Regional trade is important for Kenya's food security. Trade agreements with COMESA and EAC countries allow Kenya to import staple foods like maize when facing deficits, which helps stabilize food prices and supplies. However, cheap food imports also act as a disincentive for domestic production. Overall, regional trade benefits consumers through lower food prices but hurts producers and farm laborers by reducing incomes. Kenya requires policies to better redistribute food surpluses, improve infrastructure to reduce trade barriers, and support domestic agriculture.
1. The document discusses the linkages between regional trade, rural livelihoods, and food security in Kenya. It finds that trade can positively or negatively impact rural incomes and food security.
2. When trade increases rural incomes through agricultural production and processing, it can boost food security by raising demand. However, trade liberalization and subsidies have also hurt some Kenyan farmers and decreased agricultural production in some areas.
3. Around half of Kenya's population experiences food insecurity. The country relies on food imports and trade to stabilize food supplies and prices. However, both formal and informal regional trade are impacted by barriers like tariffs and corruption.
The document summarizes key information about agriculture in Zambia including:
1) Agriculture contributes significantly to Zambia's economy through GDP, employment, and exports but productivity is low, especially for small-scale farmers.
2) Poverty is high in rural areas where most people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Improving productivity and trade could help reduce poverty.
3) Zambia has undertaken reforms and trade agreements to facilitate agricultural trade but infrastructure and policy inconsistencies remain challenges, particularly for small-scale farmers and trade corridors.
Food Staple Market Dynamics: Tracking Local Millet Prices in Senegal During T...AKADEMIYA2063
- The document analyzes how COVID-19 containment measures disrupted millet markets in Senegal by restricting movement. It tracks millet prices in major production and consumption areas from March to June 2020.
- Containment measures led to a general upward trend in millet prices as supply was reduced. Prices increased more sharply in June when measures were lifted. Deficit areas saw sustained higher prices throughout.
- The author recommends the government improve food distribution programs to mitigate impacts on vulnerable households, and better plan restrictions to minimize market disruptions and ensure staple food flows between surplus and deficit regions.
1. The document discusses opportunities for linking farmers in Southern and Eastern Africa to high-value livestock product markets. It provides lessons from the beef industry in Namibia and Botswana as well as the dairy industry in East Africa.
2. Key lessons from Namibia include smart branding, certification programs, and public-private partnerships to finance small producers. Lessons from Botswana include issues with its monopolistic market structure and weak traceability systems.
3. Dairy demand is growing strongly in East Africa, though non-tariff barriers and transport costs limit regional trade. Smallholder dairy farmers can compete by improving economies of scale and access to services.
This document discusses India's new agricultural policy and agribusiness policies. The key points are:
1. The new agricultural policy aims to achieve over 4% annual growth in agriculture over the next two decades through greater private sector participation, price supports for farmers, insurance schemes, and investments in infrastructure and marketing.
2. The policy focuses on incentives for agriculture through market reforms, credit access, and tax rationalization to boost investment and farmer incomes. It also aims to protect farmers from price fluctuations.
3. The government runs several programs to promote agribusiness, including training institutes, export zones, and schemes offering loans and infrastructure support to encourage private investments in processing, storage, and exports.
1. The document discusses the linkages between regional trade, rural livelihoods, and food security in Kenya. It finds that trade can positively or negatively impact rural incomes and food security.
2. When trade increases rural incomes through agricultural production and processing, it can boost food security by raising demand. However, trade liberalization and subsidies have also hurt some Kenyan farmers and decreased agricultural production in some areas.
3. Around half of Kenya's population experiences food insecurity. The country relies on food imports and trade to stabilize food supplies and prices. However, both formal and informal regional trade are impacted by barriers like tariffs and corruption.
The document summarizes key information about agriculture in Zambia including:
1) Agriculture contributes significantly to Zambia's economy through GDP, employment, and exports but productivity is low, especially for small-scale farmers.
2) Poverty is high in rural areas where most people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Improving productivity and trade could help reduce poverty.
3) Zambia has undertaken reforms and trade agreements to facilitate agricultural trade but infrastructure and policy inconsistencies remain challenges, particularly for small-scale farmers and trade corridors.
Food Staple Market Dynamics: Tracking Local Millet Prices in Senegal During T...AKADEMIYA2063
- The document analyzes how COVID-19 containment measures disrupted millet markets in Senegal by restricting movement. It tracks millet prices in major production and consumption areas from March to June 2020.
- Containment measures led to a general upward trend in millet prices as supply was reduced. Prices increased more sharply in June when measures were lifted. Deficit areas saw sustained higher prices throughout.
- The author recommends the government improve food distribution programs to mitigate impacts on vulnerable households, and better plan restrictions to minimize market disruptions and ensure staple food flows between surplus and deficit regions.
1. The document discusses opportunities for linking farmers in Southern and Eastern Africa to high-value livestock product markets. It provides lessons from the beef industry in Namibia and Botswana as well as the dairy industry in East Africa.
2. Key lessons from Namibia include smart branding, certification programs, and public-private partnerships to finance small producers. Lessons from Botswana include issues with its monopolistic market structure and weak traceability systems.
3. Dairy demand is growing strongly in East Africa, though non-tariff barriers and transport costs limit regional trade. Smallholder dairy farmers can compete by improving economies of scale and access to services.
This document discusses India's new agricultural policy and agribusiness policies. The key points are:
1. The new agricultural policy aims to achieve over 4% annual growth in agriculture over the next two decades through greater private sector participation, price supports for farmers, insurance schemes, and investments in infrastructure and marketing.
2. The policy focuses on incentives for agriculture through market reforms, credit access, and tax rationalization to boost investment and farmer incomes. It also aims to protect farmers from price fluctuations.
3. The government runs several programs to promote agribusiness, including training institutes, export zones, and schemes offering loans and infrastructure support to encourage private investments in processing, storage, and exports.
The document discusses potential areas of partnership between the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to address IFAD's needs through IFPRI's expertise in agricultural marketing research. Key areas identified include global and domestic trade issues, value chain analysis, market infrastructure and institutions, food safety, and cross-cutting analytical methods. Next steps proposed are bilateral discussions with IFAD country program managers, country visits, and revised work plans.
Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for MalawiIFPRIMaSSP
On 27 January 2017, Dr. Nicholas Minot, Deputy Division Director of IFPRI’s Markets, Trade, and Institutions Division led a seminar at IFPRI-Malawi on, “Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for Malawi.” His presentation explored the objectives and tradeoffs of creating public grain reserves and various policy options that affect their performance and cost.
AKADEMIYA2063-Ecowas Regional Learning event: Effects of COVID-19 on Staple F...AKADEMIYA2063
The document analyzes the effects of Covid-19 on staple food prices in West Africa. It finds that prices were generally stable or declined during lockdown periods, except in production areas of some countries. However, after lockdowns were lifted, prices rose in almost all markets across the region, especially in deficit areas. The conclusions recommend ensuring minimal disruptions to commodity flows during future crises, providing food aid to vulnerable groups in a way that limits negative impacts on markets, and better targeting restrictions to control disease spread.
This is a lecture I delivered at Mysore University Academic Staff College. The lecture takes into account the entire experience on agricultural policy of mine.References are purposefully not given as the readers can gwt to me.
Duke CGGC researchers Ghada Ahmed and Danny Hamrick gave the presentation at the International Policy Studies Organization (IPSO) conference on Middle East Dialogue on February 26, 2015. Following the presentation is a link to a YouTube video of the presentation.
This chapter is intended to ensure that students understand why agricultural policies are needed in both developing and developed countries. It will also shed light on the major forces that cause policy change, reasons for government involvement in agriculture and the place of agricultural policies in the future.
Agricultural Marketing and Economic DevelopmentFazlul Hoque
This document discusses the importance and history of agricultural marketing. It outlines key benefits including increased farm income, market widening, and employment creation. It also examines factors that influence marketable surplus such as farm size, production levels, and consumption habits. Finally, it provides characteristics of ideal marketing systems, including pricing efficiency based on transportation and storage costs.
The document outlines a research plan to analyze trends in regional agricultural trade, food security, and rural livelihoods in Kenya. Poverty and food insecurity are high in Kenya, with over 10 million facing food poverty. The objectives are to analyze regional trade trends and their implications for food security and livelihoods in Kenya. The research plan involves a literature review, determining trade's linkages to food security and livelihoods, and examining policy implications. Data sources include government statistics and stakeholder interviews. Expected outputs are preliminary, draft, and final reports, plus a policy brief.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
This document summarizes a research project analyzing the implications of shifting governance structures in the wheat value chain for food security in the Middle East and North Africa region. The project takes a global value chain approach, examining wheat trade and governance at the global, regional and country level through case studies of key countries. It finds that large transnational corporations play a dominant role in governing the global wheat chain, while governments still influence domestic segments. This complex governance system and other constraints pose vulnerabilities for food security in the MENA region.
The document summarizes trends in Uganda's agriculture sector and its linkages to trade, rural livelihoods, and development. It finds that while agricultural productivity and GDP have grown, most farmers have not benefited due to declining terms of trade. Poverty remains high in rural areas despite employment growth in agriculture. National policies aim to boost productivity and competitiveness through investment and trade liberalization, but overreliance on neighboring countries' infrastructure constrains agricultural trade.
Agriculture plays an important role in the Zambian economy, providing employment for 70% of the population. However, agricultural productivity, especially for small-scale farmers, remains low due to various constraints including a lack of access to markets, financing, education and infrastructure. Increasing agricultural trade could help reduce poverty but challenges like Zambia's landlocked status and high transportation costs must be addressed. The study examines policies and reforms needed to improve rural livelihoods and make agriculture a more effective engine for inclusive economic growth and trade.
The Effects of COVID-19 on Dietary Adequacy and the Role of Markets and Trade...AKADEMIYA2063
This AKADEMIYA2063-USAID learning event is the first in a series of cross-mission policy learning events. It focuses on findings from AKADEMIYA2063 workstreams related to diets, markets and trade.
The document discusses potential areas of partnership between the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to address IFAD's needs through IFPRI's expertise in agricultural marketing research. Key areas identified include global and domestic trade issues, value chain analysis, market infrastructure and institutions, food safety, and cross-cutting analytical methods. Next steps proposed are bilateral discussions with IFAD country program managers, country visits, and revised work plans.
Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for MalawiIFPRIMaSSP
On 27 January 2017, Dr. Nicholas Minot, Deputy Division Director of IFPRI’s Markets, Trade, and Institutions Division led a seminar at IFPRI-Malawi on, “Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for Malawi.” His presentation explored the objectives and tradeoffs of creating public grain reserves and various policy options that affect their performance and cost.
AKADEMIYA2063-Ecowas Regional Learning event: Effects of COVID-19 on Staple F...AKADEMIYA2063
The document analyzes the effects of Covid-19 on staple food prices in West Africa. It finds that prices were generally stable or declined during lockdown periods, except in production areas of some countries. However, after lockdowns were lifted, prices rose in almost all markets across the region, especially in deficit areas. The conclusions recommend ensuring minimal disruptions to commodity flows during future crises, providing food aid to vulnerable groups in a way that limits negative impacts on markets, and better targeting restrictions to control disease spread.
This is a lecture I delivered at Mysore University Academic Staff College. The lecture takes into account the entire experience on agricultural policy of mine.References are purposefully not given as the readers can gwt to me.
Duke CGGC researchers Ghada Ahmed and Danny Hamrick gave the presentation at the International Policy Studies Organization (IPSO) conference on Middle East Dialogue on February 26, 2015. Following the presentation is a link to a YouTube video of the presentation.
This chapter is intended to ensure that students understand why agricultural policies are needed in both developing and developed countries. It will also shed light on the major forces that cause policy change, reasons for government involvement in agriculture and the place of agricultural policies in the future.
Agricultural Marketing and Economic DevelopmentFazlul Hoque
This document discusses the importance and history of agricultural marketing. It outlines key benefits including increased farm income, market widening, and employment creation. It also examines factors that influence marketable surplus such as farm size, production levels, and consumption habits. Finally, it provides characteristics of ideal marketing systems, including pricing efficiency based on transportation and storage costs.
The document outlines a research plan to analyze trends in regional agricultural trade, food security, and rural livelihoods in Kenya. Poverty and food insecurity are high in Kenya, with over 10 million facing food poverty. The objectives are to analyze regional trade trends and their implications for food security and livelihoods in Kenya. The research plan involves a literature review, determining trade's linkages to food security and livelihoods, and examining policy implications. Data sources include government statistics and stakeholder interviews. Expected outputs are preliminary, draft, and final reports, plus a policy brief.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
This document summarizes a research project analyzing the implications of shifting governance structures in the wheat value chain for food security in the Middle East and North Africa region. The project takes a global value chain approach, examining wheat trade and governance at the global, regional and country level through case studies of key countries. It finds that large transnational corporations play a dominant role in governing the global wheat chain, while governments still influence domestic segments. This complex governance system and other constraints pose vulnerabilities for food security in the MENA region.
The document summarizes trends in Uganda's agriculture sector and its linkages to trade, rural livelihoods, and development. It finds that while agricultural productivity and GDP have grown, most farmers have not benefited due to declining terms of trade. Poverty remains high in rural areas despite employment growth in agriculture. National policies aim to boost productivity and competitiveness through investment and trade liberalization, but overreliance on neighboring countries' infrastructure constrains agricultural trade.
Agriculture plays an important role in the Zambian economy, providing employment for 70% of the population. However, agricultural productivity, especially for small-scale farmers, remains low due to various constraints including a lack of access to markets, financing, education and infrastructure. Increasing agricultural trade could help reduce poverty but challenges like Zambia's landlocked status and high transportation costs must be addressed. The study examines policies and reforms needed to improve rural livelihoods and make agriculture a more effective engine for inclusive economic growth and trade.
The Effects of COVID-19 on Dietary Adequacy and the Role of Markets and Trade...AKADEMIYA2063
This AKADEMIYA2063-USAID learning event is the first in a series of cross-mission policy learning events. It focuses on findings from AKADEMIYA2063 workstreams related to diets, markets and trade.
Accepting the unfinished: your ever-evolving intranetMartyn Perks
The document discusses how corporate intranets need to be flexible and adaptable to changing business needs and culture. It recommends building intranets using out-of-the-box standard components instead of bespoke custom solutions, and having governance that encourages experimentation rather than locking down systems. The goal is to focus on solving business problems rather than perfecting technology.
The document displays data in two columns: Column A shows values ranging from 0 to 35 arranged in rows, while Column B lists estrato (stratum) values and edad (age) values. The data appears to plot Column A values against estrato and edad metadata listed in Column B across 30 rows of data.
The document appears to be a template for a business presentation. It includes placeholders for slides on the presentation team, table of contents, organizational chart, sales data, employee information, milestones, and SWOT analysis. The majority of the content is generic sample text to be replaced by the presenter.
The document summarizes key statistics about Bangladesh's population and technology usage. It states that Bangladesh has a total population of over 36 million people, with 65% living in rural areas. Over 111 million people subscribe to mobile services in Bangladesh, giving the country a mobile penetration rate of 68%. Approximately 5 million people in Bangladesh use social media on their mobile devices, and around 22 million are internet users, representing an internet penetration rate of 14%.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of climate change on global wheat production. Researchers found that rising temperatures will significantly reduce wheat yields across different regions of the world by the end of the century. Under a high emissions scenario, the study projects a global average decrease in wheat production of around 7.4% with reductions as high as 25% in Central Asia and West Africa.
Wat zijn de ontwikkelingen op IT gebied en wat zijn de gevolgen voor de ambtenaar? Deze presentatie geeft een toekomstvisie en schetst de gevolgen voor de ambtenaar van de toekomst.
The document discusses how agricultural trade impacts rural livelihoods and food security in Kenya. It notes that Kenya relies on imports to meet food deficits and fulfill national food needs. However, trade liberalization and policies like subsidies in other countries have negatively impacted Kenya's agricultural sector and reduced rural incomes and employment opportunities. This has exacerbated food insecurity, with over half the population considered food insecure. The document examines the linkages between trade, rural livelihoods and food security in Kenya through literature review and analysis of trade patterns, poverty rates, and food security statistics.
The document summarizes key findings from a study on agricultural productivity, rural livelihoods, and trade in Zambia. It finds that while agriculture contributes significantly to Zambia's GDP and employment, productivity among small-scale farmers is below regional levels due to various constraints. These include lack of infrastructure, inputs, financing, and market access. The government is working to address these challenges and facilitate regional trade through various policy reforms and initiatives. However, more efforts are still needed to improve agricultural productivity and trade to reduce widespread rural poverty in Zambia.
This document provides an overview of agro processing in India. It discusses the meaning and introduction of agro processing, its significance and current status in India. It outlines some shortcomings like India's small share of global agri-trade. It also discusses the growth prospects in areas like socioeconomic changes, policy changes, infrastructure development and public-private partnerships. The document concludes that agro processing is a strategic industry for modernizing agriculture and generating employment in India.
1) The document analyzes regional trade in agriculture within the East African Community (EAC) and its implications for food security and rural livelihoods in Tanzania.
2) It finds that while intra-EAC trade has increased overall, Tanzania's share of imports from other EAC members has declined. The main agricultural exports from Tanzania go to Kenya, while most imports come from Kenya as well.
3) Cross-border trade within EAC impacts food security both positively by expanding markets and employment, and negatively by increased food price volatility; long-term solutions require boosting agricultural development and reducing poverty.
Marcos S. Jank
SPECIAL EVENT
Transforming Agriculture: Experiences and Insights from Brazil and Beyond
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Embrapa
MAY 15, 2018 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
The Road to Agricultural Transformation in Africa - Feed Africa’Francois Stepman
This document discusses the need for agricultural transformation in Africa and outlines the African Development Bank's strategic response. It notes that agriculture remains important for African economies and food security but that potential has not been fully realized. The Bank aims to help achieve four goals by 2025: end extreme poverty, eliminate hunger and malnutrition, make Africa a net exporter of commodities, and move Africa to the top of key value chains. This will require an estimated $315-400 billion investment over 10 years. The Bank will focus on integrated commodity value chains and employ seven enablers like increased productivity and financing to help orchestrate and scale transformation across Africa.
The document outlines Cambodia's agricultural transformation over the past 10 years and identifies opportunities and risks going forward. Key changes include increased productivity, expansion of rice milling, changing labor patterns, and infrastructure growth. Driving forces were policy reforms, investment, technology adoption, and higher food prices. Sustaining growth requires improving the business environment, public-private partnerships, skills development, and strategic national programs. The diagnostic study will analyze four commodities across regions using surveys, focus groups, and comparing to a previous study to inform Cambodia's agricultural roadmap.
This presentation was delivered at SIAL Food Show, Paris on 21st October, 2008. The presentation lets you get an insight on Indian Food Industries, key segments and entry strategy
1) The document discusses regional trade in agriculture within the East African Community (EAC) and its implications for food security and rural livelihoods in Tanzania.
2) It finds that while trade among EAC members has increased, Tanzania's share of imports has declined. However, Tanzania's exports to the EAC, particularly Kenya, have increased significantly.
3) The document analyzes how cross-border agricultural trade can both positively and negatively impact food security and rural livelihoods in Tanzania. Expanding markets and employment opportunities can improve conditions, but trade barriers and price volatility pose challenges.
1) The document discusses regional trade in agriculture within the East African Community (EAC) and its implications for food security and rural livelihoods in Tanzania.
2) It finds that while trade among EAC members has increased, Tanzania's share of imports has declined. However, Tanzania's exports to the EAC, particularly Kenya, have increased significantly.
3) The document analyzes how cross-border agricultural trade can both positively and negatively impact food security and rural livelihoods in Tanzania. Expanding markets and employment opportunities can improve conditions, but trade barriers and price volatility pose challenges.
This document discusses opportunities in the global agricultural sector, with a focus on opportunities in Nigeria. It notes that global demand for agricultural produce is increasing due to population growth, urbanization, rising incomes, and other factors. This is putting pressure on grains and cassava production. It also discusses the increasing global demand for protein as middle classes and incomes rise. Specific opportunities mentioned for Nigeria include investing in arable land, cassava production, fisheries, poultry, and animal husbandry. The document provides statistics and analysis to support these points.
Regional trade in agriculture within the East African Community (EAC) has implications for food security and rural livelihoods in Tanzania. While trade among EAC members has increased, Tanzania's share of imports has declined. Tanzania exports more agricultural products like maize, rice, and beans to Kenya than it imports, but imports more foodstuffs overall due to poor infrastructure. Expanding cross-border trade could help address food insecurity by increasing market access and reducing prices, but Tanzania must also improve agricultural production, infrastructure, and policies to strengthen food security and rural development.
This presentation was prepared and presented by J. K. Munguti from the Ministry of Industrialization Enterprise and Development during the Industrialization Week conference held at KICC Nairobi on 19th November 2013.
This document summarizes regional developments in Africa related to global food policy. It discusses:
1) Key macro trends including economic growth, poverty, hunger, shocks, urbanization, changing diets, and transforming value chains.
2) Implementation of the second phase of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and the Malabo Declaration through developing second generation national agricultural investment plans, improving mutual accountability, and building expertise and capacities.
3) Support provided through the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) for improved analysis and mutual accountability processes like joint sector reviews and biennial reviews in African countries.
Bedru Balana, Sugra Mahmood, Mariam Raouf, Fadi Abdelradi, Lensa Omune, Peter Odhiambo Owoko, and Anthony Kioko
POLICY SEMINAR
The Ukraine crisis: Unraveling the impacts and policy responses in low- and middle- income countries
AUG 31, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EDT
GREEN GRAMS MARKETING CONSULTATIVE MEETING ICRISATESA
1) Four counties in Kenya produced over 92,500 metric tons of green grams in 2018, valued between 6475-5550 million Kenyan shillings, due to good harvests.
2) However, farmers face difficulties finding reliable buyers as markets are depressed and Asian export options have reduced. Kenya also imports green grams despite having production that exceeds domestic consumption.
3) Potential export markets for Kenyan green grams include India, China, and others, but India's import quota restrictions in 2018 created market uncertainty. Investment is needed in production, storage, grading and value addition to improve competitiveness and market access.
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Water Resources (DAEWR)
10 years transformations of agriculture and food in West Africa
Agriculture and Rural Development Directorate
Alain SY TRAORE - atraore@ecowas.int
+234.803.25.96.402
This document discusses the role of Kenya's Ministry of Agriculture in trade policy making. It provides an overview of Kenya's agricultural sector and the Ministry's mandate to promote food security and agricultural exports. It then discusses the Ministry's involvement in trade policy processes, including participating in consultations for World Trade Organization agreements and Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations. It also describes challenges faced in trade negotiations due to factors like subsidies in developed countries and unfavorable terms of trade for agriculture.
110405 feats-ag, trade and development-overview of country studies-revisedJulien Grollier
The document summarizes key findings from studies conducted in 5 African countries (Malawi, Uganda, Zambia, Kenya and Tanzania) on linking trade and agriculture for inclusive development. Some main points are:
- Agriculture is a major sector but productivity is low due to issues like limited inputs, land tenure systems, and low commercialization.
- Food security challenges exist due to factors like low production, market barriers, and environmental/policy issues.
- Trade can benefit development if managed well, but countries face issues like reliance on few exports, high trade costs for landlocked countries, and barriers to regional agricultural trade.
- Recommendations include prioritizing agriculture, improving productivity, promoting regional trade, addressing
The document discusses agricultural development and trade issues in Uganda. It finds that while Uganda's GDP growth has been high, agricultural productivity has declined in recent decades due to factors like lack of improved inputs, animal and plant diseases, and unreliable weather. Uganda is also landlocked, relying on neighbors for trade, but this poses challenges like high transportation costs and delays. The document recommends that Uganda prioritize improving agricultural productivity through investment, research, and adoption of new technologies. It also suggests improving trade facilitation through regional agreements and infrastructure development to address challenges of being landlocked.
The Zambian economy relies heavily on agriculture but agricultural productivity, especially for small-scale farmers, has been declining. As a landlocked country, Zambia also faces challenges in facilitating trade. The study examined factors affecting agricultural productivity and trade facilitation issues. It recommends that the government increase spending on infrastructure, irrigation, and extension services to support small-scale farmers and ensure fairness in agricultural markets. Regional organizations should also reduce barriers to regional agricultural trade to boost productivity and trade.
This document summarizes a study on the linkages between agricultural productivity, trade, and rural livelihoods in Malawi. It finds that while agricultural productivity has increased due to government interventions, constraints like high costs, low adoption rates, and poor infrastructure continue to challenge the sector. As a landlocked country, Malawi faces high transportation costs that reduce the competitiveness of its exports. The document recommends improving transportation infrastructure, facilitating regional trade, promoting irrigation and mechanization, and supporting research to develop competitive agricultural commodities and markets.
This document provides an overview of the Geneva Resource Centre presentation by Julian Mukiibi. The presentation outlines the context, objectives, implementation activities and milestones, performance indicators, and challenges of the FEAD project. The objectives are to develop an enabling environment for private sector agriculture and strengthen networks between stakeholders. Implementation includes research in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, along with advocacy events in those countries and in Geneva. Milestones include completing policy briefs and advocacy dialogues. Challenges include timely delivery and ensuring stakeholder engagement, but the project aims to be sustainable and replicated in other countries.
This document summarizes the development and application of the Inclusive Trade Policy Making Index (ITPMI). The ITPMI was first applied in 2009 to assess the inclusiveness of trade policymaking processes in five countries. It analyzed participation of key actors like government ministries, private sector, and civil society organizations. Based on lessons from 2009, the ITPMI questionnaire was improved for a 2010 survey. Factor analysis of 2010 results validated the conceptual framework and identified three dimensions of governance, participation, and representation. Going forward, the ITPMI aims to strengthen methodology, expand its database, and use it to promote more inclusive development approaches beyond trade policy or specific countries.
The document discusses the key stakeholders in Tanzania's national trade policy process and their roles and influence. It identifies the main stakeholders as government bodies, farmers/cooperatives, workers unions, industrialists, traders, academics/researchers, NGOs, political parties, and special interest groups. While many groups have a stake in trade policy, the most influential are industrial organizations like manufacturers' associations due to their resources and unified interests. Strengthening stakeholders' participation requires addressing lack of knowledge and resources through training programs. Ongoing public-private dialogue platforms are also important to ensure all voices can be heard in developing trade policy.
The document outlines the objectives, methods, and data sources for a study on the linkages between agricultural productivity, rural livelihoods, and trade in agriculture and trade facilitation in Zambia. The study aims to analyze trends in agricultural productivity, trade, and livelihoods in Zambia. It will employ primary and secondary data sources including interviews with stakeholders and a case study of a selected district. The conclusions will combine data sources and include recommendations.
The document summarizes a study on the implications of trade in agriculture within the East African Community (EAC) on food security and rural livelihoods in Tanzania. Specifically, it aims to analyze trends in regional agricultural trade and their relationship to food security and rural incomes in Tanzania. The study will use statistical analysis of secondary data from government sources as well as primary data from stakeholders to address these objectives and provide recommendations for policymakers, regional partners, and other target groups.
The document discusses challenges in aid, development finance, and global economic governance in light of the global financial crisis. It notes new challenges for aid donors due to budget pressures and changing priorities around issues like global public goods. It also discusses how emerging markets and decisions by the G20, such as on exchange rates and fiscal policy, have major effects on low-income countries and least developed countries, but that these countries have little voice in forums like the G20. It argues the G20 should improve links to the private sector and formally consider issues facing low-income countries, including potentially giving them seats at the G20 table, to better account for the development impacts of their policies.
CSOs play an important role in national trade policy making according to the document. The Cotonou Partnership Agreement recognizes the role of CSOs and requires that they be informed, consulted, and involved in cooperation policies and strategies. It also provides financial resources and capacity building support to help CSOs engage in the policy process. The key strategies CSOs use to influence trade policy include research, advocacy, capacity building, and awareness raising. The document also notes that while the private sector plays an advisory role, CSOs play a major role in shaping the trade policy process and ensuring transparency.
The document discusses the role of Zambia's Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry (MCTI) in the country's trade policymaking process. It outlines that MCTI is recognized as the custodian of trade policy in Zambia. The MCTI has been consulted on trade policy changes at both the regional and international levels through its participation in organizations like COMESA, SADC, and the WTO. Domestically, the MCTI initiates and concludes changes to Zambia's trade policy and consults with stakeholders through the National Working Group on Trade.
The document provides an introduction to the WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) and an overview of the status of negotiations under the Doha Round. It discusses the key pillars and objectives of the AoA, including market access, domestic support, and export competition. It then summarizes the negotiating process and positions on agriculture since the Doha Round was launched in 2001, including draft modalities from 2008 that proposed formulas for reducing tariffs and domestic support.
The document summarizes the trade policy making process in Uganda and the role of civil society organizations (CSOs). It describes how the Ugandan government developed a National Trade Policy in 2007 with input from stakeholders like CSOs. CSOs participated in consultations and provided feedback to policy drafts with the aim of creating a pro-human development trade policy. However, CSO engagement was ad hoc and their influence was limited. Moving forward, the document recommends that CSOs more actively monitor implementation and strategize for participating in the next policy review.
Research organizations play an important role in national trade policymaking by carrying out independent research to guide policy development and implementation. They provide analysis of ongoing trade processes and policy options. In Uganda, research organizations input into trade policy documents and support trade negotiations. They produce quick response analyses that outline details of trade liberalization schedules, including the timeframe, value, and percentage of tariff lines liberalized for various goods. However, these organizations face challenges such maintaining credibility, remaining ideologically neutral, obtaining untied financing, and recruiting and retaining qualified researchers.
The document summarizes the role of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry & Fisheries (MAAIF) in Uganda's trade policy making process. MAAIF's key responsibilities relate to supporting agricultural production but it has limited involvement in trade policy discussions. It currently has only one representative in the trade policy committee, which MAAIF views as insufficient given agriculture's importance to Uganda's economy and trade. MAAIF faces challenges providing input and would like greater representation in trade discussions. Coordination between Uganda's institutions involved in trade matters also needs improvement.
The document summarizes the process of developing Uganda's National Trade Policy. It describes how a consultant was hired to write a background document examining existing trade policies and stakeholder views. A drafting team then developed a draft policy which underwent stakeholder consultations and revisions. The final policy aims to use trade to reduce poverty and supports private sector competitiveness and productive sectors domestically and internationally. It analyzes Uganda's trade situation and barriers and emphasizes trade linkages and complementarities with other policies.
The document summarizes the findings of a study on inclusive trade policy making processes in five African countries: Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. It identifies the main stakeholders in trade policy making as government ministries, other relevant government agencies, the private sector, and civil society organizations. It also describes the various consultative mechanisms used by the different countries and analyzes challenges to participation faced by each stakeholder group. Finally, it introduces an Inclusive Trade Policy Making Index developed to measure inclusiveness of trade policy processes.
CSOs play an important role in Tanzania by advocating for policies that benefit citizens and holding the government accountable. They influence trade policies through representation on technical working groups, conducting policy campaigns and research, and lobbying decision-makers. However, CSOs face challenges in advocacy like lack of legal frameworks for participation, weak relationships between organizations, and lack of funding and skills. Strengthening partnerships between sectors and building CSO capacity could help ensure peoples' rights and sustainable development.
2. Structure of Presentation
Background
Methodology
Regional Trade and Implications on Food Security In
Kenya
Poverty and Food Security in Kenya
Implications of regional trade and livelihoods and food security
Policy, Institutional Frameworks and Interplay of
Stakeholders
Conclusions and Recommendations
3. Background
Food Security situation in Kenya has worsened in
recent years due to -recent droughts, rising food
prices & rising levels of poverty
Kenya thus relies on food imports and Trade is
important for stabilizing the national food
supplies and food prices.
Food imports largely consist of Maize which is a
staple food
Regional trade agreements –COMESA &EAC
important for imports & Export incomes
4. Methodology
Secondary data used for trend analysis
Primary data –
FGDs with farmer organizations.
› Key Informants – Ministries and Govt
Institutions, NGOs
› Observations at 4border points along Kenya
Tanzania and Kenya Uganda borders
Review of Policies, Legal and Regulatory
Frameworks
5. Poverty and Food Security: The Kenyan
Situation
Poverty –overall 46.1 percent; Rural poverty stands at 49.1%.
Only 16 percent of Kenya is Arable land
Rural poverty mostly associated with agriculture and land
› Highest in ASALs in Eastern and North-eastern – Desert
› High potential areas e.g Central are over exploited due to
population pressure
Poverty is highly correlated with food security i.e high poverty
areas are the most food insecure – ASALs
70 percent Kenyans -net buyers of food
Staple food is Maize – key element of food security
dependence on rain fed agriculture -output from maize fell
from a surplus of 9 million bags in 2006 to a deficit of 35
million bags in 2009
Food security worsened since 1990s and by 2003, food imports
were 14 percent of total value of imports and 25 percent of
agricultural imports today these values have almost doubled
6. Food Security Situation contd’
only 47 percent of the entire Kenyan population is food
secure.
Hence Kenya’s dependency on food Aid has continued
to rise over the years Trends in food aid
In 2010/11 WFP is feeding of 4.2 million people in 25
districts and over a million children through the school
feeding program
Food imports especially cereals have also increased –
deficits in 2009 was 95,000MT met through imports
In 2010 – bumper harvest led to a 40 tonne Surplus
Currently (2011) drought has caused a deficit in
production and about 27 districts in need of food aid
7. Regional Trade and Food Security in
Kenya
Mainly consisting of Trade between Kenya –EAC and
Kenya COMESA
Trends Trends –Kenya COMESA Trade
Exports mainly –tea, (manufactured goods –cement,
cigarettes), Sugar Kenya-EAC Exports
Imports Kenya EAC- Imports
Regional food imports come from the region Uganda
and Tanzania 108,155 MT and 56,900 respectively
in 2009, Malawi -110,000MT in 2008
Main food imports from the region include – Maize,
beans, Millet and onions and potatoes
8. Informal Trade and Food Security
From border points observations-
Goods entering Kenya included, maize, beans, bananas, fresh fruits
and vegetables-tomatoes, onions avocados, pineapples and Textiles
Goods leaving Kenya included counterfeit
batteries, cigarettes, detergents, beverages, sugar, mattresses and other
household goods
Reasons for illicit trade:
› delays at the border which in some cases along Busia-Malaba border
was up to 7 hours
› High Administrative costs -numerous requirements such as trade
licenses – business and road license, phyto-sanitary certificates
› Corruption and bribery at police checkpoints
Magnitude is hard to measure
Positive aspects#
› Improve access to food#
› drives down prices of foods# - a plus for consumers but not producers
› Provides incomes and improves livelihoods for traders#
9. Implications of Regional Trade on
Food Security contd’
1. Increased imports – cheap food imports acting as a
dis-incentive for producers ( especially innneficient
producers)
2. On one hand –loss of incomes for producers and
farm labourers but on the other hand creation of
employment and incomes for traders
3. Improved availability of food especially in areas near
border points
10. Policy Issues
Conspicuously absent redistributive policies – from
surplus to deficit regions within the country
Food security policy has laid much emphasis on Maize
sector as a staple ignoring other food crops which
would raise food security –cassava, plantains etc
Food Security policy not coherent with trade policy
While trade policy is more export oriented- emphasis has been
placed on high value non traditional food crops –Horticulture
hence a shift away from staple food production
Institutions mainly bent towards emergency response
–donors and NGOs distributing food aid
11. Agricultural Policies and recent
Developments in the Sector
Strategy for Revitalization of Agriculture 2003-
wide spread stakeholder consultations
sector based approach- implementation by different ministries
National food security policy
Parliamentary committees – SUPA, COTEPA
Advocacy groups –Civil society – SUCAM
Programs to help farmers –
fertilizer subsidy program
National Accelerated Agricultural Input Access Project
Kilimo plus- voucher system for seeds and fertilizer
Kilimo biashara – Low costcost credit to purchase inputs (Ksh 605
million for 121,000 farmers
Njaa Marufuku - Ksh 327.6 million to assist 1,866 groups, 40 schools
and 35organizations to undertake food security projects.
12. Agricultural Policies and recent
Developments in the Sector contd’
Agricultural Sector Development Strategy – 2010-
2020
Part of Comprehensive African Agricultural
Development Programme (CAADP) launched in Kenya
in 2005.
Agriculture positioned as the key driver for delivering
10 percent annual economic growth rate envisaged in
the vision 2030
Recognises food security as an integral part of
agriculture
Emphasis also placed on other enabling factors such as
infrastructure, NTBs etc
Implementation through ASCU- Agricultural Sector
coordination unit
13. Conclusions
Factors that affect food security include both global
and national level
Global level- trade practices – subsidies, NTBs, rising oil
prices, climate change and food aid
National Level- Liberalization and SAPs, poor policy and
planning, poor infrastructure, imports that inherently affect
production as well as incomes and employment, and poverty
Policy failures – Redistributive mechanisms, strategic grain
reserves, poor infrastructure and institutions that lay emphasis
on drought and emergency food distribution rather than
production and grain marketing
Private sector participation in grain marketing is low and
government management of grain distribution from surplus to
deficit areas is dismal
14. Policy Recommendations
1. Need for an equitable global environment for trade;
removal of subsidies and climate change mitigation.
2. Taking care of regional NTBs to enhance regional
trade
3. Most of what needs to be done is mainly at National
level
1. Need for a clear and comprehensive trade policy that takes into
account food security issues
2. Addressing infrastructural bottlenecks and redistributive
mechanisms from surplus to deficit areas.
3. Need for a comprehensive institutional framework to enable
private sector participation in the process as well as
consolidation of information for future referencing.
15. Policy recommendations continued
Improving productivity through
Irrigation programmes especially in ASALs
Fertilizer and seeds subsidies to farmers
Post-harvest and storage facilities to farmers
Buy farmer’s produce at good prices during bumper harvests
Better planning and management of the NCPB for
the marketing and storage of strategic grain reserves
Establishment of regional information and regional
food security forum to ensure better redistribution
from surlus to deficit regions within EAC and
COMESA eg through EAGC
Involvement of donors – not only for emergency
needs but also irrigation projects etc