Section c revision lesson
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The lesson focused on revising Section C of an essay. Students were instructed to carefully reread their work to check for errors in content, organization, word choice, and sentence structure. They then refined and polished their writing by clarifying ideas, tightening prose, and correcting any issues. The goal was to thoughtfully review and improve their initial draft before final submission.
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Unit 1 from page to stage
This document provides guidance for students on bringing a published script to life for an audience. It outlines that the focus is on establishing the playwright's original intention, not devising new work. Students must understand the script's context, genre, characters and design elements to develop an effective performance that supports their chosen interpretation. The working process involves preparation, exploration, rehearsal, performance and review aligned to the professional model. Assessment is based on a working record of ideas and the final performance.
E3c2 becoming a forensic psychologist1
Forensic psychologists deal with issues related to criminality, primarily working in prisons and with prisoners. They may work for the HM Prison Service, NHS secure hospitals, social services young offender units, probation services, or as independent consultants or researchers at universities. The role requires strong communication, observation, and problem-solving skills. Qualifications include a BPS-recognized psychology degree and a masters in forensic psychology, along with relevant work experience. Forensic psychologists carry out assessments, interventions, evaluations, and research to understand and manage criminal behavior within ethical guidelines focusing on competency, confidentiality, and privacy.
B1c1 the biological theory of dreaming
The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming proposes that:
1) During REM sleep, the brain generates random neural signals that are interpreted into dream narratives.
2) These random signals occur because sensory input is blocked and movements are inhibited during REM sleep.
3) The brain synthesizes the random neural activations into coherent stories that make up our dreams.
E2b2 gathering information from convicted offenders
Gathering information from convicted offenders presents both practical and ethical challenges. Practically, offenders may lie or withhold information to gain early release, glorify their crimes, or avoid retribution. Ethically, talking about crimes could be therapeutic for some but distressing for others, and offenders have the same human rights as participants, including the rights to withdraw, privacy, and debriefing without fear of self-incrimination or retaliation. Researchers must consider these issues to ensure valid and ethical treatment of offender participants.
B1b1 how the brain sends signals
The document discusses how neurons send signals in the brain. It explains that neurons have a cell body, axon, and dendrites. Messages are sent through neurons when an electrical impulse travels down the axon and causes it to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap. If the neurotransmitters are received by compatible receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, they will trigger another electrical impulse along that neuron. Key terms involved are neurotransmitters, action potential, synaptic gap, receptors, and the "lock and key" mechanism by which neurotransmitters are selectively received.
B1c2 evaluating activation synthesis theory
The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming proposed by Hobson and McCarley suggests that dreams are caused by random brain activity during REM sleep. Evidence for this comes from studies showing regular REM sleep patterns. However, the theory has been criticized for overstating the randomness of dreams, as many people report dreams relating to their daily lives. Lucid dreaming, where people are aware they are dreaming, also does not fit with the idea of dreams being random. The theory may also not explain why young children dream less even though they experience normal amounts of REM sleep.
Biological theory of dreams
The biological theory of dreaming proposed by Hobson and McCarley, known as the activation-synthesis theory, posits that dreams are caused by random neural activation in the brain during REM sleep which the brain then attempts to interpret and synthesize into a narrative dream. They discovered REM sleep through experiments showing sensory blockage and motor paralysis during this sleep stage. While the theory provided evidence for regular dreaming during REM sleep, criticisms argue dreams are not fully random and often incorporate elements of people's real lives and thoughts.
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Betta Balustrades are an Australian owned company that immensely focuses on enduring a family-owned commercial enterprise with solid ethics and values. Our success lies in consistently exceeding customer expectations and offering real value for money. We have been designing, producing and installing tabular and glass balustrades, providing the complete range of fencing needs, including glass pool fencing, gates and privacy screens since our inception in 197
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Unit 1 from page to stage
This document provides guidance for students on bringing a published script to life for an audience. It outlines that the focus is on establishing the playwright's original intention, not devising new work. Students must understand the script's context, genre, characters and design elements to develop an effective performance that supports their chosen interpretation. The working process involves preparation, exploration, rehearsal, performance and review aligned to the professional model. Assessment is based on a working record of ideas and the final performance.
E3c2 becoming a forensic psychologist1
Forensic psychologists deal with issues related to criminality, primarily working in prisons and with prisoners. They may work for the HM Prison Service, NHS secure hospitals, social services young offender units, probation services, or as independent consultants or researchers at universities. The role requires strong communication, observation, and problem-solving skills. Qualifications include a BPS-recognized psychology degree and a masters in forensic psychology, along with relevant work experience. Forensic psychologists carry out assessments, interventions, evaluations, and research to understand and manage criminal behavior within ethical guidelines focusing on competency, confidentiality, and privacy.
B1c1 the biological theory of dreaming
The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming proposes that:
1) During REM sleep, the brain generates random neural signals that are interpreted into dream narratives.
2) These random signals occur because sensory input is blocked and movements are inhibited during REM sleep.
3) The brain synthesizes the random neural activations into coherent stories that make up our dreams.
E2b2 gathering information from convicted offenders
Gathering information from convicted offenders presents both practical and ethical challenges. Practically, offenders may lie or withhold information to gain early release, glorify their crimes, or avoid retribution. Ethically, talking about crimes could be therapeutic for some but distressing for others, and offenders have the same human rights as participants, including the rights to withdraw, privacy, and debriefing without fear of self-incrimination or retaliation. Researchers must consider these issues to ensure valid and ethical treatment of offender participants.
B1b1 how the brain sends signals
The document discusses how neurons send signals in the brain. It explains that neurons have a cell body, axon, and dendrites. Messages are sent through neurons when an electrical impulse travels down the axon and causes it to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap. If the neurotransmitters are received by compatible receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, they will trigger another electrical impulse along that neuron. Key terms involved are neurotransmitters, action potential, synaptic gap, receptors, and the "lock and key" mechanism by which neurotransmitters are selectively received.
B1c2 evaluating activation synthesis theory
The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming proposed by Hobson and McCarley suggests that dreams are caused by random brain activity during REM sleep. Evidence for this comes from studies showing regular REM sleep patterns. However, the theory has been criticized for overstating the randomness of dreams, as many people report dreams relating to their daily lives. Lucid dreaming, where people are aware they are dreaming, also does not fit with the idea of dreams being random. The theory may also not explain why young children dream less even though they experience normal amounts of REM sleep.
Biological theory of dreams
The biological theory of dreaming proposed by Hobson and McCarley, known as the activation-synthesis theory, posits that dreams are caused by random neural activation in the brain during REM sleep which the brain then attempts to interpret and synthesize into a narrative dream. They discovered REM sleep through experiments showing sensory blockage and motor paralysis during this sleep stage. While the theory provided evidence for regular dreaming during REM sleep, criticisms argue dreams are not fully random and often incorporate elements of people's real lives and thoughts.
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E3c3 how a forensic psychologist might help treat
A forensic psychologist may help treat offenders through rehabilitation programs that focus on developing skills like anger management, appropriate social interaction, and treating addictions. Therapies used may include personal construct therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and behavior modification. The goal is to treat the behaviors and underlying issues that led to offending, such as intimacy problems, social skills deficits, lack of empathy, and cognitive distortions, in order to reduce recidivism risk. However, effectively treating issues like drug abuse can be challenging as environmental factors may trigger relapse.
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases-Nothing to shame about
Educating youth about sexually transmitted diseases is important to do now in order to protect their health and future. While discussions about sex can cause embarrassment, it is better to have open conversations that spread awareness about diseases and how to prevent them than to allow lack of education to endanger lives. Mass awareness campaigns about STDs can help stop the spread of diseases if people are bold about raising precision in communication.
The mouse and the child
The document summarizes the play "The Mouse and His Child" by Tamsin Oglesby, which is based on the novel of the same name by Russell Hoban. It follows a clockwork mouse and his child as they are discarded on Christmas day and embark on a journey to return to the toy shop. The play explores themes of escape, freedom, and reunited families through the relationship between the mouse and his child. It originally played at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre from November 2012 to January 2013 and was directed by Paul Hunter.
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Andrew Jackson Presentation for Bosco Tech Students A-2
Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States. He grew up an orphan after both of his parents died when he was young. As a young man, he held several jobs including prosecutor, representative, senator, and judge. During the War of 1812, he led American troops to victory against the British and Native American tribes. Jackson was a controversial figure who strongly opposed the national bank and pushed power to the people. His presidency resulted in both positive accomplishments but also the tragic Trail of Tears relocation of Native Americans.
Section a revision
The optic chiasma is not found in the retina. It is located where some of the optic nerve fibers from each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain.
The other three structures are all found in the retina:
- Rods and cones are the light-sensitive cells located in the retina.
- The blind spot is an area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye, containing no photoreceptors.
So the optic chiasma is the structure not found in the retina from the options given. It is located where the optic nerves meet after leaving the eyes.
Section d revision
1) The document summarizes research on classical conditioning and social learning theory as they relate to phobias. It discusses studies showing how phobias can develop from conditioning, like Little Albert's fear of rats, and through social learning by observing others, as in monkeys learning snake fears.
2) Preparedness theory proposes that humans more easily learn associations between stimuli that were threatening in our evolutionary past, like snakes. We are less likely to fear stimuli like clothing that held no evolutionary risk.
3) Research also found people tend to fear animals perceived as ugly, slimy, fast-moving or acting suddenly, supporting both nature and nurture influences in phobia development.
E4a1 how defendant characteristics affect jury decision making
Psychologists have studied how defendant characteristics can affect jury decision-making. Research has found that racial stereotypes can influence jurors, with mock juries more likely to find black defendants guilty compared to white defendants who committed the same crime, and give black defendants harsher sentences. Additional research has shown attractive defendants are judged as less guilty and given lower sentences than unattractive defendants. Accent also influences jurors, with regional accents viewed more negatively than posh accents in some cases. These findings suggest jurors may be swayed by superficial characteristics rather than just the evidence.
E1a2 social explanations for criminality
Family patterns and experiences during childhood can influence whether a person turns to crime. Divorce can lead to children living in single-parent households, and research shows these children are twice as likely to become criminals. Separation from the primary caregiver before age 2, a phenomenon called maternal deprivation, has also been linked to criminal behavior later in life. Children from larger families of 6 or more children are more likely to engage in criminal acts due to less parental attention and supervision. No single factor determines criminality on its own, but negative childhood experiences like prolonged separation from caregivers or arguments within the family can increase a child's vulnerability to criminal behavior.
E1a1 biological explanations for criminality
1. The document examines several biological explanations for criminality, including family and twin studies that look at the genetic links between relatives with criminal histories.
2. Family and twin studies have shown that individuals are more likely to commit crimes if their parents or grandparents were also criminals, suggesting a genetic component. Identical twins were also more likely to both be criminals compared to non-identical twins.
3. However, there are limitations to these studies, as shared environment and observational learning within families could also explain criminal behavior patterns. Chromosome abnormalities have also been linked to aggression and criminality in some studies, but the links are not definitive.
E3c2 becoming a forensic psychologist
Forensic psychologists deal with issues related to criminality, primarily working in prisons and with prisoners. They may work for the HM Prison Service, NHS secure hospitals, social services young offender units, probation services, or as independent consultants or researchers at universities. The role requires strong communication, observation, and problem-solving skills. Qualifications include a BPS-recognized psychology degree and further experience and qualifications in forensic psychology, such as a masters degree and two years of supervised practice. Forensic psychologists carry out assessments, interventions, and evaluations using treatment methods to manage prisoner behavior while adhering to ethical guidelines regarding competency, confidentiality, and privacy.
E3c1 the job of a forensic psychologist
A forensic psychologist works in the legal system to uncover psychological issues related to criminal activity and the treatment of criminals. They assess risks of reoffending, evaluate treatment programs, conduct research, train staff, and provide advice to courts, parole boards, and other agencies. Forensic psychologists work with prisoners, victims, witnesses, judges, and juries, carrying out assessments, treatments, and presenting findings to help manage offender behavior and reduce stress. They require skills in psychology, research, assessment, and working with multiple agencies.
E3a1 offender profiling
Offender profiling aims to narrow down suspects by analyzing clues left at crime scenes, such as the type of victim and location. Profiles are created through a two-step process: 1) detailed analysis of the crime, and 2) using this information to construct probable features of the criminal, including their sex, age, and where they live. While some profiles have successfully helped police catch criminals, others have led to the wrongful targeting of innocent people. Most police find profiles useful, but traditional policing methods are generally more effective for solving crimes.
E2a3 madon (2004) self fulfilling prophecy
Parents' expectations of their children's drinking behavior can become a self-fulfilling prophecy, according to a study by Maldon (2004). The study asked parents to predict how much alcohol their children would consume over the next year. One year later, the children's actual alcohol consumption aligned with their parents' predictions - children whose parents expected greater alcohol use tended to drink more. The findings suggest parents' beliefs can significantly influence their children's drinking behaviors.
E2a2 signall and ostrove (1975) attractiveness
In a 1975 study, Signall and Ostrove sought to determine whether attractiveness affects jury decision making. They presented 120 participants with a crime scenario and photo of the defendant, Barbara Helms. Participants were split into groups that saw an attractive or unattractive photo of Barbara accused of either burglary or fraud. The results showed that attractive defendants received shorter prison sentences for burglary but longer sentences for fraud, suggesting attractiveness can influence juror perceptions of guilt based on the type of crime committed.
E1b1 comparing theories of criminality
This document compares biological and social theories of criminality and the nature vs nurture debate. Biological theories focus on inherited criminal behavior through genes or chromosome abnormalities. Social theories examine external influences like family structure, parenting, and self-fulfilling prophecies. Both sides present evidence but neither fully explains criminality on its own. The conclusion is that considering both biological tendencies and social vulnerabilities provides a safer perspective, as criminal behavior likely results from an interaction between nature and nurture.
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A forensic psychologist may help treat offenders through rehabilitation programs that focus on developing skills like anger management, appropriate social interaction, and treating addictions. Therapies used may include personal construct therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and behavior modification. The goal is to treat the behaviors and underlying issues that led to offending, such as intimacy problems, social skills deficits, lack of empathy, and cognitive distortions, in order to reduce recidivism risk. However, effectively treating issues like drug abuse can be challenging as environmental factors may trigger relapse.
pengaruh budaya terhadap perikalu prososial
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases-Nothing to shame about
Educating youth about sexually transmitted diseases is important to do now in order to protect their health and future. While discussions about sex can cause embarrassment, it is better to have open conversations that spread awareness about diseases and how to prevent them than to allow lack of education to endanger lives. Mass awareness campaigns about STDs can help stop the spread of diseases if people are bold about raising precision in communication.
The mouse and the child
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Andrew Jackson Presentation for Bosco Tech Students A-2
Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States. He grew up an orphan after both of his parents died when he was young. As a young man, he held several jobs including prosecutor, representative, senator, and judge. During the War of 1812, he led American troops to victory against the British and Native American tribes. Jackson was a controversial figure who strongly opposed the national bank and pushed power to the people. His presidency resulted in both positive accomplishments but also the tragic Trail of Tears relocation of Native Americans.
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More from Aarono1979
Section a revision
The optic chiasma is not found in the retina. It is located where some of the optic nerve fibers from each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain.
The other three structures are all found in the retina:
- Rods and cones are the light-sensitive cells located in the retina.
- The blind spot is an area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye, containing no photoreceptors.
So the optic chiasma is the structure not found in the retina from the options given. It is located where the optic nerves meet after leaving the eyes.
Section d revision
1) The document summarizes research on classical conditioning and social learning theory as they relate to phobias. It discusses studies showing how phobias can develop from conditioning, like Little Albert's fear of rats, and through social learning by observing others, as in monkeys learning snake fears.
2) Preparedness theory proposes that humans more easily learn associations between stimuli that were threatening in our evolutionary past, like snakes. We are less likely to fear stimuli like clothing that held no evolutionary risk.
3) Research also found people tend to fear animals perceived as ugly, slimy, fast-moving or acting suddenly, supporting both nature and nurture influences in phobia development.
E4a1 how defendant characteristics affect jury decision making
Psychologists have studied how defendant characteristics can affect jury decision-making. Research has found that racial stereotypes can influence jurors, with mock juries more likely to find black defendants guilty compared to white defendants who committed the same crime, and give black defendants harsher sentences. Additional research has shown attractive defendants are judged as less guilty and given lower sentences than unattractive defendants. Accent also influences jurors, with regional accents viewed more negatively than posh accents in some cases. These findings suggest jurors may be swayed by superficial characteristics rather than just the evidence.
E1a2 social explanations for criminality
Family patterns and experiences during childhood can influence whether a person turns to crime. Divorce can lead to children living in single-parent households, and research shows these children are twice as likely to become criminals. Separation from the primary caregiver before age 2, a phenomenon called maternal deprivation, has also been linked to criminal behavior later in life. Children from larger families of 6 or more children are more likely to engage in criminal acts due to less parental attention and supervision. No single factor determines criminality on its own, but negative childhood experiences like prolonged separation from caregivers or arguments within the family can increase a child's vulnerability to criminal behavior.
E1a1 biological explanations for criminality
1. The document examines several biological explanations for criminality, including family and twin studies that look at the genetic links between relatives with criminal histories.
2. Family and twin studies have shown that individuals are more likely to commit crimes if their parents or grandparents were also criminals, suggesting a genetic component. Identical twins were also more likely to both be criminals compared to non-identical twins.
3. However, there are limitations to these studies, as shared environment and observational learning within families could also explain criminal behavior patterns. Chromosome abnormalities have also been linked to aggression and criminality in some studies, but the links are not definitive.
E3c2 becoming a forensic psychologist
Forensic psychologists deal with issues related to criminality, primarily working in prisons and with prisoners. They may work for the HM Prison Service, NHS secure hospitals, social services young offender units, probation services, or as independent consultants or researchers at universities. The role requires strong communication, observation, and problem-solving skills. Qualifications include a BPS-recognized psychology degree and further experience and qualifications in forensic psychology, such as a masters degree and two years of supervised practice. Forensic psychologists carry out assessments, interventions, and evaluations using treatment methods to manage prisoner behavior while adhering to ethical guidelines regarding competency, confidentiality, and privacy.
E3c1 the job of a forensic psychologist
A forensic psychologist works in the legal system to uncover psychological issues related to criminal activity and the treatment of criminals. They assess risks of reoffending, evaluate treatment programs, conduct research, train staff, and provide advice to courts, parole boards, and other agencies. Forensic psychologists work with prisoners, victims, witnesses, judges, and juries, carrying out assessments, treatments, and presenting findings to help manage offender behavior and reduce stress. They require skills in psychology, research, assessment, and working with multiple agencies.
E3a1 offender profiling
Offender profiling aims to narrow down suspects by analyzing clues left at crime scenes, such as the type of victim and location. Profiles are created through a two-step process: 1) detailed analysis of the crime, and 2) using this information to construct probable features of the criminal, including their sex, age, and where they live. While some profiles have successfully helped police catch criminals, others have led to the wrongful targeting of innocent people. Most police find profiles useful, but traditional policing methods are generally more effective for solving crimes.
E2a3 madon (2004) self fulfilling prophecy
Parents' expectations of their children's drinking behavior can become a self-fulfilling prophecy, according to a study by Maldon (2004). The study asked parents to predict how much alcohol their children would consume over the next year. One year later, the children's actual alcohol consumption aligned with their parents' predictions - children whose parents expected greater alcohol use tended to drink more. The findings suggest parents' beliefs can significantly influence their children's drinking behaviors.
E2a2 signall and ostrove (1975) attractiveness
In a 1975 study, Signall and Ostrove sought to determine whether attractiveness affects jury decision making. They presented 120 participants with a crime scenario and photo of the defendant, Barbara Helms. Participants were split into groups that saw an attractive or unattractive photo of Barbara accused of either burglary or fraud. The results showed that attractive defendants received shorter prison sentences for burglary but longer sentences for fraud, suggesting attractiveness can influence juror perceptions of guilt based on the type of crime committed.
E1b1 comparing theories of criminality
This document compares biological and social theories of criminality and the nature vs nurture debate. Biological theories focus on inherited criminal behavior through genes or chromosome abnormalities. Social theories examine external influences like family structure, parenting, and self-fulfilling prophecies. Both sides present evidence but neither fully explains criminality on its own. The conclusion is that considering both biological tendencies and social vulnerabilities provides a safer perspective, as criminal behavior likely results from an interaction between nature and nurture.
E1a4 self fulfilling prophecy as an explanation for criminality
This document discusses the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy and how it may help explain criminality. It defines self-fulfilling prophecy as when one's expectations or treatment by others influences their own behavior. For example, if a person is expected or treated as if they will engage in criminal behavior, they may conform to this expectation. The document cites a study by Rosenthal and Jacobsen where teachers' expectations affected students' IQ test performance, demonstrating how expectations can shape outcomes. It discusses how Gustav Johoda found a correlation between birth day-based names and later arrest rates in Ashanti culture, which could potentially be explained by the effects of a self-fulfilling prophecy. However, it notes that self-fulfilling
E1a3 chidrearing as expl criminality
Hoffman identified three childrearing strategies: induction, love withdrawal, and power assertion. Induction encourages empathy by explaining wrongdoings and consequences. Love withdrawal manipulates a child's feelings and undermines their independence. Power assertion, especially if inconsistent or excessive, is associated with low self-esteem, aggression, and delinquency later in life. The example of Lee shows how inconsistent punishment from his parents led to confusion and taking anger out on others. While parenting strategies influence delinquency, many factors are involved.
E2al theilgaard (1984) the criminal gene
This document discusses research into whether chromosomal abnormalities like XYY could be linked to criminal behavior. It summarizes a 1984 study by Alice Theilgaard that took blood samples from over 30,000 men to check for XXY and XYY patterns. Men with these patterns were interviewed and given intelligence and personality tests to see if they displayed more aggression. While XYY men tended to be slightly less intelligent and more aggressive, the sample sizes were small and a link between the abnormalities and criminality was not definitively proven. The study had limitations and left open ethical dilemmas about how such information could be used.
E3a1 offender profiling
Offender profiling aims to narrow down suspects by analyzing clues left at crime scenes, such as the type of victim and location. Profiles are created using a detailed analysis of the crime and evidence to construct a list of probable characteristics of the criminal, including their sex, age, and where they live. While some profiles have successfully helped police identify criminals, others have led to the wrongful accusation and victimization of innocent people. Overall, offender profiling can provide guidance to police but is not always accurate, and traditional investigative methods remain the most effective approach.
E2b2 gathering information from convicted offenders
Gathering information from convicted offenders presents both practical and ethical challenges. Practically, offenders may lie or withhold information to gain early release, glorify their crimes, or protect themselves, their families, or criminal groups. Ethically, talking about crimes could be therapeutic for some but distressing for others, and offenders have the same human rights as other research participants, including the rights to withdraw, privacy, and debriefing. The information provided could also potentially lead to distress if offenders fear it being used to convict others.
Differentiation
Differentiation strategies should provide multiple ways for students to engage with content and demonstrate understanding, through open-ended responses, various learning resources that cater to different styles, and choice in tasks and activities. A positive learning environment is important, where students feel respected and teachers get to know each student as an individual rather than just data. Regular review and improvement allows students to assess their work and progress with feedback. While differentiation takes more planning, there are also strategies to help save time like self-levelling activities, strategic questioning, and peer learning techniques.
Areas of study guidance sheet for logbooks
This document provides guidance for planning areas of study for a performance, including character, context, plot, structure, audience engagement, improvisation, genre, performance style, and semiotics. It asks the reader to consider how they are currently planning to approach each area, such as how they will communicate their character's motivation, involve the audience, use improvisation to develop ideas, demonstrate the chosen genre and performance style, and employ techniques like voice, gestures, proxemics, music, costumes and lighting to communicate meaning to the audience. The planning in these areas will help guide lessons and development of the performance.
B2d1 little hans.
Freud's case study of Little Hans showed how dream analysis can reveal the unconscious desires and fears of the dreamer. The case study followed the dreams and anxieties of a 5-year old boy who developed a fear of horses. Freud determined the boy's early dreams and phobia represented his unconscious Oedipus complex, in which the boy unconsciously desired his mother and feared his father. One dream where the boy dreamed of a giraffe represented his unconscious desire for his mother and fear of his father through symbolism.
B1d1 comparing dream theories
Freud's theory of dreams proposed that dreams are symbolic fulfillments of unconscious desires and wishes, often relating to sexual urges. Activation-synthesis theory proposed that dreams are caused by random neural firing during sleep which the brain interprets and synthesizes into dream narratives. While Freud used case studies and free association, activation-synthesis used more objective methods like animal experiments, brain scanning, and EEG tests. Activation-synthesis theory is considered more credible due to its use of scientific evidence from objective research methods, whereas Freud's theory lacks credibility since the unconscious cannot be measured scientifically.
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E2b2 gathering information from convicted offenders
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