biodiesel and Renewable Energy Technologies For Poverty Allevia...QZ1
This document summarizes a report on renewable energy technologies for poverty alleviation in South Africa, focusing on solar water heaters and biodiesel. It identifies key problems and outlines policy objectives and solutions. For solar water heaters, high upfront costs and lack of financing are major barriers. For biodiesel, a lack of awareness and insufficient technical capacity and financing hinder development. The report analyzes each technology and consults stakeholders to identify strategic actions and policy instruments to address problems and achieve objectives like job creation and reduced emissions.
Hybrid Biomass-Solar Power System with Establishment of Raw Material Procureijtsrd
The utilization of sustainable power sources is ending up exceptionally essential because of the restricted stores of non-renewable energy sources and worldwide ecological worries for the creation of electrical power age and usage. In remote regions, towns, it is anything but difficult to get more sum biomass. Subsequently by the utilization of crossover frameworks comprising of Biomass and PV for creation of electrical vitality in these remote regions can be more temperate. On the off chance that the advancement of a PC based approach for assessing, the general execution of independent half and half PV-Biomass creating frameworks are broke down ,at that point these outcomes are helpful for creating and introducing cross breed frameworks in remote regions This paper centers the practical thought of independent crossover frameworks having PV and Biomass for electrical generation in remote zones. Additionally in this paper a reproduction approach has been recommended for planning remain solitary network for remote regions. The normal sun powered radiation and amount of biomass required information are to anticipate the general execution of the creating framework. The batteries can likewise be utilized as a part of this framework to store the additional vitality which can additionally be utilized for reinforcement. Likewise the additional power is utilized to supply to the network. Here the reproduction is completed utilizing HOMER programming. The outcomes and investigation can used to enhance the improvement of the proposed demonstrate. Vikash Pooniya | Mr. Pravin Kumar | Dr. Deepika Chauhan | Md. Asif Iqbal"Hybrid Biomass-Solar Power System with Establishment of Raw Material Procure" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11105.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11105/hybrid-biomass-solar-power-system-with-establishment-of-raw-material-procure/vikash-pooniya
Circular Economy and Clean Energy Towards Achieving the 2030 SDGsCircular Economy Asia
The document discusses waste to energy and the circular economy in relation to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It provides context on SDG 7 which aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy. Examples are given of how waste can be converted to biogas and clean energy. The circular economy is defined as an industrial system that eliminates waste and aims for resource restoration. Practical solutions discussed include industrial symbiosis and closed loop production. Case studies look at biomass utilization in Japan and waste treatment following disasters.
RENEWABLES IN WATER PUMPING AND IRRIGATION
Renewable energy technologies, or applications of technologies and/or
processes, for water pumping and irrigation applications.
Focus is on the implementation of renewable energy technologies or applications
of technologies and/or processes to provide for increased renewable energy use
for pumping and irrigation applications, with a focus on renewable energy use for
pumping as an alternative to existing diesel pumping applications. This may include
activities that:
• Demonstrate approaches that overcome barriers and reduce costs of renewable energy
pumping technologies; or
• Develop understanding and demonstrate benefits of irrigation system design and practices
as they relate to improved use of renewable energy pumping technologies.
hotovoltaic-Biomass Gasifier Hybrid Energy System for a Poultry HouseIJMER
Availability and sustainability of energy and food production are the biggest challenge facing
the world. Find out how to integrate poultry and animal farms with renewable energy technologies will
lead to a greater energy security and food production.The main objective of this paper is to obtain the
optimal suited configuration of a hybrid renewable energy system from various combinations to meet the
poultry house load requirement reliably, economically, continuously and sustainably. This paper presents
an optimal design of hybrid solar PV-biomass gasifier system to fulfill the requirements of 250 kWh/day
primary loads with 19 kW peak load for poultry house located at El-fayoum governorate, Egypt. Using
HOMER simulations, the optimal sizing of solar photovoltaic (PV) and biogas generating system is
obtained on the basis of the minimized cost of the obtained energy (COE) generation, HOMER results
show that the solution is sustainable and techno economically viable. The simulation results show that PV
(12 kW) - biomass gasifier (20 kW) - battery (270 kWh) hybrid system is most economically feasible with a
least cost of energy about $0.224/Kwh. Also, this system is characterized by the minimum percentage of
carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases emissions
This document reviews the potential for using waste-derived bioenergy in marine systems. It discusses how biomass energy from waste can help address sustainability challenges while offsetting greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. The document also examines trends in biomass development, including the growth of biofuels markets and potential applications for shipping. A process is proposed for meeting biomass demands that involves energy auditing, risk analysis, and a system to collect organic waste, ferment it to produce methane gas, and use the gas in a cogenerator.
Energy generation report. final 10 oct 14pptx...Philippine Energy Plan 2012 -...alex regado
This document outlines the Philippine energy plan from 2012-2030. It discusses the Department of Energy's goals of ensuring energy security, achieving optimal energy prices, and developing a sustainable energy system. The plan aims to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030. It identifies strategies like expanding renewable energy use, accelerating oil and gas exploration, and promoting energy efficiency. The plan requires 3.174 trillion PHP in investments and involves various government agencies in implementation activities to achieve rural electrification, develop indigenous resources, and promote renewable energy.
Alam Mondal, Alebachew Azezew Belete, Hua Xie, Dawit Mekonnen
WEBINAR
Capacity Building on Modeling the Ethiopian Energy System: Final Workshop
SEP 30, 2020 - 02:00 PM TO 04:00 PM EAT
Captive Power Plants has made a major contribution to the development of the power industry in India. The authors argue that this is possibly an overlooked opportunity in Africa.
Future Cities Africa
Future proofing to climate, environment and natural resource challenges
Supporting inclusive, resilient low carbon development
Peter Head CBE FREng FRSA
March 24th 2015
This document summarizes bioenergy production technologies and provides an overview of research, development, demonstration and deployment needs. It discusses various bioenergy feedstocks and conversion processes like fuelwood, charcoal, biogas, bioethanol and biodiesel. It emphasizes the importance of feedstock supply and logistics research to develop sustainable and efficient feedstock delivery systems. The document also stresses the need to build institutional and technical capacity through training and applied research in order to successfully implement bioenergy programs.
This document summarizes Indonesia's bioenergy development status and policies. It notes that bioenergy's share of Indonesia's energy mix is targeted to increase to 14% by 2050 according to national energy policies. It outlines Indonesia's large bioenergy potential from various feedstocks. The development of bioenergy in Indonesia has been driven by government policies and includes biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, and power generation. Challenges and opportunities for further developing bioenergy in Indonesia in a sustainable manner are also discussed.
Islamabad | Oct-15 | Sarhad Rural Support Programme: Micro-GridsSmart Villages
Sohail Ameer Marwat
The Smart Villages workshop was organised in Pakistan as continuation of the regional engagement in South Asia. The Pakistan workshop aimed to glean insights from the country’s experience of off-grid energy provision to remote rural communities through the deployment of micro-grids. In particular the workshop aimed to tease out the enabling framework conditions that have been vital for the deployment of micro-grids in remote areas of the country. It is hoped that the workshop provided relevant insights to other countries in South Asia and globally that seek to establish frameworks supporting the growth of micro-grids.
The workshop will address the following main questions:
o What are the challenges encountered in deploying micro-grids in Pakistan and how have they been overcome?
o What framework conditions have acted as enablers or have hindered the success of micro-grids in Pakistan?
o How have these framework conditions evolved and what are the lessons for other regions that seek to deploy micro-grids?
o How can these framework conditions enable the productive use of energy to improve livelihoods, health and education outcomes?
A Case Study Of An Educational Building Transformation To Renewable EnergyJoe Osborn
This document summarizes a case study analyzing the feasibility of transitioning the energy usage of Kabul University's Engineering School from conventional sources to renewable energy. It finds that installing a solar photovoltaic system with a total initial cost of 14,237,771 AFN and annual operation and maintenance costs of 341,862 AFN would pay for itself in under 4.5 years. Based on energy demand calculations and the renewable energy potential of solar power in Kabul, the study concludes such a transition would be both economically and technically viable.
IRJET- Feasibility Studies on Electricity Generation from Dairy Wastewater u...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on electricity generation from dairy wastewater using a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Dairy effluent was used as the substrate in a dual chamber MFC with a copper electrode and agar-NaCl salt bridge. Maximum efficiencies of 71.7%, 67.6%, 49.7%, 43.8%, and 68.9% were achieved in removing COD, BOD, EC, TDS, and oil/grease respectively with a 6 hour detention time. This setup generated a maximum power of 55.118 μW and electrical energy of 0.0992124 W-sec, demonstrating that MFCs can effectively treat dairy wastewater while also generating off-
ENR-CSO Network to the sector Performance, 2018/19.Ministry of Water and Envi...ENVIRONMENTALALERTEA1
The document summarizes the key highlights and recommendations from the 11th Joint Sector Review of Uganda's Water and Environment Sector. It notes that ENR-CSOs invested $4.3 million in the sector in 2018/19, a 57% increase from the previous year. It outlines contributions by CSOs including establishing tree nurseries, restoring wetlands, and developing alternative livelihoods. Challenges included low sector funding, delays in legislation, and impacts of investments in agriculture. Recommendations called for increased funding, fast-tracking climate and refugee response bills, and strengthened enforcement of environmental laws.
The document is Bangladesh's Renewable Energy Policy from 2008. It has three main goals:
1) Harness renewable energy resources and disseminate renewable technologies to power rural, peri-urban and urban areas.
2) Encourage public and private investment in renewable projects to develop sustainable energy supplies.
3) Scale up renewable contributions to electricity production, aiming for 5% of total power from renewables by 2015 and 10% by 2020.
It outlines policies to achieve these including establishing an agency called SEDA to coordinate planning and promotion, providing fiscal incentives for renewable investment and production, and creating a regulatory framework through BERC to encourage renewable electricity generation.
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
South Africa: Biodiesel and Renewable Energy Technologies For Poverty Allevia...QZ1
This document summarizes a report on renewable energy technologies for poverty alleviation in South Africa, focusing on solar water heaters and biodiesel. It identifies key problems and outlines policy objectives and solutions. For solar water heaters, high upfront costs and lack of financing are major barriers. For biodiesel, a lack of awareness and insufficient technical capacity and financing hinder development. The report analyzes each technology and consults stakeholders to identify strategic actions and policy instruments to address problems and achieve objectives like job creation and reduced emissions.
Hybrid Biomass-Solar Power System with Establishment of Raw Material Procureijtsrd
The utilization of sustainable power sources is ending up exceptionally essential because of the restricted stores of non-renewable energy sources and worldwide ecological worries for the creation of electrical power age and usage. In remote regions, towns, it is anything but difficult to get more sum biomass. Subsequently by the utilization of crossover frameworks comprising of Biomass and PV for creation of electrical vitality in these remote regions can be more temperate. On the off chance that the advancement of a PC based approach for assessing, the general execution of independent half and half PV-Biomass creating frameworks are broke down ,at that point these outcomes are helpful for creating and introducing cross breed frameworks in remote regions This paper centers the practical thought of independent crossover frameworks having PV and Biomass for electrical generation in remote zones. Additionally in this paper a reproduction approach has been recommended for planning remain solitary network for remote regions. The normal sun powered radiation and amount of biomass required information are to anticipate the general execution of the creating framework. The batteries can likewise be utilized as a part of this framework to store the additional vitality which can additionally be utilized for reinforcement. Likewise the additional power is utilized to supply to the network. Here the reproduction is completed utilizing HOMER programming. The outcomes and investigation can used to enhance the improvement of the proposed demonstrate. Vikash Pooniya | Mr. Pravin Kumar | Dr. Deepika Chauhan | Md. Asif Iqbal"Hybrid Biomass-Solar Power System with Establishment of Raw Material Procure" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11105.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11105/hybrid-biomass-solar-power-system-with-establishment-of-raw-material-procure/vikash-pooniya
Circular Economy and Clean Energy Towards Achieving the 2030 SDGsCircular Economy Asia
The document discusses waste to energy and the circular economy in relation to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It provides context on SDG 7 which aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy. Examples are given of how waste can be converted to biogas and clean energy. The circular economy is defined as an industrial system that eliminates waste and aims for resource restoration. Practical solutions discussed include industrial symbiosis and closed loop production. Case studies look at biomass utilization in Japan and waste treatment following disasters.
RENEWABLES IN WATER PUMPING AND IRRIGATION
Renewable energy technologies, or applications of technologies and/or
processes, for water pumping and irrigation applications.
Focus is on the implementation of renewable energy technologies or applications
of technologies and/or processes to provide for increased renewable energy use
for pumping and irrigation applications, with a focus on renewable energy use for
pumping as an alternative to existing diesel pumping applications. This may include
activities that:
• Demonstrate approaches that overcome barriers and reduce costs of renewable energy
pumping technologies; or
• Develop understanding and demonstrate benefits of irrigation system design and practices
as they relate to improved use of renewable energy pumping technologies.
hotovoltaic-Biomass Gasifier Hybrid Energy System for a Poultry HouseIJMER
Availability and sustainability of energy and food production are the biggest challenge facing
the world. Find out how to integrate poultry and animal farms with renewable energy technologies will
lead to a greater energy security and food production.The main objective of this paper is to obtain the
optimal suited configuration of a hybrid renewable energy system from various combinations to meet the
poultry house load requirement reliably, economically, continuously and sustainably. This paper presents
an optimal design of hybrid solar PV-biomass gasifier system to fulfill the requirements of 250 kWh/day
primary loads with 19 kW peak load for poultry house located at El-fayoum governorate, Egypt. Using
HOMER simulations, the optimal sizing of solar photovoltaic (PV) and biogas generating system is
obtained on the basis of the minimized cost of the obtained energy (COE) generation, HOMER results
show that the solution is sustainable and techno economically viable. The simulation results show that PV
(12 kW) - biomass gasifier (20 kW) - battery (270 kWh) hybrid system is most economically feasible with a
least cost of energy about $0.224/Kwh. Also, this system is characterized by the minimum percentage of
carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases emissions
This document reviews the potential for using waste-derived bioenergy in marine systems. It discusses how biomass energy from waste can help address sustainability challenges while offsetting greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. The document also examines trends in biomass development, including the growth of biofuels markets and potential applications for shipping. A process is proposed for meeting biomass demands that involves energy auditing, risk analysis, and a system to collect organic waste, ferment it to produce methane gas, and use the gas in a cogenerator.
Energy generation report. final 10 oct 14pptx...Philippine Energy Plan 2012 -...alex regado
This document outlines the Philippine energy plan from 2012-2030. It discusses the Department of Energy's goals of ensuring energy security, achieving optimal energy prices, and developing a sustainable energy system. The plan aims to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030. It identifies strategies like expanding renewable energy use, accelerating oil and gas exploration, and promoting energy efficiency. The plan requires 3.174 trillion PHP in investments and involves various government agencies in implementation activities to achieve rural electrification, develop indigenous resources, and promote renewable energy.
Alam Mondal, Alebachew Azezew Belete, Hua Xie, Dawit Mekonnen
WEBINAR
Capacity Building on Modeling the Ethiopian Energy System: Final Workshop
SEP 30, 2020 - 02:00 PM TO 04:00 PM EAT
Captive Power Plants has made a major contribution to the development of the power industry in India. The authors argue that this is possibly an overlooked opportunity in Africa.
Future Cities Africa
Future proofing to climate, environment and natural resource challenges
Supporting inclusive, resilient low carbon development
Peter Head CBE FREng FRSA
March 24th 2015
This document summarizes bioenergy production technologies and provides an overview of research, development, demonstration and deployment needs. It discusses various bioenergy feedstocks and conversion processes like fuelwood, charcoal, biogas, bioethanol and biodiesel. It emphasizes the importance of feedstock supply and logistics research to develop sustainable and efficient feedstock delivery systems. The document also stresses the need to build institutional and technical capacity through training and applied research in order to successfully implement bioenergy programs.
This document summarizes Indonesia's bioenergy development status and policies. It notes that bioenergy's share of Indonesia's energy mix is targeted to increase to 14% by 2050 according to national energy policies. It outlines Indonesia's large bioenergy potential from various feedstocks. The development of bioenergy in Indonesia has been driven by government policies and includes biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, and power generation. Challenges and opportunities for further developing bioenergy in Indonesia in a sustainable manner are also discussed.
Islamabad | Oct-15 | Sarhad Rural Support Programme: Micro-GridsSmart Villages
Sohail Ameer Marwat
The Smart Villages workshop was organised in Pakistan as continuation of the regional engagement in South Asia. The Pakistan workshop aimed to glean insights from the country’s experience of off-grid energy provision to remote rural communities through the deployment of micro-grids. In particular the workshop aimed to tease out the enabling framework conditions that have been vital for the deployment of micro-grids in remote areas of the country. It is hoped that the workshop provided relevant insights to other countries in South Asia and globally that seek to establish frameworks supporting the growth of micro-grids.
The workshop will address the following main questions:
o What are the challenges encountered in deploying micro-grids in Pakistan and how have they been overcome?
o What framework conditions have acted as enablers or have hindered the success of micro-grids in Pakistan?
o How have these framework conditions evolved and what are the lessons for other regions that seek to deploy micro-grids?
o How can these framework conditions enable the productive use of energy to improve livelihoods, health and education outcomes?
A Case Study Of An Educational Building Transformation To Renewable EnergyJoe Osborn
This document summarizes a case study analyzing the feasibility of transitioning the energy usage of Kabul University's Engineering School from conventional sources to renewable energy. It finds that installing a solar photovoltaic system with a total initial cost of 14,237,771 AFN and annual operation and maintenance costs of 341,862 AFN would pay for itself in under 4.5 years. Based on energy demand calculations and the renewable energy potential of solar power in Kabul, the study concludes such a transition would be both economically and technically viable.
IRJET- Feasibility Studies on Electricity Generation from Dairy Wastewater u...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on electricity generation from dairy wastewater using a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Dairy effluent was used as the substrate in a dual chamber MFC with a copper electrode and agar-NaCl salt bridge. Maximum efficiencies of 71.7%, 67.6%, 49.7%, 43.8%, and 68.9% were achieved in removing COD, BOD, EC, TDS, and oil/grease respectively with a 6 hour detention time. This setup generated a maximum power of 55.118 μW and electrical energy of 0.0992124 W-sec, demonstrating that MFCs can effectively treat dairy wastewater while also generating off-
ENR-CSO Network to the sector Performance, 2018/19.Ministry of Water and Envi...ENVIRONMENTALALERTEA1
The document summarizes the key highlights and recommendations from the 11th Joint Sector Review of Uganda's Water and Environment Sector. It notes that ENR-CSOs invested $4.3 million in the sector in 2018/19, a 57% increase from the previous year. It outlines contributions by CSOs including establishing tree nurseries, restoring wetlands, and developing alternative livelihoods. Challenges included low sector funding, delays in legislation, and impacts of investments in agriculture. Recommendations called for increased funding, fast-tracking climate and refugee response bills, and strengthened enforcement of environmental laws.
The document is Bangladesh's Renewable Energy Policy from 2008. It has three main goals:
1) Harness renewable energy resources and disseminate renewable technologies to power rural, peri-urban and urban areas.
2) Encourage public and private investment in renewable projects to develop sustainable energy supplies.
3) Scale up renewable contributions to electricity production, aiming for 5% of total power from renewables by 2015 and 10% by 2020.
It outlines policies to achieve these including establishing an agency called SEDA to coordinate planning and promotion, providing fiscal incentives for renewable investment and production, and creating a regulatory framework through BERC to encourage renewable electricity generation.
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
ViewShift: Hassle-free Dynamic Policy Enforcement for Every Data LakeWalaa Eldin Moustafa
Dynamic policy enforcement is becoming an increasingly important topic in today’s world where data privacy and compliance is a top priority for companies, individuals, and regulators alike. In these slides, we discuss how LinkedIn implements a powerful dynamic policy enforcement engine, called ViewShift, and integrates it within its data lake. We show the query engine architecture and how catalog implementations can automatically route table resolutions to compliance-enforcing SQL views. Such views have a set of very interesting properties: (1) They are auto-generated from declarative data annotations. (2) They respect user-level consent and preferences (3) They are context-aware, encoding a different set of transformations for different use cases (4) They are portable; while the SQL logic is only implemented in one SQL dialect, it is accessible in all engines.
#SQL #Views #Privacy #Compliance #DataLake
Natural Language Processing (NLP), RAG and its applications .pptxfkyes25
1. In the realm of Natural Language Processing (NLP), knowledge-intensive tasks such as question answering, fact verification, and open-domain dialogue generation require the integration of vast and up-to-date information. Traditional neural models, though powerful, struggle with encoding all necessary knowledge within their parameters, leading to limitations in generalization and scalability. The paper "Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks" introduces RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation), a novel framework that synergizes retrieval mechanisms with generative models, enhancing performance by dynamically incorporating external knowledge during inference.
Analysis insight about a Flyball dog competition team's performanceroli9797
Insight of my analysis about a Flyball dog competition team's last year performance. Find more: https://github.com/rolandnagy-ds/flyball_race_analysis/tree/main
State of Artificial intelligence Report 2023kuntobimo2016
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary field of science and engineering whose goal is to create intelligent machines.
We believe that AI will be a force multiplier on technological progress in our increasingly digital, data-driven world. This is because everything around us today, ranging from culture to consumer products, is a product of intelligence.
The State of AI Report is now in its sixth year. Consider this report as a compilation of the most interesting things we’ve seen with a goal of triggering an informed conversation about the state of AI and its implication for the future.
We consider the following key dimensions in our report:
Research: Technology breakthroughs and their capabilities.
Industry: Areas of commercial application for AI and its business impact.
Politics: Regulation of AI, its economic implications and the evolving geopolitics of AI.
Safety: Identifying and mitigating catastrophic risks that highly-capable future AI systems could pose to us.
Predictions: What we believe will happen in the next 12 months and a 2022 performance review to keep us honest.
Enhanced Enterprise Intelligence with your personal AI Data Copilot.pdfGetInData
Recently we have observed the rise of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) that are community-driven or developed by the AI market leaders, such as Meta (Llama3), Databricks (DBRX) and Snowflake (Arctic). On the other hand, there is a growth in interest in specialized, carefully fine-tuned yet relatively small models that can efficiently assist programmers in day-to-day tasks. Finally, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures have gained a lot of traction as the preferred approach for LLMs context and prompt augmentation for building conversational SQL data copilots, code copilots and chatbots.
In this presentation, we will show how we built upon these three concepts a robust Data Copilot that can help to democratize access to company data assets and boost performance of everyone working with data platforms.
Why do we need yet another (open-source ) Copilot?
How can we build one?
Architecture and evaluation
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
Traditionally, databases have treated timestamps just as another data type. However, when performing real-time analytics, timestamps should be first class citizens and we need rich time semantics to get the most out of our data. We also need to deal with ever growing datasets while keeping performant, which is as fun as it sounds.
It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
2. 1
POLICY BRIEF
NO.12/2020
BIOMASS GASIFICATION FOR DECENTRALISED ELECTRICITY
GENERATION IN MALAWI
John Taulo, Hendrex Kazembe, Willy Maruwo, Alfred Maluwa
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
A
ccess to affordable and reliable
electricity is a key challenge and
policy priority in Malawi. Currently,
87% of the population still lacks access to
electricity, with a disparity of 4% in rural
areas compared to 58% in urban areas (NSO,
2018). With residential tariffs at $0.14/kWh
and connection costs of $150, electricity is
unaffordable for many even in the vicinity
of the grid. Unsurprisingly, electricity
consumption is low; in 2016, Malawi’s per
capita electric consumption stood at about
110 kWh, far lower than the African average
of 153 kWh.
Against this backdrop, the government
sees renewable energy (RE) as a potential
solution to low levels of access. Moreover,
renewable energy is also viewed as one
way to reach rural populations who live
beyond the national grid. The Government
of Malawi has set an ambitious target to
increase electricity access to 30% by 2040,
primarily by increasing generation capacity
and expanding the grid. They recently
identified that off-grid technologies can be
cost-effective in providing electricity to a
dispersed rural population.
Malawi’s rural communities, which
constitutes 85% of the country’s population,
are dispersed and demand insufficient
electricity (at existing prices) to justify the
cost of extending the grid. Going forward,
despite aggressive grid targets, off-grid
technologies are likely to play an increasingly
important role in bringing electricity to the
rural poor. The overall goal of the project
was to design, develop and characterise
rice husk gasification system as an
alternative source of power for electricity
generation. The study intended to
increase awareness on the benefits of
utilising biomass (agricultural waste) for
useful products with several social and
environmental benefits.
APPROACHES AND RESULTS
This study consisted of desk studies,
primary data collection in field visits
(February and March 2019), laboratory
analysis in Malawi, and the integrated
feasibility study assessment of the Wowo
Cluster Village Community.
The main tasks undertaken were:
a) Desk review and inception: feasibility
analysis methodology adaptation
(components, quantified criteria,
protocols); and desk review of available
information on gasifiers.
b) Field work: preparation of field work-
materials, logistics; and field visits to
over 50 rice mills spread across the
eight agricultural development divisions
(ADDs).
c) Study tour: tour of Makerere
University gasification facilities and
other gasification plants within Kampala,
Uganda, study excursions at Kayak
Refugee Camp-300km outside Kampala
and powered by rice husk or maize cob-
based gasification plant.
Inadequate access to energy poses
a critical challenge to Malawi’s
economic development. Less than
13% of the population has access
to electricity and those who
face insufficient and unreliable
supply. Yet to date, renewable
energy –both on-grid and off-
grid has played a small role in
electrification.
The objective of this study was to
design, develop and characterise
rice husk gasification system as
an alternative source of power
for electricity generation. The
biomass-based power project
aimed to provide access to clean
energy services, primarily focusing
on productive load using locally
available biomass feedstock.
The study was carried out by
collecting data in the paddy
plantation area, paddy production,
and in the rice milling industry.
It was decided based on the
potential analysis of collected data
to develop a rice husk gasifier
power plant in Wowo Cluster
Village, Nkhulambe Extension
Planning Area (EPA), Phalombe
District.
Industrial Research Centre, Malawi University of Science and Technology & Department of Agricultural Research Services, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Malawi
3. SCINNOVENT CENTRE- POLICY BRIEF NO. 12 2
d) Feedstock characterisation:
proximate and ultimate analysis.
e) Feasibility characterisation and
community ranking
• Socio-economic component
analysis (needs assessment,
energy demand, income
structures, prospects for business
development, willingness to pay;
Figure 1: Gasifier
Figure 2: Reaction and ash chamber assembly
• Technical and technological
component analysis (supply
chains, biomass resources,
distribution);
• Financial component analysis
(cost-benefit analysis, cash flow
projects, social NPV); and
• Ranking of communities potentials
and selection for detailed
implementation preparation.
f) System design: design theory,
mathematical modeling,
computational fluid dynamics; final
design and manufacture of different
parts and assembly.
The summary of the key findings are
given below:
1. Crop residues contribute
significantly to the biomass sector
4. 3
Figure 3a&b: Gasifier hearth and nozzle arrangement
in Malawi and can potentially be
used as energy source for rural
electrification. Rice straw, rice
husks, maize straws[stalks], maize
cobs are the major agricultural
residues that can be used to meet
the electricity needs of rural
communities in the country.
2. With the total agro-crops
production of 2.45 million tons,
and considering the amount
of fraction of different types of
crops, the total contribution of
biomass residue potential is about
5.5 million tons.
3. The baseline study found that rice
husk is approximately 20% of rice
production by weight, and rice
straw is approximately 29%-130%
of rice production by weight.
4. Considering a combustion
efficiency of 95%, with calorific
of 13.3 GJ/ton and 15.65 GJ/ton,
for rice husks and maize cobs,
respectively, and at power plant
efficiency of 25%, the amount
of power generated is in the
range of 0.013 – 0.544 MW. For
gasification of maize cobs, the
amount of power generated is in
the range 2.0 – 20 MW.
5. Results of the proximate and
ultimate analyses showed that
rice husks have high volatile
matter contents (59.63 % dry
basis) and low bulk density
(120 kg/m3), consequently,
it is easier to ignite and burn
than coal because of the high
volatile matter. The low density
complicates its transportation,
storage and processing. The
ultimate analysis showed that
carbon content is 38 to 50%,
hydrogen is around 6%, oxygen is
30 to 43%, and nitrogen is around
2% and traces amount of Sulphur.
6. The study found that collection
and transportation of agricultural
residues especially rice husk, corn
cobs and fuel wood are somehow
established but it is purely in
customary form in Malawi. Due
to the nature of commodity,
specialized storage and transport
facilities are required.
7. The key lessons learned through
the study tour were as follows:
(i) Uganda has adequate capacity
to undertake research and
development (R&D) in renewable
energy in general, and gasification
of biomass for electricity
generation in particular.
(ii) Participants were equipped
with professional skills and
knowledge on layout, set up,
operation, and management of
gasification plant.
(iii) The team also acquired
sufficient skills and knowledge
on theoretical design of gasifier
and reaction kinetics to optimise
gasification efficiency.
(iv) The study tour provided a
great opportunity to gain know-
how and lessons learnt from
established biomass gasification
plants and to discuss different
perspectives with representatives
of the gasification plants. Relevant
supporting factors, obstacles
and pitfalls were presented
and openly discussed with
these representatives. Thus,
the participants realised the
complexity of the process to plan,
initiate and manage a biomass
gasification plant.
8. The economic analysis showed
that the leveled electricity costs
(LEC) ranged between 460–
156.62 MWK/kWh to electrify
communities between 200-400
5. SCINNOVENT CENTRE- POLICY BRIEF NO. 12 4
Table 3: Estimated cost structure of biomass gasification plant
Table 2: Feasibility calculation results for the base case
Table 1: Feasibility calculation results for the base case
PARAMETER UNIT VALUE
Installed capacity of the biomass gasification plant kWe 32
Annual hours of operation h 5700
Life in years of plant years 20
Biomass in tons dry mass/year tons 467
Biomass gasification system capital investment US$ 154,000
Interest on value of the machinery and equipment US$ 27, 118
Depreciation US$ 3 176.01
Annual labour cost US$ 4266.67
Annual repair and maintenance cost US$ 2 280
Insurance and taxes US$ 2745
Total biomass cost/year US$ 10,741
Total cost US$ 201,581.67
Annual electricity production from the plant kWh 182, 400
Cost of operating per hour US$
Benefit delivered annually US$
Net Present Value of the benefit US$ 3 589.41
Net Present Value of operation and maintenance US$
Accumulated Net Present Value of all the cost US$ 11 629.37
Net Present Value of the project US$
Benefit Cost Ratio - 0.31
Payback Period year 11.75
Internal Rate of Return % 6.72
Levelized cost of kWh of gasification electricity generated US $. kWh-1 0.143
Annual revenue from the sale of electricity US$ 26,083
PARAMETER UNIT VALUE
NPV MWK (34 331 806.54)
FIRR % 6.72
Payback Period Years 11.55
WACC % 9.94
PARAMETER UNIT VALUE
NPV MWK 25, 883,268.66
FIRR % 13.35
Payback Period Years 7.37
WACC % 9.94
6. 5
households with the gasifier
considered.
9. The analyses in this study have
shown that it is technically
feasible and under certain
circumstances economically viable
to establish a power plant based
on rice husks and maize cobs.
10. The net present value of the
project is positive, the financial
internal rate of return is 13.35%,
and the payback period of the
project is 7.37 years. These
economic indicators established
the economic viability of the
project at the given cost. However,
the selling price of US$0.08/kWh
(MWK60.00/kWh) is on a rather
high side, which the rural dwellers
cannot afford.
Since the biomass gasification
technology represents the
least-choice technology for rural
electrification especially where
there is no extension of electricity
grid, the capital investment cost,
operation and maintenance
cost, the fuel cost should be
reduced through development
of the gasification system using
local materials, purposeful and
efficient plantation of biomass
for electricity generation, giving
out financial incentives by the
Government to the investors,
and locating the power plant very
close to the source of feedstock
generation.
11. Table 1 depicts the estimated
cost structure of the gasification
power plant project. Although
investment in biomass gasification
power plant will bring economic
dividends to the Wowo Cluster
Village, the results of the financial
analysis reveal that investing
in the gasification system for
electricity generation in rural
areas is not economically viable
and profitable.
The present negative net value
of MWK 34,331,806.54 and the
benefit cost ratio that is far less
are financial indicators of a huge
financial loss if the cost of the
electricity is at US$0.14/kWh
(MK107.72). This is almost double
the tariff currently used for Bondo
Microhydropower plant, which is
the average willingness to pay for
rural communities.
12. The estimated cost structure of
the biomass gasification system
with a planned selling price of
US$0.08/kWh (MWK60.00/kWh)
is shown in Table 2. In Table 2, the
net present value of the project
is positive, the financial internal
rate of return is 13.35%, and the
payback period of the project is
7.37 years.
These economic indicators
established the economic viability
of the project at the given cost.
However, the selling price of
US$0.08/kWh (MWK60.00/kWh)
is on the high side making it
unaffordable to the rural dwellers.
The capital investment cost,
operation and maintenance
cost, and the fuel cost should
be reduced given that the
biomass gasification technology
represents the least-choice
technology for rural electrification
especially where there is no
extension of electricity grid.
This can be done by developing
the gasification system using
local materials, purposeful and
efficient plantation of biomass
for electricity generation. The
government can also provide
financial incentives to the
investors, and locate the power
plant close to the source of
feedstock generation.
IMPLICATIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Biomass continues to play an
important role for energy sustainable
development in Malawi, the potential
of biomass is huge but its conversion
to modern energy is still low. Biomass
gasification can offer an attractive
alternative renewable energy system
especially in rural areas where
biomass fuel is readily available.
These resources could provide
community based small-scale
independent power plants. Rice husks
and straw as well as maize stalks and
maize cobs can be ranked the two top
available biomass types in Malawi.
This study has undertaken a baseline
study and feedstock assessment. It has
also conducted a detailed feasibility
assessment; carried out system
design, fabricated and assembled a
gasification system.
To address the energy challenges
facing rural areas in Malawi, by
converting agricultural residues,
the study proposes the following
recommendations:
• Industrial Research Centre (IRC)
through the Malawi University
of Science should continue with
one or more sites that have
been analysed in this feasibility
study. If the aim is to contribute
to integrated rural development
using small-scale technology,
biomass gasification should be
pursued. In this case, Wowo
Cluster Village could offer a good
starting site, albeit public-private
partnerships should be pursued.
• Financial support will be
necessary to get biomass
gasification started in Malawi.
It is the task of IRC to formulate
concrete projects resulting from
this feasibility study and to
develop framework for further
research on biomass gasification.
• Research and development
institutions in Malawi should play
an important role in accelerating
biomass utilisation and conversion
to modern energy
• Research and development
collaboration among researchers
in Malawi and the SADC region
should be developed and realised.
• Community based, decentralised
electricity production from
agricultural residues should
be supported, e.g. local
7. SCINNOVENT CENTRE- POLICY BRIEF NO. 12 6
entrepreneurs could operate
small-scale conversion systems
(e.g. 50 kW) and the community
could produce and provide
the biomass feedstock and
would receive energy services
in return. This model-if
successful-can be replicated in
cooperation with micro-finance
institutions, community extension
organisations and energy
producers.
CONCLUSIONS
Biomass is an emerging renewable
resource for bioenergy production
that can meet the future energy
demands in developing countries.
Malawi as a developing country also
needs to put forth its efforts for
potential production of bioenergy
from biomass to tackle the energy
crises. Biomass gasification can offer
an attractive renewable energy
system especially in rural areas where
biomass fuel is readily available.
These resources could provide
community based small-scale
independent power plants. Rice husk
and straw can be ranked at the top of
the available biomass types in Malawi
and have power generation potential
of around 87 Mwe. The power plant
could be installed near the larger rice
mills ‘cluster areas’ in Karonga, Nkhata
Bay, Nkhotakota, Salima, Zomba, and
Phalombe with the surplus rice husk.
However, establishment of rice husk
based power plants in rice milling
industry will lead to an enormous
change in rice production and the
surplus power can be supplied to the
national grid and local communities.
However, other types of biomass such
as maize cobs, maize stalks and rice
straw should also be considered for
gasification.
The research concludes that Malawi
has a significant potential form of
power generation from biomass
gasification and has estimated around
87 MWe. Provision of government
subsidies need to overcome the
barriers for the installation of such
gasification power plants. The
Government of Malawi can seek
funds from different foreign aids
while carbon trade can be an option.
Installation of biomass based power
plants in rural areas will lead to an
enormous change in the lifestyle of
the local community by increasing
the business hours in the market
area, improving health conditions,
and encouraging new business
developments.
Additionally, biomass gasification
for village electrification can be an
option at those sites that do not have
access to national electricity grid. The
biomass can come from agricultural
waste products. A relatively expensive
grid that will have to be financed using
donor money has to be established.
The most important variables are
the demand for electricity and the
investment costs. The analysis shows
that gasification is not viable given
the current low demand and the high
investment costs. However, a public-
private funded village electrification
project with a holistic approach to
provide electricity and concerted
effort to build capacity and encourage
productive usage of electricity is a
strategy worth pursuing.
Additionally, sites for residential
and commercial applications can be
explored whenever the electricity
demand is high enough and when
biomass is available at a low price.
Especially when diesel consumption
can be replaced, a biomass gasifier
has a relatively short payback rate.
Unfortunately, bigger mills and
factories that are not connected to
the national grid are not abundant
in the country. However, even when
a factory already has access to grid
electricity, biomass gasification could
still be an option.
This feasibility study has explored
several options to implement biomass
gasification in Malawi. The analysis
shows that biomass gasification is
not in all cases commercially viable,
given the data collected for this study.
However, taking into account the high
potential for biomass resources and
the lack of adequate energy provision
in the country, the potential is
unequivocally available. Some options
mentioned in this study, such as village
electrification, need clever social
engineering and the concerted effort
of private and public organisations.
Other options, like commercial
application can safely be selected
for a demonstration project in the
near future. Yet another range of
options, such as, small scale gasifiers
and irrigation projects deserve more
attention, but have fallen outside the
scope of this research.