This document discusses several techniques for teaching vocabulary to students: - Pointing involves using visual aids like pictures or PowerPoints to associate words with their meanings. It works well for nouns like foods, animals, and objects. - Substitution involves replacing words with synonyms or antonyms. Using synonyms prevents repetition, while antonyms help explain opposing ideas. - Naming establishes a scene and replaces it with a new word, effectively giving a name to the scene. - Miming and total physical response (TPR) are effective for kinesthetic learners, using body movements to associate words with actions. - Using realia or real objects engages students and motivates learning as they interact with

2. Students are presented
with images or drawings,
associating the meaning
with the signifier, thus
integrating the active
vocabulary better and
faster.
POINTING
the teacher can use
business cards or power
point presentations to show
the element they want to
teach
Pointing works best with
nouns that include food,
clothing, animals,
professions, sports, class
objects, office supplies,
etc.
Also colors, actions and
any adjective that can be
clearly illustrated, such as
facial expressions, for
example, to teach
feelings.

3. SUBSTITUTION
There are two ways to
replace words.
Synonyms: We
substitute a word that
students are familiar with
or a new one
Antonym: We substitute a
word with which you are
familiar with its opposite.
Importance of antonyms
They help express opposing
ideas.
They make it easier to
understand a word if you
understand what its
opposite means.
Importance of synonyms
They prevent you from
repeating the same word
in a paragraph or text.
Enrich the oral and
written expression with
new words.
Communicate ideas
more clearly

4. NAMING
This technique is similar to
substitution, but in this
case, a scene or situation
is established and then
replaced with a new word
or phrase, effectively
naming the scene.
The steak I ordered last
night was not cooked
enough. It was
undercooked / rare /
bloody.

5. Miming and tpr
This technique works
very well with kinesthetic
students, that is, those
who learn best by
moving their bodies.
Most teachers believe
that imitation works best
with children, especially
when it comes to
exaggerating emotions
and facial expressions.
The TPR works well with body
parts (I am touching my nose!
Touch your nose!), Actions (I am
walking towards the door) and
the imperative commands (Sit
down! Stand up!)

6. REALIA
It is the use of real
objects in the
classroom, involves
students and
motivates them to
learn.
Some of the aspects you can
use to introduce new
vocabulary include:
Maps
Tea sets, plates and utensils.
Clothes
Toy airplanes, trains, cars,
animals, furniture, etc.
Family photos
Holiday items (pumpkin,
Easter eggs, Halloween or
Christmas decorations)
Plastic fruits and vegetables