Presented at USA-SOUTH AFRICA: BORDER SURVEILLANCE AND ANTI-POACHING TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION SYMPOSIUM by Maj. Gen. Johan Jooste

1. Environmental Asset Management
Maj. Gen. Johan Jooste

2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSET
MANAGEMENT
Maj Gen (ret ) Johan Jooste
2

3. SYNDICATED
CRIME
ILLICIT
WILDLIFE
TRADE
DEMAND
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSETS
GREED &
POVERTY
3
The Threat
THE ILLICITWILDLIFE TRADE HAS 4 PRIMARY INTERACTIVE COMPONENTS
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4. A global phenomena
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5. Organized crime
WHAT WE NEED
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INTERNATIONAL
CONSUMER
4
3
NATIONAL EXPORTER
NATIONAL COURIER
2
LOCAL COURIER OR TRANSITO
THE POACHER IN THE PARK
1
WHAT WE CAN DO INSIDE THE PARK
Victory in the court room
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6. The poacher (symptom)
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7. When borders become fault lines
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8. When boundaries become irrelevant
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9. Good fence – good neighbour ?
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10. Environmental Asset Management
(EAM)
• Law enforcement a prominent part of
conservation
• Manage
– Valuable asset
– Natural heritage
– Stakeholders
• High cost of ownership
• Depletion always looms
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11. The asset
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12. Asset utilized as passive road block
(Who needs technology)
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13. “Republic of Kruger National Park”
• Armagedon or not
• Triumph of evil over good – “Symbolism”
• Rhino
• Elephant…
1000 km border
• National asset
• Regional pride
• International icon
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14. • 2 million ha
• 1 982 Plant species
– 404 woody
– 224 grass
• 147 Mammal sp
• 517 Bird sp
• 119 Reptile sp
• 52 Fish sp (including 3
exotics)
• 35 Amphibians
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KRUGER NATIONAL PARK

15. GAME VIEWING
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16. The dark side of Kruger
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17. 17
KNP philosophy
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18. Facingthe challenge
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19. Strategic level
• Clear the Park from the outside
• Asset management
• Demand reduction
• Communities:
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20. 20
Operational level approach
The KNP is Surrounded by
Potential Strategic Partners
• Urban & Rural Communities
• Private & Provincial Reserves
• Hotels, Lodges & Resorts
• Informal Settlements
• Farms & Businesses
KNP CAN ONLY BE CLEARED
FROM THE OUTSIDE
LNP
MLC
GRU
NIG 20

21. 21
Intelligent deployment of resources
Nxanatseni North & South
CPZ
Composite Protection Zone
Marula North JPZ
Joint Protection Zone
Marula South IPZ
Intensive Protection Zone
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22. Tactical capabilities
• Expand air services
• Special rangers
• Canine capability
• Night enhancement
• PERSISTANT AND UNPREDICTABLE
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23. “Militarization” of Rangers
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
• For Rangers on the Front Lines of Anti-Poaching Wars,
Daily Trauma. Unsung heroes face daunting
challenges.
• Worldwide, about two rangers are killed every week,"
says Sean Willmore, president of the International
Ranger Federation and founder of the Thin Green Line
Foundation, a charity that trains rangers and supports
the widows of those killed in the line of duty. "But
that's only partial data," he adds. "It could be double
that amount."
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24. No substitute for the Ranger
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25. Force multipliers
• Training
• Equipment – mobility
• Doctrine – the “how”
• TECHNOLOGY
Surveillance / early warning / tracking /
detection (“SETD”)
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26. EAMA-PO Mission
The EAM for Africa Programme
Office is the continental nodal
point for contemporary,
integrated and holistic EAM
solutions to ensure
the commissioning and
sustainment of systems based
on validated user requirements,
customised for African, regional
and Park’s realities
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27. Approach
• EAM customized
• African bush application
• Simple man/ machine interface
• Life cycle affordability
• Turnkey solutions (“wet lease”)
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28. Application
• Protect
• Enhance
• Non lethal
• Lethal
• Command and control
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29. Possible Technology Solutions
Electronic Fence
Monitored Fence
Mobile Phone Tracking
GSM Omnidirectional
receiving antenna
Direction Finding
Antenna
Direction Finding
Uplink Downlink
Unit
GPS Module
Operation &
Direction Finding
Antenna
Serial Interface
Maintenance Terminal
Power Supply Unit
Accumulation
Battery
Inverter
Power Supply Unit
A5 Kc Calculator
GSM Omnidirectional
receiving antenna
Uplink Downlink
Interception unit
Direction Finding
Unit
GPS Module
Operation &
Serial Interface
Maintenance Terminal
Accumulation
Battery
Inverter
A5 Kc Calculator
Interception unit
Seismic Fence
Operational
Control Centre
Control Centre
Seismic Sensor
Comms Tracking Aerial Surveillance
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30. Technology in the IPZ
System architecture
LEGEND
Park Gates
Radio Relay
Sites
20km
ClearVu
Invisible
Wall
40km buried
seismic
cable
Gate canine
system
Control room
Speci
al
Rang
ers
Mobile
phone
tracker
Note: HUMINT not shown
Relay
site
ICOM
radios
Ground-to-
air
radios
Data
60km FFT
SecureFenceTM
Mutualink
Gateway and
Command &
Control
Facility
Ranger Station Locations
are for illustrative
purposes. These will
require radio planning once
finalized.
Ranger Camps
Existing Camps
Link to Ranger Camp
High Speed
LBianckk tboo Sneensor
System
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31. Taking to the air
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32. Way forward
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33. The Illicit Wildlife Trade
A GLOBAL PROBLEM WITH SEVERE REGIONAL IMPACT
AND CATASTROPHIC LOCAL IMPACT
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