Ayo Akinrinmade, Information Scientist at Orphanet, spoke in the 'Current initiatives in rare diseases' panel at the Cambridge Rare Disease Summit 2015.
ECO 11: Medicines Optimisation in Northern Ireland - Frans van AndelInnovation Agency
Frans introduces the work of the Medicines Optimisation Innovation Centre based in Northern Ireland. He talks about their background; aims and how they achieve them; and current key initiatives. Frans also discusses the ongoing work of MOIC in enabling technology, the pharmaceutical industry, knowledge transfer, training and education, and other key initiatives.
Mr James Downie, CEO, presented on the topic 'Moving towards value based funding' at the Healthcare reform, funding and innovation conference, hosted by AventEdge on 27 June 2017.
Presentation by Dr Trisha Johnston, Queensland Health, on 8 November 2017, to the 'Data linkage and the Australian Health Thesaurus' ANDS webinar.
Recordings, slides, transcripts, links for all health and medical webinars are at: http://www.ands.org.au/working-with-data/sensitive-data/medical-and-health/webinars-health-and-medical
Ayo Akinrinmade, Information Scientist at Orphanet, spoke in the 'Current initiatives in rare diseases' panel at the Cambridge Rare Disease Summit 2015.
ECO 11: Medicines Optimisation in Northern Ireland - Frans van AndelInnovation Agency
Frans introduces the work of the Medicines Optimisation Innovation Centre based in Northern Ireland. He talks about their background; aims and how they achieve them; and current key initiatives. Frans also discusses the ongoing work of MOIC in enabling technology, the pharmaceutical industry, knowledge transfer, training and education, and other key initiatives.
Mr James Downie, CEO, presented on the topic 'Moving towards value based funding' at the Healthcare reform, funding and innovation conference, hosted by AventEdge on 27 June 2017.
Presentation by Dr Trisha Johnston, Queensland Health, on 8 November 2017, to the 'Data linkage and the Australian Health Thesaurus' ANDS webinar.
Recordings, slides, transcripts, links for all health and medical webinars are at: http://www.ands.org.au/working-with-data/sensitive-data/medical-and-health/webinars-health-and-medical
Mr James Downie, CEO, presented on the topic 'Emergency care costing study and classification development' at the 9th Annual Emergency Department Management Conference, hosted by informa on 31 July 2017.
Advanced technologies and budgetary implications -- Vadim Perman, IsraelOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Vadim Perman, Israel, at the 6th Meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA-GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 18-19 September 2017
Advanced health technologies and budgetary implications -- Thomas Baardseng, ...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Thomas Baardseng, Norway, at the 6th Meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA-GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 18-19 September 2017
January 23, 2017
The Fifth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review symposium featured leading experts discussing major developments during 2016 and what to watch out for in 2017. The discussion at this day-long event covered hot topics in such areas as health policy under the new administration, regulatory issues in clinical research, law at the end-of-life, patient rights and advocacy, pharmaceutical policy, reproductive health, and public health law.
The Fifth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review was sponsored by the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, Harvard Health Publications at Harvard Medical School, Health Affairs, the Hastings Center, the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL) in the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and the Center for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School, with support from the Oswald DeN. Cammann Fund.
Learn more on our website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/5th-annual-health-law-year-in-p-review
Seamless Journey from Population Health to Precision MedicineOrion Health
Precision medicine is happening now! Join us as we examine the opportunities to leverage your initial core data sets and prepare for new data types to deliver real-time population health and precise medicine.
This webinar will demonstrate how modern healthcare organizations (HCO) are expanding clinical integration and upgrading to higher performing technology stacks on their journey to the omics-based and real-time delivery of precision medicine.
We’ll chat with Dr. Chris Hobson, CMO and CPO at Orion Health, Doctor Dylan Mordaunt, Clinical Director Research at Orion Health, and with Orion Health’s Executive Vice President of Product and Strategy, Dave Bennett about the importance of real-time data mining and re-mining, and which new computational tools and techniques you need to meet your population health goals and future proof your organization for the delivery of precision medicine.
In this webinar, we will explain:
How new models of medicine (e.g., molecular medicine, value-based medicine, etc.) are driving the immediate need for patient-specific decision support assistance
How existing and new data sets can be leveraged with integrated and real-time analytics (e.g., family history, pharmacogenics) for immediate reduction in adverse events and improved outcomes
How innovative organizations are answering this demand with high-performing technology
Health Informatics - Transforming healthcare delivery in Hong Kong. Presented by Dr Ngai-Tseung Cheung, Head of Information Technology and Health Informatics/Chief Medical Informatics Officer, Hong Kong Hospital Authority, at HINZ 2014, 11 November 2014, 9.15am, Plenary Room
The role of real world data and evidence in building a sustainable & efficien...Office of Health Economics
This presentation defines RWD and RWE in the context of digital health, and looks at potential uses for RWD and RWE. It briefly sets out the current landscape in Malaysia and looks at the challenges in using RWE. In particular, the issues of access, governance and ensuring good quality are considered.
Mr James Downie, CEO, presented on the topic 'Moving towards value based funding' at the 2017 Activity-Based Funding Conference, hosted by the Health Service Executive, Ireland on 11 May 2017.
January 23, 2017
The Fifth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review symposium featured leading experts discussing major developments during 2016 and what to watch out for in 2017. The discussion at this day-long event covered hot topics in such areas as health policy under the new administration, regulatory issues in clinical research, law at the end-of-life, patient rights and advocacy, pharmaceutical policy, reproductive health, and public health law.
The Fifth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review was sponsored by the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, Harvard Health Publications at Harvard Medical School, Health Affairs, the Hastings Center, the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL) in the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and the Center for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School, with support from the Oswald DeN. Cammann Fund.
Learn more on our website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/5th-annual-health-law-year-in-p-review
Advanced health technologies and budgetary implications -- Valerie Paris, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Valérie Paris, OECD Secretariat, at the 6th Meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA-GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 18-19 September 2017
Mr James Downie, CEO, presented on the topic 'Independent Hospital Pricing Authority Update' at the HBN/CHASAN Steering Committee, hosted by Catholic Negotiating Alliance on 15 May 2017.
Presentation by Paul Brain, Project Manager at the Excel in Health series - Introduction to data webinar on Monday 6 June 2022.
In this session we discussed how SMEs can use data to grow their business and access new opportunities in the market.
Mr James Downie, CEO, presented on the topic 'Emergency care costing study and classification development' at the 9th Annual Emergency Department Management Conference, hosted by informa on 31 July 2017.
Advanced technologies and budgetary implications -- Vadim Perman, IsraelOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Vadim Perman, Israel, at the 6th Meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA-GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 18-19 September 2017
Advanced health technologies and budgetary implications -- Thomas Baardseng, ...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Thomas Baardseng, Norway, at the 6th Meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA-GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 18-19 September 2017
January 23, 2017
The Fifth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review symposium featured leading experts discussing major developments during 2016 and what to watch out for in 2017. The discussion at this day-long event covered hot topics in such areas as health policy under the new administration, regulatory issues in clinical research, law at the end-of-life, patient rights and advocacy, pharmaceutical policy, reproductive health, and public health law.
The Fifth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review was sponsored by the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, Harvard Health Publications at Harvard Medical School, Health Affairs, the Hastings Center, the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL) in the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and the Center for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School, with support from the Oswald DeN. Cammann Fund.
Learn more on our website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/5th-annual-health-law-year-in-p-review
Seamless Journey from Population Health to Precision MedicineOrion Health
Precision medicine is happening now! Join us as we examine the opportunities to leverage your initial core data sets and prepare for new data types to deliver real-time population health and precise medicine.
This webinar will demonstrate how modern healthcare organizations (HCO) are expanding clinical integration and upgrading to higher performing technology stacks on their journey to the omics-based and real-time delivery of precision medicine.
We’ll chat with Dr. Chris Hobson, CMO and CPO at Orion Health, Doctor Dylan Mordaunt, Clinical Director Research at Orion Health, and with Orion Health’s Executive Vice President of Product and Strategy, Dave Bennett about the importance of real-time data mining and re-mining, and which new computational tools and techniques you need to meet your population health goals and future proof your organization for the delivery of precision medicine.
In this webinar, we will explain:
How new models of medicine (e.g., molecular medicine, value-based medicine, etc.) are driving the immediate need for patient-specific decision support assistance
How existing and new data sets can be leveraged with integrated and real-time analytics (e.g., family history, pharmacogenics) for immediate reduction in adverse events and improved outcomes
How innovative organizations are answering this demand with high-performing technology
Health Informatics - Transforming healthcare delivery in Hong Kong. Presented by Dr Ngai-Tseung Cheung, Head of Information Technology and Health Informatics/Chief Medical Informatics Officer, Hong Kong Hospital Authority, at HINZ 2014, 11 November 2014, 9.15am, Plenary Room
The role of real world data and evidence in building a sustainable & efficien...Office of Health Economics
This presentation defines RWD and RWE in the context of digital health, and looks at potential uses for RWD and RWE. It briefly sets out the current landscape in Malaysia and looks at the challenges in using RWE. In particular, the issues of access, governance and ensuring good quality are considered.
Mr James Downie, CEO, presented on the topic 'Moving towards value based funding' at the 2017 Activity-Based Funding Conference, hosted by the Health Service Executive, Ireland on 11 May 2017.
January 23, 2017
The Fifth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review symposium featured leading experts discussing major developments during 2016 and what to watch out for in 2017. The discussion at this day-long event covered hot topics in such areas as health policy under the new administration, regulatory issues in clinical research, law at the end-of-life, patient rights and advocacy, pharmaceutical policy, reproductive health, and public health law.
The Fifth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review was sponsored by the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, Harvard Health Publications at Harvard Medical School, Health Affairs, the Hastings Center, the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL) in the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and the Center for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School, with support from the Oswald DeN. Cammann Fund.
Learn more on our website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/5th-annual-health-law-year-in-p-review
Advanced health technologies and budgetary implications -- Valerie Paris, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Valérie Paris, OECD Secretariat, at the 6th Meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA-GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 18-19 September 2017
Mr James Downie, CEO, presented on the topic 'Independent Hospital Pricing Authority Update' at the HBN/CHASAN Steering Committee, hosted by Catholic Negotiating Alliance on 15 May 2017.
Presentation by Paul Brain, Project Manager at the Excel in Health series - Introduction to data webinar on Monday 6 June 2022.
In this session we discussed how SMEs can use data to grow their business and access new opportunities in the market.
> HTA and Real World Evidence (RWE)
> Why RWE? - Limitations with RCT
> RCT v/s RWE
> Definition of RWE
> Sources of RWE
> Advantages of RWE
> Application of Real World Data (RWD) in RWE
> Benefits of RWD in RWE
> Why Data Sharing is Important?
> Important Stakeholders
> How to Encourage Data Sharing?
> Benefits of Data Sharing
> Case Studies
> Data Privacy Scenario
> Data Security in India
> Regulatory Perspectives Around RWD/RWE
> Way Forward
EuroBioForum 2013 - Day 2 | Mark PoznanskyEuroBioForum
EuroBioForum 2013 2nd Annual Conference
27-28 May 2013 - Hilton Munich City, Munich, Germany
http://www.eurobioforum.eu/2013
=======================================
# REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES #
Ontario Genomics Institute, Canada:
Innovative Research, Innovative Translation
Dr Mark Poznansky
President and CEO Ontario Genomics Institute
=======================================
http://www.eurobioforum.eu
eHealth Practice in Europe: where do we stand?chronaki
eHealth as the use of Information and communication technologies in the practice of health care comprises Electronic health records, Healthcare information exchange cross-jurisdictions, Personal health records, Telehealth, telemedicine and remote monitoring.
There are several efforts to reflect and measure the practice of eHealth including efforts by the OECD and WHO, but in general there is little reported sharing of health data particularly with patients. Specific barriers frequently mentioned are supporting policies and coherent widely implemented standards.
The presentation discusses relevant efforts and programs supported by the European Commission such as the eHealth DSI, eStandards, ASSESS CT, and openMedicine aiming at large scale eHealth adoption It calls for engagement of European Society, its national societies, and its members.
Advanced health technologies and their budgetary implications - Valérie Paris...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Valérie Paris, OECD Secretariat, at the 6th meeting of the joint OECD DELSA-GOV network on fiscal sustainability of health systems held in Paris, on 18-19 September 2017
Dave Cronin (HSCIC, Business Change Lead, Data Linkage and Extract Service) provides an overview of the Data Linkage and Extract Service. He also discusses a new ground breaking development programme; making available new datasets, subject to robust information governance controls.
What you need to know about Meaningful Use 2 & interoperabilityCompliancy Group
Does this describe you?
·You are constantly challenged to stay abreast of the latest information on EHR integration and HIE interoperability, Meaningful Use stages, the Direct Project, clinician and patient portals, just to name a few.
·You walk a fine line between adopting health information technology for the good it can bring patient outcomes…….and for the good incentive dollars it can mean to your organization.
·You play a key role in ensuring your organization can attest for meaningful use.
Join Andy Nieto, Health IT Strategist at DataMotion where he’ll explain the key role that interoperability plays in Meaningful Use Stage 2 attestation including:
- What does interoperability really mean
- Why you can’t ignore interoperability
- How to achieve interoperability and make it meaningful
- What you need in order to attest
"Healthcare Services at Merck & Co". Presentation by Guy Eiferman, President of Healthcare Services and Solutions, Merck & Co., made at the mHealth Israel Investors Summit, June 29, 2015, in Jerusalem
> Definition of RWD
> RWD - Big Data Characteristics
> Sources of RWD
> Important Stakeholders
> Benefits of RWD
> Why Data Sharing is Important?
> Benefits of Data Sharing
> Who Benefits?
> Ultimate Goals
> Case Studies
> Challenges
> Data Privacy Scenario
> Data Security in India
> Regulatory Perspectives Around RWD
> How to Encourage Data Sharing?
HorseTech Conference Cheltenham 15/16 March 20223GDR
Speakers who will present on 15-16th March 2022 at the HorseTech Conference Cheltenham (and can be watched via the completely FREE livestream). For full details and to register:
https://horsetechconference.com/cheltenham/
DOCTORS AND SOCIAL MEDIA webinar (delivered by Liz Price, MDDUS senior risk a...3GDR
These slides were used for a MDDUS webinar that aimed to explore the legislative and regulatory risks involved in doctors personal and professional use of social media, and in relation to responding to and engaging with patients via this media.
The objectives were to raise awareness of the common medicolegal risks associated with doctors personal use of social media.
To raise awareness of the common medicolegal risks associated with doctors professional use of social media. To explore ways in which doctors can most appropriately respond to patient feedback and contacts via online platforms.
Participants are equipped to apply the knowledge gained in the webinar to risk assess and safely manage their online activities.
Provides guidance to enable improvement of personal practice in this area:
Royal Pharmaceutical Society UCL School of Pharmacy New Year Lecture 20193GDR
Diabetes and the Pharmacy Army
Philip Newland-Jones
Consultant Pharmacist Diabetes & Endocrinology
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
Mobile Health: the enable of Empowered Patients3GDR
Draft of slides for talk by David Doherty (coFounder, 3GDoctor) at the "Transforming Community Pharmacies in to High Street Clinics" Conference in London on the 15th November 2018.
For more information please visit:
https://mhealthinsight.com/2018/10/28/join-us-at-transforming-community-pharmacies-in-to-high-street-clinics/
Mobile Health: the enable of Empowered Patients3GDR
Draft of slides for talk by David Doherty (coFounder, 3GDoctor) at the "Transforming Community Pharmacies in to High Street Clinics" Conference in London on the 15th November 2018.
Slides for lecture by David Doherty (about.me/mHealth) to the Medical Students at University College Dublin on Thursday 29th March 2018.
Full details and Video:
https://mhealthinsight.com/2018/03/22/how-would-the-bornmobile-generation-redesign-medicine-and-whats-the-future-role-of-the-doctor/
Slides for lecture by David Doherty (about.me/mHealth) to the Medical Students at University College Dublin on Thursday 22 March 2018.
Full details and Video:
https://mhealthinsight.com/2018/03/22/how-would-the-bornmobile-generation-redesign-medicine-and-whats-the-future-role-of-the-doctor/
eHealth Ireland & Northern Ireland Connected Health Ecosystem
members of the ECHAlliance International Ecosystem Network
Cross Border Collaboration Projects in Action Alan Connor, mPower Programme Manager, NHS24
Notes on a talk on “Pricing and evaluating Orphan Drugs – present and future”...3GDR
The following slides are notes made by David Doherty following a very interesting presentation on “Pricing and evaluating Orphan Drugs – present and future” provided by Goran Medic, Market Access Manager Europe at Horizon Pharma Plc at the Pharma Pricing & Market Access Europe Conference in London (the world’s largest gathering of pharmaceutical pricing, market access and reimbursement professionals) on the 23rd February 2017.
Deriving more value from real world evidence to ensure timely access of medic...3GDR
Dr Sarah Wamala Andersson, Consultant, Real world evidence and value-based medicines
Pharma Pricing & Market Access Congress 2017 22 February 2017 London
The Future of E-commerce: first-hands insights.Solvd, Inc.
According to Statista, revenue in the e-commerce market is projected to reach US$4,117.00bn in 2024. New technologies and methodologies constantly influence how the e-commerce market develops and shapes itsthe future of e-commerce. The main questions are in the air: How can we stay aligned with e-commerce business owners and ensure our engineering services meet their evolving needs?
At Solvd, this question prompted a deep dive into the current e-commerce landscape. Our goal was to get information about the future of e-commerce directly from first-hand sources. In the course of our research, we explored:
- Portrait of respondents.
- Current challenges and pain points of the e-commerce industry.
- Emerging trends and upcoming opportunities.
- Human resource allocation for e-commerce projects.
- Solutions and actionable advice for business owners.
- The role of a reliable partner in problem-solving.
Explore, download, and share invaluable insights made by Solvd!
It’s no secret that the marketing landscape is growing increasingly complex, with numerous channels, privacy regulations, signal loss, and more. One of the biggest problems facing marketers today is that they’re experiencing data deluge and data drought simultaneously.
Bliss Point by Tinuti addresses these challenges by providing a single, user-friendly platform for measuring what marketers previously struggled to measure. With Bliss Point, you can move beyond simply validating past actions and instead use measurement to guide real-time decision-making on what should happen next.
Join our product experts for a live demonstration of Bliss Point. Discover how it can empower your brand with the tools and insights needed to optimize each channel, across your entire media mix, and your overall brand performance.
Scottish Health Intelligence - creating value for the world
1. Scottish Health Intelligence –
Creating Value for the world
Prof Mahmood Adil
DCH, MPH, CertHEcon, DipHInformatics, MHSM, FRCP (Edin), FFPH, DipIoD
Medical Director
Information Services Division (ISD) Scotland
&
Health Protection Scotland
2. £12B
Population 5M
Single health care provider
14 Territorial Boards
38 Hospitals, 1020 General Practices
High rates of morbidity of common complex
disease
Collaboration – Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Dundee,
Glasgow, St Andrews
Unique patient identifier
3. Chronic Diseases + Elderly Population
+ New Technologies/drugs
+ Waste & Variation
• £20 billion by 2015
• £30 billion by 2020
4. Value
Improved outcomes (quality)
= divided by
Resources utilised (cost + waste + variation)
Maximising health outcomes for every pound spent
6. Best data in the world?
Scotland has some of the best health
service data in the world which combines:
- high quality data
- consistency
- coverage (national and local) and
- the ability to link data to allow patient
based analysis and follow up.
7. A&E
Maternity
BIRTH
DEATH
Child health surveillance
Immunisation
GP consultations
Outpatients Hospital Admissions
Mental Health
Prescribing Screening
Continuing care census
Cancer registry
Dental inspection
Scottish birth record Substance misuse
Clinical audits
http://www.isdscotland.org/About-ISD/About-Our-Statistics/ISD-Statement-of-Administrative-Sources-v2.0-Mar2012.pdf
Most of our data sets offer 100% coverage
10. • Hospital Medicines Utilisation Database (HMUD)
• PIS & PRISM
• Hospital Electronic Prescribing & Medicines
Administration (HEPMA)
• Scottish Primary Care Information Resource
(SPIRE)
Driving value:
prescribing and drugs utilisation
11. Hospital Drug Supply
14 Boards:
Independent
stock control
systems
Identified
as drug
utilisation
Supply to clinical areas
as ward stock
Supply to specific
patients (but costed to
clinical area)
Monthly
import
to data
warehouse
Data from different
pharmacy systems
mapped to standard
drug reference file
(dm+d)
HMUD
12.
13. HMUD Use
• Identify high level medicines expenditure and tracking
change, allowing comparison between Scottish average
and Boards etc.
• Monitor uptake and usage of new and high cost
medicines
• Track impact of change projects on prescribing
• Identify unnecessary variation & opportunities for quality
or efficiency improvement
14. PIS & PRISMS
hold information on all prescriptions written by
Scottish prescribers and dispensed in the
community
15. Prescription events and data
flows
Prescription
written
ePrescribed
data set
95% of ALL Rx
100% CHI
Within 48 hours
Dispensed &
collected
eDispensed
data set
83% of ALL Rx
100% CHI
14 days
Prescription
payment
Reimbursed
data set
100% of Rx
97% CHI
2-3 months
16. HEPMA Hospital Electronic
Prescribing & Medicines Administration
• Has record of prescribing and drug
administration (and non-administration)
• HEPMA systems now in place in 3 Boards and
plan for wider roll out
• Massive potential in intelligent use of different sources
of data
17. SPIRE (Scottish Primary Care
Information Resource)
• Single national system to extract data
from GP clinical IT systems in Scotland
• To help GPs, the NHS in Scotland and
researchers to learn from information
held at GP practices and so improve
outcome and value
19. The Scottish Infection Intelligence Platform (IIP)
Improving patient outcomes and reducing harm from infection
through innovative data integration to support clinicians within
the NHS in Scotland
Key datasets:
• ECOSS-microbiology
• HMUD-medication use in
hospital
• PIS-primary care prescribing
• SMR-hospital activity and
deaths
• SSIRS-surgical site infections
20. Uniqueness & Strengths
• Scotland has databases of medicines
usage in primary and secondary care.
• Primary care data can be linked to
patients rather than prescriptions
• Reporting on medicines use can be
combined with data from other
national databases e.g. population,
occupied bed days etc.
21. Applied Intelligence
• How many people are being treated?
• What are the characteristics of those
people?
• What have they been treated with before?
• What else are they being treated with?