Admission, Enrolment & Rights of Advocate
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The document discusses sections of the Advocates Act related to the admission and enrollment of advocates. It notes there are two classes of advocates: senior advocates and other advocates. It outlines the requirements to become an advocate including being a citizen of India over 21, having a law degree from a Bar Council of India recognized university, and paying enrollment fees to the State Bar Council and Bar Council of India. It also mentions a State Bar Council can remove an advocate's name from the state roll if they are deceased or request removal.
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ADVOCATES WELFARE FUND ACT BY PRAGYA KUMAR
The presentation has its roots in advocate welfare committee of Bar Council Of India which comprise of the concept "Advocates welfare fund Act, 2001"
Orissa HC Orders family pension to a transwomen
The petitioner, a transgender woman, filed a writ petition seeking family pension benefits after the death of her parents as provided under state pension rules for unmarried daughters. The court analyzed international human rights law and a Supreme Court judgment recognizing transgender rights. It found the petitioner was eligible for family pension as her right to identify as a woman was recognized. It directed responsible authorities to process and sanction the petitioner's family pension application within 6 weeks as per applicable laws and the Supreme Court judgment.
Constitutionofindiaacts
The document outlines some key provisions in Part I of the Constitution of India regarding the territory of India and establishment of new states. It specifies that India shall be a union of states, lists the current states and territories in the First Schedule, and allows Parliament to admit new states or alter existing states by law. It also provides that any such law shall include amendments to relevant Schedules and may contain supplemental provisions regarding representation in Parliament.
Bar council of india
The Bar Council of India is a statutory body that regulates legal education and the legal profession in India. It was established in 1961 under the Advocates Act. The Bar Council sets standards for legal education, grants recognition to law universities, regulates the conduct of advocates, and exercises disciplinary powers over advocates. It consists of 18 members representing the central government and each state's bar council. The Bar Council's key functions are to regulate legal education and the legal profession, safeguard advocates' rights and interests, and promote law reform in India.
Judiciary.ppt
The judicial system in India has a single integrated structure with the Supreme Court at the apex, High Courts at the state level, and district courts at the local level. It also provides for an independent and powerful judiciary to act as guardian of the Constitution. The Supreme Court currently has 29 judges including the Chief Justice, who is currently Justice Uday Umesh Lalit but will soon be replaced by Justice Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud. The Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction and its decisions have binding precedent. Below the High Courts are subordinate courts that deal with various cases. India has a separation of powers between the judiciary, executive, and legislature to maintain independence of the courts.
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The courts of pakistan in kpk perspective by ghulam hamid
The courts of pakistan in kpk perspective by ghulam hamid
20220926 Tripura HC Judgment in Bru voter enrollment case.pdf
20220926 Tripura HC Judgment in Bru voter enrollment case.pdf
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Cross Border Services
This document discusses cross-border trade in services. It provides examples of cross-border services as banking and architectural services transmitted via telecommunication or mail between businesses in neighboring countries. It also lists activities covered by cross-border trade in services, such as production, marketing, sale, and delivery of a service. Finally, it outlines certain government procurements and air services that are excluded from some cross-border service agreements.
Criminal Investigation & Forensic Science
Criminal investigation plays a pivotal role in maintaining law and order by establishing the facts of a crime and identifying the victim and culprit. It involves understanding the nature of the crime and criminal to effectively investigate by collecting evidence to answer questions about what happened, who was involved, when and where it occurred, what the motive was, and whether witnesses can be trusted. Police are the main investigators, but they work with other specialists and the evidence they gather is used to establish the details of the crime and identify the responsible parties.
Multiple Factor Approach Theory - Mobility & Culture Conflicts
This document discusses several factors that can influence criminal behavior according to different criminological theories:
1) Criminal behavior is influenced by a combination of many social and psychological factors rather than a single cause.
2) Modernization, urbanization, and industrialization can sometimes lead to social disorganization and cultural conflicts between groups, resulting in deviant behavior.
3) The propagation of crime reports in media can encourage crime among those with unstable minds or psychopathic tendencies and cause the general public to lose faith in law enforcement.
Needs & Preferential Payment of Creditor Protection
This document discusses creditors and their rights. It defines a creditor as a person who provides money, goods, or services to a company and expects to be paid later. Creditors have a claim on the company that should be reported as a liability on the balance sheet. Creditors can be secured or unsecured. The document also discusses corporate insolvency, creditors' rights, and the need for creditor protection, especially in cases of company winding up where debts to the government, employees and secured creditors must be paid before other debts.
Sustainable Development & Bio-Diversity
The document discusses biodiversity and its importance for sustainable development. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms found on Earth, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is the foundation for human civilization and provides essential goods, services, and cultural values. However, biodiversity is being lost due to threats like uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources, habitat destruction, conversion of land for human settlements, and coastal destruction. The major threats to biodiversity are the non-recognition of its importance as well as its commercial exploitation and habitat loss.
Liability Convention, 1972
The document summarizes key aspects of the Liability Convention adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1971. It defines damage and identifies four categories of launching states that can be liable. It distinguishes between absolute liability for damage on Earth and fault liability for damage occurring elsewhere. Joint liability applies when two or more states jointly launch an object. Launching states are jointly and severally liable for damage caused, including in cases of joint launchings involving third states. Compensation is to be determined based on international law principles of justice and equality.
General Deduction u/s. 37(1) of the I.T. Act, 1961
This document summarizes the key conditions for claiming a deduction under Section 37(1) of the Principles of Taxation in India. Specifically:
1) The expenditure cannot be covered under Sections 30-36.
2) Capital expenditures are not deductible.
3) Expenditures cannot be personal in nature.
4) Expenditures must be for the purpose of the business carried out by the assessee in the previous year.
5) Illegal expenditures are not deductible.
Powers of Controller in India
This document outlines various powers granted to the controller or authorized persons under the Information Technology Act:
1. The controller has the power to search and seize items if they believe infringement has occurred. This includes placing identification marks, entering and searching premises, searching people, and breaking locks.
2. The controller can call for any information from individuals or organizations that may be useful to determine if the IT Act was contravened.
3. The controller can inspect and make copies of books and have access to computer systems and equipment to search for information.
International Covenant on Economics, Social & Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
The document summarizes the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). It notes that the ICESCR is a multilateral treaty adopted by the UN in 1966 that came into force in 1976. It contains 31 articles divided into 5 parts that protect various economic, social, and cultural rights aimed at fulfilling basic human needs and allowing participation in community cultural life. These rights include the rights to work, social security, health, education, adequate living standards, and culture. As of 2018, 169 countries are parties to the ICESCR.
Regulation on sale of Medicines
The document discusses regulations for selling medicines under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. It states that licensing authorities appointed by state governments issue licenses to sell drugs, which are valid for five years unless suspended or cancelled. Licenses will only be granted to applicants who have proper storage and qualifications, and may be refused to those convicted under the Act. Pharmacies must be run by a registered pharmacist, maintain proper records, and store poisons securely in a locked cupboard marked with the word "poison". Licenses can be cancelled or suspended if any conditions are not complied with.
Situation
Hon'ble Justice Mr. HCJ was appointed as the chairperson of the Competition Commission of India on January 1, 2005 at age 61. According to the Competition Act of 2002, the term for a chairperson is 5 years and they are eligible for reappointment. However, no chairperson can hold the position past age 65. Therefore, since Mr. HCJ would turn 65 on December 31, 2008, he would have to retire from his position before completing his full 5-year term and would not be eligible for reappointment.
Composition of Arbitral Tribunal.
This document discusses provisions around alternative dispute resolution and arbitration. It outlines that an arbitral tribunal shall consist of an odd number of arbitrators unless otherwise agreed, with each party appointing one in a three-arbitrator panel. An arbitrator may only be challenged for circumstances that raise doubts on impartiality or independence, lack of qualifications, or reasons a party became aware of after appointment. The procedure for a challenge requires sending a written statement within 15 days of the relevant event or constitution of the tribunal.
Definition & Kinds Of States
The document discusses key concepts in international law including defining the state, sovereignty, and sovereign equality of states. It notes that defining the state can be difficult as the meaning may vary. It provides definitions of the state as a lawful government with sovereign power over its people and affairs. Sovereignty is described as the absolute and supreme authority within a state. The document also discusses principles of sovereign equality, which means that all states are equal in status regardless of differences in size or population.
Provisions of Hazardous Process
This document discusses provisions around hazardous processes in factories under the Factories (Amendment) Act of 1987. Key points include:
1) The Act defined hazardous processes and established two new schedules listing industries involving hazardous processes and permissible levels of certain chemicals.
2) An Expert Committee was formed under the Chief Inspector of a state to advise on matters arising out of hazardous processes. It includes representatives from various regulatory and expert bodies.
3) Occupiers of factories must disclose all health and safety information regarding hazardous materials and processes to workers, inspectors, and local authorities. They must also maintain health and safety policies and accurate worker health records.
Section 4, Indian Patent Act, 1970
Inventions relating to atomic energy and certain compounds used in atomic energy are not patentable in India. The Atomic Energy Act of 1962 designates that the central government has sole authority over atomic energy development and operation to ensure safety. Specifically, the Act prohibits patents for inventions involving atomic energy as defined through nuclear fission and fusion processes, as well as compounds including uranium, beryllium, thorium, plutonium, radium, and graphite.
History of Foreign Trade: Post, 1991
The document discusses India's economic reforms since 1991 that opened up markets through liberalization, privatization, and globalization. It introduced industrial policy reforms in 1991 under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao to gradually reduce government controls on foreign trade and investment. This led to a complete change in India's foreign trade composition and direction. Liberalization relaxed previous restrictions on social and economic policies, including removing tariffs and subsidies on international trade flows. Privatization permitted private sector industries that were previously public sector monopolies. Globalization integrated India's domestic economy with worldwide foreign investment, trade, production and financial matters.
My Last Duchess
The document provides context and analysis about the poem "My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning. It describes that the poem is about the Duke of Ferrara who had three marriages but no children. It suggests the Duke was modeled after Alfonso II who ruled Ferrara in the 16th century. The poem reveals the Duke to be proud, possessive, and selfish, as well as a lover of art. It further analyzes that the poem uses ekphrasis to dramatize the viewers' response to a portrait of the Duke's last wife and reveal the violence underlying representation. The Duke shows off the portrait to a visitor while describing his arrogance and how he viewed women as objects.
Jurisdiction of Civil Courts & Statutory exclusion thereof
This document discusses jurisdiction of civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure. It defines jurisdiction as the authority conferred by law on courts, tribunals, and judges to decide disputes and pass judgements. Jurisdiction depends on subject matter, monetary value, and location. Section 9 of the CPC states that civil courts have jurisdiction over all civil suits, except those whose cognizance is expressly or impliedly barred. Civil suits generally relate to property rights, contracts, damages, and domestic matters. Suits not considered civil involve questions of caste or purely religious rites. The document does not specify who determines jurisdiction.
The Right to genuine criticism & The test of erosion of public confidence
The document discusses the balancing of free speech rights and preserving confidence in the judicial system under the law of contempt. It notes that while the judiciary is open to criticism as part of democratic principles, serious allegations against an individual judge could undermine public trust. The Supreme Court has held that criticism of judicial acts must be respectful and avoid attributing motives, as judgments are public documents that can be commented on and critiqued in a dignified manner.
Section 39 & 40
The document discusses the law of evidence in India. It explains what evidence is necessary when a statement forms part of a conversation, longer statement, document, or electronic record. The court will consider evidence necessary for the full understanding of the nature and effect of the statement in each case. Evidence should not be given against a party without also providing the full context of what was said or written on the same occasion. Amendments were introduced to include electronic records and related terms. Prior judgments can prevent courts from hearing similar cases under the doctrine of res judicata to avoid multiplicity of suits. However, civil court judgments are not admissible as evidence in criminal cases to prove innocence. Judgments show their date and legal consequences but are not
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Multiple Factor Approach Theory - Mobility & Culture Conflicts
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International Covenant on Economics, Social & Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
International Covenant on Economics, Social & Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
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在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
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国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
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"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
快速办理(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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Admission, Enrolment & Rights of Advocate
- 2. Section 16 to 28 of the Advocates Act deal with admission & enrolment of advocates. Eligible persons are admitted as advocates on the rolls of the State Bar Councils. All applicants for enrolment as advocates are required under section 24 (1) (f) of the Advocates Act, 1961 to pay an enrolment fee of Rs. 600 to the respective State Bar Council & Rs. 150 to the Bar Council of India.
- 3. Section 16 states that there shall be two classes of advocates as senior advocates & other advocates. An advocate may, with his consent, be designated as senior advocate, if Supreme Court or High Court is of opinion that by virtue of his ability, special knowledge or experience in law, he is deserving such distinction. In the matter of their practice, a senior advocate shall not file a vakalatnama or act in any court or tribunal or before any person or authority mentioned in section 30 of Advocate Act.
- 4. a) He is a citizen of India: provided that subject to the other provisions contained in this Act, a national of any other country may be admitted as an advocates on state roll, if citizen of India, duly qualified, are permitted to practice law in that other country; b) He has completed the age of twenty one years. c) He has obtained a degree in law from any university recognized by Bar Council of India. d) He has paid the enrolment fee to the State Bar Council.
- 5. Acc. to section 26-A of the Advocates Act, a State Bar Council may remove from the state roll, the name of any advocate who is dead or from whom a request has been received to that effect.