Merger vs. Acquisition
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Bhargav Dangar's document discusses the differences between mergers and acquisitions. A merger occurs when two companies combine to form one large company, resulting in a transfer of ownership and control. An acquisition happens when one company purchases another and establishes itself as the new owner. Key differences are that mergers involve mutual agreement to combine two organizations, while acquisitions see one organization purchase another; mergers tend to be more expensive and time-consuming than acquisitions due to legal complexities.
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Mergers and acquisitions allow companies to grow rapidly without creating subsidiaries or using joint ventures. An acquisition usually refers to a larger firm purchasing a smaller one, though occasionally a smaller firm will acquire a larger one. There are different types of acquisitions, including reverse mergers which allow private companies to go public quickly. Firms pursue mergers and acquisitions to increase competitiveness, market power, speed to market, and block competitors' moves. However, cultural mismatches are a major disadvantage and cause of acquisition failures as the acquired company's culture may be difficult to integrate.
Mergers and Acquisitions
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) allow companies to grow rapidly through combining or buying other companies. A merger combines two companies into one new entity, while an acquisition occurs when one company purchases another but the acquired company remains a separate legal entity controlled by the acquiring company. The ultimate economic outcome of mergers and acquisitions can be similar, though legally they are distinct transactions. M&A can help companies enter new markets, expand product lines, and achieve economies of scale, but also carry risks like integration difficulties and failure to achieve expected synergies if not properly evaluated.
Merger & Acquisitions
The document discusses mergers and acquisitions (M&A). It describes different types of M&A including mergers, acquisitions, amalgamations, spin-offs, and de-mergers. It also discusses the key differences between mergers and acquisitions. Mergers involve combining two companies into a single new company, while acquisitions involve one company purchasing another to make it a subsidiary. The document outlines various valuation methods used in M&A like asset valuation, income valuation, and market valuation. It also lists potential motives and benefits of M&A like economies of scale, market expansion, and absorption of similar businesses. However, it notes mergers and acquisitions can also face challenges like clashes of corporate culture
Mergers And Acquisitions
The document discusses mergers and acquisitions in India. It defines a merger as a combination of two companies where one is absorbed by the other, while an acquisition occurs when a larger company takes over the shares and assets of a smaller one. It then provides examples of major M&A deals in India, including Flipkart acquiring Myntra, Sun Pharma acquiring Ranbaxy, and Tata acquiring Corus. It also outlines different types of mergers and acquisitions as well as potential benefits and challenges.
18 mergers and_acqiusition (1)
The document discusses mergers and acquisitions. It provides an overview of the topic, including definitions of key terms like mergers, acquisitions, takeovers, and de-mergers. It also discusses some of the main reasons why companies pursue mergers and acquisitions, such as procuring supplies, revamping operations, expanding into new markets, and increasing efficiency. Additionally, it outlines important factors for success like assessing target quality thoroughly and having strong local networks and flexibility.
Marketing presentation
A merger occurs when two companies of approximately equal size combine to form one new company, while an acquisition is when a larger company purchases and takes over a smaller company. The document discusses different types of mergers and acquisitions such as horizontal, vertical, market extension, and conglomerate mergers/acquisitions. Benefits include increased market share and economies of scale, while risks include clashes in corporate culture and increased complexity. Successful mergers like Vodafone-Idea and RIL-RPL are discussed alongside impacts on employees, management, and shareholders. The conclusion emphasizes learning from others' mistakes and defining clear objectives and strategies.
Introduction of merger and acquisition
The document discusses various types of mergers and acquisitions including horizontal, vertical, conglomerate mergers as well as acquisitions. It also discusses leveraged buyouts and different types of corporate restructuring activities such as divestitures, spin-offs, and split-ups. The key reasons for mergers and acquisitions include increasing market share, achieving economies of scale, and expanding into new markets or products. Mergers and acquisitions can fail due to cultural differences, lack of integration planning, and poor management of stakeholders.
Merger and acquisition
The document provides an overview of mergers and acquisitions through a presentation covering various topics:
1. It defines a merger as a combination of two companies where one is absorbed by the other, while an acquisition means one larger company takes over the shares and assets of a smaller company.
2. The merger and acquisition process involves preliminary assessment, a proposal, exit planning, structured marketing, and integration of the companies.
3. Different types of mergers and acquisitions are described such as horizontal, vertical, co-generic, and conglomerate mergers as well as friendly, reverse, hostile, and back-flip acquisitions.
4. Benefits, problems, impacts on stakeholders, and
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New microsoft word document
Mergers and acquisitions allow companies to grow rapidly without creating subsidiaries or using joint ventures. An acquisition usually refers to a larger firm purchasing a smaller one, though occasionally a smaller firm will acquire a larger one. There are different types of acquisitions, including reverse mergers which allow private companies to go public quickly. Firms pursue mergers and acquisitions to increase competitiveness, market power, speed to market, and block competitors' moves. However, cultural mismatches are a major disadvantage and cause of acquisition failures as the acquired company's culture may be difficult to integrate.
Mergers and Acquisitions
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) allow companies to grow rapidly through combining or buying other companies. A merger combines two companies into one new entity, while an acquisition occurs when one company purchases another but the acquired company remains a separate legal entity controlled by the acquiring company. The ultimate economic outcome of mergers and acquisitions can be similar, though legally they are distinct transactions. M&A can help companies enter new markets, expand product lines, and achieve economies of scale, but also carry risks like integration difficulties and failure to achieve expected synergies if not properly evaluated.
Merger & Acquisitions
The document discusses mergers and acquisitions (M&A). It describes different types of M&A including mergers, acquisitions, amalgamations, spin-offs, and de-mergers. It also discusses the key differences between mergers and acquisitions. Mergers involve combining two companies into a single new company, while acquisitions involve one company purchasing another to make it a subsidiary. The document outlines various valuation methods used in M&A like asset valuation, income valuation, and market valuation. It also lists potential motives and benefits of M&A like economies of scale, market expansion, and absorption of similar businesses. However, it notes mergers and acquisitions can also face challenges like clashes of corporate culture
Mergers And Acquisitions
The document discusses mergers and acquisitions in India. It defines a merger as a combination of two companies where one is absorbed by the other, while an acquisition occurs when a larger company takes over the shares and assets of a smaller one. It then provides examples of major M&A deals in India, including Flipkart acquiring Myntra, Sun Pharma acquiring Ranbaxy, and Tata acquiring Corus. It also outlines different types of mergers and acquisitions as well as potential benefits and challenges.
18 mergers and_acqiusition (1)
The document discusses mergers and acquisitions. It provides an overview of the topic, including definitions of key terms like mergers, acquisitions, takeovers, and de-mergers. It also discusses some of the main reasons why companies pursue mergers and acquisitions, such as procuring supplies, revamping operations, expanding into new markets, and increasing efficiency. Additionally, it outlines important factors for success like assessing target quality thoroughly and having strong local networks and flexibility.
Marketing presentation
A merger occurs when two companies of approximately equal size combine to form one new company, while an acquisition is when a larger company purchases and takes over a smaller company. The document discusses different types of mergers and acquisitions such as horizontal, vertical, market extension, and conglomerate mergers/acquisitions. Benefits include increased market share and economies of scale, while risks include clashes in corporate culture and increased complexity. Successful mergers like Vodafone-Idea and RIL-RPL are discussed alongside impacts on employees, management, and shareholders. The conclusion emphasizes learning from others' mistakes and defining clear objectives and strategies.
Introduction of merger and acquisition
The document discusses various types of mergers and acquisitions including horizontal, vertical, conglomerate mergers as well as acquisitions. It also discusses leveraged buyouts and different types of corporate restructuring activities such as divestitures, spin-offs, and split-ups. The key reasons for mergers and acquisitions include increasing market share, achieving economies of scale, and expanding into new markets or products. Mergers and acquisitions can fail due to cultural differences, lack of integration planning, and poor management of stakeholders.
Merger and acquisition
The document provides an overview of mergers and acquisitions through a presentation covering various topics:
1. It defines a merger as a combination of two companies where one is absorbed by the other, while an acquisition means one larger company takes over the shares and assets of a smaller company.
2. The merger and acquisition process involves preliminary assessment, a proposal, exit planning, structured marketing, and integration of the companies.
3. Different types of mergers and acquisitions are described such as horizontal, vertical, co-generic, and conglomerate mergers as well as friendly, reverse, hostile, and back-flip acquisitions.
4. Benefits, problems, impacts on stakeholders, and
Mapping The M&A Journey
The document outlines the four basic types of corporate ownership transfer transactions: mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and asset sales, joint ventures and alliances, and going public or private. It provides details on each type, including that mergers and acquisitions are the most common and can involve one large company purchasing a smaller target company, and divestitures help eliminate underperforming assets to create value for shareholders. Joint ventures represent a relationship between two companies to undertake a specific activity, while going public or private involves a company changing its ownership structure between public and private.
Mergers and acquisitions framework | Veristrat Inc.
Mergers and Acquisitions : Amergerisacombinationoftwoormorecompanieswhereonecorporationiscompletelyabsorbedbyanothercorporation. Acquisition essentially means 'to acquire’ or ‘to takeover’.
Merger & acquisition with case study
The document discusses mergers and acquisitions, providing definitions and examples. It describes the typical stages in an M&A deal including preliminary assessment, proposal, exit planning, and integration. Key factors driving M&A activity in India are also summarized such as increasing competition and globalization.
New Venture Expansion and Exit Strategies
Joint ventures allow companies to share financial risk and resources to undertake new business ventures. They provide access to new markets and expertise while reducing costs through resource sharing. Notable Indian joint ventures include Maruti Suzuki, Sony India, and Bharti Walmart. Acquisitions involve one company purchasing another to gain control of its assets and operations. Mergers combine two companies into a new entity with mutual agreement between partners. Franchising is a business model where franchisees operate under an established brand in exchange for fees. Exit strategies like sale, IPO, or liquidation allow business owners to realize returns and transition out of their investment.
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This presentation is a brief explanation about mergers and acquisition from Indian perspective and was presented by me during my tenure at Bank of America continuums, Indian.
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This document discusses the corporatization of non-corporate entities and the conversion of proprietorships and partnerships into companies through corporate restructuring. It outlines the key benefits of converting to a company such as limited liability, greater borrowing power, and employee stability. The document then describes the procedure for converting a partnership firm into a company according to Part IX of the Companies Act of 1956. It lists the key conditions and requirements that must be met, including minimum share capital amounts. Finally, it provides steps for incorporating a company under Part IX and discusses types of mergers and acquisitions.
Tata corus project
1) The document discusses a project studying the acquisitions of Tata and Corus by Group 4. It provides background on mergers and acquisitions in corporate finance.
2) It defines mergers and acquisitions, distinguishing between mergers and acquisitions. Mergers combine two companies as equals while acquisitions involve one company purchasing another.
3) The key to successful M&A is achieving synergies through cost savings and revenue growth. However, synergies are difficult to realize and M&A often fail to meet financial targets.
Merger and Acquisition
This document discusses mergers and acquisitions (M&A). It defines a merger as a combination of two companies to form a new company, while an acquisition is the purchase of one company by another where no new company is formed. In a merger, the boards approve the combination and seek shareholder approval, after which the acquired company ceases to exist. An acquisition involves one company obtaining a majority stake in another, which retains its name and structure. The document provides examples of M&A deals and discusses their benefits, such as increasing capital base, customer base, and synergies while reducing costs and competition.
Corporate restructuring
Corporate restructuring involves reorganizing aspects of a company, such as its financial structure, assets, or management structure. This process can help a company become more competitive or adapt to changing economic conditions. Common types of restructuring include mergers and acquisitions, asset sales, spin-offs of business units, and management reorganizations. Mergers in particular allow companies to combine operations and gain strategic or financial benefits like market consolidation or cost reductions.
Merger and acquisition-The basic concept
Mergers and acquisitions involve the combination of two or more companies. A merger combines two approximately equal-sized companies, while an acquisition sees one larger company purchase a smaller one. There are several types of mergers, including horizontal (between competitors), vertical (between companies in a supply chain), and conglomerate (between unrelated industries). Reasons for mergers and acquisitions include gaining synergies between companies, removing unprofitable business lines, focusing on core competencies, generating cash, withstanding competition, and facilitating further growth.
Acquisition and merger with example
An acquisition occurs when one company purchases a majority stake in another company to gain control over it. For example, Walmart acquired a 77% stake in Flipkart for $16 billion. There are several types of acquisitions, including friendly acquisitions (agreed upon by both sides), reverse acquisitions (a private company purchases a public one), backflip acquisitions (the acquired company takes over the acquirer), and hostile acquisitions (without the target's approval). Mergers can be horizontal (between competitors), vertical (between suppliers and customers), conglomerate (between unrelated industries), or market extension (between firms in different markets for the same products).
Merger and acquisition
The document defines and compares mergers and acquisitions. A merger involves two companies combining to form a new entity, with shared ownership and control. An acquisition is when one company purchases another, taking control of over 51% of its shares. Mergers involve mutual cooperation between similar-sized companies, while acquisitions see a larger company take over a smaller target. Both mergers and acquisitions can provide benefits like tax savings and synergies, but may also create issues like cultural clashes.
Mergers and acquisitions by calvella
A merger involves the total absorption of a target firm by the acquirer. As a result, one firm ceases to exist and only the new firm (acquirer) remains.M&A can include a number of different transactions, such as mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, tender offers, purchase of assets and management acquisitions.
Strategic alliance
There are three main types of strategic alliances: licensing arrangements, joint ventures, and consortia and networks. Consortia and networks can include multi-partner consortia designed to share technology, formal groups that own cross-holdings in each other, and industry-spanning alliance networks that share knowledge, costs, and risks. Strategic alliances allow companies to collaborate without fully merging, whereas mergers and acquisitions combine two companies' assets and liabilities.
Legal aspects of mergers and acquisition
Legal aspects of mergers and acquisition
Acquisition is the combination of two companies where one corporation is completely absorbed by another corporation. The less important company loses its identity and becomes part of the more important corporation, which retains its identity. It may involve absorption or consolidation.
Merger is also defined as amalgamation. Merger is the fusion of two or more existing companies. All assets, liabilities and the stock of one company stand transferred to Transferee Company in consideration of payment in the form of:
I) Equity shares in the transferee company,
II) Debentures in the transferee company,
III) Cash, or
IV) A mix of the above mode
Merger and analysis ppt
This document discusses mergers and acquisitions. It defines a merger as a combination of two companies where one is absorbed by the other. An acquisition occurs when a larger company takes over the shares and assets of a smaller one. The document outlines the differences between mergers and acquisitions and discusses reasons for and against each. It also describes the types of mergers and acquisitions as well as the process for mergers and acquisitions in India.
Merger write up
The document provides information about mergers and types of mergers. It defines a merger as occurring when two companies combine to form a single company, with existing stockholders of both companies retaining shared ownership. It describes the main types of mergers as horizontal (between competitors), vertical (between companies in different parts of the supply chain), and conglomerate (between companies in unrelated markets). The document also discusses the reasons companies pursue mergers such as industry consolidation, improving competitive position, defensive moves, synergies, and acquiring resources/skills. It provides examples and a case study of a merger between HDFC Bank and Centurion Bank of Punjab.
Legal & Compliance, LLC- Whitepaper- Mergers And Acquisitions; Types of Trans...
Mergers And Acquisitions; Types of Transactions- As
merger and acquisition(M&A) transactions completed its most active year since the financial crisis, it is helpful to go back to basics. Activity has been prevalent in all market sectors, including large, mid and small cap and across all industries, including biotech, financial services, technology, consumer goods and services, food and beverage and healthcare, among others...
Merger and acquisition
This document discusses mergers and acquisitions. It defines mergers as combinations of two or more companies into one new entity, while acquisitions refer to one company purchasing another to gain control of its assets or management. The document outlines different types of mergers like horizontal, vertical, conglomerate, market extension, and product extension mergers. It also discusses takeovers and provides examples of major mergers and acquisitions in India, such as Tata Steel-Corus, Vodafone-Hutchison Essar, Ranbaxy-Daiichi Sankyo, Tata Motors-Jaguar Land Rover, and RIL-RPL merger. Mergers allow companies to increase market share, realize economies of
Mergers & amalgamations
This document discusses mergers and amalgamations under Indian law. It defines mergers as a transaction where one company's assets and liabilities are transferred to another company, which ceases to exist, while its shareholders become shareholders of the acquiring company. Amalgamations involve the transfer of two or more companies' assets and liabilities to a new or existing company, with the amalgamating companies' shareholders becoming shareholders of the transferee company. The document outlines the legal procedures for mergers and amalgamations under the Companies Act of 1956 and describes different types of mergers and amalgamations. It discusses the key motivations for companies to engage in mergers and amalgamations, such as economies of scale, increased market share and revenue, and resource transfers.
Cross Border Services
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Mapping The M&A Journey
The document outlines the four basic types of corporate ownership transfer transactions: mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and asset sales, joint ventures and alliances, and going public or private. It provides details on each type, including that mergers and acquisitions are the most common and can involve one large company purchasing a smaller target company, and divestitures help eliminate underperforming assets to create value for shareholders. Joint ventures represent a relationship between two companies to undertake a specific activity, while going public or private involves a company changing its ownership structure between public and private.
Mergers and acquisitions framework | Veristrat Inc.
Mergers and Acquisitions : Amergerisacombinationoftwoormorecompanieswhereonecorporationiscompletelyabsorbedbyanothercorporation. Acquisition essentially means 'to acquire’ or ‘to takeover’.
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The document discusses mergers and acquisitions, providing definitions and examples. It describes the typical stages in an M&A deal including preliminary assessment, proposal, exit planning, and integration. Key factors driving M&A activity in India are also summarized such as increasing competition and globalization.
New Venture Expansion and Exit Strategies
Joint ventures allow companies to share financial risk and resources to undertake new business ventures. They provide access to new markets and expertise while reducing costs through resource sharing. Notable Indian joint ventures include Maruti Suzuki, Sony India, and Bharti Walmart. Acquisitions involve one company purchasing another to gain control of its assets and operations. Mergers combine two companies into a new entity with mutual agreement between partners. Franchising is a business model where franchisees operate under an established brand in exchange for fees. Exit strategies like sale, IPO, or liquidation allow business owners to realize returns and transition out of their investment.
Mergers and acquisition (A study on main elements and their behavior)
This presentation is a brief explanation about mergers and acquisition from Indian perspective and was presented by me during my tenure at Bank of America continuums, Indian.
Introduction to principles of Mergers & Acquisitions
This document discusses the corporatization of non-corporate entities and the conversion of proprietorships and partnerships into companies through corporate restructuring. It outlines the key benefits of converting to a company such as limited liability, greater borrowing power, and employee stability. The document then describes the procedure for converting a partnership firm into a company according to Part IX of the Companies Act of 1956. It lists the key conditions and requirements that must be met, including minimum share capital amounts. Finally, it provides steps for incorporating a company under Part IX and discusses types of mergers and acquisitions.
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1) The document discusses a project studying the acquisitions of Tata and Corus by Group 4. It provides background on mergers and acquisitions in corporate finance.
2) It defines mergers and acquisitions, distinguishing between mergers and acquisitions. Mergers combine two companies as equals while acquisitions involve one company purchasing another.
3) The key to successful M&A is achieving synergies through cost savings and revenue growth. However, synergies are difficult to realize and M&A often fail to meet financial targets.
Merger and Acquisition
This document discusses mergers and acquisitions (M&A). It defines a merger as a combination of two companies to form a new company, while an acquisition is the purchase of one company by another where no new company is formed. In a merger, the boards approve the combination and seek shareholder approval, after which the acquired company ceases to exist. An acquisition involves one company obtaining a majority stake in another, which retains its name and structure. The document provides examples of M&A deals and discusses their benefits, such as increasing capital base, customer base, and synergies while reducing costs and competition.
Corporate restructuring
Corporate restructuring involves reorganizing aspects of a company, such as its financial structure, assets, or management structure. This process can help a company become more competitive or adapt to changing economic conditions. Common types of restructuring include mergers and acquisitions, asset sales, spin-offs of business units, and management reorganizations. Mergers in particular allow companies to combine operations and gain strategic or financial benefits like market consolidation or cost reductions.
Merger and acquisition-The basic concept
Mergers and acquisitions involve the combination of two or more companies. A merger combines two approximately equal-sized companies, while an acquisition sees one larger company purchase a smaller one. There are several types of mergers, including horizontal (between competitors), vertical (between companies in a supply chain), and conglomerate (between unrelated industries). Reasons for mergers and acquisitions include gaining synergies between companies, removing unprofitable business lines, focusing on core competencies, generating cash, withstanding competition, and facilitating further growth.
Acquisition and merger with example
An acquisition occurs when one company purchases a majority stake in another company to gain control over it. For example, Walmart acquired a 77% stake in Flipkart for $16 billion. There are several types of acquisitions, including friendly acquisitions (agreed upon by both sides), reverse acquisitions (a private company purchases a public one), backflip acquisitions (the acquired company takes over the acquirer), and hostile acquisitions (without the target's approval). Mergers can be horizontal (between competitors), vertical (between suppliers and customers), conglomerate (between unrelated industries), or market extension (between firms in different markets for the same products).
Merger and acquisition
The document defines and compares mergers and acquisitions. A merger involves two companies combining to form a new entity, with shared ownership and control. An acquisition is when one company purchases another, taking control of over 51% of its shares. Mergers involve mutual cooperation between similar-sized companies, while acquisitions see a larger company take over a smaller target. Both mergers and acquisitions can provide benefits like tax savings and synergies, but may also create issues like cultural clashes.
Mergers and acquisitions by calvella
A merger involves the total absorption of a target firm by the acquirer. As a result, one firm ceases to exist and only the new firm (acquirer) remains.M&A can include a number of different transactions, such as mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, tender offers, purchase of assets and management acquisitions.
Strategic alliance
There are three main types of strategic alliances: licensing arrangements, joint ventures, and consortia and networks. Consortia and networks can include multi-partner consortia designed to share technology, formal groups that own cross-holdings in each other, and industry-spanning alliance networks that share knowledge, costs, and risks. Strategic alliances allow companies to collaborate without fully merging, whereas mergers and acquisitions combine two companies' assets and liabilities.
Legal aspects of mergers and acquisition
Legal aspects of mergers and acquisition
Acquisition is the combination of two companies where one corporation is completely absorbed by another corporation. The less important company loses its identity and becomes part of the more important corporation, which retains its identity. It may involve absorption or consolidation.
Merger is also defined as amalgamation. Merger is the fusion of two or more existing companies. All assets, liabilities and the stock of one company stand transferred to Transferee Company in consideration of payment in the form of:
I) Equity shares in the transferee company,
II) Debentures in the transferee company,
III) Cash, or
IV) A mix of the above mode
Merger and analysis ppt
This document discusses mergers and acquisitions. It defines a merger as a combination of two companies where one is absorbed by the other. An acquisition occurs when a larger company takes over the shares and assets of a smaller one. The document outlines the differences between mergers and acquisitions and discusses reasons for and against each. It also describes the types of mergers and acquisitions as well as the process for mergers and acquisitions in India.
Merger write up
The document provides information about mergers and types of mergers. It defines a merger as occurring when two companies combine to form a single company, with existing stockholders of both companies retaining shared ownership. It describes the main types of mergers as horizontal (between competitors), vertical (between companies in different parts of the supply chain), and conglomerate (between companies in unrelated markets). The document also discusses the reasons companies pursue mergers such as industry consolidation, improving competitive position, defensive moves, synergies, and acquiring resources/skills. It provides examples and a case study of a merger between HDFC Bank and Centurion Bank of Punjab.
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merger and acquisition(M&A) transactions completed its most active year since the financial crisis, it is helpful to go back to basics. Activity has been prevalent in all market sectors, including large, mid and small cap and across all industries, including biotech, financial services, technology, consumer goods and services, food and beverage and healthcare, among others...
Merger and acquisition
This document discusses mergers and acquisitions. It defines mergers as combinations of two or more companies into one new entity, while acquisitions refer to one company purchasing another to gain control of its assets or management. The document outlines different types of mergers like horizontal, vertical, conglomerate, market extension, and product extension mergers. It also discusses takeovers and provides examples of major mergers and acquisitions in India, such as Tata Steel-Corus, Vodafone-Hutchison Essar, Ranbaxy-Daiichi Sankyo, Tata Motors-Jaguar Land Rover, and RIL-RPL merger. Mergers allow companies to increase market share, realize economies of
Mergers & amalgamations
This document discusses mergers and amalgamations under Indian law. It defines mergers as a transaction where one company's assets and liabilities are transferred to another company, which ceases to exist, while its shareholders become shareholders of the acquiring company. Amalgamations involve the transfer of two or more companies' assets and liabilities to a new or existing company, with the amalgamating companies' shareholders becoming shareholders of the transferee company. The document outlines the legal procedures for mergers and amalgamations under the Companies Act of 1956 and describes different types of mergers and amalgamations. It discusses the key motivations for companies to engage in mergers and amalgamations, such as economies of scale, increased market share and revenue, and resource transfers.
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The document discusses regulations for selling medicines under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. It states that licensing authorities appointed by state governments issue licenses to sell drugs, which are valid for five years unless suspended or cancelled. Licenses will only be granted to applicants who have proper storage and qualifications, and may be refused to those convicted under the Act. Pharmacies must be run by a registered pharmacist, maintain proper records, and store poisons securely in a locked cupboard marked with the word "poison". Licenses can be cancelled or suspended if any conditions are not complied with.
Situation
Hon'ble Justice Mr. HCJ was appointed as the chairperson of the Competition Commission of India on January 1, 2005 at age 61. According to the Competition Act of 2002, the term for a chairperson is 5 years and they are eligible for reappointment. However, no chairperson can hold the position past age 65. Therefore, since Mr. HCJ would turn 65 on December 31, 2008, he would have to retire from his position before completing his full 5-year term and would not be eligible for reappointment.
Composition of Arbitral Tribunal.
This document discusses provisions around alternative dispute resolution and arbitration. It outlines that an arbitral tribunal shall consist of an odd number of arbitrators unless otherwise agreed, with each party appointing one in a three-arbitrator panel. An arbitrator may only be challenged for circumstances that raise doubts on impartiality or independence, lack of qualifications, or reasons a party became aware of after appointment. The procedure for a challenge requires sending a written statement within 15 days of the relevant event or constitution of the tribunal.
Definition & Kinds Of States
The document discusses key concepts in international law including defining the state, sovereignty, and sovereign equality of states. It notes that defining the state can be difficult as the meaning may vary. It provides definitions of the state as a lawful government with sovereign power over its people and affairs. Sovereignty is described as the absolute and supreme authority within a state. The document also discusses principles of sovereign equality, which means that all states are equal in status regardless of differences in size or population.
Provisions of Hazardous Process
This document discusses provisions around hazardous processes in factories under the Factories (Amendment) Act of 1987. Key points include:
1) The Act defined hazardous processes and established two new schedules listing industries involving hazardous processes and permissible levels of certain chemicals.
2) An Expert Committee was formed under the Chief Inspector of a state to advise on matters arising out of hazardous processes. It includes representatives from various regulatory and expert bodies.
3) Occupiers of factories must disclose all health and safety information regarding hazardous materials and processes to workers, inspectors, and local authorities. They must also maintain health and safety policies and accurate worker health records.
Section 4, Indian Patent Act, 1970
Inventions relating to atomic energy and certain compounds used in atomic energy are not patentable in India. The Atomic Energy Act of 1962 designates that the central government has sole authority over atomic energy development and operation to ensure safety. Specifically, the Act prohibits patents for inventions involving atomic energy as defined through nuclear fission and fusion processes, as well as compounds including uranium, beryllium, thorium, plutonium, radium, and graphite.
History of Foreign Trade: Post, 1991
The document discusses India's economic reforms since 1991 that opened up markets through liberalization, privatization, and globalization. It introduced industrial policy reforms in 1991 under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao to gradually reduce government controls on foreign trade and investment. This led to a complete change in India's foreign trade composition and direction. Liberalization relaxed previous restrictions on social and economic policies, including removing tariffs and subsidies on international trade flows. Privatization permitted private sector industries that were previously public sector monopolies. Globalization integrated India's domestic economy with worldwide foreign investment, trade, production and financial matters.
My Last Duchess
The document provides context and analysis about the poem "My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning. It describes that the poem is about the Duke of Ferrara who had three marriages but no children. It suggests the Duke was modeled after Alfonso II who ruled Ferrara in the 16th century. The poem reveals the Duke to be proud, possessive, and selfish, as well as a lover of art. It further analyzes that the poem uses ekphrasis to dramatize the viewers' response to a portrait of the Duke's last wife and reveal the violence underlying representation. The Duke shows off the portrait to a visitor while describing his arrogance and how he viewed women as objects.
Jurisdiction of Civil Courts & Statutory exclusion thereof
This document discusses jurisdiction of civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure. It defines jurisdiction as the authority conferred by law on courts, tribunals, and judges to decide disputes and pass judgements. Jurisdiction depends on subject matter, monetary value, and location. Section 9 of the CPC states that civil courts have jurisdiction over all civil suits, except those whose cognizance is expressly or impliedly barred. Civil suits generally relate to property rights, contracts, damages, and domestic matters. Suits not considered civil involve questions of caste or purely religious rites. The document does not specify who determines jurisdiction.
The Right to genuine criticism & The test of erosion of public confidence
The document discusses the balancing of free speech rights and preserving confidence in the judicial system under the law of contempt. It notes that while the judiciary is open to criticism as part of democratic principles, serious allegations against an individual judge could undermine public trust. The Supreme Court has held that criticism of judicial acts must be respectful and avoid attributing motives, as judgments are public documents that can be commented on and critiqued in a dignified manner.
Section 39 & 40
The document discusses the law of evidence in India. It explains what evidence is necessary when a statement forms part of a conversation, longer statement, document, or electronic record. The court will consider evidence necessary for the full understanding of the nature and effect of the statement in each case. Evidence should not be given against a party without also providing the full context of what was said or written on the same occasion. Amendments were introduced to include electronic records and related terms. Prior judgments can prevent courts from hearing similar cases under the doctrine of res judicata to avoid multiplicity of suits. However, civil court judgments are not admissible as evidence in criminal cases to prove innocence. Judgments show their date and legal consequences but are not
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The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
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6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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原版制作(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptxGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
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Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
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Merger vs. Acquisition
- 1. Bhargav Dangar Roll No. 21 Merger & Acquisition
- 2. A merger is a combination of two or more companies into one large company. That result in transfer of ownership & control of cooperation. Examples:- Sunpharma and Ranbaxy Flipkart and Myntra
- 3. When one company acquiring or takes over another company and clearly established itself as the new owner, the purchase is called an Acquisition. Examples :- Tata Motors – Jaguar Land Rover Pantaloons – Forever 21
- 4. Difference Between Merger & Acquisition Merger Acquisition I. Merger of two organization in to one. II. It is the mutual decision. III. Merger is expensive than Acquisition. IV. It is time consuming and the company has to maintain so much legal issues. I. Buying one organization by another. II. It can be friendly takeover or hostile takeover. III. Acquisition is less expensive than Merger. IV. It is faster and easier transaction.