This document summarizes a study examining the mechanism of PDZK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with hyperuricemia. The study used flow cytometry, RT-PCR analysis, western blot assay, and in vivo tumorigenesis experiments to evaluate the expression of the PDZK1 protein in samples of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue from mice with induced hyperuricemia. The results suggest that high levels of uric acid may increase PDZK1 expression and affect proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by impacting tumor immunity. The conclusions indicate that further understanding protein interactions between diseases can reveal new treatment approaches.

1. By: Alejandro Mazo Ramírez
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
Facultad de Medicina. III semestre

2. Introduction
• Also known as hepatoma,
its the most common
type of primary liver
cancer. It is often
produced in people who
have long-term diseases
or bad habits, such as
hepatitis virus type B or
type C, being a long time
smoker, heavy drinking or
having cirrhosis.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma

3. Hyperuricemia
Introduction
• Uric acid is the final
product of the purine
catabolism. When its levels
in blood are high enough,
aside from acidifying it, it
may denote other
metabolic syndromes.
• Previous studies have
proved that the serum uric
acid level can increase the
incidence rate and
mortality of malignant
tumors.

4. Objective
• Study the mechanism of PDZK1
in hepatocellular carcinoma
complicated with hyperuricemia

5. Methods
Flow Cytometry Assay RT-PCR Analysis
In this study, single cells are rapidly
analized as they pass through
multiple lasers in a solution
It can determine characteristics of
certain cells or even identify tumor
markers
It is done to see if a certain genetic
sequence is present when the study
is done.
Here they are evaluating the
expression of a protein (PDZK1)

6. Methods
Western blot assay In Vivo Tumorigenesis
A sample of HCC was taken, and after
some processing it was transplanted
into mices with hyperuricemia. After
sacrificing them a sample of tumor
tissue was taken.
This technique is used to detect a
specific protein in a sample (blood
or tissue are commonly used)
It is used gel electrophoresis to
separate proteins according to their
molecular weight.

7. Results

8. Results

9. Discussion
Author What they said Agree/Disagree
M. Chen, X. Lu, C. Lu et
al [35]
In our study, the mRNA
expression of PDZK1 was
signifcantly increased after HCC
after diferent concentrations of
soluble uric acid treatment
Agree
I. Andia and E. Rubio-
Azpeitia [36]
On the other hand, the
interaction between urate
crystals and immune cells can
enhance immunosuppression
and promote angiogenesis
Agree
S. Vadakedath and V.
Kandi[38–40]
Regulatory PDZK1 expression
can afect the proliferation,
migration, and apoptosis of
HCC; uric acid may cause tumor
immune response. It suggests
that PDZK1 may be related to
tumor immunity
Agree

10. • With the use of molecular
biology new interactions
between different diseases
are being found, resulting in
new treatments never
thought to be found before
Conclusions
• The understanding of the
different impacts that proteins
have in the organism allow the
emergence of new approachs to
various diseases