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SESSION 11: How to create Questionare in a Research
- 2. A QUICK CHECK •Ideas for questionnaire •Readings: Chapters 10 &11
- 3. TYPES OF QUESTION •Open-ended questions •Response categories not provided •Closed questions •Possible answers are set out •Open-ended vs closed questions - Why consideration?
- 7. CLOSED QUESTIONS • Ensure information needed is obtained • Responses are easier to analyze • Information lacks depth and variety • Greater possibility of investigator bias • Tendency for respondents to tick a category without thinking OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS • Provide wealth of information • Provide respondents opportunity to express themselves freely • Less chance of investigator bias • More difficult to analyze • Loss of information as respondents may not be able to express themselves PROS AND CONS – QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
- 8. TYPES OF QUESTION •Decision making •Purpose for the use of a piece of information •Type of study population: Who is your participant? •Proposed format for communicating the findings: How are you going to report your study? •Etc. (open-ended or close-ended)
- 9. FORMULATING EFFECTIVE QUESTIONS •Use simple, direct, and specific language •Don’t use ambiguous questions • Does watching movies help to improve your pronunciation? •Don’t use double-barreled questions • How often and how much time do you spend on each visit? •Don’t ask leading questions • Would you recommend our excellent service to others? •Don’t ask questions based on presumption • How many words do you learn from reading books everyday?
- 10. USING LIKERT SCALE •Attitudinal scale •Exploration, measurement and determination of the intensity •Combination of attitudes towards different aspects into one indicator •Points of consideration: •One-, two-, or three-directional categories? •Categories or numerical scale?
- 12. CALCULATING ATTITUDINAL SCORES •Positive statements •Ex: Learning English is important. •SA A U D SD •5 4 3 2 1 •Negative statements •Ex: It’s impossible to get a nativelike accent. •SA A U D SD •1 2 3 4 5
- 13. CONSTRUCTING THE QUESTIONNAIRE 1.List all the research questions / objectives 2.For each research question, list all associated questions 3.For each question in step 2, list all information required to answer it 4.Formulate question(s) that help to obtain the required information
- 14. GROUP WORK •Discussion with the instructor: issues related to •Type of questions •Items on questionnaire •Group activities: •Listing required information •Formulating question items for questionnaire
- 15. PREPARATION FOR NEXT MEETING •Possible items for questionnaires •Readings: Chapters 15-16