Handbook on security sector governance.2Kayode Fayemi
This document summarizes key issues, indicators, and benchmarks for democratic governance in the security sector. It outlines 8 main goals: 1) rule of law and constitutionalism, 2) political representation, 3) personal security and access to justice, 4) national security and conflict prevention, 5) open and accountable institutions, 6) a broader understanding of security, 7) facilitative mechanisms for policy formulation and management, and 8) an enhanced international regime for democratic governance in security. For each goal, it lists objectives, targets, and potential indicators to measure progress toward democratic ideals in security sector governance.
This document discusses key principles of law, including definitions of law, the elements that make up a just law system, and sources of law.
It begins by defining law as rules established by authority to regulate behavior. It then analyzes the key elements that make up the definition, including that laws prescribe what must, may, and may not be done, and are recognized and enforced by the state.
The document also discusses the principles of a just law system, including equality, uniformity, certainty, generality, authority, and reasonableness. It explains the differences between real and personal rights, and natural and juristic persons.
Finally, it outlines the main sources of law as legislation, case law
Accountability and Anti corruption measures in Bangladesh Shamsul Arefin
This document discusses accountability, anti-corruption measures, and their impact on public administration. It provides:
1) A historical background of anti-corruption commissions in Bangladesh, from their origins under British rule to the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Commission in 2004.
2) An overview of the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bangladesh, including its structure, functions, and powers to investigate corruption cases and require officials to declare their assets.
3) A discussion of transparency and accountability measures that can be used to prevent corruption, such as open integrity policies, transparency in decision-making, and strong oversight and enforcement.
This document discusses combating corruption in Bangladesh and the role of civil servants. It begins with an overview of the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bangladesh, including its historical development, mission, organizational structure, and powers. It then discusses definitions of corruption, types of corruption, consequences of corruption, and roles civil servants can play in reducing corruption through transparency, accountability, and upholding the rule of law. Specific corruption issues in Bangladesh like nepotism and bribery in various sectors are also examined.
The document provides a comparative chart contrasting the key aspects of the Government's proposed Lokpal Bill versus the Jan Lokpal Bill. Some of the major differences highlighted include:
- The Government's bill would leave the Prime Minister, judiciary, and MPs outside the Lokpal's jurisdiction, while the Jan Lokpal Bill wants them to be investigated.
- The Government's bill would only cover 65,000 Group A officers, while the Jan Lokpal Bill wants all public servants to be under the Lokpal.
- The Government's bill would give the Lokpal authority over all NGOs but less than 0.5% of government employees. The Jan Lokpal Bill argues this imbalance favors protecting corrupt officials
This document compares and contrasts different forms of government including direct democracy, republican democracy, parliamentary democracy, proportional representation, monarchy, oligarchy, one-party state, military dictatorship, and authoritarianism. It provides definitions and examples for each type as well as noting accepted and rejected liberal principles for each. Overall it aims to categorize different governmental systems based on factors such as level of citizen participation, separation of powers, and adherence to principles of individual rights and rule of law.
Sumary eg 1 intro- sources of egyptian lawFatma Ahmadein
This document provides an introduction and outline for a lecture on Egyptian law given by Dr. Yassin El Shazly. The session outline covers 6 topics: 1) the definition of law, 2) features of legal rules, 3) subdivision of law, 4) how law is enacted, 5) how law is applied, and 6) the structure of the judicial system. Dr. El Shazly has a PhD in law from Lyon Law School and experience as a legal advisor and consultant in Egypt.
This presentation explores whether SORNA laws are making us safer, 2) examines the negative effects on sex offenders, family and friends, and 3) takes a cursory look at the constitutionality of the laws.
Handbook on security sector governance.2Kayode Fayemi
This document summarizes key issues, indicators, and benchmarks for democratic governance in the security sector. It outlines 8 main goals: 1) rule of law and constitutionalism, 2) political representation, 3) personal security and access to justice, 4) national security and conflict prevention, 5) open and accountable institutions, 6) a broader understanding of security, 7) facilitative mechanisms for policy formulation and management, and 8) an enhanced international regime for democratic governance in security. For each goal, it lists objectives, targets, and potential indicators to measure progress toward democratic ideals in security sector governance.
This document discusses key principles of law, including definitions of law, the elements that make up a just law system, and sources of law.
It begins by defining law as rules established by authority to regulate behavior. It then analyzes the key elements that make up the definition, including that laws prescribe what must, may, and may not be done, and are recognized and enforced by the state.
The document also discusses the principles of a just law system, including equality, uniformity, certainty, generality, authority, and reasonableness. It explains the differences between real and personal rights, and natural and juristic persons.
Finally, it outlines the main sources of law as legislation, case law
Accountability and Anti corruption measures in Bangladesh Shamsul Arefin
This document discusses accountability, anti-corruption measures, and their impact on public administration. It provides:
1) A historical background of anti-corruption commissions in Bangladesh, from their origins under British rule to the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Commission in 2004.
2) An overview of the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bangladesh, including its structure, functions, and powers to investigate corruption cases and require officials to declare their assets.
3) A discussion of transparency and accountability measures that can be used to prevent corruption, such as open integrity policies, transparency in decision-making, and strong oversight and enforcement.
This document discusses combating corruption in Bangladesh and the role of civil servants. It begins with an overview of the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bangladesh, including its historical development, mission, organizational structure, and powers. It then discusses definitions of corruption, types of corruption, consequences of corruption, and roles civil servants can play in reducing corruption through transparency, accountability, and upholding the rule of law. Specific corruption issues in Bangladesh like nepotism and bribery in various sectors are also examined.
The document provides a comparative chart contrasting the key aspects of the Government's proposed Lokpal Bill versus the Jan Lokpal Bill. Some of the major differences highlighted include:
- The Government's bill would leave the Prime Minister, judiciary, and MPs outside the Lokpal's jurisdiction, while the Jan Lokpal Bill wants them to be investigated.
- The Government's bill would only cover 65,000 Group A officers, while the Jan Lokpal Bill wants all public servants to be under the Lokpal.
- The Government's bill would give the Lokpal authority over all NGOs but less than 0.5% of government employees. The Jan Lokpal Bill argues this imbalance favors protecting corrupt officials
This document compares and contrasts different forms of government including direct democracy, republican democracy, parliamentary democracy, proportional representation, monarchy, oligarchy, one-party state, military dictatorship, and authoritarianism. It provides definitions and examples for each type as well as noting accepted and rejected liberal principles for each. Overall it aims to categorize different governmental systems based on factors such as level of citizen participation, separation of powers, and adherence to principles of individual rights and rule of law.
Sumary eg 1 intro- sources of egyptian lawFatma Ahmadein
This document provides an introduction and outline for a lecture on Egyptian law given by Dr. Yassin El Shazly. The session outline covers 6 topics: 1) the definition of law, 2) features of legal rules, 3) subdivision of law, 4) how law is enacted, 5) how law is applied, and 6) the structure of the judicial system. Dr. El Shazly has a PhD in law from Lyon Law School and experience as a legal advisor and consultant in Egypt.
This presentation explores whether SORNA laws are making us safer, 2) examines the negative effects on sex offenders, family and friends, and 3) takes a cursory look at the constitutionality of the laws.
The document discusses the jurisdiction of states and various principles of jurisdiction under international law. It addresses the two types of jurisdiction - prescriptive and enforcement jurisdiction. Prescriptive jurisdiction refers to a state's ability to make its own laws, while enforcement jurisdiction refers to a state's ability to enforce those laws. There are several principles that determine a state's jurisdiction, including territoriality, nationality, universality, and protective principles. The document also discusses challenges around jurisdiction in cyberspace given its borderless nature. It analyzes sections of the Indian Penal Code and Information Technology Act regarding extraterritorial jurisdiction over cybercrimes. Finally, it examines factors like party agreements, the Civil Procedure Code, and foreign judgments that influence
This document discusses accountability, anti-corruption measures, and their impact on public administration. It provides:
1) A historical background of anti-corruption commissions in Bangladesh, from their origins under British rule to the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Commission in 2004.
2) An overview of the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bangladesh, including its structure, functions, and powers to investigate corruption cases and require officials to declare their assets.
3) A discussion of transparency and accountability measures that can be used to prevent corruption, such as open integrity policies, transparency in decision-making, and strong oversight and enforcement.
The document discusses various aspects of elections and democracy. It defines elections as the selection of public officials by citizens, and notes that sovereignty resides with the people. It outlines qualifications for electors, including citizenship, age, residence and not being disqualified by law. The document also distinguishes between direct elections, where citizens vote directly for candidates, and indirect elections, where citizens first select representatives who then choose officials. It discusses political parties, campaign periods, and methods for nominating candidates such as primaries, conventions and petitions.
The document outlines the process for establishing an independent Lokpal authority in India to investigate and prosecute corruption cases. It proposes a selection committee to appoint 11 members including the chairperson from a shortlist prepared by a search committee comprising retired judges and others from civil society. The Lokpal would have powers to investigate public officials, review citizen charters, and oversee anti-corruption efforts following principles of transparency and accountability from the UN Convention Against Corruption.
Internet freedom and fo e discussion with various stakholdersShreedeep Rayamajhi
Freedom of expression is defined as the right to express ideas and opinions without deliberately harming others. The document discusses internet core values like open standards and universal access. It outlines Article 17 of Nepal's constitution guaranteeing various freedoms with reasonable restrictions. The Electronic Transaction Act of Nepal contains a controversial provision that curbs online freedom of expression by criminalizing content that undermines social harmony or public morality. The document analyzes cases where people were arrested in Nepal for online comments and notes a landmark decision in India that struck down a similar law as unconstitutional. Government approaches to internet governance that restrict freedom are discussed.
NORMES INTERNATIONALES SUR LA TRANSPARENCE ET LA RESPONSABILISATIONJamaity
Produit en collaboration avec le Centre pour le droit et la démocratie, ce document d'information se fonde sur deux sources de droit mous et durs pour illustrer les fondements du droit international en matière de transparence et de responsabilité.
This document discusses four major events that helped shape the US criminal justice system: 1) The Civil Rights Movement, 2) The Vietnam War, 3) Rising crime rates in the 1960s and 1970s, and 4) The 9/11 terrorist attacks. It provides historical context around these events, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and protests against the Vietnam War, and how the government responded through initiatives like President Johnson's War on Crime and the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. The document also covers legal principles that govern criminal laws and procedures, such as due process, rules of evidence, and limits on criminal laws.
Egypt presidential elections 2012 power structure-5Sam Hassan
This document outlines two potential power structure scenarios in Egypt following the presidential election. The first scenario has the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) maintaining control if former Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq wins. The second scenario shows the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) gaining power if Mohamed Morsi wins. Key upcoming events include the presidential election, a transition of power, a Supreme Constitutional Court ruling on the legitimacy of parliament, and reselecting the constitutional panel.
Overview of the Philippine Legal SystemMichelle Dy
The document provides an overview of key information for foreign investors regarding investments and real estate in the Philippines. It discusses the country's legal system, business structures, incentives for foreign investment, and restrictions on foreign land ownership. While foreign nationals cannot own private land, they can indirectly acquire land interests through corporations or take long-term leases up to 75 years if used for qualifying purposes. Real estate can also be owned through condominium units or buildings with accompanying land leases.
Handbook on security sector governance.2Kayode Fayemi
This document summarizes key issues, indicators, and benchmarks for democratic governance in the security sector. It outlines 8 main goals: 1) rule of law and constitutionalism, 2) political representation, 3) personal security and access to justice, 4) national security and conflict prevention, 5) open and accountable institutions, 6) a broader understanding of security, 7) facilitative mechanisms for policy formulation and management, and 8) an enhanced international regime for democratic governance in security. For each goal, it lists objectives, targets, and potential indicators to measure progress toward democratic ideals in security sector governance.
This document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of an impartial judiciary in traditional and western Nigerian societies. It discusses key concepts like judicial independence and impartiality. The pros of an impartial judiciary include the concept of separation of powers, while the cons include issues like case backlogs, corruption, difficulties for common people to access courts, and a lack of effective cooperation with society. In conclusion, the document states that building a more just justice system is important, and that all stakeholders must work consistently to achieve full judicial independence.
International standards for the independence of the judiciaryJamaity
The independence of the judiciary gives concrete expression
to two essential elements of democracy, namely the rule of
law and the separation of powers. In a constitutional
democracy, the political process and any state function must
take place within the confines of the law. Judges are tasked to
uphold the rule of law. To ensure that they do so without
improper influence, they must be independent from the
executive and legislative branch of power. Their role for
democracy is particularly important in safeguarding human
rights.
News & Contemporary Issues - Criminalization of politics 1Arzoo Sahni
The document discusses inconsistencies in India's election system, including criminalization of politics. It outlines issues like dominance of money and muscle power in elections, candidates with criminal backgrounds getting elected, election expenditures exceeding legal limits, and abuse of caste and religion. Several committees have recommended reforms, but problems persist due to factors like flaws in the first-past-the-post system and lack of enforcement of electoral laws. Strengthening the Election Commission is seen as key to improving the system.
News & Contemporary Issues - Criminalization of politics 1Arzoo Sahni
The document discusses inconsistencies in India's election system, including criminalization of politics. It outlines issues like dominance of money and muscle power in elections, candidates with criminal backgrounds getting elected, election expenditures exceeding legal limits, and abuse of caste and religion. Several committees have recommended reforms, but problems persist due to factors like flaws in the first-past-the-post system and lack of enforcement of electoral laws. Strengthening the Election Commission is seen as key to improving the system.
Constitutional governance and institutions of horizontal accountabilityKayode Fayemi
This document discusses constitutional governance and institutions of horizontal accountability, using Nigeria's Independent Corrupt Practices Commission as a case study. It makes three key points:
1) Many African countries have established independent oversight commissions in their constitutions to promote accountability, but these commissions often lack true independence.
2) In Nigeria, while institutions like the Code of Conduct Bureau were established in 1979 to curb corruption, they fail to meet standards of independence and are subject to influence from the executive branch.
3) For oversight commissions to be effective, constitutions need to guarantee their autonomy, secure funding sources, and prosecutorial authority independent of the executive to hold public officials accountable without fear or favor.
This document provides an overview of Kenya's legal framework for implementing Chapter Six of the 2010 Constitution on leadership and integrity. It discusses key laws like the Constitution, Leadership and Integrity Act, and Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes Act. The Constitution established standards for public officers to demonstrate integrity, impartiality and accountability. Subsequent laws like the Leadership and Integrity Act were meant to operationalize Chapter Six but had some shortcomings. Overall the framework aims to curb corruption and promote ethical leadership after a history of weak accountability under the previous Constitution.
Judicial Review with a reference of Judicial Activism. Sanjana Bharadwaj
This PPT will give you a breif idea on what is Judicial Review, how did it origionate in India with a reference of Judicial Activism and PIL along with examples and case laws.
This document provides information about different forms of government. It defines democracy as a system where governing power is derived from the people, and there are three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. Autocracy is defined as a system where one person or group has unlimited power. It also describes aspects of a one-party system, including how the party controls different aspects of life and rewards members with access to education and jobs.
This document discusses suffrage and the electoral process. It defines suffrage as the right to vote and outlines three international instruments that establish universal suffrage. There are five theories of suffrage discussed, including suffrage as a natural right and as a function of government. The electoral process involves nomination of candidates through party conventions, primaries, or petitions, as well as voter registration. On election day, citizens vote and their political maneuvering culminates. Other forms of direct democracy mentioned are initiatives and referendums.
The National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) was established in 1993 to protect human rights and implement international human rights standards. It was created based on the Paris Principles developed by the UN. NHRC is an independent statutory body that investigates human rights violations and makes recommendations to remedy such violations. It handles complaints related to issues like custodial torture, discrimination, and violations of rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity as defined in the Indian Constitution and international covenants. NHRC has investigated major cases of human rights abuse in India and works to promote awareness of human rights.
The document discusses the jurisdiction of states and various principles of jurisdiction under international law. It addresses the two types of jurisdiction - prescriptive and enforcement jurisdiction. Prescriptive jurisdiction refers to a state's ability to make its own laws, while enforcement jurisdiction refers to a state's ability to enforce those laws. There are several principles that determine a state's jurisdiction, including territoriality, nationality, universality, and protective principles. The document also discusses challenges around jurisdiction in cyberspace given its borderless nature. It analyzes sections of the Indian Penal Code and Information Technology Act regarding extraterritorial jurisdiction over cybercrimes. Finally, it examines factors like party agreements, the Civil Procedure Code, and foreign judgments that influence
This document discusses accountability, anti-corruption measures, and their impact on public administration. It provides:
1) A historical background of anti-corruption commissions in Bangladesh, from their origins under British rule to the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Commission in 2004.
2) An overview of the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bangladesh, including its structure, functions, and powers to investigate corruption cases and require officials to declare their assets.
3) A discussion of transparency and accountability measures that can be used to prevent corruption, such as open integrity policies, transparency in decision-making, and strong oversight and enforcement.
The document discusses various aspects of elections and democracy. It defines elections as the selection of public officials by citizens, and notes that sovereignty resides with the people. It outlines qualifications for electors, including citizenship, age, residence and not being disqualified by law. The document also distinguishes between direct elections, where citizens vote directly for candidates, and indirect elections, where citizens first select representatives who then choose officials. It discusses political parties, campaign periods, and methods for nominating candidates such as primaries, conventions and petitions.
The document outlines the process for establishing an independent Lokpal authority in India to investigate and prosecute corruption cases. It proposes a selection committee to appoint 11 members including the chairperson from a shortlist prepared by a search committee comprising retired judges and others from civil society. The Lokpal would have powers to investigate public officials, review citizen charters, and oversee anti-corruption efforts following principles of transparency and accountability from the UN Convention Against Corruption.
Internet freedom and fo e discussion with various stakholdersShreedeep Rayamajhi
Freedom of expression is defined as the right to express ideas and opinions without deliberately harming others. The document discusses internet core values like open standards and universal access. It outlines Article 17 of Nepal's constitution guaranteeing various freedoms with reasonable restrictions. The Electronic Transaction Act of Nepal contains a controversial provision that curbs online freedom of expression by criminalizing content that undermines social harmony or public morality. The document analyzes cases where people were arrested in Nepal for online comments and notes a landmark decision in India that struck down a similar law as unconstitutional. Government approaches to internet governance that restrict freedom are discussed.
NORMES INTERNATIONALES SUR LA TRANSPARENCE ET LA RESPONSABILISATIONJamaity
Produit en collaboration avec le Centre pour le droit et la démocratie, ce document d'information se fonde sur deux sources de droit mous et durs pour illustrer les fondements du droit international en matière de transparence et de responsabilité.
This document discusses four major events that helped shape the US criminal justice system: 1) The Civil Rights Movement, 2) The Vietnam War, 3) Rising crime rates in the 1960s and 1970s, and 4) The 9/11 terrorist attacks. It provides historical context around these events, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and protests against the Vietnam War, and how the government responded through initiatives like President Johnson's War on Crime and the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. The document also covers legal principles that govern criminal laws and procedures, such as due process, rules of evidence, and limits on criminal laws.
Egypt presidential elections 2012 power structure-5Sam Hassan
This document outlines two potential power structure scenarios in Egypt following the presidential election. The first scenario has the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) maintaining control if former Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq wins. The second scenario shows the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) gaining power if Mohamed Morsi wins. Key upcoming events include the presidential election, a transition of power, a Supreme Constitutional Court ruling on the legitimacy of parliament, and reselecting the constitutional panel.
Overview of the Philippine Legal SystemMichelle Dy
The document provides an overview of key information for foreign investors regarding investments and real estate in the Philippines. It discusses the country's legal system, business structures, incentives for foreign investment, and restrictions on foreign land ownership. While foreign nationals cannot own private land, they can indirectly acquire land interests through corporations or take long-term leases up to 75 years if used for qualifying purposes. Real estate can also be owned through condominium units or buildings with accompanying land leases.
Handbook on security sector governance.2Kayode Fayemi
This document summarizes key issues, indicators, and benchmarks for democratic governance in the security sector. It outlines 8 main goals: 1) rule of law and constitutionalism, 2) political representation, 3) personal security and access to justice, 4) national security and conflict prevention, 5) open and accountable institutions, 6) a broader understanding of security, 7) facilitative mechanisms for policy formulation and management, and 8) an enhanced international regime for democratic governance in security. For each goal, it lists objectives, targets, and potential indicators to measure progress toward democratic ideals in security sector governance.
This document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of an impartial judiciary in traditional and western Nigerian societies. It discusses key concepts like judicial independence and impartiality. The pros of an impartial judiciary include the concept of separation of powers, while the cons include issues like case backlogs, corruption, difficulties for common people to access courts, and a lack of effective cooperation with society. In conclusion, the document states that building a more just justice system is important, and that all stakeholders must work consistently to achieve full judicial independence.
International standards for the independence of the judiciaryJamaity
The independence of the judiciary gives concrete expression
to two essential elements of democracy, namely the rule of
law and the separation of powers. In a constitutional
democracy, the political process and any state function must
take place within the confines of the law. Judges are tasked to
uphold the rule of law. To ensure that they do so without
improper influence, they must be independent from the
executive and legislative branch of power. Their role for
democracy is particularly important in safeguarding human
rights.
News & Contemporary Issues - Criminalization of politics 1Arzoo Sahni
The document discusses inconsistencies in India's election system, including criminalization of politics. It outlines issues like dominance of money and muscle power in elections, candidates with criminal backgrounds getting elected, election expenditures exceeding legal limits, and abuse of caste and religion. Several committees have recommended reforms, but problems persist due to factors like flaws in the first-past-the-post system and lack of enforcement of electoral laws. Strengthening the Election Commission is seen as key to improving the system.
News & Contemporary Issues - Criminalization of politics 1Arzoo Sahni
The document discusses inconsistencies in India's election system, including criminalization of politics. It outlines issues like dominance of money and muscle power in elections, candidates with criminal backgrounds getting elected, election expenditures exceeding legal limits, and abuse of caste and religion. Several committees have recommended reforms, but problems persist due to factors like flaws in the first-past-the-post system and lack of enforcement of electoral laws. Strengthening the Election Commission is seen as key to improving the system.
Constitutional governance and institutions of horizontal accountabilityKayode Fayemi
This document discusses constitutional governance and institutions of horizontal accountability, using Nigeria's Independent Corrupt Practices Commission as a case study. It makes three key points:
1) Many African countries have established independent oversight commissions in their constitutions to promote accountability, but these commissions often lack true independence.
2) In Nigeria, while institutions like the Code of Conduct Bureau were established in 1979 to curb corruption, they fail to meet standards of independence and are subject to influence from the executive branch.
3) For oversight commissions to be effective, constitutions need to guarantee their autonomy, secure funding sources, and prosecutorial authority independent of the executive to hold public officials accountable without fear or favor.
This document provides an overview of Kenya's legal framework for implementing Chapter Six of the 2010 Constitution on leadership and integrity. It discusses key laws like the Constitution, Leadership and Integrity Act, and Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes Act. The Constitution established standards for public officers to demonstrate integrity, impartiality and accountability. Subsequent laws like the Leadership and Integrity Act were meant to operationalize Chapter Six but had some shortcomings. Overall the framework aims to curb corruption and promote ethical leadership after a history of weak accountability under the previous Constitution.
Judicial Review with a reference of Judicial Activism. Sanjana Bharadwaj
This PPT will give you a breif idea on what is Judicial Review, how did it origionate in India with a reference of Judicial Activism and PIL along with examples and case laws.
This document provides information about different forms of government. It defines democracy as a system where governing power is derived from the people, and there are three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. Autocracy is defined as a system where one person or group has unlimited power. It also describes aspects of a one-party system, including how the party controls different aspects of life and rewards members with access to education and jobs.
This document discusses suffrage and the electoral process. It defines suffrage as the right to vote and outlines three international instruments that establish universal suffrage. There are five theories of suffrage discussed, including suffrage as a natural right and as a function of government. The electoral process involves nomination of candidates through party conventions, primaries, or petitions, as well as voter registration. On election day, citizens vote and their political maneuvering culminates. Other forms of direct democracy mentioned are initiatives and referendums.
The National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) was established in 1993 to protect human rights and implement international human rights standards. It was created based on the Paris Principles developed by the UN. NHRC is an independent statutory body that investigates human rights violations and makes recommendations to remedy such violations. It handles complaints related to issues like custodial torture, discrimination, and violations of rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity as defined in the Indian Constitution and international covenants. NHRC has investigated major cases of human rights abuse in India and works to promote awareness of human rights.
The National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) was established in 1993 to protect human rights and investigate human rights violations. It was created based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Paris Principles. NHRC is an autonomous body with divisions for training, law, administration, research, and investigations. It handles complaints of human rights violations, conducts research, spreads awareness, and engages with NGOs. Some issues NHRC addresses are custodial torture, labor rights, and discrimination. While NHRC has been effective in some cases, it faces limitations from its lack of enforcement powers and bureaucratic functioning.
This document provides information about different forms of government. It defines democracy as a system where governing power is derived from the people, and outlines the three main branches of government: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It also defines autocracy as a system with unlimited power concentrated in one person or group. The document then discusses aspects of a specific autocratic political party system, including privileges afforded to party members and oversight of various aspects of citizens' lives.
Indian elections are the largest democratic exercise in the world but are plagued by money and muscle power influencing voters. Reforms are needed to curb the influence of money on elections and empower ordinary citizens. Some proposed reforms include restricting cash donations to limit black money, imposing President's rule before elections, allowing negative voting or rejection of candidates, strengthening the Election Commission's powers, educating voters, reducing campaign costs, regulating media coverage, and introducing biometric voting/Aadhaar integration with voting. Tighter screening of candidates, monitoring of campaign finances, and stronger legal punishments are also recommended to improve fairness and integrity in India's electoral system.
This document discusses the relationship between democracy and the rule of law. It argues that for democracy to thrive, adherence to the rule of law is necessary. The rule of law requires that everyone, including the government, is bound by law. It also discusses the important role that an independent judiciary plays in upholding the rule of law and protecting democracy. Specifically, judges must interpret and apply laws impartially according to principles like certainty, generality, and equality. This helps ensure the constitution and people's rights are upheld against potential overreach by the other branches of government.
The document summarizes and discusses the National Judicial Appointments Commission Act of 2014 that established the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) to appoint judges to the Supreme Court and high courts of India. The summary is as follows:
1) The NJAC replaces the previous collegium system and is meant to introduce executive involvement in judicial appointments. However, some argue it could compromise judicial independence.
2) The NJAC is composed of the Chief Justice of India, two senior Supreme Court judges, two eminent individuals, and the Law Minister. It will recommend appointments and transfers of judges.
3) Supporters argue the NJAC system is more transparent and ensures diverse representation. Critics argue it violates
The document discusses several proposed electoral reforms in India to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It identifies some key problem areas like increasing election costs leading to illegal funding and corruption. It suggests reforms such as improving electoral rolls and voter IDs to prevent rigging, strengthening laws against booth capturing, and establishing institutional mechanisms for political parties to discuss issues and educate members. Overall the document analyzes issues with the current system and proposes options for reforming the electoral process in India.
RULE OF LAW IN MYANMAR AND CURRENT SITUATION 2018MYO AUNG Myanmar
RULE OF LAW IN MYANMAR AND CURRENT SITUATION
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/union-attorney-general-revokes-courts-decision-drop-investigation-comedians-killing.html
Union Attorney General Revokes Court’s Decision to Drop Investigation into Comedian’s Killing
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/court-bans-media-taking-photos-military-officers-wife.html
Court Bans Media from Taking Photos of Military Officer’s Wife
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/high-profile-arms-case-handed-naypyitaw-court.html
High-Profile Arms Case Handed over To Naypyitaw Court
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-court-hear-arguments-charging-jailed-reuters-reporters.html
Myanmar Court to Hear Arguments on Charging Jailed Reuters Reporters
Productivity for Sustainable Entrepreneurship and EmploymentKayode Fayemi
Being the Keynote Address by
H.E. Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON
Minister of Mines and Steel Development
Federal Republic of Nigeria
at the Annual Lecture of the
16th National Productivity Day organized by
THE NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY CENTRE
STATE OF THE SOLID MINERALS SECTOR AND WAY FORWARDKayode Fayemi
STATE OF THE SOLID MINERALS SECTOR AND WAY FORWARD
Presented by
Dr. ‘Kayode Fayemi, CON
Minister of Solid Minerals Development
at the Inaugural Media Briefing of the Ministry
on Monday, December 21, 2015
Promoting Stewardship in Public ServiceKayode Fayemi
By
J. ’Kayode FAYEMI, PhD., CON
Former Governor of Ekiti State, Nigeria
at the
Excellence in Leadership Conference 2015
Daystar Christian Centre, Oregun, Lagos
Wednesday, November 4, 2015
LEADERSHIP FACTORS AND GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: KEY TO NATIONAL GROWTH AND ...Kayode Fayemi
Paper by His Excellency
J. ’Kayode FAYEMI
Former Governor of Ekiti State, Nigeria
at the 2015 Edition of the
Akintola Williams Distinguished Lecture Series
Muson Centre, Onikan, Lagos, Nigeria
Thursday, October 22, 2015
Intellectuals In Politics And Governance In Africa: The Lessons And Legacies ...Kayode Fayemi
the text of the paper by His Excellency
Dr. John Kayode Fayemi
Former Governor of Ekiti State, Nigeria
At the 3rd Annual John Atta Mills Memorial Lecture
Accra, Ghana
Tuesday, July 21, 2015
19 Ekiti State House of Assembly Members Letter Kayode Fayemi
19 APC members of the Ekiti State House of Assembly writes the Minister of Finance, Body of Attorney generals and Minister of Works denouncing the appointment of Commissioner for works, Commissioner for finance and Commissioner for justice in the state.
As the last child in the Fayemi household, my arrival was heralded with song and dance. Although my birth elicited genuine excitement on the part of my siblings, it was for my mother a cautious welcome. My mother’s caution was understandable having lost a boy and two girls in quick succession before my arrival.
The document is a speech given by Dr. Kayode Fayemi, the Governor of Ekiti State in Nigeria, at The Future Awards Symposium for Young and Emerging Leaders in 2012. In the speech, he discusses three main points:
1) The importance of grooming a successor generation of leaders through formal education, training, and mentorship in order to ensure sustained development through a planned political succession process.
2) The need for leadership to be values-driven by motivating citizens to solve community problems rather than reinforcing state control, and rebuilding public and private institutions.
3) The challenge for political leaders to reconnect democratic choices with people's daily lives
Tackling Poverty from the Roots – the Role of MediaKayode Fayemi
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1. Summary of Issues, Indicators and Benchmarks for Democratic Governance in the Security Sector
.
Item Goals Indicative Targets Indicators or Source or Reference
Benchmarks
1 Rule of Law & Constitutionalism • Presence of a democratically Imposed or ‘People ‘owned’ The Constitution
agreed Constitution. constitution
Additional Legislations:
• Bill of Rights guaranteeing Right to justiciable freedom Armed Forces Act, Police Act,
equality of citizens before the of expression, information, Criminal Justice Systems
law and the liberty of the political association and
individuals; individual and fundamental freedoms, Judicial precedence
collective freedoms and economic, social and
equality of opportunity for all political rights Incorporation of international
instruments into domestic
• Independent Institutions of Ombudsperson, Human law i.e. African Charter of
State Rights Comm., Gender Human and Peoples’ Rights,
Equality Commission; Anti- UDHR, Convention on
Corruption Comm. economic, social and cultural
• Improvement of law rights.
enforcement mechanisms and National judicial reform,
criminal justice system Police reform, Prison Decisions of the National
improvement Human Rights Commission
• Independence of the Judicial
branch Ensure transparency in National Law Reform
process of selection of Commission’s work
judicial officers; improve
• Presence of Court of superior incentives and
jurisdiction to arbitrate in remuneration.
constitutional matters
Independent Constitutional
or Supreme Court
2 Political Representation Mode of appointment to Is appointment determined Nature of Electoral
legislative and governmental by elections and do the Commission
positions; elections give room for
The composition of the alternation of political power
political system Does it consist of a
The competitiveness of the multiparty democracy
political system comprising of two or more
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2. parties.
Nature of appointment to the Extent of effective
executive branch. competitiveness in the
Independent candidature political process;
The composition of the Role of Legitimacy,
national parliament along competence, national
party lines character
The composition of local and
regional councils
The autonomy and
independence of the electoral
system
Independence & Impartiality
of the electoral authority.
3 Personal security and access to justice • Strengthening Police • Community Policing - National Policy on Safety &
Accountability and Principles Security
Responsiveness; • Demilitarising public - DFID Safety and Security-
• Developing Community order and defining sector reform papers
Awareness security in broader terms - African Charter provisions
• Improve access to and • Legal Aid and scope of
reduce cost of ‘justice’ legal clinics for pro-bono
• Improving Police-Community cases
Relations • Establishment of
• Improving the prosecution Independent Police
service and decentralise Services Commission with
workload adequate powers
• Investigate non-traditional • Examine scope for
forms of justice reform. mediation and arbitration
in the community
4 National security and conflict prevention • Clearly defined and well Defence and Security-sector Defence Act or National
articulated vision and mission Review & White Papers Security Strategy
of security sector
organisations21
• Accountability of - Accountability both to Committees on Defence,
21
This section is derived from the DFID work on the principles of good governance in the security sector.
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3. organizations, particularly in elected civil authorities and Security, Police Affairs
the security forces to civil society
• Security-sector organizations
operate in accordance with Constitutionally defined role Incorporation of
the international law and of the security structures internationally accepted
domestic constitutional law; standards in domestic
• Information about security- security laws
sector planning and
budgeting are widely Availability of alternative Coverage of security-sector
available, both within sources of verifiable issues in the media and
government and to the public, knowledge information on degree of openness of
and a comprehensive and the security sector military facilities to civilians
disciplined approach to the
management of defence
resources is adopted;
• Civil-military relations are
Extent of dialogue and Availability of human rights
based on a well-articulated
interaction between the education in the military
hierarchy of authority
security sector and civil training curricula
between civil authorities and
society
the defence forces, and on a
relationship with civil society
that is based on the respect
for human rights;
• Civil authorities have the
Clearly defined constitutional Capacity of Parliamentary
capacity to exercise political
powers for the Parliament committees to provide
control over the operations
and Executive Branch – independent verification and
and expenditure of the
powers of the purse, powers understanding of security
security forces and civil
of deployment and powers issues.
society has the capacity to
of scrutiny
monitor the security forces
and provide constructive
input to the political debate;
• An environment exists in
which civil society can be
consulted on a regular basis
on security policies, resource
allocation, and other relevant
issues;
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4. • Security-force personnel are Extent of the professional
adequately trained to autonomy granted to
discharge their duties in a security forces
professional manner
consistent with the
requirements of democratic
societies;
• Fostering an environment Regional Norms and values ECOWAS Mechanism for
supportive of regional and Conflict Prevention,
sub-regional peace and Peacekeeping, Security;
security has a high priority for NEPAD’s APRM, AU’s Peace
policy-makers and Security Council
5 Open and Accountable Institutions • The nature and composition Independence of Civil Institutions of Accountability;
of the civil service Service
• Transparency and Nature of the Legislative
accountability in government Accountability of Civil Accountability Mechanism,
• Decentralisation of decision Service to elected
making structures and the authorities Independence and
nature of inter-governmental effectiveness of the
relations Quality Control mechanisms accountability structures –
• Media awareness
for civil service at all levels Constitutional Court, Auditor-
• Presence and Effectiveness
General’s Office, Anti-
of independent monitoring
Corruption Commissions and
agencies
Civil Service Commission’s Inspector-General of Armed
effectiveness Forces & Intelligence
Services
6 Broader Understanding of Security • Meeting the 2015 Extent of fulfillment of UNDP Human Development
through Effective and equitable International Development human security and human Report; Country strategy
provision and Millennium Targets development goals in health, papers on poverty reduction
• Country’s social and economic food, environmental security programmes.
rights regime and poverty reduction
7 Facilitative mechanisms for policy • Management of national Extent of inputs into the Office of Budget Monitoring
formulation and management budgetary process budgetary process by all National Planning
• Effective Policies for linking stakeholders, including civil Machineries
security-sector governance society Accountant-General’s Office
and pro-poor poverty Extent of Involvement of a
reduction policies. wide array of stakeholders Extent of consultation in the
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5. • The nature and development in policy formulation & making of PRS papers
of policy process management.
• Role of civil society Input from independent
• Private/public partnership Effectiveness of Policy research centres and
arrangements. making mechanisms security-sector experts
8 Enhanced International Regime for • Regulatory Frameworks for Level of mutual OECD-DAC principles;
Democratic Governance in the Security behaviour of IFIs and Bilateral accountability
Sector institutions consistently DFID principles
applied Extent of context
• Availability of regional determined inputs. AU Principles, SADC &
frameworks to which member ECOWAS Protocol
states’ subscribe Level of corporate
• Regulatory Frameworks for responsibility among trans- UN Global Compact
non-state actors – TNCs etc
national entities
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7. This handbook begins from the premise that democratic governance is central to the ability of people and states to be secure
from the fear of violence at the local, national, regional and international levels. There are many ways of implementing
democratic principles. However, all democratic systems share a number of common features.
Box . Functions of the South African Auditor-General
“188. (1) The Auditor-General must audit and report on the accounts, financial statements and financial
management of
a. all national and provincial state departments and administrations;
b. all municipalities; and
c. any other institution or accounting entity required by national or provincial legislation to be
audited by the Auditor-General.
(2) In addition to the duties prescribed in subsection (1), and subject to any legislation, the Auditor-
General may audit and report on the accounts, financial statements and financial management of
a. any institution funded from the National Revenue Fund or a Provincial Revenue Fund or by a
municipality; or
b. any institution that is authorised in terms of any law to receive money for a public purpose.
(3) The Auditor-General must submit audit reports to any legislature that has a direct interest in the
audit, and to any other authority prescribed by national legislation. All reports must be made public.
(4) The Auditor-General has the additional powers and functions prescribed by national legislation.
Tenure
189. The Auditor-General must be appointed for a fixed, non-renewable term of between five and ten
years.”
Source: Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, As adopted on 8 May 1996 and amended
on 11 October 1996 by the Constitutional Assembly, Act 108 of 1996,
http://www.gov.za/constitution/1996/96cons9.htm#188.
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8. Box 5. Constitutional Underpinnings of the Uganda Peoples’ Defence and Police Forces
“208(2) The Uganda Peoples’ Defence Forces shall be non-partisan, national in character, patriotic,
professional, disciplined, productive and subordinate to the civilian authority established under this
Constitution….
“209. The functions of the Uganda Peoples’ Defence Forces are:
(a) to preserve and defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda;
(b) to co-operate with the civilian authority in emergency situations and in cases of natural
disaster;
(c) to foster harmony between the Defence Forces and civilians; and
(d) to engage in productive activities for the development of Uganda…..
“211(3) The Uganda Police Force shall be nationalistic, patriotic, professional, disciplined,
competent and productive; and its members shall be citizens of Uganda of good character.
“212. The functions of the Uganda Police Force shall include the following:
(a) to protect life and property;
(b) to preserve law and order;
(c) to prevent and detect crime; and
(d) to co-operate with the civil authority and other security organs established under this Constitution
and with the population general.”
Source: The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, Chapter 12 “Defence & National Security,”,
www.parliament.go.ug/chapt12.htm
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