The document describes the design of a tumor insert for a programmable respiratory motion platform. The insert aims to simulate breathing motion in both the anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions to improve precision and accuracy for lung cancer tumor tracking during radiation therapy. Key aspects of the design include: (1) providing motion up to 8 cm in the superior-inferior direction and 6 cm in the anterior-posterior direction, (2) a tumor holder that secures the tumor and moves within the insert, and (3) control of the insert motion using stepper motors and an Arduino/Processing-based interface. Preliminary testing of prototypes showed the design met dimensional requirements and the control interface successfully operated the motors within defined parameters

1. www.buffalo.edu
QUASAR programmable respiratory motion platform has
three modes of operation in the platform: oscillation mode,
rotation mode and position mode.
●System is controlled by software
●Motions are programmable
●Provides superior-inferior direction
●Not accurate representation of respiratory motion
●Not precise motion tracking of lung cancer tumors
● Create a completely wireless system
● 2nd round of prototyping
● Improve machining process and materials
● Complete tumor tracking studies
● Create system to allow user to input patient data
There will be three designs for this platform, including: cylindrical insert,
wall system, and bed system.
Bed-system provides superior - inferior direction (y-direction),
including:
○ Thomson rods and bearings
○ Wood bed
○ Nema-17-stepper motor
○ Belt
○ Provide a motion in AP direction for the tumor
○ Maximum moving distance of 8.0 cm. (6.0 cm is required)
Tumor holder
○ Threaded rod will connect with a motor through a coupling
and provide the SI motion
○ The smooth rod will secure a system and prevent any tremor
○ Both rods will place through two holes designed in the tumor
holder
○ Hollow space in one end with a distance of 2.0 cm depth to
Wall-system provides anterior - posterior direction (z-direction),
including:
○ Thomson rod
○ Wood wall
○ Nema-17-stepper motor
○ Tumor holder
○ Be secure perpendicular with a wood bed in a bed system
Abstract
Existing Approach
Project Purpose
Design
Background
Testing and Results
QUASAR Programmable Respiratory Motion Tumor Insert
Daniel Shin; An Tran; Jessica Traub; Kunyu Wu
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Iris Wang, PhD and Zheng Zheng Xu
Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Acknowledgements
References
• https://www.roswellpark.org/newsroom/roswell-park-logos
• Modulus Medical Devices Inc., Programmable Respiratory Motion Platform - User's Guide
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lungcancerdefined/01.html>.
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Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2012, National
Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2012/, based on November 2014 SEER data
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on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering. Ed. Dossel Olaf and Schlegel Wolfgang. 1st ed. Vol. 25/3. Springer,
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2013. Web. 4 Nov. 2015.
Future Work and Other Applications
Figure 5: Insert 3.5. The hollow space
allow to motion in range of 0 - 3.5
cm. The tumor holder will be able to
move in SI direction with a maximum
distance of 3.5 cm.
Lung and bronchus cancer is a serious and prominent disease
compared to other cancers. Lung cancer is difficult to be treated
without any side effects. Currently, the QUASAR Programmable
Respiratory Motion Phantom is designed to simulate the breathing
motion of a patient, intended to increase the overall testing capabilities
for radiation therapy of lung cancer research. This existing approach
improves the precision and accuracy of such radiation therapies but
only provides one direction, Superior-Inferior (SI). The goal of this
project is to design a tumor insert in order to simulate breathing motion
in the Anterior-Posterior (AP) direction and in the Superior and Inferior
(SI) direction. This design is beneficial to achieve greater precision
and accuracy for tracking lung cancer tumors for radiation therapy
using the unidirectional QUASAR respiratory motion phantom as well
as a way to improve patient treatment.
Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)
●Common but grow and spread faster
●Difficult to detect in early stage
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
●Limited Stage - Occur in one lung
●Extensive Stage - Spread to the other lung
Four different stages of NSCLC based on TNM
system
●Stage I - Cancer may be present in the underlying
lung tissues, but the lymph nodes remain unaffected
●Stage II - Cancer may have spread to nearby lymph
nodes
●Stage III - Cancer is continuing to spread from the
lungs to the lymph nodes or to nearby structures
and organs
●Stage IV - Cancer has metastasized throughout the
body and may now affect the liver, bones or brain
Figure 2: Four different stages of non-small cell lung cancer
Design a platform
! Can support around 3 pounds
! Be able to move in anterior - posterior direction (z-direction)
! Be able to move in superior - inferior direction (y-direction)
! Made of material that does not cause noise and scattering of the
X- Ray photons
! Material should have similar attenuation coefficient number to
lung
! Be able to adjust the amplitude and frequency of the motion
! Be able to transport
Project Goals
! Have similar breathe rate to humans for tumor tracking research
(2D)
! Produce anterior - posterior direction (z-direction) motion
! Produce superior - inferior direction (y-direction) motion
! Can be tested under CT machine
! Can be programmed with various amplitudes and frequencies
! Can easily be transported
Software Programs
Figure 7: User Interface - user can adjust the amplitude (A) and period (T)
● Technologies: Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and
respiratory gating
● Use body imaging techniques and high beam radiation to track
and treat the tumor in the body
● To improve the precision and accuracy of radiation therapies:
QUASAR Programmable Respiratory Motion Phantom
○ Simulates the breathing motion of a patient which increases the
overall testing capabilities for radiation therapy
○ Contains a body oval, a drive unit, a respiratory phantom mass,
cylindrical cedar inserts, a chest wall platform and power supply
○ Designed for dosimetric and non-dosimetric measurement while
testing a moving object
○ Contains motion of a cylindrical cedar insert moving in the
Superior and Inferior (SI) direction [1]
○ Chest wall platform works as a third-party motion tracking
system and is linked to the QUASAR phantom
○ Only unidirectional motion. Breathing motion of the lungs are in
3D
• Dimensions of the bed system is satisfied the requirement.
• Tumor holder - Dowel round wood(1-⅛’’) - Reduced machining
cost.
• Cylindrical insert - Laser CNC slices of cork adhered by E6000
glue to achieve complete insert. It satisfied the diameter of the
cylindrical insert space QUASAR. It satisfied the space
requirement for the tumor holder for motion in the Y-direction
and Z-direction.
• Material Testing: Both tumor holders satisfied the CT test seen
in figure 8. One was coated with nail lacquer and the other was
not. They were compared to the existing QUASAR insert
material.
• Software Testing: Each motor was tested individually and
together for their accuracy. The period and amplitude were
measured manually. The results of each trial are seen in table 1.
Preliminary Sketch
Figure 4:
Programmable Motion
Platform. This image
shows a better view of
a whole system,
including: cylindrical
insert, wall system
and bed system.
Our prototype
Cylindrical insert
○ Be the same size as the QUASAR’s insert
○ Provide a space through all the insert for the tumor to move
○ Hollow space will fit the size of a tumor holder
○ Maximum IS motion: 1.0 - 4.0 cm
○ Average IS motion: 2.0 - 3.0 cm
○ Period - 6 seconds
Figure 3: QUASAR
Programmable
Respiratory Platform
Figure 1: QUASAR Programmable
Respiratory Phantom
Table 1: Amplitude and Period Testing and Results
A B
Figure 6: (A) Tumor Insert System. Side View. Finished design with both z-
direction and y-direction, and tumor holder. (B) Tumor Insert System. Corner
view of completed design.
Interface Trial
Failure/
Success
Reason for
Failure
Interface Trial
Failure/
Success
Reason for
Failure
Up
1 F Exceed input
Z -
Amplitude
1 S N/A
2 S N/A 2 S N/A
3 S N/A 3 S N/A
Down
1 F Exceed input
Y -
Amplitude
1 S N/A
2 S N/A 2 S N/A
3 S N/A 3 S N/A
Left
1 F Exceed input
Z - Time
Delay
1 S N/A
2 S N/A 2 S N/A
3 S N/A 3 S N/A
Right
1 F Exceed input
Y – Time
Delay
1 S N/A
2 S N/A 2 S N/A
3 S N/A 3 S N/A
Z – Time
Period
1 F Exceed input
Y – Time
Period
1 F Exceed input
2 F Exceed input 2 F Exceed input
3 F Exceed input 3 F Exceed input
4 S N/A 4 S N/A
Both
Motor
1 S N/A
2 S N/A
1. The Arduino program is uploaded to the Arduino
Board. The function of the code is to control the motor
through the driver.
2. The user interface is written in the Processing
Environment.
3. On the interface, there are three sections to control
the motor in the Y-direction and the Z-direction. Each
motor has two text boxes to let the user input
the amplitude and time period. Running both motors
allows the user input a time delay for either motor. For
each motor, there are two buttons: ‘run’ and ‘stop’. Run
starts the code and the movement of the motor. Stop
causes the motors to terminate movement. There is a
clock and there are controls to adjust the Z-direction up
and down and the Y-direction left and right.
Figure 8: CT Testing
Results. HU Profile
showing both the
tumor holder material
with and with out nail
lacquer compared to
original QUASAR
insert material.