2. خودکارآمدی تعریف
Perceived self-efficacy is defined as people's beliefs about their capabilities
to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over
events that affect their lives. Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel,
think, motivate themselves and behave. Such beliefs produce these diverse
effects. (Bandura)
Self-efficacy is the belief we have in our own abilities, specifically our ability
to meet the challenges ahead of us and complete a task successfully
(Akhtar, 2008). General self-efficacy refers to our overall belief in our ability to
succeed, but there are many more specific forms of self-efficacy as well
beside Entrepreneurship(e.g. academic, parenting, sports).
به انسانها که است کلی واعتقادی باور کارآمدی خودخودشان توانمندیهای و ها تواناییمواقعی در الخصوص دارندعلی کاربرآمدن وازعهده شدن فائق برای
بینند می خود روی پیش را چالش یک که.
؟ خیر یا هستم توامندی انسان آیا که دارم خودم به نسبت من که است دیدگاهی دیگر مفهومی به
3. دیگر مفهوم چند با خودکارآمدی تفاوت
Difference of Self-efficacy with some other definitions
4. خودکارآمدی و نفس عزت
Self-esteem is conceptualized as a sort of general or overall feeling of one’s worth or value
(Neill, 2005). While self-esteem is focused more on “being” (e.g., feeling that you are perfectly
acceptable as you are), self-efficacy is more focused on “doing” (e.g., feeling that you are up
to a challenge).
High self-worth can definitely improve one’s sense of self-efficacy, just as high self-efficacy can
contribute to one’s sense of overall value or worth, but the two stand as separate constructs.
است فرد بودش از حالتی بر تمرکز بیشتر و دارد خودش منزلت و قدر و ارزش به نسبت فرد که است احساسی نفس عزت.
میدهد قرار توجه مورد را دادن انجام از ای نحوه و حالت و دارد تمرکز فرد کنش نحوه بر خودباوری که صورتی در.
نفس عزتاحساس به تواند می باال خودکارآمدی که همانگونه ، بخشد بهبود را فرد خودکارآمدی احساس تواند می ًامطمئن باالنفس عزت، کند کمک فرد
دو این امامفهومعنوان بهدوجداگانه ساختاردارند مجزا وجودی.
5. خودکارآمدی و تنظیمی خود
Since self-efficacy is related to the concept of self-control and the ability to modulate your behavior to
reach your goals, it can sometimes be confused with self-regulation . They are related, but still separate
concepts.
Self-regulation refers to an individual’s “self-generated thoughts, feelings, and actions that are
systematically designed to affect one’s learning” (Schunk & Zimmerman, 2007), while self-efficacy is a
concept more closely related to an individual’s perceived abilities.
In other words, self-regulation is more of a strategy for achieving one’s goals, especially in relation to
learning, while self-efficacy is the belief that he or she can succeed.
The two can be simultaneously developed—particularly through modeling—but they remain distinct
constructs (Schunk & Zimmerman, 2007).
ک حرکت اهدافش به رسیدن جهت در تا مینماید اعمال خود اعمال و احساسات و تفکرات بر فرد که است آگاهانه کنترل ابزار نوعی تنظیمی خودند.
نو خودکارآمدی حالیکه در شده تعیین اهداف به دستیابی برای است یادگیری و دهی معنا استراتژی یک تنظیمی خود گفت میتوان دیگر زبان بهعیو باور
شود موفق میتواند فرد اینکه بر مبنی است اعتقاد.جداگانه و مجزا کفهومی کماکان حالیکه در یابند توسعه و کنند رشد هم با همزمان میتوانند مفهوم دو این
باشند داشته.
6. خودکارآمدی و انگیزه
Although self-efficacy and motivation are deeply entwined, they are also two separate
constructs. Self-efficacy is based on an individual’s belief in their own capacity to achieve, while
motivation is based on the individual’s desire to achieve. Those with high self-efficacy often have
high motivation and vice versa.
Still, it is true that when an individual gains or maintains self-efficacy through the experience of
success—however small—they generally get a boost in motivation to continue learning and
making progress (Mayer, 2010). The relationship can also work in the other direction to create a
sort of success cycle; when an individual is highly motivated to learn and succeed, they are more
likely to achieve their goals, giving them an experience that contributes to their overall self-
efficacy.
و مستقل مفاهیمی دارای هم باز ولی دارد یکی آن بر مستقیم تاثیر کدام هر رفتن باال و اند شده تنیده هم در کامال مفهوم دو این اگرچهمتکه بنحوی فاوتند
برای خود شخصی توانایی به فرد اعتقاد بر مبتنی خودکارآمدیدستیابیوپیروزیاساس بر انگیزه که حالی در ، استمیلاشتیاق وفردبهدستیابیاست.
آنهم و تاثیرگذارد فرد خودباوری بر میتواند کوچک هرچند موفقیت وتجربه تاثیرگذارند یکدیگر بر موفقیت چرخه بنام مفهومی داخل دو اینباعباالر ثفتن
وبالعکس میگردد آتی موفقیتهای و یادگیری در شخص انگیزه.
7. خودکارآمدی و خودبازیابی
Resilience means the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.
While experiences of success certainly make up a large portion of self-efficacy development, there is
also room for failure. Those with a high level of self-efficacy are not only more likely to succeed, but
they are also more likely to bounce back and recover from failure.
This is the ability at the heart of resilience, and it is greatly impacted by self-efficacy.
مطمئنا موفقیت تجارب اگرچهدر مهمی نقشپیشرفتخودکارآمدیمیکنند بازی،امااحتمال همیشهشکستدارد وجود نیز.
کسانیکهازباال سطحتریخودکارآمدی ازبرخوردارندبلکه دارند بیشتری موفقیت احتمال تنها نهحتی اگرشکستب میتوانند سریعتر بخورند همه
بازی زمینبازگردندودهند سروسامان مجدد شروعی برای را خود.
است خودکارآمدی تاثیر تحت اساسی نحوی به و است خودبازیابی اصلی محور توانمندی این.
8. خودکارآمدی و نفس به اعتماد
Confidence is a nondescript term that refers to strength of belief but does not necessarily specify
what the certainty is about… Perceived self-efficacy refers to belief in one’s agentive capabilities,
that one can produce given levels of attainment High self-worth can definitely improve one’s sense of
self-efficacy, just as high self-efficacy can contribute to one’s sense of overall value or worth, but the
two stand as separate constructs. (A. Bandura)
Just as with self-esteem and motivation, self-efficacy and confidence can work in a positive cycle:
the more confident a person is in his abilities, the more likely he is to succeed, which provides him with
experiences to develop his self-efficacy.
This high self-efficacy, in turn, gives him more confidence in himself, and round it goes.
خودباوری ، خودکارآمدی درحالیکه دارد باور خودش به شخص ای مقوله چه مورد در که نمیکند مشخص ولی است خودباوری نوعی نفس به اعتماد
نتیجه وحصول موفقیت به نیل و چالشها و شرایط و مشکالت بر آمدن فائق و شدن برچیره وی توانایی مورد در است شخص.
10. People's beliefs in their
efficacy are developed by
four main sources of
influence. They include
mastery experiences,
seeing people similar to
oneself manage task
demands successfully,
social persuasion that one
has the capabilities to
succeed in given activities,
and inferences from somatic
and emotional states
indicative of personal
strengths and
vulnerabilities.
11. Sources of Self-Efficacy
mastery experiences. Successes build a robust belief in one's personal efficacy. Failures undermine it,
especially if failures occur before a sense of efficacy is firmly established.
is through the vicarious experiences provided by social models. Seeing people similar to oneself
succeed by sustained effort raises observers' beliefs that they too possess the capabilities master
comparable activities to succeed.
Social persuasion is a third way of strengthening people's beliefs that they have what it takes to
succeed. People who are persuaded verbally that they possess the capabilities to master given
activities are likely to mobilize greater effort and sustain it than if they harbor self-doubt sand well on
personal deficiencies when problems arise.
The fourth way of modifying self-beliefs of efficacy is to reduce people's stress reactions and alter their
negative emotional proclivities and misinterpretations of their physical states
-است خودکارآمدی حس بردن باال و ایجاد جهت در مهم عاملی کرده کسب قبال شخص که موفقیتهایی و ها دستیابی و قبلی موفق تجربیات.
-میتوانم هم من پس توانستند آنها اگر اینکه باور و فرد خود با همسان تقریبا افراد موفقیت درک و برداری الگو.
-میتوا ما شعار مثل دارد را شدن موفق نیازهای پیش میکند باور پیامها این بادریافت شخص که نحوی به اجتماعی متقاعدسازی و شفاهی ترغیبنیم.
-نادرست تفسیرهای و منفی عاطفی تمایالت تغییر و افراد در استرس واکنشهای کاهش به منجر میتوانند جسمی و روحی و هیجانی برانگیزندگانباشند
داشتنسالمتی سطح یکباالروبرو افسردگی یا اضطراب با که هنگامی،هستیداست دشوار-وقتی ًامطمئن اما ، نیست غیرممکن البتهکهو سالم
پرانرژیکارآیی خود ، هستیددارید باالتری.
12. Development and Exercise of Self-Efficacy over the Lifespan
A. Origins of a Sense of Personal Agency
B. Familial Sources of Self-Efficacy
C. Broadening of Self-Efficacy through Peer
Influences
D. School as an Agency for Cultivating Cognitive
Self-Efficacy
E. Growth of Self-Efficacy through Transitional
Experiences of Adolescence
F. Self-Efficacy Concerns of Adulthood
G. Reappraisals of Self-Efficacy with Advancing Age
-میشود آغاز نوزادی دوران از حتی که فرد خود توسط گسترش و ایجاد
-خانواحس برای منبعی بعنوان دهخودکارآمدی
-همساالن تأثیرات طریق از خودکارآمدی گسترش
-مدرسهعنوان بهعاملشناختي خودكارآمدي پرورش
-رشدنوجواني انتقادي تجارب طریق از خودكارآمدي
-نکاتمسائل وبزرگسالی در خودکارآمدی به مربوط
-ارزیابیمجددبر تاثیرآن وبا خودکارآمدیسن افزایش
